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Zhu R, Jiang G, Tang W, Zhao X, Chen F, Zhang X, Ye N. Aporphines: A privileged scaffold in CNS drug discovery. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 256:115414. [PMID: 37172474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Aporphine alkaloids embedded in 4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline four-ring structures belong to one of the largest subclasses of isoquinoline alkaloids. Aporphine is a privileged scaffold in the field of organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry for the discovery of new therapeutic agents for central nervous system (CNS) diseases, cancer, metabolic syndrome, and other diseases. In the past few decades, aporphine has attracted continuing interest to be widely used to develop selective or multitarget directed ligands (MTDLs) targeting the CNS (e.g., dopamine D1/2/5, serotonin 5-HT1A/2A/2C and 5-HT7, adrenergic α/β receptors, and cholinesterase enzymes), thereby serving as valuable pharmacological probes for mechanism studies or as potential leads for CNS drug discovery. The aims of the present review are to highlight the diverse CNS activities of aporphines, discuss their SAR, and briefly summarize general synthetic routes, which will pave the way for the design and development of new aporphine derivatives as promising CNS active drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfeng Zhu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Guangqian Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Wanyu Tang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xiaobao Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Fan Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xiaoya Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Na Ye
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
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Karki A, Namballa HK, Alberts I, Harding WW. Structural manipulation of aporphines via C10 nitrogenation leads to the identification of new 5-HT 7AR ligands. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115578. [PMID: 32631561 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aporphine alkaloids containing a C10 nitrogen motif were synthesized and evaluated for affinity at 5-HT1AR, 5-HT2AR, 5-HT6R and 5-HT7AR. Three series of racemic aporphines were investigated: 1,2,10-trisubstituted, C10 N-monosubstituted and compounds containing a C10 benzofused aminothiazole moiety. The 1,2,10-trisubstituted series of compounds as a group displayed modest selectivity for 5-HT7AR and also had moderate 5-HT7AR affinity. Compounds from the C10 N-monosubstituted series generally lacked affinity for 5-HT2AR and 5-HT6R and showed strong affinity for 5-HT1A or 5-HT7AR. Compounds in this series that contained an N6-methyl group were up to 27-fold selective for 5-HT7AR over 5-HT1AR, whereas compounds with an N6-propyl substituent showed a reversal in this selectivity. The C10 benzofused aminothiazole analogues showed a similar binding profile as the C10 N-monosubstituted series i.e. strong affinity for 5-HT1AR or 5-HT7AR, with selectivity between the two receptors being similarly influenced by N6-methyl or N6-propyl substituents. Compounds 29 and 34a exhibit high 5-HT7AR affinity, excellent selectivity versus dopamine receptors and function as antagonists in 5-HT7AR cAMP-based assays. Compounds 29 and 34a have been identified as new lead molecules for further tool and pharmaceutical optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Karki
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, NY 10065, USA; Program in Biochemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, 365 5(th) Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Hari K Namballa
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ian Alberts
- LaGuardia Community College, Department of Chemistry, 31-10 Thompson Avenue, LIC, NY 11104, USA
| | - Wayne W Harding
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, NY 10065, USA; Program in Biochemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, 365 5(th) Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; Program in Chemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, 365 5(th) Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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5-HT1A receptor pharmacophores to screen for off-target activity of α1-adrenoceptor antagonists. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2013; 27:305-19. [PMID: 23625023 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-013-9647-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The α1-adrenoceptors (α1-ARs), in particular the α1A-AR subtype, are current therapeutic targets of choice for the treatment of urogenital conditions, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Due to the similarity between the transmembrane domains of the α1-AR subtypes, and the serotonin receptor subtype 1A (5-HT1A-R), currently used α1-AR subtype-selective drugs to treat BPH display considerable off-target affinity for the 5-HT1A-R, leading to side effects. We describe the construction and validation of pharmacophores for 5-HT1A-R agonists and antagonists. Through the structural diversity of the training sets used in their development, these pharmacophores define the properties of a compound needed to bind to 5-HT1A receptors. Using these and previously published pharmacophores in virtual screening and profiling, we have identified unique chemical compounds (hits) that fit the requirements to bind to our target, the α1A-AR, selectively over the off-target, the 5-HT1A-R. Selected hits have been obtained and their affinities for α1A-AR, α1B-AR and 5-HT1A-R determined in radioligand binding assays, using membrane preparations which contain human receptors expressed individually. Three of the tested hits demonstrate statistically significant selectivity for α1A-AR over 5-HT1A-R. All seven tested hits bind to α1A-AR, with two compounds displaying K i values below 1 μM, and a further two K i values of around 10 μM. The insights and knowledge gained through the development of the new 5-HT1A-R pharmacophores will greatly aid in the design and synthesis of derivatives of our lead compound, and allow the generation of more efficacious and selective ligands.
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Larghi EL, Operto MA, Torres R, Kaufman TS. Synthesis and classical pathway Complement inhibitory activity of C7-functionalized filifolinol derivatives, inspired in K-76 COOH. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 55:74-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Leopoldo M, Lacivita E, Berardi F, Perrone R, Hedlund PB. Serotonin 5-HT7 receptor agents: Structure-activity relationships and potential therapeutic applications in central nervous system disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2010; 129:120-48. [PMID: 20923682 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Since its discovery in the 1940s in serum, the mammalian intestinal mucosa, and in the central nervous system, serotonin (5-HT) has been shown to be involved in virtually all cognitive and behavioral human functions, and alterations in its neurochemistry have been implicated in the etiology of a plethora of neuropsychiatric disorders. The cloning of 5-HT receptor subtypes has been of importance in enabling them to be classified as specific protein molecules encoded by specific genes. The 5-HT(7) receptor is the most recently classified member of the serotonin receptor family. Since its identification, it has been the subject of intense research efforts driven by its presence in functionally relevant regions of the brain. The availability of some selective antagonists and agonists, in combination with genetically modified mice lacking the 5-HT(7) receptor, has allowed for a better understanding of the pathophysiological role of this receptor. This paper reviews data on localization and pharmacological properties of the 5-HT(7) receptor, and summarizes the results of structure-activity relationship studies aimed at the discovery of selective 5-HT(7) receptor ligands. Additionally, an overview of the potential therapeutic applications of 5-HT(7) receptor agonists and antagonists in central nervous system disorders is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Leopoldo
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università degli Studi di Bari "A. Moro", via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
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Suckling CJ, Murphy JA, Khalaf AI, Zhou SZ, Lizos DE, van Nhien AN, Yasumatsu H, McVie A, Young LC, McCraw C, Waterman PG, Morris BJ, Pratt JA, Harvey AL. M4 agonists/5HT7 antagonists with potential as antischizophrenic drugs: Serominic compounds. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:2649-55. [PMID: 17317171 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.01.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2006] [Revised: 01/29/2007] [Accepted: 01/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic low-dose treatment of rats with the psychomimetic drug, phencyclidine, induces regionally specific metabolic and neurochemical changes in the CNS that mirror those observed in the brains of schizophrenic patients. Recent evidence suggests that drugs targeting serotoninergic and muscarinic receptors, and in particular 5-HT(7) antagonists and M(4) agonists, exert beneficial effects in this model of schizophrenia. Compounds that display this combined pattern of activity we refer to as serominic compounds. Based upon leads from natural product screening, we have designed and synthesised such serominic compounds, which are principally arylamidine derivatives of tetrahydroisoquinolines, and shown that they have the required serominic profile in ligand binding assays and show potential antipsychotic activity in functional assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin J Suckling
- Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, UK.
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Zhang A, Zhang Y, Branfman AR, Baldessarini RJ, Neumeyer JL. Advances in development of dopaminergic aporphinoids. J Med Chem 2007; 50:171-81. [PMID: 17228858 DOI: 10.1021/jm060959i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ao Zhang
- Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Kołaczkowski M, Nowak M, Pawłowski M, Bojarski AJ. Receptor-based pharmacophores for serotonin 5-HT7R antagonists-implications to selectivity. J Med Chem 2007; 49:6732-41. [PMID: 17154504 DOI: 10.1021/jm060300c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A set of 31 diversified 5-HT7 receptor antagonists was automatically docked to a conformational ensemble of rhodopsin-based 5-HT7R models (flexible docking). It was found that ergolines, aporphines, and tricyclic psychotropic agents were always docked in a pocket formed by TMHs 4-6, and besides the main ionic bond with Asp3.32, they had specific interactions with Phe6.52, Phe6.51, Trp6.48, and Ser5.42. The arylpiperidine, arylpiperazine, or beta-carboline fragment of the complex ligands occupied the same pocket, whereas the terminal amide/imide part of those compounds reached the second cavity formed by TMHs 7-3 and interacted with Phe3.28, Arg7.36, and Tyr7.43. A similar orientation of selective antagonists of the group of arylsulfonamidoalkylamines was observed, that is, the sulfonamide part was located in the second pocket. Coherent docking results allowed the generation of two receptor-based pharmacophores: first containing features necessary for high 5-HT7R affinity and the other defining selectivity for this receptor subtype. The latter model indicated the importance of specific interactions with the residues of the TMHs 7-3 pocket (especially nonconserved Arg7.36) for selectivity over other monoamine GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Kołaczkowski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland.
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Slassi A, Isaac M, Xin T. Recent progress in 5-HT7receptors: potential treatment of central and peripheral nervous system diseases. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.14.7.1009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Holmberg P, Sohn D, Leideborg R, Caldirola P, Zlatoidsky P, Hanson S, Mohell N, Rosqvist S, Nordvall G, Johansson AM, Johansson R. Novel 2-aminotetralin and 3-aminochroman derivatives as selective serotonin 5-HT7 receptor agonists and antagonists. J Med Chem 2004; 47:3927-30. [PMID: 15267230 DOI: 10.1021/jm0498102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The understanding of the physiological role of the G-protein coupled serotonin 5-HT(7) receptor is largely rudimentary. Therefore, selective and potent pharmacological tools will add to the understanding of serotonergic effects mediated through this receptor. In this report, we describe two compound classes, chromans and tetralins, encompassing compounds with nanomolar affinity for the 5-HT(7) receptor and with good selectivity. Within theses classes, we have discovered both agonists and antagonists that can be used for further understanding of the pharmacology of the 5-HT(7) receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pär Holmberg
- Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Glennon
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0540, USA.
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Linnanen T, Brisander M, Unelius L, Rosqvist S, Nordvall G, Hacksell U, Johansson AM. Atropisomeric derivatives of 2',6'-disubstituted (R)-11-phenylaporphine: selective serotonin 5-HT(7) receptor antagonists. J Med Chem 2001; 44:1337-40. [PMID: 11311055 DOI: 10.1021/jm0108505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Linnanen
- Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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Linnanen T, Brisander M, Mohell N, Johansson AM. Serotonergic and dopaminergic activities of rigidified (R)-aporphine derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:367-70. [PMID: 11212112 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00655-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Novel rigidified (R)-aporphine derivatives were synthesized from (R)-1,11-carbonylaporphine by ring expansion reactions. The structures of the novel analogues were assigned by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. The compounds showed moderate affinities and selectivities at serotonin S-HT1A and 5-HT7 and dopamine D2A receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Linnanen
- Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Sweden
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