1
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Pimenov OA, Grazhdan KV, Zavalishin MN, Gamov GA. Geometry and UV-Vis Spectra of Au 3+ Complexes with Hydrazones Derived from Pyridoxal 5'-Phosphate: A DFT Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098412. [PMID: 37176119 PMCID: PMC10179053 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gold(III) complexes with different ligands can provide researchers with a measure against pathogenic microorganisms with antibiotic resistance. We reported in our previous paper that the UV-Vis spectra of different protonated species of complexes formed by gold(III) and five hydrazones derived from pyridoxal 5'-phosphate are similar to each other and to the spectra of free protonated hydrazones. The present paper focuses on the reasons of the noted similarity in electron absorption spectra. The geometry of different protonated species of complexes of gold(III) and hydrazones (15 structures in total) was optimized using the density functional theory (DFT). The coordination polyhedron of gold(III) bond critical points were further studied to identify the symmetry of the gold coordination sphere and the type of interactions that hold the complex together. The UV-Vis spectra were calculated using TD DFT methods. The molecular orbitals were analyzed to interpret the calculated spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg A Pimenov
- General Chemical Technology Department, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Sheremetevskii pr. 7, 153000 Ivanovo, Russia
| | - Konstantin V Grazhdan
- General Chemical Technology Department, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Sheremetevskii pr. 7, 153000 Ivanovo, Russia
| | - Maksim N Zavalishin
- General Chemical Technology Department, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Sheremetevskii pr. 7, 153000 Ivanovo, Russia
| | - George A Gamov
- General Chemical Technology Department, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Sheremetevskii pr. 7, 153000 Ivanovo, Russia
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2
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Lu Y, Ma X, Chang X, Liang Z, Lv L, Shan M, Lu Q, Wen Z, Gust R, Liu W. Recent development of gold(I) and gold(III) complexes as therapeutic agents for cancer diseases. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:5518-5556. [PMID: 35699475 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00933h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Metal complexes have demonstrated significant antitumor activities and platinum complexes are well established in the clinical application of cancer chemotherapy. However, the platinum-based treatment of different types of cancers is massively hampered by severe side effects and resistance development. Consequently, the development of novel metal-based drugs with different mechanism of action and pharmaceutical profile attracts modern medicinal chemists to design and synthesize novel metal-based agents. Among non-platinum anticancer drugs, gold complexes have gained considerable attention due to their significant antiproliferative potency and efficacy. In most situations, the gold complexes exhibit anticancer activities by targeting thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) or other thiol-rich proteins and enzymes and trigger cell death via reactive oxygen species (ROS). Interestingly, gold complexes were recently reported to elicit biochemical hallmarks of immunogenic cell death (ICD) as an ICD inducer. In this review, the recent progress of gold(I) and gold(III) complexes is comprehensively summarized, and their activities and mechanism of action are documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Lu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xingyu Chang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Zhenlin Liang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Lin Lv
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Min Shan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Qiuyue Lu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Zhenfan Wen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Ronald Gust
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Wukun Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China. .,State key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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3
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Gurba A, Taciak P, Sacharczuk M, Młynarczuk-Biały I, Bujalska-Zadrożny M, Fichna J. Gold (III) Derivatives in Colon Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:724. [PMID: 35054907 PMCID: PMC8775370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer in men and the second in women. Standard patterns of antitumor therapy, including cisplatin, are ineffective due to their lack of specificity for tumor cells, development of drug resistance, and severe side effects. For this reason, new methods and strategies for CRC treatment are urgently needed. Current research includes novel platinum (Pt)- and other metal-based drugs such as gold (Au), silver (Ag), iridium (Ir), or ruthenium (Ru). Au(III) compounds are promising drug candidates for CRC treatment due to their structural similarity to Pt(II). Their advantage is their relatively good solubility in water, but their disadvantage is an unsatisfactory stability under physiological conditions. Due to these limitations, work is still underway to improve the formula of Au(III) complexes by combining with various types of ligands capable of stabilizing the Au(III) cation and preventing its reduction under physiological conditions. This review summarizes the achievements in the field of stable Au(III) complexes with potential cytotoxic activity restricted to cancer cells. Moreover, it has been shown that not nucleic acids but various protein structures such as thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) mediate the antitumor effects of Au derivatives. The state of the art of the in vivo studies so far conducted is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Gurba
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (P.T.); (M.S.); (M.B.-Z.)
| | - Przemysław Taciak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (P.T.); (M.S.); (M.B.-Z.)
| | - Mariusz Sacharczuk
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (P.T.); (M.S.); (M.B.-Z.)
- Department of Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Izabela Młynarczuk-Biały
- Department for Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubinskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Bujalska-Zadrożny
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (P.T.); (M.S.); (M.B.-Z.)
| | - Jakub Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
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4
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Pradhan AK, Shyam A, Mondal P. Quantum Chemical Investigations on the Hydrolysis of Gold(III)-Based Anticancer Drugs and Their Interaction with Amino Acid Residues. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:28084-28097. [PMID: 34723008 PMCID: PMC8552358 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive hydrolysis mechanism of the promising class of Au(III) anticancer drugs [Au(DMDT)Cl2] (DMDT = N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamate) (R) and [Au(damp)Cl2] (damp = 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]phenyl) (R') was done by means of density functional theory (DFT) in combination with the CPCM solvation model to explore the solution behavior and stability under physiological conditions. The activation free energies (ΔG) for the second hydrolysis, R (13.7 kcal/mol) and R' (10.0 kcal/mol) are found to be relatively lower in comparison to the first hydrolysis, and their rate constant values are computed to be 5.62 × 102 and 2.90 × 105 s-1, respectively. Besides these, the interaction mechanisms of aquated R and R' with the potential protein-binding sites cysteine (Cys) and selenocysteine (Sec) were also investigated in detail. The kinetic study and activation Gibbs free energy profiles reveal that the aquated complexes of R and R' bind more effectively to the Se site of Sec than to the S site of Cys. Intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonding play a pivotal role in stabilizing the intermediates and transition states involved in the ligand substitution reactions of R and R'. Natural population analysis (NPA) was done to determine the charge distributions on important atoms during the hydrolysis and ligand substitution reactions.
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5
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van der Westhuizen D, Bezuidenhout DI, Munro OQ. Cancer molecular biology and strategies for the design of cytotoxic gold(I) and gold(III) complexes: a tutorial review. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:17413-17437. [PMID: 34693422 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02783b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This tutorial review highlights key principles underpinning the design of selected metallodrugs to target specific biological macromolecules (DNA and proteins). The review commences with a descriptive overview of the eukaryotic cell cycle and the molecular biology of cancer, particularly apoptosis, which is provided as a necessary foundation for the discovery, design, and targeting of metal-based anticancer agents. Drugs which target DNA have been highlighted and clinically approved metallodrugs discussed. A brief history of the development of mainly gold-based metallodrugs is presented prior to addressing ligand systems for stabilizing and adding functionality to bio-active gold(I) and gold(III) complexes, particularly in the burgeoning field of anticancer metallodrugs. Concepts such as multi-modal and selective cytotoxic agents are covered where necessary for selected compounds. The emerging role of carbenes as the ligand system of choice to achieve these goals for gold-based metallodrug candidates is highlighted prior to closing the review with comments on some future directions that this research field might follow. The latter section ultimately emphasizes the importance of understanding the fate of metal complexes in cells to garner key mechanistic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle van der Westhuizen
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.
| | - Daniela I Bezuidenhout
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Oulu, P. O. Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland.
| | - Orde Q Munro
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.
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6
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Badar A, Ahmed A, Al-Tamimi DM, Isab AA, Altaf M, Ahmed S. Histological Changes in Renal, Hepatic and Cardiac Tissues of Wistar Rats after 6 Weeks Treatment with Bipyridine Gold (III) Complex with Dithiocarbamate Ligands. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101530. [PMID: 34683832 PMCID: PMC8539664 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipyridine gold (III) dithiocarbamate compounds are Gold-III complexes with promising cytotoxic properties. In this study, the subacute toxicity of a Gold (III) complex with dithiocarbamate ligand was evaluated. In the acute toxicity component, an initial LD50 (38.46 mg/kg) was calculated by the administration of 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg of the compound to five groups of rats, respectively (n = 4 each). The sixth group was the control. The sub-acute toxicity component comprised the control group A (n = 6) and the study groups B (n = 10) and C (n = 4), which were administered 1 mL distilled water, 1/10 LD50 (3.8 mg/kg), and 1/5 LD50 (7.6 mg/kg), respectively, daily for 6 weeks. The alive animals were then sacrificed. Autopsy; preservation of renal, hepatic and cardiac tissue in buffered formalin; histopathological processing; microscopic evaluation; and comparison with the controls were sequentially conducted. In the subacute toxicity study at dosages of 3.8 mg/kg and 7.6 mg/kg, the renal tubules remained unaffected with no necrosis or vacuolization. Mild to moderate renal interstitial, hepatic capsular, lobular and portal inflammation along with mild focal hepatic vacuolization were present. At 3.8 mg/kg, the cardiac muscle fibers were unremarkable in 80% (n = 8) of the specimens, with mild focal hyalinization in 20% (n = 2) of the specimens. The same was observed in 50% (n = 2) of the specimens at 7.6 mg/kg. Variable congestion was evident in all of the groups. In the subacute toxicity study, the absence of renal tubular necrosis or vacuolization, the presence of mild inflammatory hepatic and renal alterations, and predominantly unremarkable cardiac muscle fibers suggest that Bipyridine gold (III)-dithiocarbamate is safe in animal studies and is a potential candidate for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Badar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Ayesha Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (D.M.A.-T.)
| | - Dalal M. Al-Tamimi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (D.M.A.-T.)
| | - Anvarhusein A. Isab
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muhammad Altaf
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Sania Ahmed
- Army Medical College, Abid Majeed Road, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan;
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7
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Babak MV, Chong KR, Rapta P, Zannikou M, Tang HM, Reichert L, Chang MR, Kushnarev V, Heffeter P, Meier‐Menches SM, Lim ZC, Yap JY, Casini A, Balyasnikova IV, Ang WH. Interfering with Metabolic Profile of Triple‐Negative Breast Cancers Using Rationally Designed Metformin Prodrugs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria V. Babak
- Drug Discovery Lab Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong 83 Tat Chee Avenue 999077 Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Kai Ren Chong
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 2 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Peter Rapta
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemistry Physics Slovak Technical University of Technology Radlinského 9 82137 Bratislava Slovak Republic
| | - Markella Zannikou
- Department of Neurological Surgery The Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL 60611 USA
| | - Hui Min Tang
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 2 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Lisa Reichert
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 2 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Meng Rui Chang
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 2 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Vladimir Kushnarev
- FSBI “National Medical Research Center of Oncology, named after N.N Petrov” Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation 68 Leningradskaya Street, Pesochny 197758 St Petersburg Russian Federation
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center Department of Medicine I Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
| | | | - Zhi Chiaw Lim
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 2 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Jian Yu Yap
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 2 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Angela Casini
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstr. 4 85748 Garching, München Germany
| | - Irina V. Balyasnikova
- Department of Neurological Surgery The Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL 60611 USA
| | - Wee Han Ang
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 2 117543 Singapore Singapore
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8
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Babak MV, Chong KR, Rapta P, Zannikou M, Tang HM, Reichert L, Chang MR, Kushnarev V, Heffeter P, Meier-Menches SM, Lim ZC, Yap JY, Casini A, Balyasnikova IV, Ang WH. Interfering with Metabolic Profile of Triple-Negative Breast Cancers Using Rationally Designed Metformin Prodrugs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13405-13413. [PMID: 33755286 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer, characterized by an aberrant metabolic phenotype with high metastatic capacity, resulting in poor patient prognoses and low survival rates. We designed a series of novel AuIII cyclometalated prodrugs of energy-disrupting Type II antidiabetic drugs namely, metformin and phenformin. Prodrug activation and release of the metformin ligand was achieved by tuning the cyclometalated AuIII fragment. The lead complex 3met was 6000-fold more cytotoxic compared to uncoordinated metformin and significantly reduced tumor burden in mice with aggressive breast cancers with lymphocytic infiltration into tumor tissues. These effects was ascribed to 3met interfering with energy production in TNBCs and inhibiting associated pro-survival responses to induce deadly metabolic catastrophe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Babak
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Kai Ren Chong
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter Rapta
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemistry Physics, Slovak Technical University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 82137, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Markella Zannikou
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Hui Min Tang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lisa Reichert
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Meng Rui Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vladimir Kushnarev
- FSBI "National Medical Research Center of Oncology, named after N.N Petrov", Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 68 Leningradskaya Street, Pesochny, 197758, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Samuel M Meier-Menches
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zhi Chiaw Lim
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jian Yu Yap
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Angela Casini
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching, München, Germany
| | - Irina V Balyasnikova
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Wee Han Ang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
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van der Westhuizen D, Slabber CA, Fernandes MA, Joubert DF, Kleinhans G, van der Westhuizen CJ, Stander A, Munro OQ, Bezuidenhout DI. A Cytotoxic Bis(1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene)carbazolide Gold(III) Complex Targets DNA by Partial Intercalation. Chemistry 2021; 27:8295-8307. [PMID: 33822431 PMCID: PMC8251726 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses of bis(triazolium)carbazole precursors and their corresponding coinage metal (Au, Ag) complexes are reported. For alkylated triazolium salts, di- or tetranuclear complexes with bridging ligands were isolated, while the bis(aryl) analogue afforded a bis(carbene) AuI -CNC pincer complex suitable for oxidation to the redox-stable [AuIII (CNC)Cl]+ cation. Although the ligand salt and the [AuIII (CNC)Cl]+ complex were both notably cytotoxic toward the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231, the AuIII complex was somewhat more selective. Electrophoresis, viscometry, UV-vis, CD and LD spectroscopy suggest the cytotoxic [AuIII (CNC)Cl]+ complex behaves as a partial DNA intercalator. In silico screening indicated that the [AuIII (CNC)Cl]+ complex can target DNA three-way junctions with good specificity, several other regular B-DNA forms, and Z-DNA. Multiple hydrophobic π-type interactions involving T and A bases appear to be important for B-form DNA binding, while phosphate O⋅⋅⋅Au interactions evidently underpin Z-DNA binding. The CNC ligand effectively stabilizes the AuIII ion, preventing reduction in the presence of glutathione. Both the redox stability and DNA affinity of the hit compound might be key factors underpinning its cytotoxicity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cathryn A. Slabber
- Molecular Sciences InstituteSchool of ChemistryUniversity of the Witwatersrand2050JohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Manuel A. Fernandes
- Molecular Sciences InstituteSchool of ChemistryUniversity of the Witwatersrand2050JohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Daniël F. Joubert
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Pretoria0031PretoriaSouth Africa
| | - George Kleinhans
- Molecular Sciences InstituteSchool of ChemistryUniversity of the Witwatersrand2050JohannesburgSouth Africa
- Chemistry DepartmentUniversity of Pretoria0028PretoriaSouth Africa
| | - C. Johan van der Westhuizen
- Chemistry DepartmentUniversity of Pretoria0028PretoriaSouth Africa
- Future Production: ChemicalsPharmaceutical Technologies Research GroupCouncil for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)0184PretoriaSouth Africa
| | - André Stander
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Pretoria0031PretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Orde Q. Munro
- Molecular Sciences InstituteSchool of ChemistryUniversity of the Witwatersrand2050JohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Daniela I. Bezuidenhout
- Molecular Sciences InstituteSchool of ChemistryUniversity of the Witwatersrand2050JohannesburgSouth Africa
- Laboratory of Inorganic ChemistryEnvironmental and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Oulu3000OuluFinland
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10
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Kim JH, Ofori S, Parkin S, Vekaria H, Sullivan PG, Awuah SG. Anticancer gold(iii)-bisphosphine complex alters the mitochondrial electron transport chain to induce in vivo tumor inhibition. Chem Sci 2021; 12:7467-7479. [PMID: 34163837 PMCID: PMC8171344 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01418h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Expanding the chemical diversity of metal complexes provides a robust platform to generate functional bioactive reagents. To access an excellent repository of metal-based compounds for probe/drug discovery, we capitalized on the rich chemistry of gold to create organometallic gold(iii) compounds by ligand tuning. We obtained novel organogold(iii) compounds bearing a 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene ligand, providing structural diversity with optimal physiological stability. Biological evaluation of the lead compound AuPhos-89 demonstrates mitochondrial complex I-mediated alteration of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) to drive respiration and diminish cellular energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mechanism-of-action efforts, RNA-Seq, quantitative proteomics, and NCI-60 screening reveal a highly potent anticancer agent that modulates mitochondrial ETC. AuPhos-89 inhibits the tumor growth of metastatic triple negative breast cancer and represents a new strategy to study the modulation of mitochondrial respiration for the treatment of aggressive cancer and other disease states where mitochondria play a pivotal role in the pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40506 USA
| | - Samuel Ofori
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40506 USA
| | - Sean Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40506 USA
| | - Hemendra Vekaria
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky USA
| | - Patrick G Sullivan
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky USA
- Lexington Veterans' Affairs Healthcare System USA
| | - Samuel G Awuah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40506 USA
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky 40536 USA
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11
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Solvi TN, Reiersølmoen AC, Orthaber A, Fiksdahl A. Studies towards Pyridine‐Based
N,N,O
‐Gold(III) Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization and Application. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Nordbø Solvi
- Department of Chemistry Norwegian University of Science and Technology Høgskoleringen 5 7491 Trondheim Norway
| | - Ann Christin Reiersølmoen
- Department of Chemistry Norwegian University of Science and Technology Høgskoleringen 5 7491 Trondheim Norway
| | - Andreas Orthaber
- Department of Organic Chemistry ‐ Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University Lägerhyddsvägen 1 751 20 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Anne Fiksdahl
- Department of Chemistry Norwegian University of Science and Technology Høgskoleringen 5 7491 Trondheim Norway
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12
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Synthesis, characterization and anticancer activity in vitro evaluation of novel dicyanoaurate (I)-based complexes. Life Sci 2020; 251:117635. [PMID: 32272179 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Molecular structures containing gold, such as auranofin, have been extensively studied in the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases, including cancer treatment. The pharmacological properties of the newly synthesized unique gold-ligand structures have been reported for different cancer cell lines. However, findings on bishydeten-metal salt complexes with gold are rare. In this work, the synthesis of five novel cyanide-bridged coordination compounds having the closed formulae [Ni(bishydeten)][Au(CN)2]2 (1), [Cu(bishydeten)][Au(CN)2]2 (2), [Zn(bishydeten)2Au3(CN)4][Au2(CN)3] (3), [Cd(bishydeten)0,5]2[Au(CN)2]4.2H2O (4), and [Cd(bishydeten)2][Au(CN)2]2 (5) (where bisyhdeten = N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylene diamine), and their characterization by elemental, infrared, ESI-MS, X-ray (for 2) and thermic measurement methods were performed. Complexes 1 and 3 are thermally more stable than the other three complexes. For these, pharmacological adequacies were also tested. The nucleic acid and protein binding affinities of the Au (I) compounds were also estimated by spectroscopic and electrophoretic techniques. Au (I) complexes were identified as strong chemotherapeutic with mild cytotoxicity, and they demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibition on the growth of cancer cells with IC50 at 0.11 to 0.47 μM. Investigation of mechanisms of action on cells revealed that Au (I) compounds managed to inhibit cell migration and led to a decrease in cytoskeletal proteins such as CK7 and CK20. However, Au (I) compounds failed to inhibit DNA topoisomerase I. Overall, and we suggest that potent antiproliferative activity, mild cytotoxicity, good solubility, and micromolar dosage of Au (I) compounds containing bisyhdeten-metal derivatives render them the potential focus of further studies as chemotherapeutic agents.
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13
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Reiersølmoen AC, Fiksdahl A. Pyridine- and Quinoline-Based Gold(III) Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Christin Reiersølmoen
- Department of Chemistry; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Høgskoleringen 5 7491 Trondheim Norway
| | - Anne Fiksdahl
- Department of Chemistry; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Høgskoleringen 5 7491 Trondheim Norway
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14
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Reddy TS, Pooja D, Privér SH, Luwor RB, Mirzadeh N, Ramesan S, Ramakrishna S, Karri S, Kuncha M, Bhargava SK. Potent and Selective Cytotoxic and Anti-inflammatory Gold(III) Compounds Containing Cyclometalated Phosphine Sulfide Ligands. Chemistry 2019; 25:14089-14100. [PMID: 31414501 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Four cycloaurated phosphine sulfide complexes, [Au{κ2 -2-C6 H4 P(S)Ph2 }2 ][AuX2 ] [X=Cl (2), Br (3), I (4)] and [Au{κ2 -2-C6 H4 P(S)Ph2 }2 ]PF6 (5), have been prepared and thoroughly characterized. The compounds were found to be stable under physiological-like conditions and showed excellent cytotoxicity against a broad range of cancer cell lines and remarkable cytotoxicity in 3D tumor spheroids. Mechanistic studies with cervical cancer (HeLa) cells indicated that the cytotoxic effects of the compounds involve the inhibition of thioredoxin reductase and induction of apoptosis through mitochondrial disruption. In vivo experiments in nude mice bearing HeLa xenografts showed that treatment with compounds 4 and 5 resulted in significant inhibition of tumor growth (35.8 and 46.9 %, respectively), better than that of cisplatin (29 %). The newly synthesized gold complexes were also evaluated for their in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity through the study of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages and carrageenan-induced hind paw edema in rats, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Srinivasa Reddy
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO BOX 2476, Melbourne, 3001, Australia
| | - Deep Pooja
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO BOX 2476, Melbourne, 3001, Australia.,Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Steven H Privér
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO BOX 2476, Melbourne, 3001, Australia
| | - Rodney B Luwor
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Nedaossadat Mirzadeh
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO BOX 2476, Melbourne, 3001, Australia
| | - Shwathy Ramesan
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Sistla Ramakrishna
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Shailaja Karri
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Madhusudana Kuncha
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Suresh K Bhargava
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO BOX 2476, Melbourne, 3001, Australia
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15
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Gukathasan S, Parkin S, Awuah SG. Cyclometalated Gold(III) Complexes Bearing DACH Ligands. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:9326-9340. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sailajah Gukathasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Sean Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Samuel G. Awuah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
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16
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Zaki M, Hairat S, Aazam ES. Scope of organometallic compounds based on transition metal-arene systems as anticancer agents: starting from the classical paradigm to targeting multiple strategies. RSC Adv 2019; 9:3239-3278. [PMID: 35518979 PMCID: PMC9060267 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07926a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of the clinically approved drug cisplatin started a new era in the design of metallodrugs for cancer chemotherapy. However, to date, there has not been much success in this field due to the persistence of some side effects and multi-drug resistance of cancer cells. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the design of metal chemotherapeutics using organometallic complexes due to their good stability and unique properties in comparison to normal coordination complexes. Their intermediate properties between that of traditional inorganic and organic materials provide researchers with a new platform for the development of more promising cancer therapeutics. Classical metal-based drugs exert their therapeutic potential by targeting only DNA, but in the case of organometallic complexes, their molecular target is quite distinct to avoid drug resistance by cancer cells. Some organometallic drugs act by targeting a protein or inhibition of enzymes such as thioredoxin reductase (TrRx), while some target mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. In this review, we mainly discuss organometallic complexes of Ru, Ti, Au, Fe and Os and their mechanisms of action and how new approaches improve their therapeutic potential towards various cancer phenotypes. Herein, we discuss the role of structure-reactivity relationships in enhancing the anticancer potential of drugs for the benefit of humans both in vitro and in vivo. Besides, we also include in vivo tumor models that mimic human physiology to accelerate the development of more efficient clinical organometallic chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehvash Zaki
- Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudia Arabia +91 8979086156, +966 561835672
| | - Suboot Hairat
- Department of Biotechnology, Wachemo University Hossana Ethiopia
| | - Elham S Aazam
- Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudia Arabia +91 8979086156, +966 561835672
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17
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Ahmed A, Alkhawajah AMM, Al-Tamimi DM, Shawarby MA, Isab AA, Badar A. Biological alterations in renal and hepatic tissues by a novel gold (III) anti-cancerous compound. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018; 21:1064-1072. [PMID: 30524681 PMCID: PMC6281062 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2018.28622.6935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): Newer organo-metallic, specifically gold (III) complexes with multiple ligands are currently being formulated with primary focus of having increased anti-cancerous properties and decreased cytotoxicity. In this study, histological toxicity profile of a newly formulated anti-cancerous gold (III) compound [trans-(±)-1,2-(DACH)2Au]Cl3 Bis(trans-1,2-Diaminocyclohexane) was investigated by evaluation of kidney and liver tissues of rats treated by the compound. Materials and Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study. In acute toxicity component of the study, (n = 16) male rats weighing between 200–250 g were administered single, variable concentration of the gold (III) compound, [trans-(±)-1,2-(DACH)2Au]Cl3 Bis(trans-1,2-Diaminocyclohexane) to determine LD50 (dose that is lethal to 50% of rats). An IP injection of 2.3 mg/kg (equivalent to 1/10 of LD50) was injected for 14 consecutive days to (n=10) male rats in the sub-acute component of the study. Autopsy preservation of liver and kidney tissue in buffered formalin, sample processing, histopathological evaluation, and comparison with unremarkable controls (n=5) was conducted sequentially. Results: A dose of 2.3 mg/kg did not produce any tubular necrosis in kidney specimens. Mild interstitial inflammation with prominence of plasma cells was the main histological alteration. Plasmacytic pyelitis was also seen. Varying extents of cytoplasmic vacuolization and mild focal lobular and portal inflammation were predominant hepatic microscopic findings. Conclusion: [trans-(±)-1,2-(DACH)2Au]Cl3 Bis(trans-1,2-Diaminocyclohexane) produced no histological damage in renal and hepatic tissues of rats. This very limited sample animal-based study points to the relative safety of this new gold compound. However, there is a need to compare this compound with established drugs in a comparative non-animal based study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University and King Fahd Hospital of the University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Dalal M Al-Tamimi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University and King Fahd Hospital of the University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Shawarby
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University and King Fahd Hospital of the University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anvarhusein A Isab
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Badar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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18
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New bio-sensitive and biologically active single crystal of pyrimidine scaffold ligand and its gold and platinum complexes: DFT, antimicrobial, antioxidant, DNA interaction, molecular docking with DNA/BSA and anticancer studies. Bioorg Chem 2018; 81:144-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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19
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Carboni S, Zucca A, Stoccoro S, Maiore L, Arca M, Ortu F, Artner C, Keppler BK, Meier-Menches SM, Casini A, Cinellu MA. New Variations on the Theme of Gold(III) C ∧N ∧N Cyclometalated Complexes as Anticancer Agents: Synthesis and Biological Characterization. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:14852-14865. [PMID: 30457328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel (C∧N∧N) cyclometalated AuIII complexes of general formula [Au(bipydmb-H)X][PF6] (bipydmb-H = C∧N∧N cyclometalated 6-(1,1-dimethylbenzyl)-2,2'-bipyridine) were prepared with a range of anionic ligands X in the fourth coordination position, featuring C (alkynyl)-, N-, O-, or S-donor atoms. The X ligands are varied in nature and include three coumarins, 4-ethynylaniline, saccharine, and thio-β-d-glucose tetraacetate, the tripeptide glutathione (GSH), and a coumarin-substituted amide derived from 4-ethynylaniline. The gold(I) complex [Au(C2ArNHCOQ)(PPh3)] (HC2ArNHCOQ = N-(4-ethynylphenyl)-2-oxo-2 H-chromene-3-carboxamide) was also prepared for comparison. The new compounds were fully characterized by means of analytical techniques, including NMR, absorption, and emission spectroscopy. The crystal structures of three cyclometalated AuIII complexes and of the AuI derivative were solved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The antiproliferative activity of the new AuIII cyclometalated derivatives was evaluated against cancer cells in vitro. According to the obtained results, only complexes 3-PF6 and 5-PF6, featuring coumarins as ancillary ligands and endowed with high redox stability in solution, display antiproliferative effects, with 5-PF6 being the most potent, while all of the others are scarcely active to nonactive in the selected cell lines. In order to study the reactivity of the compounds with biomolecules, the interaction of complexes 3-PF6 and 5-PF6 with the protein cytochrome c and the amino acids cysteine and histidine was analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS), showing adduct formation only with Cys after at least 1 h incubation. Furthermore, the parent hydroxo complex [Au(bipydmb-H)(OH)][PF6] (1OH-PF6) was investigated in a competitive assay to determine the protein vs oligonucleotide binding preferences by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) coupled to ESI-MS. Of note, the compound was found to selectively form adducts with the oligonucleotide over the protein upon ligand exchange with the hydroxido ligand. Adduct formation occurred within the first 10 min of incubation, demonstrating the preference of 1OH-PF6 for nucleotides in this setup. Overall, the obtained results point toward the possibility to selectively target DNA with gold(III) organometallics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Carboni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia , Università degli Studi di Sassari , via Vienna 2 , 07100 Sassari , Italy
| | - Antonio Zucca
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia , Università degli Studi di Sassari , via Vienna 2 , 07100 Sassari , Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario Reattività Chimica e Catalisi (CIRCC) , 70126 Bari , Italy
| | - Sergio Stoccoro
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia , Università degli Studi di Sassari , via Vienna 2 , 07100 Sassari , Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario Reattività Chimica e Catalisi (CIRCC) , 70126 Bari , Italy
| | - Laura Maiore
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia , Università degli Studi di Sassari , via Vienna 2 , 07100 Sassari , Italy
| | - Massimiliano Arca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche , Università degli Studi di Cagliari , S. S. 554-bivio per Sestu , 09042 - Monserrato ( Cagliari ), Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ortu
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , M13 9PL Manchester , United Kingdom
| | - Christian Artner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , University of Vienna , Waehringer Straße 42 , 1090 Vienna , Austria.,Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research" , University of Vienna , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Bernhard K Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , University of Vienna , Waehringer Straße 42 , 1090 Vienna , Austria.,Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research" , University of Vienna , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Samuel M Meier-Menches
- Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research" , University of Vienna , 1090 Vienna , Austria.,Department of Analytical Chemistry , University of Vienna , Waehringer Straße 38 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Angela Casini
- School of Chemistry , Cardiff University , Main Building, Park Place , CF10 3AT Cardiff , United Kingdom
| | - Maria Agostina Cinellu
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia , Università degli Studi di Sassari , via Vienna 2 , 07100 Sassari , Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario Reattività Chimica e Catalisi (CIRCC) , 70126 Bari , Italy
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20
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Laws K, Suntharalingam K. The Next Generation of Anticancer Metallopharmaceuticals: Cancer Stem Cell-Active Inorganics. Chembiochem 2018; 19:2246-2253. [PMID: 30109911 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are heavily linked to fatal incidences of cancer relapse and metastasis. Conventional cancer therapies such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiation are largely futile against CSCs. Therefore, highly original approaches are needed to overcome CSCs and to provide durable, long-term clinical outcomes. Many academia- and pharmaceutical-led studies aimed at developing chemical or biological anti-CSC agents are ongoing; however, the application of inorganic compounds is rare. In this minireview, we discuss how the chemical diversity and versatility offered by metals has been harnessed to develop an unprecedented, emerging class of metallopharmaceuticals: CSC-active inorganics. A detailed account of their mechanism(s) of action is provided, and possible future directions for exploration are also put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Laws
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, Trinity Street, London, SE1 1DB, UK
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21
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Bertrand B, Williams MRM, Bochmann M. Gold(III) Complexes for Antitumor Applications: An Overview. Chemistry 2018; 24:11840-11851. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Bertrand
- School of ChemistryUniversity of East Anglia Norwich NR4 7TJ United Kingdom
- Sorbonne UniversitésUPMC Univ Paris 06CNRSInstitut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM) 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | | | - Manfred Bochmann
- School of ChemistryUniversity of East Anglia Norwich NR4 7TJ United Kingdom
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22
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Chipman A, Gouranourimi A, Farshadfar K, Olding A, Yates BF, Ariafard A. A Computational Mechanistic Investigation into Reduction of Gold(III) Complexes by Amino Acid Glycine: A New Variant for Amine Oxidation. Chemistry 2018; 24:8361-8368. [PMID: 29655208 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) was utilized to explore the reduction of gold(III) complexes by the amino acid glycine (Gly). Interestingly, when the nitrogen atom of Gly coordinates to the gold(III) center, its Cα -hydrogen atom becomes so acidic that it can be easily deprotonated by a mild base like water. The deprotonation converts the amino acid into a potent reductant by which gold(III) is reduced to gold(I) with a moderate activation energy. To our knowledge, this is the first contribution suggesting that primary amines are oxidized to imines via direct α-carbon deprotonation. This finding may provide new insights into the mechanistic interpretation of amine oxidations catalyzed/mediated by a center with high cathodic reduction potential. This work also provides a rationalization behind why gold(III) complexes with amine-based polydentate ligands are reluctant to undergo a redox process. Gold(III) reduction occurs most efficiently if the Cα proton leaves in the plane of the Cα , N and Au atoms. Chelation prevents this alignment, resulting in the gold(III) complex being unreactive toward reduction. It has been experimentally found that gold(III) is capable of oxidizing Gly to glyoxylic acid (GA) as the initial product. The latter, in the presence of another gold(III) complex, has been reported to undergo oxidative decarboxylation to afford CO2 and HCOOH. This process is found to be mediated by formation of a geminal diol intermediate produced by reaction of water with the aldehyde functional group of the coordinated GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony Chipman
- School of Physical Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Ali Gouranourimi
- School of Physical Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Kaveh Farshadfar
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Shohrak Gharb, Tehran, Iran
| | - Angus Olding
- School of Physical Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Brian F Yates
- School of Physical Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Alireza Ariafard
- School of Physical Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia.,Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Shohrak Gharb, Tehran, Iran
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23
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Patanjali P, Kumar R, Sourabh, Kumar A, Chaudhary P, Singh R. Reviewing Gold(III) complexes as effective biological operators. MAIN GROUP CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.3233/mgc-180247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Patanjali
- Department of Chemistry, Material/Organometallics Laboratory, Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College, University of Delhi, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Material/Organometallics Laboratory, Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College, University of Delhi, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
| | - Sourabh
- Department of Chemistry, Material/Organometallics Laboratory, Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College, University of Delhi, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Material/Organometallics Laboratory, Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College, University of Delhi, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
| | - Pratibha Chaudhary
- Maitreyi College, University of Delhi, Bapudham Complex, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajeev Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Material/Organometallics Laboratory, Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College, University of Delhi, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
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Tabrizi L, Chiniforoshan H. New Ru II pincer complexes: synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation for photodynamic therapy. Dalton Trans 2018; 45:18333-18345. [PMID: 27805201 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03502g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Three new ruthenium(ii) complexes of NCN pincer and phenylcyanamide derivative ligands of the formula [Ru(L)(Ph2phen)(3,5-(NO2)2pcyd)], 1, [Ru(L)(Me2phen)(3,5-(NO2)2pcyd)], 2, and [Ru(L)(Cl2phen)(3,5-(NO2)2pcyd)], 3 (HL: 5-methoxy-1,3-bis(1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)benzene, 3,5-(NO2)2pcyd: 3,5-(NO2)2pcyd, Ph2phen: 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, Me2phen: 4,7-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, Cl2phen: 4,7-dichloro-1,10-phenanthroline) have been synthesized and studied as potential photosensitizers (PSs) in photodynamic therapy (PDT). The complexes exhibited promising 1O2 production quantum yields comparable with PSs available on the market. The DNA-binding interactions of the complexes with calf thymus DNA have been studied by absorption, emission, and viscosity measurements. All complexes cleave SC-DNA efficiently on photoactivation at 350 nm with the formation of singlet oxygen (1O2) and hydroxyl radicals (˙OH) in type-II and photoredox pathways. Complexes 1-3 showed very good uptake in cervical cancer cells (HeLa). The compounds studied were found to exhibit low toxicity against HeLa cells (IC50 > 300 μM) and, remarkably, on non-cancerous MRC-5 cells (IC50 > 100 μM) in the dark. However, 1 showed very promising behavior with an increment of about 90 times, in its cytotoxicity upon light illumination at 420 nm in addition to very good human plasma stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Tabrizi
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Hossein Chiniforoshan
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
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25
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Liang JX, Zhong HJ, Yang G, Vellaisamy K, Ma DL, Leung CH. Recent development of transition metal complexes with in vivo antitumor activity. J Inorg Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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26
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Jürgens S, Scalcon V, Estrada-Ortiz N, Folda A, Tonolo F, Jandl C, Browne DL, Rigobello MP, Kühn FE, Casini A. Exploring the C^N^C theme: Synthesis and biological properties of tridentate cyclometalated gold(III) complexes. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:5452-5460. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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27
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Bestgen S, Seidl C, Wiesner T, Zimmer A, Falk M, Köberle B, Austeri M, Paradies J, Bräse S, Schepers U, Roesky PW. Double-Strand DNA Breaks Induced by Paracyclophane Gold(I) Complexes. Chemistry 2017; 23:6315-6322. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Bestgen
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Engesserstraße 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Carmen Seidl
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Thomas Wiesner
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Andreas Zimmer
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Martina Falk
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Beate Köberle
- Institute of Applied Biosciences; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Adenauerring 20 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Martina Austeri
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Jan Paradies
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Paderborn University; Warburger Str. 100 33098 Paderborn Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Ute Schepers
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Peter W. Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Engesserstraße 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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Gaiddon C, Pfeffer M. The Fate of Cycloruthenated Compounds: From C-H Activation to Innovative Anticancer Therapy. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201601216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gaiddon
- University of Strasbourg; U1113 Inserm; 3 av. Molière 67200 Strasbourg France
| | - Michel Pfeffer
- University of Strasbourg; UMR 7177 CNRS; 4, rue Blaise Pascal 67000 Strasbourg France
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29
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Sun RWY, Zhang M, Li D, Li M, Wong AST. Enhanced anti-cancer activities of a gold(III) pyrrolidinedithiocarbamato complex incorporated in a biodegradable metal-organic framework. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 163:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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30
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Serra J, Parella T, Ribas X. Au(iii)-aryl intermediates in oxidant-free C-N and C-O cross-coupling catalysis. Chem Sci 2016; 8:946-952. [PMID: 28572904 PMCID: PMC5452266 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc03699f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Au(iii)-aryl species have been crystallographically isolated as reactive intermediates in oxidant-free C–O and C–N cross coupling processes, using aromatic and aliphatic alcohols and amines, as well as water and amides, as nucleophiles.
Au(iii)-aryl species have been unequivocally identified as reactive intermediates in oxidant-free C–O and C–N cross coupling catalysis. The crystal structures of cyclometalated neutral and cationic Au(iii) species are described and their key role in 2 electron-redox Au(i)/Au(iii) catalysis in C–O and C–N cross couplings is shown. Nucleophiles compatible with Au-catalyzed cross couplings include aromatic and aliphatic alcohols and amines, as well as water and amides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Serra
- QBIS-CAT Group , Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) , Departament de Química , Universitat de Girona , Campus Montilivi , Girona , E-17003 , Catalonia , Spain .
| | - Teodor Parella
- Servei de RMN , Facultat de Cieǹcies , Universitat Autoǹoma de Barcelona , Campus UAB , Bellaterra E-08193 , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Xavi Ribas
- QBIS-CAT Group , Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) , Departament de Química , Universitat de Girona , Campus Montilivi , Girona , E-17003 , Catalonia , Spain .
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31
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Camarada MB, Echeverria C, Ramirez-Tagle R. Medicinal organometallic compounds with anti-chagasic activity. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6md00200e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD) is one of the most important neglected tropical disorders, being a major health concern in Latin America.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cesar Echeverria
- Laboratorio de Bionanotecnología
- Universidad Bernardo O Higgins
- Santiago
- Chile
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32
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Ortego L, Meireles M, Kasper C, Laguna A, Villacampa MD, Gimeno MC. Group 11 complexes with amino acid derivatives: Synthesis and antitumoral studies. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 156:133-44. [PMID: 26780577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Gold(I), gold(III), silver(I) and copper(I) complexes with modified amino acid esters and phosphine ligands have been prepared in order to test their cytotoxic activity. Two different phosphine fragments, PPh3 and PPh2py (py=pyridine), have been used. The amino acid esters have been modified by introducing an aromatic amine as pyridine that coordinates metal fragments through the nitrogen atom, giving complexes of the type [M(L)(PR3)](+) or [AuCl3(L)] (L=l-valine-N-(4-pyridylcarbonyl) methyl ester (L1), l-alanine-N-(4-pyridylcarbonyl) methyl ester (L2), l-phenylalanine-N-(4-pyridylcarbonyl) methyl-ester) (L3); M=Au(I), Ag(I), Cu(I), PR3=PPh3, PPh2py). The in vitro cytotoxic activity of metal complexes was tested against four tumor human cell lines and one tumor mouse cell line. A metabolic activity test (3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide, MTT) was used and IC50 values were compared with those obtained for cisplatin. Several complexes displayed significant cytotoxic activities. In order to determine whether antiproliferation and cell death are associated with apoptosis, NIH-3T3 cells were exposed to five selected complexes (Annexin V+ FITC, PI) and analyzed by flow cytometry. These experiments showed that the mechanism by which the complexes inhibit cell proliferation inducing cell death in NIH-3T3 cells is mainly apoptotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Ortego
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Margarida Meireles
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica e Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cornelia Kasper
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute for Applied Microbiology, University of Material Resource and Life Science, Muthgasse 18, 1180, Vienna, Austria
| | - Antonio Laguna
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Dolores Villacampa
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - M Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
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33
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Hu D, Liu Y, Lai YT, Tong KC, Fung YM, Lok CN, Che CM. Anticancer Gold(III) Porphyrins Target Mitochondrial Chaperone Hsp60. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:1387-91. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201509612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Chemical Biology Center, and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Yungen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Chemical Biology Center, and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Yau-Tsz Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Chemical Biology Center, and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Ka-Chung Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Chemical Biology Center, and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Yi-Man Fung
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Chemical Biology Center, and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Chun-Nam Lok
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Chemical Biology Center, and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Chemical Biology Center, and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong Hong Kong
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34
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Hu D, Liu Y, Lai YT, Tong KC, Fung YM, Lok CN, Che CM. Anticancer Gold(III) Porphyrins Target Mitochondrial Chaperone Hsp60. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201509612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Chemical Biology Center, and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Yungen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Chemical Biology Center, and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Yau-Tsz Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Chemical Biology Center, and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Ka-Chung Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Chemical Biology Center, and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Yi-Man Fung
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Chemical Biology Center, and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Chun-Nam Lok
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Chemical Biology Center, and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Chemical Biology Center, and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong Hong Kong
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35
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Hassan F, Hameed AA, Alshanon A, Abdullah BM, Huri HZ, Hairunisa N, Yousif E. Antitumor Activity for Gold (III) Complex by High Content Screening Technique (HCS) and Cell Viability Assay. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/ajb.2015.252.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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36
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Lin CY, Henderson W, Nicholson BK. X-ray structure of an amide-appended chloromercurated derivative of 2-phenylquinoline. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476615050182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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37
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Synthesis, characterization and theoretical calculations of (1,2-diaminocyclohexane)(1,3-diaminopropane)gold(III) chloride complexes: in vitro cytotoxic evaluations against human cancer cell lines. Biometals 2015; 28:827-44. [PMID: 26099502 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-015-9869-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The gold(III) complexes of the type (1,2-diaminocyclohexane)(1,3-diaminopropane)gold(III) chloride, [(DACH)Au(pn)]Cl3, [where DACH = cis-, trans-1,2- and S,S-1,2-diaminocyclohexane and pn = 1,3-diaminopropane] have been synthesized and characterized using various spectroscopic and analytical techniques including elemental analysis, UV-Vis and FTIR spectroscopy; solution as well as solid-state NMR measurements. The solid-state (13)C NMR shows that 1,2-diaminocyclohexane (1,2-DACH) and 1,3-diaminopropane (pn) are strongly bound to the gold(III) center via N donor atoms. The stability of the mixed diamine ligand gold(III) was checked by UV-Vis spectroscopy and NMR measurements. The molecular structure of compound 1 (containing cis-1,2-DACH) was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The structure of 1 consists of [(cis-DACH)Au(pn)](3+) complex ion and chloride counter ions. Each gold atom in the complex ion adopts a distorted square-planar geometry. The structural details and relative stabilities of the four possible isomers of the complexes were also estimated at the B3LYP/LANL2DZ level of theoretical calculations. The computational study demonstrates that trans- conformations are slightly more stable than the cis- conformations. The antiproliferative effects and cytotoxic properties of the mixed ligand gold(III) complexes were evaluated in vitro on human gastric SGC7901 and prostate PC3 cancer cells using MTT assay. The antiproliferative study of the gold(III) complexes on PC3 and SGC7901 cells indicate that complex 3 (containing 1S,2S-(+)-1,2-(DACH)) is the most effective antiproliferative agent. The IC50 data reveal that the in vitro cytotoxicity of complex 3 against SGC7901 cancer cells manifested similar and very pronounced cytotoxic effects with respect to cisplatin. Moreover, the electrochemical behavior, and the interaction of complex 3 with two well-known model proteins, namely, hen egg white lysozyme and bovine serum albumin is also reported.
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38
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39
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Zou T, Lum CT, Lok CN, Zhang JJ, Che CM. Chemical biology of anticancer gold(iii) and gold(i) complexes. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:8786-801. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00132c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Anticancer gold complexes, including their mechanisms of action and the approaches adopted to improve the anticancer efficiency are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials
- Chemical Biology Centre and Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
| | - Ching Tung Lum
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials
- Chemical Biology Centre and Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
| | - Chun-Nam Lok
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials
- Chemical Biology Centre and Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
| | - Jing-Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials
- Chemical Biology Centre and Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials
- Chemical Biology Centre and Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
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40
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Lammer AD, Cook ME, Sessler JL. Synthesis and anti-cancer activities of a water soluble gold(III) porphyrin. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2015; 19:398-403. [PMID: 25914517 PMCID: PMC4407279 DOI: 10.1142/s1088424615500236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Gold(III) compounds continue to be explored for their potential utility as anticancer agents. A recognized limitation is the reactivity of gold(III), which is typically reduced to the more labile gold(I) state under physiological conditions. The use of porphyrins can overcome this problem. However, to date the stabilization provided by the use a strongly chelating porphyrin is offset by the poor solubility of the resulting complex in aqueous media. In this work, we describe the synthesis and in vitro anti-cancer activity of a gold(III)porphyrin complex with relatively good aqueous solubility. As judged from standard antiproliferation assays, this complex displays an IC50 of 9 μM for the A2780 human ovarian cancer cell line. This is a higher level of potency than displayed by two related control systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D. Lammer
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th Street-A5300, Austin, TX 78712-1224, USA
| | - Melissa E. Cook
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th Street-A5300, Austin, TX 78712-1224, USA
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41
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Pantelić N, Stanojković TP, Zmejkovski BB, Sabo TJ, Kaluđerović GN. In vitro anticancer activity of gold(III) complexes with some esters of (S,S)-ethylenediamine-N,N'-di-2-propanoic acid. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 90:766-74. [PMID: 25528331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Five novel gold(III) complexes of general formulas [AuCl2{(S,S)-R2eddip}]PF6, ((S,S)-eddip = (S,S)-ethylenediamine-N,N'-di-2-propanoate, R = n-Bu, n-Pe, i-Bu, i-Am, cPe; 1-5, respectively) were synthesized and characterized by UV/Vis, IR and NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. DFT calculations indicated that (R,R)-N,N'-configuration diastereoisomers were the most stable for 1-5. 3 is stable in DMSO for at least 24 h, but immediate hydrolysis in PBS occurs. 3 is readily reduced with ascorbic acid and forms adducts with bovine serum albumin (BSA). In vitro anticancer activity of the gold(III) complexes against human cervix adenocarcinoma HeLa, human myelogenous leukemia K562, human melanoma Fem-x tumor cell lines, as well as against non-cancerous human embryonic lung fibroblast cell line MRC-5 was determined using MTT assay. Complex 4 showed highest activity and selectivity (IC50(Fem-x) = 1.3 ± 0.2; IC50(MRC-5)/IC50(Fem-x) = 72.5 ± 12.4), 4 times more active and 28 times more selective than cisplatin. Complexes induced apoptotic mode of death in a time-dependent manner in HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nebojša Pantelić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia
| | | | - Bojana B Zmejkovski
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Studenski Trg 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tibor J Sabo
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, P. O. Box 158, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Goran N Kaluđerović
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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In vivo SPECT imaging of tumors by 198,199Au-labeled graphene oxide nanostructures. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 45:196-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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43
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Omae I. Applications of five-membered ring products of cyclometalation reactions as anticancer agents. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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44
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Bertrand B, Casini A. A golden future in medicinal inorganic chemistry: the promise of anticancer gold organometallic compounds. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:4209-19. [PMID: 24225667 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52524d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
From wedding rings on fingers to stained glass windows, by way of Olympic medals, gold has been highly prized for millennia. Nowadays, organometallic gold compounds occupy an important place in the field of medicinal inorganic chemistry due to their unique chemical properties with respect to gold coordination compounds. In fact, several studies have proved that they can be used to develop highly efficient metal-based drugs with possible applications in the treatment of cancer. This Perspective summarizes the results obtained for different families of bioactive organometallic gold compounds including cyclometallated gold(iii) complexes with C,N-donor ligands, gold(I) and gold(I/III) N-heterocyclic (NHC) carbene complexes, as well as gold(I) alkynyl complexes, with promising anticancer effects. Most importantly, we will focus on recent developments in the field and discuss the potential of this class of organometallic compounds in relation to their versatile chemistry and innovative mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Bertrand
- Dept. Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
A number of gold(III) compounds has been designed with the objective of overcoming the disadvantages associated with the platinum-based drugs for cancer treatment. Compounds of a remarkable structural manifold show significant antiproliferative effects in vitro against a number of cancer cells, including cisplatin resistant ones. The target of most of them is, unlike that of cisplatin, not the DNA. Although the mechanisms of action displayed by the gold compounds in biological media are still under investigation, many studies show evidence that the cellular targets are mitochondria-based. Recent advances in gold(III) medicinal chemistry also recommend such compounds for other pharmacological applications such as the treatment of viral or parasitic diseases. The radioactive isotopes 198Au and 199Au present potential in radiotherapy.
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Inhibition of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase and cytotoxicity of a few selected gold(III) complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 140:228-35. [PMID: 25173578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase is in charge of maintaining the ionic and osmotic intracellular balance by using ATP as an energy source to drive excess Na(+) ions out of the cell in exchange for K(+) ions. We explored whether three representative cytotoxic gold(III) compounds might interfere with Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase and cause its inhibition at pharmacologically relevant concentrations. The tested complexes were [Au(bipy)(OH)2][PF6] (bipy=2,2'-bipyridine), [Au(py(dmb)-H)(CH3COO)2] (py(dmb)-H=deprotonated 6-(1,1-dimethylbenzyl)-pyridine), and [Au(bipy(dmb)-H)(OH)][PF6] (bipy(dmb)-H=deprotonated 6-(1,1-dimethylbenzyl)-2,2'-bipyridine). We found that all of them caused a pronounced and similar inhibition of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity. Inhibition was found to be non-competitive and reversible. Remarkably, treatment with cysteine resulted in reversal or prevention of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase inhibition. It is very likely that the described effects may contribute to the overall cytotoxic profile of these gold complexes.
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Cyclometallated gold(III) complexes with a trithiacrown ligand: Solventless Au(III) cyclometallation, intramolecular gold–sulfur interactions, and fluxional behavior in 1,4,7-trithiacyclononane Au(III) complexes. J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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48
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Křikavová R, Hošek J, Suchý P, Vančo J, Trávníček Z. Diverse in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of trichlorido-gold(III) complexes with N6-benzyladenine derivatives. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 134:92-9. [PMID: 24584156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of gold(III) complexes involving differently substituted derivatives of a plant hormone N6-benzyladenine (HL1-5) is reported. The complexes have the general formula [Au(HL1-5)Cl3]∙nH2O (n=0 for 1, 3-5; and n=1 for 2), where N6-(2-fluorobenzyl)adenine (HL1), N6-(2-chlorobenzyl)adenine (HL2), N6-(3-chlorobenzyl)adenine (HL3), N6-(4-chlorobenzyl)adenine (HL4) and N6-(4-methylbenzyl)adenine (HL5) represent the N9-coordinated ligands. The results of thorough characterization (elemental and thermal analyses, FT-IR, Raman and NMR spectroscopies, ESI+ mass spectrometry, conductivity measurements, DFT calculations) showed that the presented complexes 1-5 involve a central gold(III) atom coordinated in a square-planar geometry by the N9 atom of the purine moiety of HL1-5 and by three chlorido ligands. The complexes (1-5) were studied in vitro for cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activity on LPS-activated macrophages (THP-1 cell line), and in vivo for anti-inflammatory effects (1, 2, 5) using the carrageenan-induced hind paw oedema model on rats. Surprisingly, the results on the in vitro level revealed that the complexes show negligible cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activity, however, the activity on the in vivo level was found to be significant, fully comparable with the utilized drug Indomethacin, or even better as compared to a gold-containing metallodrug Auranofin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Křikavová
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, CZ-771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hošek
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, CZ-771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Suchý
- Department of Human Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1/3, CZ-612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ján Vančo
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, CZ-771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Trávníček
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, CZ-771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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49
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Al-Jaroudi SS, Monim-ul-Mehboob M, Altaf M, Fettouhi M, Wazeer MIM, Altuwaijri S, Isab AA. Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, X-ray structure and electrochemistry of new bis(1,2-diaminocyclohexane)gold(iii) chloride compounds and their anticancer activities against PC3 and SGC7901 cancer cell lines. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj01624b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Promising cytotoxic gold(iii) complexes with general formula [Au{(1,2-DACH)}2]Cl3 are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said S. Al-Jaroudi
- Department of Chemistry
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
- Dhahran 31261
- Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Monim-ul-Mehboob
- Department of Chemistry
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
- Dhahran 31261
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Altaf
- Department of Chemistry
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
- Dhahran 31261
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Fettouhi
- Department of Chemistry
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
- Dhahran 31261
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed I. M. Wazeer
- Department of Chemistry
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
- Dhahran 31261
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Altuwaijri
- Clinical Research Laboratory
- SAAD Research and Development Center
- SAAD Specialist Hospital
- Al-Khobar 31952
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Anvarhusein A. Isab
- Department of Chemistry
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
- Dhahran 31261
- Saudi Arabia
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50
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Lum CT, Wai-Yin Sun R, Zou T, Che CM. Gold(iii) complexes inhibit growth of cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer in association with upregulation of proapoptotic PMS2 gene. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc53203h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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