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Hu X, Shrimp JH, Guo H, Xu M, Chen CZ, Zhu W, Zakharov AV, Jain S, Shinn P, Simeonov A, Hall MD, Shen M. Discovery of TMPRSS2 Inhibitors from Virtual Screening as a Potential Treatment of COVID-19. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:1124-1135. [PMID: 34136758 PMCID: PMC8043206 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has prompted researchers to pivot their efforts to finding antiviral compounds and vaccines. In this study, we focused on the human host cell transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), which plays an important role in the viral life cycle by cleaving the spike protein to initiate membrane fusion. TMPRSS2 is an attractive target and has received attention for the development of drugs against SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome. Starting with comparative structural modeling and a binding model analysis, we developed an efficient pharmacophore-based approach and applied a large-scale in silico database screening for small-molecule inhibitors against TMPRSS2. The hits were evaluated in the TMPRSS2 biochemical assay and the SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped particle entry assay. A number of novel inhibitors were identified, providing starting points for the further development of drug candidates for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hu
- National Center
for Advancing
Translational Sciences, National Institutes
of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Jonathan H. Shrimp
- National Center
for Advancing
Translational Sciences, National Institutes
of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Hui Guo
- National Center
for Advancing
Translational Sciences, National Institutes
of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Miao Xu
- National Center
for Advancing
Translational Sciences, National Institutes
of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Catherine Z. Chen
- National Center
for Advancing
Translational Sciences, National Institutes
of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Wei Zhu
- National Center
for Advancing
Translational Sciences, National Institutes
of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Alexey V. Zakharov
- National Center
for Advancing
Translational Sciences, National Institutes
of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Sankalp Jain
- National Center
for Advancing
Translational Sciences, National Institutes
of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Paul Shinn
- National Center
for Advancing
Translational Sciences, National Institutes
of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center
for Advancing
Translational Sciences, National Institutes
of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Matthew D. Hall
- National Center
for Advancing
Translational Sciences, National Institutes
of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Min Shen
- National Center
for Advancing
Translational Sciences, National Institutes
of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
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2
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Hu X, Shrimp JH, Guo H, Xu M, Chen CZ, Zhu W, Zakharov A, Jain S, Shinn P, Simeonov A, Hall MD, Shen M. Discovery of TMPRSS2 inhibitors from virtual screening. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021:2020.12.28.424413. [PMID: 33398276 PMCID: PMC7781311 DOI: 10.1101/2020.12.28.424413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has prompted researchers to pivot their efforts to finding antiviral compounds and vaccines. In this study, we focused on the human host cell transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), which plays an important role in the viral life cycle by cleaving the spike protein to initiate membrane fusion. TMPRSS2 is an attractive target and has received attention for the development of drugs against SARS and MERS. Starting with comparative structural modeling and binding model analysis, we developed an efficient pharmacophore-based approach and applied a large-scale in silico database screening for small molecule inhibitors against TMPRSS2. The hits were evaluated in the TMPRSS2 biochemical assay and the SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped particle (PP) entry assay. A number of novel inhibitors were identified, providing starting points for further development of drug candidates for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, United States
| | - Jonathan H. Shrimp
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, United States
| | - Hui Guo
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, United States
| | - Miao Xu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, United States
| | - Catherine Z. Chen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, United States
| | - Wei Zhu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, United States
| | - Alexey Zakharov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, United States
| | - Sankalp Jain
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, United States
| | - Paul Shinn
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, United States
| | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, United States
| | - Matthew D. Hall
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, United States
| | - Min Shen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, United States
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Hemming K. Recent Developments in the Synthesis, Chemistry and Applications of the Fully Unsaturated 1,2,4-Oxadiazoles. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3184/030823401103169603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent major developments in the synthesis (including solid phase methodologies), chemistry and applications of the fully unsaturated 1,2,4-oxadiazole nucleus are reviewed. The review covers the years 1995–2000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Hemming
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Huddersfield University, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
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4
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Chang M, Chan C. Synthesis of [3,3′-Di- sec-butyl-4′-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)biphenyl-4-yl-oxy]acetic Acid. CHINESE J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201400032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Synthesis and in vitro antiproliferative activity of 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles containing trifluoromethyl benzenesulfonamide moiety. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-0918-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Modulation of 5-HT7 receptor: effect on object recognition performances in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:393-400. [PMID: 23995300 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3247-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent data suggest that 5-HT7 receptors (5-HT7R) are involved in memory processes and, particularly, those related to novelty-induced arousal, even though this remains so far speculative and controversial. In order to assess the role of 5-HT7R in episodic-like memory, mice were administered 5-carboxamidotryptamine (5-CT, a 5-HT1A/1B/1D/7R agonist) and/or SB-269970 (a selective 5-HT7R antagonist) immediately after the acquisition session of the novel object recognition test. MATERIALS AND METHODS The object recognition test was performed in order to assess the effects of modulation of 5-HT7R during consolidation phase on episodic-like memory performances in mice. A protocol including 3 days of familiarisation to the apparatus has been realised in order to decrease the effect of novelty-induced arousal. RESULTS With a 2-h delay, SB-269970 (3 and 10 mg/kg, administered subcutaneously) impaired the discrimination of the novel object. With a 4-h delay, while control mice were not able to discriminate the novel object, mice treated with 5-CT (1 mg/kg) showed a significant discrimination. This promnesic effect with a long delay is effectively mediated by 5-HT7R activation since it was blocked by SB-269970 (10 mg/kg), but not by WAY-100135 (10 mg/kg) or by GR-127935 (10 mg/kg). CONCLUSION These data suggest that 5-HT7R tonically modulates cognitive processes involved in consolidation performances in object recognition. Therefore, 5-HT7R could be a promising target to treat memory dysfunctions (especially episodically related deficits) related to normal or pathological ageing.
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Uphouse L. Pharmacology of serotonin and female sexual behavior. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2013; 121:31-42. [PMID: 24239784 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Revised: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this review, first a historical perspective of serotonin's (5-HT) involvement in female sexual behavior is presented. Then an overview of studies implicating 5-HT is presented. The effect of drugs that increase or decrease CNS levels of 5-HT is reviewed. Evidence is presented that drugs which increase 5-HT have negative effects on female sexual behavior while a decrease in 5-HT is associated with facilitation of sexual behavior. Studies with compounds that act on 5-HT₁, 5-HT₂ or 5-HT₃ receptors are discussed. Most evidence indicates that 5-HT₁A receptor agonists inhibit sexual behavior while 5-HT₂ or 5-HT₃ receptors may exert a positive influence. There is substantial evidence to support a role for 5-HT in the modulation of female consummatory sexual behavior, but studies on the role of 5-HT in other elements of female sexual behavior (e.g. desire, motivation, sexual appetite) are few. Future studies should be directed at determining if these additional components of female sexual behavior are also modulated by 5-HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda Uphouse
- Department of Biology, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX 76204, United States.
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8
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Synthesis ofN-[{5-Aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-yl}methyl]-4-methoxyaniline Derivatives and Their Anticonvulsant Activity. J CHEM-NY 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/121029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of some new 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles4(a–i)have been conveniently synthesized by intramolecular oxidative cyclization of (E)-2-(arylbenzylidene)-2-[(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]acetohydrazides promoted by iodobenzene diacetate as an oxidant. The structures of the synthesized compounds have been confirmed by1H and13C NMR, IR, MS, and elemental analysis. All the newly synthesized compounds were screened for their anticonvulsant activity against maximal electroshock (MES) seizure method. Compounds4g,4d, and4awere found to be the most potent of this series. The same compounds showed no neurotoxicity at the maximum dose administered.
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de Oliveira CS, Lira BF, Barbosa-Filho JM, Lorenzo JGF, de Athayde-Filho PF. Synthetic approaches and pharmacological activity of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles: a review of the literature from 2000-2012. Molecules 2012; 17:10192-231. [PMID: 22926303 PMCID: PMC6268307 DOI: 10.3390/molecules170910192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides readers with an overview of the main synthetic methodologies for 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives, and of their broad spectrum of pharmacological activities as reported over the past twelve years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno Freitas Lira
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-900 João Pessoa-PB, Brazil; (C.S.O.); (B.F.L.)
| | - José Maria Barbosa-Filho
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-900 João Pessoa-PB, Brazil; (J.M.B.-F.); (J.G.F.L.)
| | - Jorge Gonçalo Fernandez Lorenzo
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-900 João Pessoa-PB, Brazil; (J.M.B.-F.); (J.G.F.L.)
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A novel potential therapeutic avenue for autism: design, synthesis and pharmacophore generation of SSRIs with dual action. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:6714-23. [PMID: 21982496 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2011] [Revised: 09/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Autism symptoms are currently modulated by Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs). SSRIs slow onset of action limits their efficiency. The established synergistic activity of SSRIs and 5HT(1B/1D) autoreceptors antagonists motivated us to incorporate SSRIs and 5HT(1B/1D) antagonists in one 'hybrid' molecule. A library of virtual 'hybrid' molecules was designed using the tethering technique. A pharmacophore model was generated derived from 16 structurally diverse SSRIs (K(i)=0.013-5000 nM) and used as 3D query. Compounds with fit values (≥2) were chosen for synthesis and subsequent in vitro biological evaluation. Our pharmacophore model is a promising milestone to a class of SSRIs with dual action.
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Darvesh AS, Carroll RT, Geldenhuys WJ, Gudelsky GA, Klein J, Meshul CK, Van der Schyf CJ. In vivo brain microdialysis: advances in neuropsychopharmacology and drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2011; 6:109-127. [PMID: 21532928 PMCID: PMC3083031 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2011.547189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Microdialysis is an important in vivo sampling technique, useful in the assay of extracellular tissue fluid. The technique has both pre-clinical and clinical applications but is most widely used in neuroscience. The in vivo microdialysis technique allows measurement of neurotransmitters such as acetycholine (ACh), the biogenic amines including dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT), amino acids such as glutamate (Glu) and gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), as well as the metabolites of the aforementioned neurotransmitters, and neuropeptides in neuronal extracellular fluid in discrete brain regions of laboratory animals such as rodents and non-human primates. AREAS COVERED: In this review we present a brief overview of the principles and procedures related to in vivo microdialysis and detail the use of this technique in the pre-clinical measurement of drugs designed to be used in the treatment of chemical addiction, neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and as well as psychiatric disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and schizophrenia. This review offers insight into the tremendous utility and versatility of this technique in pursuing neuropharmacological investigations as well its significant potential in rational drug discovery. EXPERT OPINION: In vivo microdialysis is an extremely versatile technique, routinely used in the neuropharmacological investigation of drugs used for the treatment of neurological disorders. This technique has been a boon in the elucidation of the neurochemical profile and mechanism of action of several classes of drugs especially their effects on neurotransmitter systems. The exploitation and development of this technique for drug discovery in the near future will enable investigational new drug candidates to be rapidly moved into the clinical trial stages and to market thus providing new successful therapies for neurological diseases that are currently in demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altaf S. Darvesh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences-Neurotherapeutics Focus Group, Northeastern Ohio Universities Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
- Psychiatry, Northeastern Ohio Universities Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Richard T. Carroll
- Pharmaceutical Sciences-Neurotherapeutics Focus Group, Northeastern Ohio Universities Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Werner J. Geldenhuys
- Pharmaceutical Sciences-Neurotherapeutics Focus Group, Northeastern Ohio Universities Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Gary A. Gudelsky
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Jochen Klein
- Chemistry, Biochemistry, Pharmacy, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60438, Germany
| | - Charles K. Meshul
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Pathology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Portland Veterans Affairs Research Center, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Cornelis J. Van der Schyf
- Pharmaceutical Sciences-Neurotherapeutics Focus Group, Northeastern Ohio Universities Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
- Neurobiology, Northeastern Ohio Universities Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
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El-Kerdawy MM, El-Bendary ER, Abdel-Aziz AAM, El-wasseef DR, El-Aziz NIA. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of novel fused thiophene derivatives as 5-HT2A receptor antagonists: Molecular modeling study. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:1805-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2008] [Revised: 01/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Terenzi A, Barone G, Palumbo Piccionello A, Giorgi G, Guarcello A, Portanova P, Calvaruso G, Buscemi S, Vivona N, Pace A. Synthesis, characterization, cellular uptake and interaction with native DNA of a bis(pyridyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole copper(ii) complex. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:9140-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00266f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Uphouse L, Hiegel C, Guptarak J, Maswood N. Progesterone reduces the effect of the serotonin 1B/1D receptor antagonist, GR 127935, on lordosis behavior. Horm Behav 2009; 55:169-74. [PMID: 18952090 PMCID: PMC2665997 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2008.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2008] [Revised: 09/25/2008] [Accepted: 09/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ovariectomized rats were hormonally primed with 10 microg estradiol benzoate or with estradiol benzoate plus 500 microg progesterone. Rats received a bilateral infusion with 200 ng of the 5-HT(1B/1D) receptor antagonist, N-[4-methoxy-3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)phenyl]-2'-methyl-4'-(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-1-1'-biphenyl-4-carboxamide hydrochloride (GR 127935), into the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMN), followed by a 5 min restraint or home cage experience. In estrogen-primed females that had experienced minimal handling between ovariectomy and use in the experiment, infusion with the water vehicle transiently inhibited lordosis behavior, and the 5-HT(1B/1D) receptor antagonist amplified this inhibition. There were no effects in rats hormonally primed with estrogen and progesterone. Handling for two days before the experiment reduced the effects of the infusions in estrogen-primed rats. However, when a 5 min restraint experience followed infusion with GR 127935, there was a significant decline in lordosis behavior that persisted for 10 to 15 min after the experience. Regardless of the prior experience or type of infusion, the addition of progesterone to the hormonal priming completely prevented the lordosis inhibition. These findings are consistent with prior evidence that progesterone protects against the inhibitory effects of a 5 min restraint experience on lordosis behavior. Moreover, these are the first experiments to demonstrate an inhibitory effect of a selective 5-HT(1B/1D) receptor antagonist in the VMN on lordosis behavior of estrogen primed, but not estrogen and progesterone primed, ovariectomized rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda Uphouse
- Department of Biology, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX 76204, USA.
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Huang Y, Williams WA. Enhanced selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors as antidepressants: 2004 – 2006. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2007; 17:889-907. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.17.8.889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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16
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Sviridov SI, Vasil'ev AA, Sergovskaya NL, Chirskaya MV, Shorshnev SV. Azidosubstituted arylboronic acids: synthesis and Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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The preparation and resolution of 2-(2-pyridyl)- and 2-(2-pyrazinyl)-Quinazolinap and their application in palladium-catalysed allylic substitution. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Müller CP, Carey RJ, De Souza Silva MA, Jocham G, Huston JP. Cocaine increases serotonergic activity in the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens in vivo: 5-HT1a-receptor antagonism blocks behavioral but potentiates serotonergic activation. Synapse 2002; 45:67-77. [PMID: 12112399 DOI: 10.1002/syn.10083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus is an important mediator of learning and reinforcement, but its role in cocaine effects has received little attention. Neuronal activity in the hippocampus and the nucleus accumbens (Nac) depend on serotonergic (5-HT) transmission. Here we describe for the first time a cocaine-induced increase in 5-HT concentration in the hippocampus and the Nac parallel to behavioral activation. In addition, pretreatment with the 5-HT(1A)-receptor antagonist WAY 100635 blocked the behavioral activation after cocaine while potentiating the 5-HT increase in the hippocampus and the Nac. In vivo microdialysis was used in behaving rats to measure extracellular concentration of 5-HT in the hippocampus and the Nac. Four groups of animals received one of the following drug combinations: WAY 100635 (0.4 mg/kg) and cocaine (10 mg/kg), saline and cocaine (10 mg/kg), WAY 100635 (0.4 mg/kg) and saline, or saline and saline. The injections were administered i.p. and spaced 30 min apart. It was found that 1.) cocaine, at a dose that activates behavior, increases 5-HT levels in the hippocampus and in the Nac, and 2.) 5-HT(1A)-receptor antagonism can cause a dissociation of the hippocampal and Nac 5-HT activity from behavioral activation after cocaine. These results are discussed within the framework of the hippocampal-accumbens projection and its contribution to behavioral activity. They suggest that the hippocampus may have a role in mediating the behavioral and neurochemical effects of cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian P Müller
- Institute of Physiological Psychology I and Center for Biological and Medical Research, University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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