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Wu YJ, Meanwell NA. Geminal Diheteroatomic Motifs: Some Applications of Acetals, Ketals, and Their Sulfur and Nitrogen Homologues in Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design. J Med Chem 2021; 64:9786-9874. [PMID: 34213340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Acetals and ketals and their nitrogen and sulfur homologues are often considered to be unconventional and potentially problematic scaffolding elements or pharmacophores for the design of orally bioavailable drugs. This opinion is largely a function of the perception that such motifs might be chemically unstable under the acidic conditions of the stomach and upper gastrointestinal tract. However, even simple acetals and ketals, including acyclic molecules, can be sufficiently robust under acidic conditions to be fashioned into orally bioavailable drugs, and these structural elements are embedded in many effective therapeutic agents. The chemical stability of molecules incorporating geminal diheteroatomic motifs can be modulated by physicochemical design principles that include the judicious deployment of proximal electron-withdrawing substituents and conformational restriction. In this Perspective, we exemplify geminal diheteroatomic motifs that have been utilized in the discovery of orally bioavailable drugs or drug candidates against the backdrop of understanding their potential for chemical lability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jin Wu
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Nicholas A Meanwell
- Department of Discovery and Chemistry and Molecular Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb PRI, PO Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
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2
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Activity and mechanism of action of HDVD, a novel pyrimidine nucleoside derivative with high levels of selectivity and potency against gammaherpesviruses. J Virol 2013; 87:3839-51. [PMID: 23345517 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03338-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel nucleoside analogue, 1-[(2S,4S-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]5-vinylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, or HDVD, was evaluated against a wide variety of herpesviruses and was found to be a highly selective inhibitor of replication of the gammaherpesviruses Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). HDVD had also a pronounced inhibitory activity against murine herpesvirus 68 (MHV-68) and herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1). In contrast, replication of herpesvirus saimiri (HVS), HSV-2, and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) was weakly inhibited by the compound, and no antiviral activity was determined against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and rhesus rhadinovirus (RRV). The HDVD-resistant virus phenotype contained point mutations in the viral thymidine kinase (TK) of HSV-1, MHV-68, and HVS isolates. These mutations conferred cross-resistance to other TK-dependent drugs, with the exception of an MHV-68 mutant (E358D) that exhibited resistance only to HDVD. HSV-1 and HVS TK-mutants isolated under selective pressure with bromovinyldeoxyuridine (BVDU) also showed reduced sensitivity to HDVD. Oral treatment with HDVD and BVDU was assessed in an intranasal model of MHV-68 infection in BALB/c mice. In contrast to BVDU treatment, HDVD-treated animals showed a reduction in viral DNA loads and diminished viral gene expression during acute viral replication in the lungs in comparison to levels in untreated controls. The valyl ester prodrug of HDVD (USS-02-71-44) suppressed the latent infection in the spleen to a greater extent than HDVD. In the present study, HDVD emerged as a highly potent antiviral with a unique spectrum of activity against herpesviruses, in particular, gammaherpesviruses, and may be of interest in the treatment of virus-associated diseases.
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Novikov MS, Buckheit RW, Temburnikar K, Khandazhinskaya AL, Ivanov AV, Seley-Radtke KL. 1-Benzyl derivatives of 5-(arylamino)uracils as anti-HIV-1 and anti-EBV agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:8310-4. [PMID: 21035347 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Revised: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pyrimidine analogs have long found use over a broad chemotherapeutic spectrum. In an effort to further explore the antiviral potential of several uracil derivatives previously synthesized in our laboratories, a series of benzylated pyrimidines were designed and synthesized. Introduction of the benzyl residue onto the 5-phenylaminouracil scaffold was carried out using 2,4-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)pyrimidine with the corresponding benzyl bromides. Similarly, 1-benzyl-5-(benzylamino)- and 1-benzyl-5-(phenethylamino)uracils were obtained via amination of 1-benzyl-5-bromouracils with benzylamine or phenylethylamine. The results of the broad screen antiviral studies revealed that compounds 5 and 11 exhibit promising inhibitory activity against HIV-1 in CEM-SS culture. A 50% protective effect was observed at concentrations of 11.9 and 9.5 μМ, respectively. Moreover, compounds 8 and 3 exhibited good inhibitory effects against EBV in АKАТА cell culture with EC₅₀ values of 2.3 and 12 μM, respectively. The synthesis and biological studies are detailed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail S Novikov
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Toxicological Chemistry, Volgograd State Medical University, Russia
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Romeo G, Chiacchio U, Corsaro A, Merino P. Chemical Synthesis of Heterocyclic−Sugar Nucleoside Analogues. Chem Rev 2010; 110:3337-70. [PMID: 20232792 DOI: 10.1021/cr800464r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Romeo
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Messina, Via SS Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy, and Laboratorio de Sintesis Asimetrica, Departamento de Quimica Organica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragon, Universidad de Zaragoza, CSIC, E-50009 Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain, Pedro Merino:
| | - Ugo Chiacchio
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Messina, Via SS Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy, and Laboratorio de Sintesis Asimetrica, Departamento de Quimica Organica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragon, Universidad de Zaragoza, CSIC, E-50009 Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain, Pedro Merino:
| | - Antonino Corsaro
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Messina, Via SS Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy, and Laboratorio de Sintesis Asimetrica, Departamento de Quimica Organica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragon, Universidad de Zaragoza, CSIC, E-50009 Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain, Pedro Merino:
| | - Pedro Merino
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Messina, Via SS Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy, and Laboratorio de Sintesis Asimetrica, Departamento de Quimica Organica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragon, Universidad de Zaragoza, CSIC, E-50009 Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain, Pedro Merino:
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5
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He XX, Chen T, Lin JS, Chang Y, Ye BX. Inhibition of the replication of hepatitis B virus in vitro by a novel 2,6-diaminopurine analog, beta-LPA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 369:513-8. [PMID: 18284916 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2008] [Accepted: 02/12/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Antiviral therapy of chronic hepatitis B remains a major clinical problem worldwide. Like lamivudine, nucleoside analogs have become the focus of investigation of anti-hepatitis B virus (anti-HBV) drugs. Here, beta-LPA is a novel 2,6-diaminopurine analog found to possess potent anti-HBV activity. In HepG2.2.15 cell line, beta-LPA had a 50% effective concentration (EC(50)) of 0.01 microM against HBV, as determined by analysis of secreted and intracellular episomal HBV DNA. Levels of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and e antigen (HBeAg) in drug-treated cultures revealed that beta-LPA had no significant inhibitory effects on HBsAg and HBeAg. beta-LPA didn't show any cytotoxicity up to 0.4 microM with a 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC(50)) of 50 microM. Furthermore, treatment with beta-LPA resulted in no apparent inhibitory effects on mitochondrial DNA content. Considering the potent inhibition of HBV DNA synthesis and no obvious toxicity of beta-LPA, this compound should be further explored for development as an anti-HBV drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Xing He
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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6
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Calenbergh SV, Herdewijn P. A heterogeneous collection of novel antiviral pyrimidines. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.10.3.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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7
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Du J, Patterson S, Shi J, Chun BK, Stuyver LJ, Watanabe KA. Synthesis of 5'-C-methyl-1',3'-dioxolan-4'-yl nucleosides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:1243-5. [PMID: 14980674 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2003] [Accepted: 12/10/2003] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Novel racemic 5'-C-methyl-1',3'-dioxolan-4'-yl nucleosides were synthesized from the key intermediate, 2-benzoyloxymethyl-4-oxo-5-C-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, which was prepared from racemic lactic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfa Du
- Pharmasset Inc., 1860 Montreal Road, Tucker, GA 30084, USA.
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8
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Wu JM, Lin JS, Xie N, Liang KH. Inhibition of hepatitis B virus by a novel L-nucleoside, β-L-D4A and related analogues. World J Gastroenterol 2003; 9:1840-3. [PMID: 12918134 PMCID: PMC4611557 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v9.i8.1840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the inhibition of β-L-D4A on hepatitis B virus (HBV) in 2.2.15 cells derived from HepG2 cells transfected with HBV genome.
METHODS: 2.2.15 cells were plated at a density of 5 × 104 per well in 12-well tissue culture plates, and treated with various concentrations of β-L-D4A for 6 days. In the end, 5 μl of medium was used for the estimation of HBsAg and HBeAg, the other medium was processed to obtain virions by a polyethlene glycol precipitation method. At the same time, intracellular DNA was also extracted and digested with HindIII. Both DNAs were subjected to Southern blot, hybridized with a 32P-labeled HBV probe and autoradiographed. Intensity of the autoradiographic bands was quantitated by densitometric scans of computer and ED50 was calculated. Then Hybond-N membrane was washed and rehybridized with a 32P-labeled mtDNA-specific probe, and effect of β-L-D4A on mitochondrial DNA was studied. 2. 2.15 cells were also seeded in 24-well tissue culture plates, and cytotoxicity with different concentrations was examined by MTT method. ID50 was calculated. Structure-activity relationships between D2A and D4A were also studied as above.
RESULTS: Autoradiographic bands were similar between supernatant and intracellular HBV DNA. Episomal HBV DNA was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. ED50 was 0.2 μM. HBsAg or HBeAg was not apparently decreased, and inhibition of mitochondrial DNA was not obvious. The experiment of cytotoxicity gained ID50 at 200 μM.
CONCLUSION: β-L-D4A possesses potent inhibitory effects on the replication of HBV in vitro with little cytotoxicity and mitochondrial toxicity, TI value is 1000. It is expected to be developed as a new clinically anti-HBV drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ming Wu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Rajappan V, Schneller SW, Williams SL, Kern ER. The enantiomers of carbocyclic 5'-norguanosine: activity towards Epstein-Barr virus. Bioorg Med Chem 2002; 10:883-6. [PMID: 11836094 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(01)00344-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
(-)-5'-noraristeromycin (1) has shown antiviral activity towards, particularly cytomegalovirus, vaccinia virus and measles while its (+)-enantiomer (2) is effective towards hepatitis B virus. To determine if the antiviral characteristics of 1 and 2 extended to the guanine analogues (3 and 4), these enantiomers were prepared and evaluated against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2), cytomegalovirus (CMV), varicella zoster virus (VZV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human herpes virus type 6 (HHV-6), human herpes virus type 8 (HHV-8), vaccinia virus (VV), cowpox virus (CV), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and type 2 (HIV-2). The only activity found for 3 was for Epstein-Barr virus in VCA Elisa (EC50 0.78 microg/mL), immunofluorescence assay for VCA or gp 350/250 (1.8-4.0 microg/mL) and DNA hybridization (EC50 0.82 microg/mL) assays with no accompanying toxicity seen in the host Daudi cells. No activity was noted for 4.
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10
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Lin S, Duclos RI, Makriyannis A. Preparation of optically pure 4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-pentadecyl-1,3-dioxolanes and their corresponding phosphodiester ether lipid derivatives. Chem Phys Lipids 2001; 113:111-22. [PMID: 11687231 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-3084(01)00185-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Semi-preparative HPLC on a chiral stationary phase (Chiracel OD) was utilized in the course of this synthesis to separate the four possible diastereomers [cis-(2R,4S)-2a, trans-(2S,4S)-2b, cis-(2S,4R)-2a', and trans-(2R,4R)-2b'] of a 2,4-disubstituted-1,3-dioxolane into optically pure forms (100% de, 100% ee). The syntheses of phosphodiester head group derivatives from each of these four conformationally constrained diastereomeric dioxolanes gave phospholipids which are monocyclic ether lipid analogs. First, the series of four [[(2-pentadecyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl]oxy]phosphocholines 5 were synthesized to give optically pure conformationally constrained analogues of ET-16-OCH(3). A head group variation was also demonstrated by the syntheses of the four diastereomeric [[(2-pentadecyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)-methyl]oxy]phospho-beta-(N-methylmorpholino)ethanols 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lin
- School of Pharmacy, U-92, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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11
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Mathé G. To treat or not to treat EBV and its related infections, dysplasias and tumors. Biomed Pharmacother 2001; 55:343-7. [PMID: 11669494 DOI: 10.1016/s0753-3322(01)00075-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G Mathé
- Institut de Cancérologie et Hôpital Suisse de Paris, Issy les Moulineaux, France
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12
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Abstract
Nucleoside analogues have been the cornerstone of antiviral therapy over the past thirty years and, currently, 16 commonly used antiviral drugs belong to this category. Although for long time it was believed that only D-nucleosides, possessing a 'natural' stereochemistry, could elicit biological activity, in the last decade this has been proven not to be true. 3TC, a L-nucleoside analogue, is one of the most effective anti-HIV and anti-hepatitis B virus drugs, and nine other L-nucleosides are currently undergoing clinical trials and/or preclinical studies as antiviral or antitumoral agents. This minireview summarizes some biological features and the current status of these promising L-nucleoside analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gumina
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- S So
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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Cheng YC. Potential use of antiviral L(-)nucleoside analogues for the prevention or treatment of viral associated cancers. Cancer Lett 2001; 162 Suppl:S33-S37. [PMID: 11164188 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(00)00650-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Several types of virus were found to have a strong association with different types of cancers. Thus, a selective antiviral compound without toxicity upon long-term usage will be useful not only for the treatment of viral diseases but also for the prevention or the delayed onset of those cancers, which have a strong association with viruses. L(-)Nucleoside analogs were discovered recently in my laboratory as an important class of antiviral and anticancer chemical entities. L(-)SddC (3TC, Lamivudine), FTC, Fd4C, and L(-)FMAU are potent anti-HBV compounds with different pharmacological profiles. These compounds may be useful in the prevention or delayed onset of hepatocellular carcinoma associated with HBV. L(-)I-OddU is the most potent anti-Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) compound without cytotoxicity and animal toxicity upon long-term dosing which gives the pharmacological levels of the drug in plasma. This compound may have the potential to prevent B-cell lymphoma associated with patients undergoing organ transplants in addition to its potential use for the treatment of EBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Kira T, Grill SP, Dutschman GE, Lin JS, Qu F, Choi Y, Chu CK, Cheng YC. Anti-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) activity of beta-L-5-iododioxolane uracil is dependent on EBV thymidine kinase. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000; 44:3278-84. [PMID: 11083627 PMCID: PMC90192 DOI: 10.1128/aac.44.12.3278-3284.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
beta-L-5-Iododioxolane uracil was shown to have potent anti-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) activity (50% effective concentration = 0.03 microM) with low cytotoxicity (50% cytotoxic concentration = 1,000 microM). It exerts its antiviral activity by suppressing replicative EBV DNA and viral protein synthesis. This compound is phosphorylated in cells where the EBV is replicating but not in cells where the EBV is latent. EBV-specific thymidine kinase could phosphorylate beta-L-5-iododioxolane uracil to the monophosphate metabolite. The K(m) of beta-L-5-iododioxolane uracil with EBV thymidine kinase was estimated to be 5.5 microM, which is similar to that obtained with thymidine but about fivefold higher than that obtained with 2' fluoro-5-methyl-beta-L-arabinofuranosyl uracil, the first L-nucleoside analogue discovered to have anti-EBV activity. The relative V(max) is seven times higher than that of thymidine. The anti-EBV activity of beta-L-5-iododioxolane uracil and its intracellular phosphorylation could be inhibited by 5'-ethynylthymidine, a potent EBV thymidine kinase inhibitor. The present study suggests that beta-L-5-iododioxolane uracil exerts its action after phosphorylation; therefore, EBV thymidine kinase is critical for the antiviral action of this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kira
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
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Li L, Dutschman GE, Gullen EA, Tsujii E, Grill SP, Choi Y, Chu CK, Cheng YC. Metabolism and mode of inhibition of varicella-zoster virus by L-beta-5-bromovinyl-(2-hydroxymethyl)-(1,3-dioxolanyl)uracil is dependent on viral thymidine kinase. Mol Pharmacol 2000; 58:1109-14. [PMID: 11040060 DOI: 10.1124/mol.58.5.1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A nonnaturally occurring L-configuration nucleoside analog, L-beta-5-bromovinyl-(2-hydroxymethyl)-1,3-(dioxolanyl)uracil (L-BVOddU) selectively inhibited varicella-zoster virus growth in human embryonic lung (HEL) 299 cell culture with an EC(50) of 0.055 microM, whereas no inhibition of CEM and HEL 299 cell growth or mitochondrial DNA synthesis was observed at concentrations up to 200 microM. L-BVOddU was phosphorylated by viral thymidine kinase but not by human cytosolic thymidine kinase, and the antiviral activity of this compound is dependent on the viral thymidine kinase. Unlike other D-configuration bromovinyl deoxyuridine analogs, such as E-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine and 1-beta-arabinofuranosyl-E-5-(2-bromovinyl)uracil, this compound was metabolized only to its monophosphate metabolite. The di- or triphosphate metabolites were not detected. This suggested that the inhibitory mechanism may be unique and different from other anti-herpesvirus nucleoside analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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18
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Merino P, del Alamo EM, Franco S, Merchan FL, Simon A, Tejero T. Stereoselective synthesis of l -isoxazolidinyl thymidine from N -benzyl-1,2-di- O -isopropylidene- d -glyceraldehyde nitrone (BIGN). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(00)00094-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Hegde VR, Seley KL, Schneller SW. Carbocyclic 5'-noruridine. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2000; 19:269-73. [PMID: 10772714 DOI: 10.1080/15257770008033008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A convenient preparation of (1'R,2'S,3'R,4'S)-1-(2',3',4'-trihydroxycyclopent-1'-yl)-1H-uracil (carbocyclic 5'-noruridine, 1) is described in 2 steps from the palladium complex of (+)-(1R,4S)-4-hydroxy-2-cyclopenten-1-yl acetate (3) and the sodium salt of uracil (2). Compound 1 was sought as a previously unknown member of the series of carbocyclic 5'-nor nucleosides needed as moieties for new oligomers. With 1 available, its antiviral properties and those of its enantiomer (5) are reported with 5 showing promising activity towards Epstein-Barr virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- V R Hegde
- Department of Chemistry, Auburn University, AL 36849-5312, USA
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20
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Khan N, Bastola SR, Witter KG, Scheiner P. Diastereoselective synthesis of l-(+)-homolamivudine. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)01935-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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