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Kajino K, Tokuda A, Saitoh T. Morphinan Evolution: The Impact of Advances in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. J Biochem 2024; 175:337-355. [PMID: 38382631 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvae021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Morphinan-based opioids, derived from natural alkaloids like morphine, codeine and thebaine, have long been pivotal in managing severe pain. However, their clinical utility is marred by significant side effects and high addiction potential. This review traces the evolution of the morphinan scaffold in light of advancements in biochemistry and molecular biology, which have expanded our understanding of opioid receptor pharmacology. We explore the development of semi-synthetic and synthetic morphinans, their receptor selectivity and the emergence of biased agonism as a strategy to dissociate analgesic properties from undesirable effects. By examining the molecular intricacies of opioid receptors and their signaling pathways, we highlight how receptor-type selectivity and signaling bias have informed the design of novel analgesics. This synthesis of historical and contemporary perspectives provides an overview of the morphinan landscape, underscoring the ongoing efforts to mitigate the problems facing opioids through smarter drug design. We also highlight that most morphinan derivatives show a preference for the G protein pathway, although detailed experimental comparisons are still necessary. This fact underscores the utility of the morphinan skeleton in future opioid drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Kajino
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Degree Programs in Pure and Applied Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Akihisa Tokuda
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Doctoral Program in Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Saitoh
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Doctoral Program in Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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Pan JB, Ji N, Pan W, Hong R, Wang H, Ji ZL. High-throughput identification of off-targets for the mechanistic study of severe adverse drug reactions induced by analgesics. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 274:24-34. [PMID: 24176876 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Drugs may induce adverse drug reactions (ADRs) when they unexpectedly bind to proteins other than their therapeutic targets. Identification of these undesired protein binding partners, called off-targets, can facilitate toxicity assessment in the early stages of drug development. In this study, a computational framework was introduced for the exploration of idiosyncratic mechanisms underlying analgesic-induced severe adverse drug reactions (SADRs). The putative analgesic-target interactions were predicted by performing reverse docking of analgesics or their active metabolites against human/mammal protein structures in a high-throughput manner. Subsequently, bioinformatics analyses were undertaken to identify ADR-associated proteins (ADRAPs) and pathways. Using the pathways and ADRAPs that this analysis identified, the mechanisms of SADRs such as cardiac disorders were explored. For instance, 53 putative ADRAPs and 24 pathways were linked with cardiac disorders, of which 10 ADRAPs were confirmed by previous experiments. Moreover, it was inferred that pathways such as base excision repair, glycolysis/glyconeogenesis, ErbB signaling, calcium signaling, and phosphatidyl inositol signaling likely play pivotal roles in drug-induced cardiac disorders. In conclusion, our framework offers an opportunity to globally understand SADRs at the molecular level, which has been difficult to realize through experiments. It also provides some valuable clues for drug repurposing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Bo Pan
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China
| | - Nan Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Stress Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Wen Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Stress Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Ru Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Stress Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China
| | - Zhi-Liang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Stress Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China; Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China.
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Tietze L, Redert T, Bell H, Hellkamp S, Levy L. Efficient Synthesis of the Structural Core of Tetracyclines by a Palladium-Catalyzed Domino Tsuji–Trost–Heck–Mizoroki Reaction. Chemistry 2008; 14:2527-35. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200701676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Hekking KF, Waalboer DC, Moelands MA, van Delft F, Rutjes FP. A Ring-Closing Metathesis Approach to Cyclic α,β-Dehydroamino Acids. Adv Synth Catal 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200700308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Dondio G, Ronzoni S, Petrillo P. Non-peptide δ opioid agonists and antagonists (Part II). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.9.4.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Nakata N, Takeda N, Tokitoh N. Synthesis and Properties of the First Stable Neutral Germaaromatic Compound, 2-{2,4,6-Tris- [bis-(trimethylsilyl)methyl]phenyl}-2-germanaphthalene. Organometallics 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/om020879m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norio Nakata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Takeda
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Norihiro Tokitoh
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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Nakata N, Takeda N, Tokitoh N. Synthesis and Structure of a Kinetically Stabilized 2-Germanaphthalene: The First Stable Neutral Germaaromatic Compound. Organometallics 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/om010881y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norio Nakata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Takeda
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Norihiro Tokitoh
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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Balboni G, Salvadori S, Guerrini R, Bianchi C, Santagada V, Calliendo G, Bryant SD, Lazarus LH. Opioid pseudopeptides containing heteroaromatic or heteroaliphatic nuclei. Peptides 2000; 21:1663-71. [PMID: 11090920 DOI: 10.1016/s0196-9781(00)00315-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In lieu of H-Dmt-Tic-OH, H-Dmt-analogues included 2-amino-3(1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-propionic acid, N(Bzl)Gly, L-octahydroindole-2-carboxylic acid, [3S-(3alpha,4abeta, 8abeta)]-decahydro-3-isoquinoline carboxylic acid, benzimidazole-, pyridoindole- or spiroinden-derivatives, or C-terminally modified. L- or D-Ala, Sar, or Pro were spacers between aromatic nuclei. Only H-Dmt-(Xaa-)-pyridoindole exhibited high affinities with delta and mu antagonism. The peptides competed equally against [3H]DPDPE (delta agonist) or [3H]N,N(CH3)2-Dmt-Tic-OH (delta antagonist) signaling a single delta binding site. The data confirm the importance of Tic for delta affinity and antagonism, while heterocyclic or heteroaliphatic nuclei, or spacer exert effects on mu- and delta-receptor properties.
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MESH Headings
- Alanine/chemistry
- Benzimidazoles/chemistry
- Binding Sites
- Carbolines/chemistry
- Carboxylic Acids/chemistry
- Dipeptides/chemistry
- Isoquinolines/chemistry
- Kinetics
- Ligands
- Peptides/chemical synthesis
- Peptides/chemistry
- Proline/chemistry
- Propionates/chemistry
- Protein Conformation
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/chemistry
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/chemistry
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Serine/chemistry
- Tetrahydroisoquinolines
- Tyrosine/analogs & derivatives
- Tyrosine/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- G Balboni
- Department of Toxicology, University of Cagliari, I-09126, Cagliari, Italy
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Podlogar BL, Paterlini MG, Ferguson DM, Leo GC, Demeter DA, Brown FK, Reitz AB. Conformational analysis of the endogenous mu-opioid agonist endomorphin-1 using NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling. FEBS Lett 1998; 439:13-20. [PMID: 9849868 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(98)01202-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Endomorphin-1 (Tyr-Pro-Trp-Phe-NH2) is a highly selective and potent agonist of the mu-opioid receptor. To identify structural attributes unique to this opioid peptide and potential sites of recognition, a conformational analysis has been performed using multidimensional NMR and molecular modeling techniques. The spectroscopic results, derived from experiments in both DMSO and water, indicate that endomorphin-1 exists in the cis- and trans-configuration with respect to the Pro-omega bond in approximately 25% and 75% populations, respectively. In DMSO, the cis-configuration adopts a compact sandwich conformation in which the Tyr and Trp aromatic rings pack against the proline ring, whereas the trans-configuration adopts an extended conformation. Although non-random structure was not observed in water, condensed phase molecular dynamics calculations indicate that trans-isomers dominate the population in this higher dielectric medium. Structural comparison of the cis- and trans-configurations with morphine and selective mu-peptide ligands PL-017 and D-TIPP, as well as the delta-selective peptide ligands TIPP (delta-antagonist, mu-agonist) and DPDPE were also performed and suggest the trans-isomer is likely the bioactive form. A hypothesis is proposed to explain mu- and delta-selectivity based on the presence of spatially distinct selectivity pockets among these ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Podlogar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The R.W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Raritan, NJ 08869, USA.
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Gao P, Larson DL, Portoghese PS. Synthesis of 7-arylmorphinans. Probing the "address" requirements for selectivity at opioid delta receptors. J Med Chem 1998; 41:3091-8. [PMID: 9685249 DOI: 10.1021/jm9802214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Through arylation of 6-keto opiates with diaryliodonium iodide, a series of 7-aryl opiates (3-8) have been prepared in an effort to investigate the effect of conformational mobility of the delta "address" moiety on opioid agonist and antagonist potencies. Evaluation of the ligands in the mouse vas deferens and guinea pig ileum preparations revealed that they were less potent and less selective than the conformationally constrained ligands, naltrindole (1, NTI) and 7-(spiroindanyl)oxymorphone (2, SIOM), at delta opioid receptors. It is concluded that the coplanarity of the address moiety with the C ring of the morphinan structure enhances delta antagonist potency and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard Street S.E., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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Kshirsagar TA, Fang X, Portoghese PS. 14-Desoxy analogues of naltrindole and 7-spiroindanyloxymorphone: the role of the 14-hydroxy group at delta opioid receptors. J Med Chem 1998; 41:2657-60. [PMID: 9651172 DOI: 10.1021/jm980209b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The 14-hydroxy group is known to increase the antagonist potency of mu-selective opioid ligands. To investigate the role of this group at the delta opioid receptor, the 14-desoxy analogues (7 and 9) of the delta-selective ligands, naltrindole (1, NTI) and spiroindanyloxymorphone (2, SIOM), have been synthesized and tested. The in vitro pharmacologic activities of 7 and 9 suggest that the 14-hydroxy group plays an important role in determining the delta selectivity and potency of NTI and SIOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Kshirsagar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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