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Kyzer JL, Noman MAA, Cuellar RAD, Chung SSW, Maitra S, Naqvi T, Hawkinson JE, Wolgemuth DJ, Georg GI. Investigation of selective retinoic acid receptor alpha antagonist ER-50891 and related analogs for male contraception. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023:e2300031. [PMID: 37154197 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARα) antagonist ER-50891 and 15 analogs were prepared and tested in vitro for potency and selectivity at RARα, RARβ, and RARγ using transactivation assays. Minor modifications to the parent molecule such as the introduction of a C4 tolyl group in place of the C4 phenyl group on the quinoline moiety slightly increased the RARα selectivity but larger substituents significantly decreased the potency. Replacement of the pyrrole moiety of ER-50891 with triazole, amides, or a double bond produced inactive compounds. ER-50891 was found to be stable in male mouse liver microsomes and was tested in male mice to assess its effects on spermatogenesis. Characteristic, albeit modest and transient, effects on spermatogenesis were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian L Kyzer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Md Abdullah Al Noman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rebecca A D Cuellar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sanny S W Chung
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Soma Maitra
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Tahmina Naqvi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jon E Hawkinson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Debra J Wolgemuth
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- The Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- The Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gunda I Georg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Borthwick AD, Goncalves MB, Corcoran JPT. Recent advances in the design of RAR α and RAR β agonists as orally bioavailable drugs. A review. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115664. [PMID: 33069074 PMCID: PMC7588594 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid receptors (RARs) α, β, and γ are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Compounds which bind to and activate the RARs are termed retinoids which regulate a wide variety of biological processes such as vertebrate embryonic morphogenesis and organogenesis, cell growth arrest, differentiation, and apoptosis, as well as their disorders. Although many synthetic selective RARα, RARβ, and RARγ agonists have been designed and prepared, these have generally been lipophilic acids without good drug-like properties and with low oral bioavailability. Recently this has been changing and drug design approaches to highly potent and selective RARα and RARβ agonists with low lipophilicity that are orally bioavailable and less toxic have been developed, that have a range of potential therapeutic uses. This review covers these new advances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria B Goncalves
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Guy's Campus, King's College, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Jonathan P T Corcoran
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Guy's Campus, King's College, London SE1 1UL, UK.
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Haffez H, Chisholm DR, Tatum NJ, Valentine R, Redfern C, Pohl E, Whiting A, Przyborski S. Probing biological activity through structural modelling of ligand-receptor interactions of 2,4-disubstituted thiazole retinoids. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:1560-1572. [PMID: 29439915 PMCID: PMC5933457 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Retinoids, such as all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), regulate cellular differentiation and signalling pathways in chordates by binding to nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARα/β/γ). Polar interactions between receptor and ligand are important for binding and facilitating the non-polar interactions and conformational changes necessary for RAR-mediated transcriptional regulation. The constraints on activity and RAR-type specificity with respect to the structural link between the polar and non-polar functions of synthetic retinoids are poorly understood. To address this, predictions from in silico ligand-RAR docking calculations and molecular dynamics simulations for a small library of stable, synthetic retinoids (designated GZ series) containing a central thiazole linker structure and different hydrophobic region substituents, were tested using a ligand binding assay and a range of cellular biological assays. The docking analysis showed that these thiazole-containing retinoids were well suited to the binding pocket of RARα, particularly via a favorable hydrogen bonding interaction between the thiazole and Ser232 of RARα. A bulky hydrophobic region (i.e., present in compounds GZ23 and GZ25) was important for interaction with the RAR binding pockets. Ligand binding assays generally reflected the findings from in silico docking, and showed that GZ25 was a particularly strongly binding ligand for RARα/β. GZ25 also exhibited higher activity as an inducer of neuronal differentiation than ATRA and other GZ derivatives. These data demonstrate that GZ25 is a stable synthetic retinoid with improved activity which efficiently regulates neuronal differentiation and help to define the key structural requirements for retinoid activity enabling the design and development of the next generation of more active, selective synthetic retinoids as potential therapeutic regulators of neurogenesis.
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Key Words
- atra, all-trans retinoic acid
- af, activation function
- esi, electronic supplementary information
- gz, compound series code
- h12, helix 12
- lbd, ligand binding domain
- rar, retinoic acid receptor
- rare, retinoic acid response element
- rxr, retinoid x receptor
- ttn, 1,1,4,4-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene hydrophobic region
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Haffez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pharmacy College, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, Centre for Sustainable Chemical Processes, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK; Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - David R Chisholm
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Sustainable Chemical Processes, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Natalie J Tatum
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Roy Valentine
- High Force Research Limited, Bowburn North Industrial Estate, Bowburn, Durham DH6 5PF, UK
| | - Christopher Redfern
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Ehmke Pohl
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Sustainable Chemical Processes, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK; Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Andrew Whiting
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Sustainable Chemical Processes, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Stefan Przyborski
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
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Keri RS, Pandule SS, Budagumpi S, Nagaraja BM. Quinoxaline and quinoxaline-1,4-di-N
-oxides: An emerging class of antimycobacterials. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2018; 351:e1700325. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201700325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rangappa S. Keri
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University; Jain Global Campus; Bangalore India
| | | | - Srinivasa Budagumpi
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University; Jain Global Campus; Bangalore India
| | - Bhari M. Nagaraja
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University; Jain Global Campus; Bangalore India
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Moustafa OS, El-Ossaily YA. Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Novel Furothienoquinoxalines, Pyranothienoquinoxalines and Pyrimidopyranothienoquinoxalines. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200200018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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6
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Lewis FW, Harwood LM, Hudson MJ, Drew MGB, Sypula M, Modolo G, Whittaker D, Sharrad CA, Videva V, Hubscher-Bruder V, Arnaud-Neu F. Complexation of lanthanides, actinides and transition metal cations with a 6-(1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine ligand: implications for actinide(III)/lanthanide(III) partitioning. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:9209-19. [PMID: 22729349 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt30522d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The quadridentate N-heterocyclic ligand 6-(5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,2,4-benzotriazin-3-yl)-2,2' : 6',2''-terpyridine (CyMe(4)-hemi-BTBP) has been synthesized and its interactions with Am(III), U(VI), Ln(III) and some transition metal cations have been evaluated by X-ray crystallographic analysis, Am(III)/Eu(III) solvent extraction experiments, UV absorption spectrophotometry, NMR studies and ESI-MS. Structures of 1:1 complexes with Eu(III), Ce(III) and the linear uranyl (UO(2)(2+)) ion were obtained by X-ray crystallographic analysis, and they showed similar coordination behavior to related BTBP complexes. In methanol, the stability constants of the Ln(III) complexes are slightly lower than those of the analogous quadridentate bis-triazine BTBP ligands, while the stability constant for the Yb(III) complex is higher. (1)H NMR titrations and ESI-MS with lanthanide nitrates showed that the ligand forms only 1:1 complexes with Eu(III), Ce(III) and Yb(III), while both 1:1 and 1:2 complexes were formed with La(III) and Y(III) in acetonitrile. A mixture of isomeric chiral 2:2 helical complexes was formed with Cu(I), with a slight preference (1.4:1) for a single directional isomer. In contrast, a 1:1 complex was observed with the larger Ag(I) ion. The ligand was unable to extract Am(III) or Eu(III) from nitric acid solutions into 1-octanol, except in the presence of a synergist at low acidity. The results show that the presence of two outer 1,2,4-triazine rings is required for the efficient extraction and separation of An(III) from Ln(III) by quadridentate N-donor ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank W Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, UK.
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Nantogmah S, Desai S, Bhandare R, Gabriel J, Soprano D, Canney DJ. Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of affinity to retinoic acid receptors for new organosilicon-based retinoids. Pharm Chem J 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-012-0692-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Lewis FW, Harwood LM, Hudson MJ, Distler P, John J, Stamberg K, Núñez A, Galán H, Espartero AG. Synthesis and Evaluation of Lipophilic BTBP Ligands for An/Ln Separation in Nuclear Waste Treatment: The Effect of Alkyl Substitution on Extraction Properties and Implications for Ligand Design. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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9
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Lewis FW, Harwood LM, Hudson MJ, Drew MGB, Desreux JF, Vidick G, Bouslimani N, Modolo G, Wilden A, Sypula M, Vu TH, Simonin JP. Highly Efficient Separation of Actinides from Lanthanides by a Phenanthroline-Derived Bis-triazine Ligand. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:13093-102. [DOI: 10.1021/ja203378m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank W. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, U.K
| | - Laurence M. Harwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, U.K
| | - Michael J. Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, U.K
| | - Michael G. B. Drew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, U.K
| | - Jean F. Desreux
- Coordination and Radiochemistry, University of Liège, Sart Tilman B16, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Geoffrey Vidick
- Coordination and Radiochemistry, University of Liège, Sart Tilman B16, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Nouri Bouslimani
- Coordination and Radiochemistry, University of Liège, Sart Tilman B16, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Giuseppe Modolo
- Sicherheitsforschung und Reaktortechnik, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Andreas Wilden
- Sicherheitsforschung und Reaktortechnik, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Michal Sypula
- Sicherheitsforschung und Reaktortechnik, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Trong-Hung Vu
- Laboratoire PECSA (UMR CNRS 7195), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Case 51, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Simonin
- Laboratoire PECSA (UMR CNRS 7195), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Case 51, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Harwood LM, Lewis FW, Hudson MJ, John J, Distler P. The Separation of Americium(III) from Europium(III) by Two New 6,6'-Bistriazinyl-2,2'-Bipyridines in Different Diluents. SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10496475.2011.556989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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12
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Lewis FW, Harwood LM, Hudson MJ, Drew MGB, Modolo G, Sypula M, Desreux JF, Bouslimani N, Vidick G. Interaction of 6,6′′-bis(5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,2,4-benzotriazin-3-yl)-2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine (CyMe4-BTTP) with some trivalent ions such as lanthanide(iii) ions and americium(iii). Dalton Trans 2010; 39:5172-82. [DOI: 10.1039/b924988e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Xu G, Yin G, Guo W, Wu A, Cui Y. Complete 1H and 13C NMR assignments and Z/E-stereoconfiguration determination of isomers of 1,4-diketone derivatives. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2008; 46:84-87. [PMID: 18098223 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Complete 1H and 13C NMR assignments and Z/E-stereoconfiguration determination for a series of new isomers of 1,4-diketone derivatives obtained via self-sorting tandem reaction were accomplished by means of one- and two-dimentional NMR experiments including 1H, 13C, gCOSY, gHSQC, gHMBC, and NOESY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
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Desai S, Sun W, Gabriel J, Canney DJ. THE SYNTHESIS AND PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF SUBSTITUTED CHROMONES, COUMARINS, CHROMANONES, AND BENZOPHENONES AS RETINOIC ACID RECEPTOR LIGANDS. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2008. [DOI: 10.1515/hc.2008.14.3.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Sakuta T, Kanayama T. Marked improvement induced in photoaged skin of hairless mouse by ER36009, a novel RARgamma-specific retinoid, but not by ER35794, an RXR-selective agonist. Int J Dermatol 2006; 45:1288-95. [PMID: 17076708 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2006.02913.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photoaging (premature skin aging) results largely from repeated exposure of the skin to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. Topical all-trans retinoic acid (RA), the only agent that has been approved for the treatment of photoaging, has been shown to reverse this process. In this study, we evaluated the pharmacologic effects of novel synthetic retinoids, ER36009 and ER35794, on murine wrinkles induced by UVB. ER36009 is a specific agonist of retinoic acid receptor (RAR)gamma, the most abundant RAR subtype in the skin, while ER35794 is a potent retinoid X receptor (RXR)-selective agonist. METHOD After a 10-week exposure to escalating doses of UVB irradiation, the animals were treated three times per week with ER36009 (0.0001%, 0.00025%, 0.0005%), ER35794 (0.025%, 0.05%, 0.1%), RA (0.05%) or acetone (control) for 3 weeks. RESULTS ER36009 exerted a dose-dependent wrinkle-effacing effect, and 0.0005% ER36009-treated skin was significantly different from the control. ER36009 also significantly and dose-dependently increased both epidermal thickness and the area of the dermal repair zone defined by newly synthesized collagen. The effect of 0.0005% ER36009 on photodamaged skin was superior to that of 0.05% RA. In contrast, ER35794 was inactive in this model, though this compound exhibited lower local toxicity than other retinoids. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that RARgamma, but not RXR, plays an important role in the improvement of the signs of photoaging, and so a specific RARgamma agonist might be superior to an RAR pan-agonist for clinical treatment. We conclude that ER36009 is a candidate for a potent anti-skin-aging agent.
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Wang L, Liu J, Tian H, Qian C. Ytterbium Triflate Catalyzed Heterocyclization of 1,2‐Phenylenediamines and Alkyl Oxalates Under Solvent‐Free Conditions via Phillips Reaction: A Facile Synthesis of Quinoxaline‐2,3‐diones Derivatives. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/scc-120030683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Limin Wang
- a Institute of Fine Chemicals , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Lu, Shanghai, 200237, P.R. China
| | - Jijun Liu
- a Institute of Fine Chemicals , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Lu, Shanghai, 200237, P.R. China
| | - He Tian
- a Institute of Fine Chemicals , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Lu, Shanghai, 200237, P.R. China
| | - Changtao Qian
- b Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, P.R. China
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Sakuta T, Uchiyama T, Kanayama T. Topical ER36009, a RARgamma-selective retinoid, decreases abdominal white adipose tissue and elicits changes in expression of genes related to adiposity and thermogenesis. Endocrine 2006; 30:113-9. [PMID: 17185799 DOI: 10.1385/endo:30:1:113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2006] [Revised: 06/22/2006] [Accepted: 06/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic topical treatment of rats with a new RARgamma-selective retinoid, ER36009, resulted in a significant reduction of epididymal white adipose tissue and a significant increase of interscapular brown adipose tissue without affecting food intake. ER36009 markedly decreased PPARgamma, 11beta-HSD1, and Bcl-2 mRNA levels, and increased Bax mRNA in white adipose tissue, while it upregulated UCP1 and UCP3 mRNAs in brown adipose tissue and UCP3 mRNA in gastrocnemial muscle. These results suggest that ER36009 has multiple effects on adipose tissue biology and the energy balance. Topically applied ER36009 may have potential for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Sakuta
- Shiseido Pharmaceutical Research Center, 2-12-1 Kanazawa-ku Fukuura, Yokohama, Japan 236-8643.
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Hall MJ, McDonnell SO, Killoran J, O'Shea DF. A modular synthesis of unsymmetrical tetraarylazadipyrromethenes. J Org Chem 2005; 70:5571-8. [PMID: 15989339 DOI: 10.1021/jo050696k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A stepwise route to unsymmetrical tetraarylazadipyrromethenes by a condensation of 2,4-diaryl-5-nitroso-pyrroles with 2,4-diarylpyrroles is described. This modular building-block approach allows for the introduction of up to four different aryl substituents on the azadipyrromethene and is tolerant of a varied substituent set. An efficient synthesis of the 2,4-diarylpyrroles building blocks from 1,3-diaryl-4-nitro-butan-1-ones by nitro hydrolysis to a keto-aldehyde and subsequent ammonia condensation reaction has been achieved. The facile conversion of 2,4-diarylpyrroles into their alpha-nitroso analogues by their reaction with sodium nitrite generated the second building block required for the synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Hall
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Conway Institute, Department of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Ji J, Lee KI. A Facile Entry to Quinoxalines from Oxalyl Chloride. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DAEHAN HWAHAK HOE JEE 2005. [DOI: 10.5012/jkcs.2005.49.2.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Yamauchi T, Ishibashi A, Shikata K, Tokuhara N, Seino KI, Kobayashi S, Nagai M. Effect of E6060 [4-{5-[7-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzo[b]furan-2-yl]-1H-2-pyrrolyl}benzoic acid], a novel subtype-selective retinoid, on lupus-like nephritis in female (NZBxNZW)F1 mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2004; 312:938-44. [PMID: 15615868 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.104.075598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease amelioration by retinoids in various nephritic models has been reported from either immunological or pathophysiologic viewpoints. It has also been reported that retinoids exert immunosuppressive effects in a retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-alpha-dependent manner. In particular, synthetic retinoid agonists with selectivity to RAR-alpha have been reported to have a remarkable disease-ameliorating effect in some immune disease models via their potent immunosuppressive activities; however, there has been no report in which the effect of RAR-alpha-selective agonists in the nephritic models was examined. In this report, we investigated the effect of a newly synthesized RAR-alpha-selective retinoid agonist, E6060 [4-{5-[7-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzo[b]furan-2-yl]-1H-2-pyrrolyl}benzoic acid], on the disease progression in a murine lupus nephritis model. Female (NZBxNZW)F1 mice were prophylactically treated with E6060 from 5 months of age, and their nephritic (proteinuria, blood urea nitrogen) and immunological parameters (serum anti-DNA autoantibodies and total serum immunoglobulins) were monitored with age up to 10 months old. E6060 at 0.03 and 0.1 mg/kg (once daily, p.o.) significantly improved survival rate and prevented the development of proteinuria in (NZBxNZW)F1 mice. Anti-DNA autoantibodies and total serum IgG were also significantly reduced in the E6060-treated mice. Among IgG isotypes, IgG2a was substantially reduced by E6060 treatment, indicating reduced T helper 1 responses in E6060-treated mice. In accordance with this possibility, elevation of serum interleukin-12 (p40) in old female (NZBxNZW)F1 mice was significantly inhibited by E6060 treatment. Our data suggest that the RAR-alpha-selective retinoid E6060 is a promising candidate of new remedy for lupus nephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Yamauchi
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd., Tsukuba Science City, Ibaraki, 300-2635, Japan.
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Zusi FC, Lorenzi MV, Vivat-Hannah V. Selective retinoids and rexinoids in cancer therapy and chemoprevention. Drug Discov Today 2002; 7:1165-74. [PMID: 12547017 DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6446(02)02526-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Natural and synthetic retinoids are effective inhibitors of tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo. However, the toxicity of natural derivatives of vitamin A limits their therapeutic use. Recently, synthetic compounds selective for the different retinoid receptor isotypes have been generated that circumvent pan-retinoid toxicity. The tumor-suppressive activity of selective retinoid and/or rexinoid ligands has been established preclinically, and emerging clinical trials are supportive of the chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive potential of these compounds in multiple oncology indications, with reduced toxicity. Moreover, the combination of retinoids and/or rexinoids with chemotherapeutic agents for the synergistic modulation of specific pathways could also be of benefit in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Christopher Zusi
- Wallingford Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 03492-1996, USA
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22
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Li B, Chiu CKF, Hank RF, Murry J, Roth J, Tobiassen H. An Optimized Process for Formation of 2,4-Disubstituted Imidazoles from Condensation of Amidines and α-Haloketones. Org Process Res Dev 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/op025552b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Li
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, U.S.A
| | - Charles K.-F. Chiu
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, U.S.A
| | - Richard F. Hank
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, U.S.A
| | - Jerry Murry
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, U.S.A
| | - Joshua Roth
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, U.S.A
| | - Harry Tobiassen
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, U.S.A
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23
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Kobayashi N, Kaku Y, Higurashi K, Yamauchi T, Ishibashi A, Okamoto Y. A library construction of 2,5-disubstituted pyrrole compounds by using solid/solution-phase syntheses. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:1747-50. [PMID: 12067552 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00255-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Using solid- and solution-phase synthesis, a library of 2,5-disubstituted pyrrole compounds was constructed. This is the first report that Stetter reaction was applied to the solid-phase synthesis for C-C bond formation. Some of 2,5-disubstituted pyrrole compounds showed the inhibitory activity of LPS-induced mouse B-lymphocyte proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kobayashi
- Discovery Technology Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd., 1-3, Tokodai 5-chome, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan.
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24
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Simoni D, Roberti M, Invidiata FP, Rondanin R, Baruchello R, Malagutti C, Mazzali A, Rossi M, Grimaudo S, Capone F, Dusonchet L, Meli M, Raimondi MV, Landino M, D'Alessandro N, Tolomeo M, Arindam D, Lu S, Benbrook DM. Heterocycle-containing retinoids. Discovery of a novel isoxazole arotinoid possessing potent apoptotic activity in multidrug and drug-induced apoptosis-resistant cells. J Med Chem 2001; 44:2308-18. [PMID: 11428925 DOI: 10.1021/jm0010320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In a search for retinoic acid (RA) receptor ligands endowed with potent apoptotic activity, a series of novel arotinoids were prepared. Because the stereochemistry of the C9-alkenyl portion of natural 9-cis-RA and the olefinic moiety of the previously synthesized isoxazole retinoid 4 seems to have particular importance for their apoptotic activity, novel retinoid analogues with a restricted or, vice versa, a larger flexibility in this region were designed and prepared. The new compounds were evaluated in vitro for their ability to activate natural retinoid receptors and for their differentiation-inducing activity. Cytotoxic and apoptotic activities were, in addition, evaluated. In general, these analogues showed low cytotoxicity, with the restricted structures being slightly more active than the more flexible ones. As an exception, however, the isoxazole retinoid 15b proved to be particularly able to induce apoptosis at concentrations <5 microM, showing a higher activity than the classical retinoids such as all-trans-RA, 13-cis-RA, and 9-cis-RA and the previously described synthetic retinoid 4. 15b also exhibited a good affinity for the retinoid receptors. Interestingly, another important property of 15b was its ability to induce apoptosis in the HL60R multidrug-resistant (MDR) cell line, at the same concentration as is effective in HL60. Therefore, 15b represents a new retinoid possessing high apoptotic activity in an MDR cell line. The ability of 15b to act on K562 and HL60R cells suggests that this compound may have important implications in the treatment of different leukemias, and its structure could offer an interesting model for the design of new compounds endowed with apoptotic activity on MDR- and retinoid-resistant malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Simoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, Università di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy.
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25
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Kikuchi K, Tagami K, Hibi S, Yoshimura H, Tokuhara N, Tai K, Hida T, Yamauchi T, Nagai M. Syntheses and evaluation of quinoline derivatives as novel retinoic acid receptor α antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:1215-8. [PMID: 11354380 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00177-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the course of studies on novel retinoids, we have designed and synthesized a series of quinoline derivatives. One of them, 4-[5-[8-(1-methylethyl)-4-phenyl-2-quinolinyl]-1H-2-pyrrolyl]benzoic acid (12f) shows potent RARalpha-selective antagonistic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kikuchi
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan.
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26
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Yoshimura H, Kikuchi K, Hibi S, Tagami K, Satoh T, Yamauchi T, Ishibahi A, Tai K, Hida T, Tokuhara N, Nagai M. Discovery of novel and potent retinoic acid receptor alpha agonists: syntheses and evaluation of benzofuranyl-pyrrole and benzothiophenyl-pyrrole derivatives. J Med Chem 2000; 43:2929-37. [PMID: 10956201 DOI: 10.1021/jm000098s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the course of our studies on retinoic acid receptor (RAR) agonists, we have designed and synthesized a series of benzofuran and benzothiophene derivatives. Some of these compounds (1a,b,e,f,j) markedly inhibited LPS-induced B-lymphocyte proliferation and exerted RARalpha selectivity. One of them, 4-[5-(4,7-dimethylbenzofuran-2-yl)pyrrol-2-yl]benzoic acid (1b), when orally administered significantly inhibited mouse antibody production and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses from a dose of 0.1 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yoshimura
- Tsukuba Basic Research Laboratories for Drug Discovery, Eisai Company, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
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27
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Kikuchi K, Hibi S, Yoshimura H, Tai K, Hida T, Tokuhara N, Yamauchi T, Nagai M. Novel retinoic acid receptor alpha agonists: syntheses and evaluation of pyrazole derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:619-22. [PMID: 10762038 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00066-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We have designed and synthesized a series of pyrazole derivatives as candidate retinoic acid receptor (RAR) agonists. One of them, 4-[5-(1, 5-diisopropyl-1H-3-pyrazolyl)-1H-2-pyrrolyl]benzoic acid (11b), which possesses a 2,5-disubstituted pyrrole moiety, showed selective transactivation activity for the RAR alpha receptor, and had highly potent cell-differentiating activity on HL-60 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kikuchi
- Tsukuba Basic Research Laboratories for Drug Discovery, Eisai Co. Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
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28
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Hibi S, Tagami K, Kikuchi K, Yoshimura H, Tai K, Hida T, Tokuhara N, Yamauchi T, Nagai M. Syntheses and evaluation of naphthalenyl- and chromenyl-pyrrolyl-benzoic acids as potent and selective retinoic acid receptor alpha agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:623-5. [PMID: 10762039 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00067-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and structure activity relationships (SAR) of RAR alpha-selective agonists are discussed. 4-[5-(5,8-Dimethyl-2H-3-chromenyl)-1H-2-pyrrolyl]benzoic acid (12a), which possesses a flat structural moiety and an oxygen atom at the hydrophobic part, showed highly selective transactivation activity at the RAR alpha receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hibi
- Tsukuba Basic Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan.
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