1
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Naik HM, Kumar S, Reddy JV, Gonzalez JE, McConnell BO, Dhara VG, Wang T, Yu M, Antoniewicz MR, Betenbaugh MJ. Chemical inhibitors of hexokinase-2 enzyme reduce lactate accumulation, alter glycosylation processing, and produce altered glycoforms in CHO cell cultures. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:2559-2577. [PMID: 37148536 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, predominant hosts for recombinant biotherapeutics production, generate lactate as a major glycolysis by-product. High lactate levels adversely impact cell growth and productivity. The goal of this study was to reduce lactate in CHO cell cultures by adding chemical inhibitors to hexokinase-2 (HK2), the enzyme catalyzing the conversion of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate, and examine their impact on lactate accumulation, cell growth, protein titers, and N-glycosylation. Five inhibitors of HK2 enzyme at different concentrations were evaluated, of which 2-deoxy- d-glucose (2DG) and 5-thio- d-glucose (5TG) successfully reduced lactate accumulation with only limited impacts on CHO cell growth. Individual 2DG and 5TG supplementation led to a 35%-45% decrease in peak lactate, while their combined supplementation resulted in a 60% decrease in peak lactate. Inhibitor supplementation led to at least 50% decrease in moles of lactate produced per mol of glucose consumed. Recombinant EPO-Fc titers peaked earlier relative to the end of culture duration in supplemented cultures leading to at least 11% and as high as 32% increase in final EPO-Fc titers. Asparagine, pyruvate, and serine consumption rates also increased in the exponential growth phase in 2DG and 5TG treated cultures, thus, rewiring central carbon metabolism due to low glycolytic fluxes. N-glycan analysis of EPO-Fc revealed an increase in high mannose glycans from 5% in control cultures to 25% and 37% in 2DG and 5TG-supplemented cultures, respectively. Inhibitor supplementation also led to a decrease in bi-, tri-, and tetra-antennary structures and up to 50% lower EPO-Fc sialylation. Interestingly, addition of 2DG led to the incorporation of 2-deoxy-hexose (2DH) on EPO-Fc N-glycans and addition of 5TG resulted in the first-ever observed N-glycan incorporation of 5-thio-hexose (5TH). Six percent to 23% of N-glycans included 5TH moieties, most likely 5-thio-mannose and/or 5-thio-galactose and/or possibly 5-thio-N-acetylglucosamine, and 14%-33% of N-glycans included 2DH moieties, most likely 2-deoxy-mannose and/or 2-deoxy-galactose, for cultures treated with different concentrations of 5TG and 2DG, respectively. Our study is the first to evaluate the impact of these glucose analogs on CHO cell growth, protein production, cell metabolism, N-glycosylation processing, and formation of alternative glycoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harnish Mukesh Naik
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Swetha Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jayanth Venkatarama Reddy
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Brian O McConnell
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Metabolic Engineering and Systems Biology Laboratory, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Venkata Gayatri Dhara
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tiexin Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Marcella Yu
- Process Science Cell Culture, Boehringer Ingelheim Fremont, Inc., Fremont, California, USA
- currently at Upstream Process Development, Sutro Biopharma, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Maciek R Antoniewicz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael J Betenbaugh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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2
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Jebeli Javan M. Effect of multiple & cooperative intramolecular hydrogen bonding on polyhydroxylated thiopyrans acidities: Detailed view from AIM & NBO analyses. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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3
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Zimmermann M, Nguyen M, Schultheiss CM, Kolmar H, Zimmer A. Use of 5-Thio-L-Fucose to modulate binding affinity of therapeutic proteins. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:1818-1831. [PMID: 33501689 PMCID: PMC8248388 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The reduction of antibody core-fucosylation is known to enhance antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). In this study, 5-Thio-l-Fucose (ThioFuc) was investigated as a media and feed supplement for modulating the fucosylation profile of therapeutic proteins and, thereby, improving the resulting effector functions. Glycan analysis of five different therapeutic proteins produced by a diverse set of Chinese hamster ovary cell lines demonstrated a clone dependent impact of ThioFuc treatment. Using rituximab as a model, an efficient dose- and time-dependent reduction of core-fucosylation up to a minimum of 5% were obtained by ThioFuc. Besides a concomitant increase in the afucosylation level up to 48%, data also revealed up to 47% incorporation of ThioFuc in place of core-fucosylation. In accordance with the glycan data, antibodies produced in the presence of ThioFuc revealed an enhanced FcγRIIIa binding up to 7.7-fold. Furthermore, modified antibodies subjected to a cell-based ADCC reporter bioassay proved to exert both a 1.5-fold enhanced ADCC efficacy and 2.6-fold enhancement in potency in comparison to their native counterparts-both of which contribute to an improvement in the ADCC activity. In conclusion, ThioFuc is a potent fucose derivative with potential applications in drug development processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Zimmermann
- Life Science, Upstream R&D, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany.,Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Melanie Nguyen
- Life Science, Upstream R&D, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Aline Zimmer
- Life Science, Upstream R&D, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
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4
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Ju Kim E. O‐GlcNAc Transferase: Structural Characteristics, Catalytic Mechanism and Small‐Molecule Inhibitors. Chembiochem 2020; 21:3026-3035. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ju Kim
- Department of Science Education-Chemistry Major Daegu University Gyeongsan-si, GyeongBuk 712-714 South Korea
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5
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Al Bujuq N. Strategies for introducing sulfur atom in a sugar ring: synthesis of 5-thioaldopyranoses and their NMR data. J Sulphur Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2019.1616734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nader Al Bujuq
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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6
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Sakono M, Seko A, Takeda Y, Hachisu M, Koizumi A, Fujikawa K, Seto H, Ito Y. Influence of high-mannose glycan whose glucose moiety is substituted with 5-thioglucose on calnexin/calreticulin cycle. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra16476e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study first revealed that UDP-5-thioglucose functions as a glycosyl donor of UDP-glucose: glycoprotein glucosyltransferase to produce 5-thio-glucosylated Man9 (5S-G1M9).
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Sakono
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)
- ERATO Ito Glycotrilogy Project
- Wako
- Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry
| | - Akira Seko
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)
- ERATO Ito Glycotrilogy Project
- Wako
- Japan
| | - Yoichi Takeda
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)
- ERATO Ito Glycotrilogy Project
- Wako
- Japan
- Department of Biotechnology
| | - Masakazu Hachisu
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)
- ERATO Ito Glycotrilogy Project
- Wako
- Japan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology
| | - Akihiko Koizumi
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)
- ERATO Ito Glycotrilogy Project
- Wako
- Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Kohki Fujikawa
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)
- ERATO Ito Glycotrilogy Project
- Wako
- Japan
- SUNTORY Foundation for Life Sciences
| | - Hideharu Seto
- Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory
- RIKEN
- Wako
- Japan
| | - Yukishige Ito
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)
- ERATO Ito Glycotrilogy Project
- Wako
- Japan
- Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory
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7
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Xu Z. A review on the chemical synthesis of pyrophosphate bonds in bioactive nucleoside diphosphate analogs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:3777-83. [PMID: 26189080 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.06.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there is an ongoing interest in the synthesis of nucleoside diphosphate analogs as important regulators in catabolism/anabolism, and their potential applications as mechanistic probes and chemical tools for bioassays. However, the pyrophosphate bond formation step remains as the bottleneck. In this Digest, the chemical synthesis of the pyrophosphate bonds of representative bioactive nucleoside diphosphate analogs, i.e. phosphorus-modified analogs, nucleoside cyclic diphosphates, and nucleoside diphosphate conjugates, will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Box 90346, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States; Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN 56301, United States.
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8
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Kim EJ, Bond MR, Love DC, Hanover JA. Chemical tools to explore nutrient-driven O-GlcNAc cycling. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 49:327-42. [PMID: 25039763 DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2014.931338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTM) including glycosylation, phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation and ubiquitination dynamically alter the proteome. The evolutionarily conserved enzymes O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase are responsible for the addition and removal, respectively, of the nutrient-sensitive PTM of protein serine and threonine residues with O-GlcNAc. Indeed, the O-GlcNAc modification acts at every step in the "central dogma" of molecular biology and alters signaling pathways leading to amplified or blunted biological responses. The cellular roles of OGT and the dynamic PTM O-GlcNAc have been clarified with recently developed chemical tools including high-throughput assays, structural and mechanistic studies and potent enzyme inhibitors. These evolving chemical tools complement genetic and biochemical approaches for exposing the underlying biological information conferred by O-GlcNAc cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun J Kim
- Department of Science Education-Chemistry Major, Daegu University , Daegu , S. Korea and
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9
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Dabrowski-Tumanski P, Kowalska J, Jemielity J. Efficient and Rapid Synthesis of Nucleoside Diphosphate Sugars from Nucleoside Phosphorimidazolides. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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10
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Zandberg WF, Kumarasamy J, Pinto BM, Vocadlo DJ. Metabolic inhibition of sialyl-Lewis X biosynthesis by 5-thiofucose remodels the cell surface and impairs selectin-mediated cell adhesion. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:40021-30. [PMID: 23019334 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.403568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialyl-Lewis X (sLe(X)) is a tetrasaccharide that serves as a ligand for the set of cell adhesion proteins known as selectins. This interaction enables adhesion of leukocytes and cancer cells to endothelial cells within capillaries, resulting in their extravasation into tissues. The last step in sLe(X) biosynthesis is the α1,3-fucosyltrasferase (FUT)-catalyzed transfer of an L-fucose residue to carbohydrate acceptors. Impairing FUT activity compromises leukocyte homing to sites of inflammation and renders cancer cells less malignant. Inhibition of FUTs is, consequently, of great interest, but efforts to generate glycosyltransferase inhibitors, including FUT inhibitors, has proven challenging. Here we describe a metabolic engineering strategy to inhibit the biosynthesis of sLe(X) in cancer cells using peracetylated 5-thio-L-fucose (5T-Fuc). We show that 5T-Fuc is taken up by cancer cells and then converted into a sugar nucleotide analog, GDP-5T-Fuc, that blocks FUT activity and limits sLe(X) presentation on HepG2 cells with an EC(50) in the low micromolar range. GDP-5T-Fuc itself does not get transferred by either FUT3 or FUT7 at a measurable rate. We further demonstrate that treatment of cells with 5T-Fuc impaired their adhesive properties to immobilized adhesion molecules and human endothelial cells. 5T-Fuc, therefore, is a useful probe that can be used to modulate sLe(X) levels in cells to evaluate the consequences of inhibiting FUT-mediated sLe(X) formation. These data also reveal the utility of using sugar analogues that lead to formation of donor substrate analogues within cells as a general approach to blocking glycosyltransferases in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley F Zandberg
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr., Burnaby V5A 1S6, Canada
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11
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Zandberg WF, Gao N, Kumarasamy J, Lehrman MA, Seidah NG, Pinto BM. 5-thiomannosides block the biosynthesis of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides and mimic class I congenital disorders of glycosylation. Chembiochem 2012; 13:392-401. [PMID: 22262650 PMCID: PMC3433809 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201100647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In a cell-based assay for novel inhibitors, we have discovered that two glycosides of 5-thiomannose, each containing an interglycosidic nitrogen atom, prevented the correct zymogen processing of the prohormone proopiomelanocortinin (POMC) and the transcription factor sterol-regulatory element-binding protein-2 (SREBP-2) in mouse pituitary cells and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, respectively. In the case of SREBP-2, these effects were correlated with the altered N-linked glycosylation of subtilisin/kexin-like isozyme-1 (SKI-1), the protease responsible for SREBP-2 processing under sterol-limiting conditions. Further examination of the effects of these compounds in CHO cells showed that they cause extensive protein hypoglycosylation in a manner similar to type I congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs) since the remaining N-glycans in treated cells were complete (normal) structures. The under-glycosylation of glycoproteins in 5-thiomannoside-treated cells is now shown to be caused by the compromised biosynthesis of the dolichol-linked oligosaccharide (DLO) N-glycosylation donor, although the nucleotide sugars required for the synthesis of DLOs were neither reduced under these conditions, nor were their effects reversed upon the addition of exogenous mannose. Analysis of DLO intermediates by fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis demonstrated that 5-thiomannose-containing glycosides block DLO biosynthesis most likely at a stage prior to the GlcNAc(2) Man(3) intermediate, on the cytosolic face of the endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley F Zandberg
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada, V5A 1S6
| | - Ningguo Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, UT-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA, 75390-9041
| | | | - Mark A Lehrman
- Department of Pharmacology, UT-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA, 75390-9041
| | - Nabil G Seidah
- Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, 110 Pine Avenue West Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - B Mario Pinto
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada, V5A 1S6
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12
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Tsukamoto H, Kahne D. N-methylimidazolium chloride-catalyzed pyrophosphate formation: application to the synthesis of Lipid I and NDP-sugar donors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:5050-3. [PMID: 21592792 PMCID: PMC3156252 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
N-Methylimidazolium chloride is found to catalyze a coupling reaction between monophosphates and activated phosphorous-nitrogen intermediates such as a phosphorimidazolide and phosphoromorpholidate to form biologically important unsymmetrical pyrophosphate diesters. The catalyst is much more active, cheaper, and less explosive than 1H-tetrazole, known as the best catalyst for the pyrophosphate formation over a decade. The mild and neutral reaction conditions are compatible with allylic pyrophosphate formation in Lipid I syntheisis. (31)P NMR experiments suggest that the catalyst acts not only as an acid but also as a nucleophile to form cationic and electrophilic phosphor-N-methylimidazolide intermediates in the pyrophosphate formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Tsukamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Daniel Kahne
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
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13
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Diphosphate formation using cyanuric chloride or triisopropylbenzenesulfonyl chloride as the activating agents. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Gloster TM, Zandberg WF, Heinonen JE, Shen DL, Deng L, Vocadlo DJ. Hijacking a biosynthetic pathway yields a glycosyltransferase inhibitor within cells. Nat Chem Biol 2011; 7:174-81. [PMID: 21258330 PMCID: PMC3202988 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glycosyltransferases are ubiquitous enzymes that catalyze the assembly of glycoconjugates throughout all kingdoms of nature. A long-standing problem is the rational design of probes that can be used to manipulate glycosyltransferase activity in cells and tissues. Here we describe the rational design and synthesis of a nucleotide sugar analog that inhibits, with high potency both in vitro and in cells, the human glycosyltransferase responsible for the reversible post-translational modification of nucleocytoplasmic proteins with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine residues (O-GlcNAc). We show that the enzymes of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway can transform, both in vitro and in cells, a synthetic carbohydrate precursor into the nucleotide sugar analog. Treatment of cells with the precursor lowers O-GlcNAc in a targeted manner with a single-digit micromolar EC(50). This approach to inhibition of glycosyltransferases should be applicable to other members of this superfamily of enzymes and enable their manipulation in a biological setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey M Gloster
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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15
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A β‐1,4‐Galactosyltransferase fromHelicobacter pyloriis an Efficient and Versatile Biocatalyst Displaying a Novel Activity for Thioglycoside Synthesis. Chembiochem 2008; 9:1632-40. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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16
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A novel 5-thioglycosylation method with 1,5-dithioglycosyl donors: relevance to exo- versus endocyclic activation. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Ciliberti E, Galvani R, Gramazio F, Haddas S, Leonelli F, Passacantilli P, Piancatelli G. Glycals in Organic Synthesis: A Systematic Strategy for the Preparation of Uncommon Piperidine 1,2-Dideoxy-L-azasugars and 2-Deoxy-1,5-anhydro-L-hexitols. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200600959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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18
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Aguirre‐Valderrama A, Dobado JA. Conformational Analysis of Thiosugars: Theoretical NMR Chemical Shifts and3JH,HCoupling Constants of 5‐Thio‐Pyranose Monosaccharides. J Carbohydr Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/07328300600966471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alonso Aguirre‐Valderrama
- a Grupo de Modelización y Diseño Molecular, Departamento de Química Orgánica , Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada , Granada, Spain
| | - José A. Dobado
- a Grupo de Modelización y Diseño Molecular, Departamento de Química Orgánica , Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada , Granada, Spain
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19
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Passacantilli P, Centore C, Ciliberti E, Leonelli F, Piancatelli G. A Highly Efficient and Stereocontrolled Synthesis of 2-Deoxy-1,5-thioanhydro-L-hexitols fromD-Glycals in a Tandem Nucleophilic Displacement Reaction. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200600010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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20
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Rowan AS, Hamilton CJ. Recent developments in preparative enzymatic syntheses of carbohydrates. Nat Prod Rep 2006; 23:412-43. [PMID: 16741587 DOI: 10.1039/b409898f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Rowan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building
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21
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Izumi M, Kaneko S, Yuasa H, Hashimoto H. Synthesis of bisubstrate analogues targeting α-1,3-fucosyltransferase and their activities. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:681-90. [PMID: 16467942 DOI: 10.1039/b513897c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We designed two bisubstrate analogues targeting alpha-1,3-fucosyltransferases, based on the three dimensional structure of Lewis X, which is the product of a alpha-1,3-fucosyltransferase reaction. We selected guanosine-5'-diphospho-L-galactose as a donor mimic and 2-hydroxyethyl beta-D-galactoside as an acceptor mimic, and tethered these two mimics with a methylene or ethylene linker. For the synthesis, the 6-position of L-galactose and the 6-position of D-galactose were first tethered via a methylene or ethylene linker. The L-galactose moiety was then converted to a GDP derivative. Both bisubstrate analogues were moderate inhibitors against alpha-1,3-fucosyltransferase V and VI. The fact that they were substrates of alpha-1,3-fucosyltransferase VI suggested that these compounds bound to the donor binding site, but not to the acceptor binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Izumi
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midiori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan.
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22
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Izumi M, Tsuruta O, Kajihara Y, Yazawa S, Yuasa H, Hashimoto H. Synthesis and Evaluation of 5-Thio-L-Fucose-Containing Oligosaccharide. Chemistry 2005; 11:3032-8. [PMID: 15770712 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200400831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
5-Thio-L-fucose-containing trisaccharide H-type II was synthesized. The 3',4'-O-isopropylidene-2-azido-2-deoxylactoside derivative, which was prepared from lactose by azidonitration of lactal, was used as a starting material. By regio- and stereoselective 5-thio-L-fucosylation of the 6,6'-dibenzoate 5 with 5-thiofucosyl trichloroacetimidate 6 and subsequent deprotection gave the 5-thio-L-fucose-containing H-type II 1. Conformational analysis of the 5-thio-L-fucose-containing H-type II and the native H-type II was carried out through NOESY experiments. The observed NOE values between N-acetylglucosamine and galactose, and galactose and fucose were same for these two trisaccharides. However, NOE values between fucose and N-acetylglucosamine were significantly different. Binding of the 5-thio-L-fucose-containing H-type II to lectins and antibodies were in some case stronger and in some case weaker than those of the native trisaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Izumi
- Department of Life Science, Graduate school of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Yokohama 226-8501,
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Ko KS, Zea CJ, Pohl NL. Surprising Bacterial Nucleotidyltransferase Selectivity in the Conversion of Carbaglucose-1-phosphate. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:13188-9. [PMID: 15479049 DOI: 10.1021/ja045522j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The drive to understand the molecular determinants of carbohydrate binding as well as the search for more chemically and biochemically stable sugar derivatives and carbohydrate-based therapeutics has led to the synthesis of a variety of analogues that replace the glycosidic oxygen with sulfur or carbon. In contrast, the effect of substitution of the ring oxygen on the conformations and enzymatic tolerance of sugars has been largely neglected, in part because of the difficulty in obtaining these analogues. Herein we report the first synthesis of the carbocyclic version of the most common naturally occurring sugar-1-phosphate, glucose-1-phosphate, and its evaluation with bacterial and eukaryotic sugar nucleotidyltransferases. In contrast to results with the eukaryotic enzyme, the carbaglucose-1-phosphate serves as a substrate for the bacterial enzyme to provide the carbocyclic uridinediphosphoglucose. This result demonstrates the first chemoenzymatic strategy to this class of glycosyltransferase inhibitors and stable activated sugar mimics for cocrystallization with glycosyltransferases and their glycosyl acceptors. This difference in turnover between enzymes also suggests the possibility of using sugar nucleotidyltransferases in vivo to convert prodrug forms of glycosyltransferase inhibitors. In addition, we report several microwave-assisted reactions, including a five minute Ferrier rearrangement with palladium, that accelerate the synthesis of carbocyclic sugars for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Seuk Ko
- Department of Chemistry and the Plant Sciences Institute, Gilman Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Wes W C Quigley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, USA
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