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Liu M, Qin X, Ye XS. Glycan Assembly Strategy: From Concept to Application. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3256-3277. [PMID: 34498347 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glycans have been hot topics in recent years due to their exhibition of numerous biological activities. However, the heterogeneity of their natural source and the complexity of their chemical synthesis impede the progress in their biological research. Thus, the development of glycan assembly strategies to acquire plenty of structurally well-defined glycans is an important issue in carbohydrate chemistry. In this review, the latest advances in glycan assembly strategies from concepts to their applications in carbohydrate synthesis, including chemical and enzymatic/chemo-enzymatic approaches, as well as solution-phase and solid-phase/tag-assisted synthesis, are summarized. Furthermore, the automated glycan assembly techniques are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xianjin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
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2
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Martin Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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3
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Pistorio SG, Nigudkar SS, Stine KJ, Demchenko AV. HPLC-Assisted Automated Oligosaccharide Synthesis: Implementation of the Autosampler as a Mode of the Reagent Delivery. J Org Chem 2016; 81:8796-8805. [PMID: 27575052 PMCID: PMC5496006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of a useful methodology for simple, scalable, and transformative automation of oligosaccharide synthesis that easily interfaces with existing methods is reported. The automated synthesis can now be performed using accessible equipment where the reactants and reagents are delivered by the pump or the autosampler and the reactions can be monitored by the UV detector. The HPLC-based platform for automation is easy to setup and adapt to different systems and targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore G. Pistorio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri—St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Swati S. Nigudkar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri—St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Keith J. Stine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri—St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Alexei V. Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri—St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
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4
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Abstract
The development of glycobiology relies on the sources of particular oligosaccharides in their purest forms. As the isolation of the oligosaccharide structures from natural sources is not a reliable option for providing samples with homogeneity, chemical means become pertinent. The growing demand for diverse oligosaccharide structures has prompted the advancement of chemical strategies to stitch sugar molecules with precise stereo- and regioselectivity through the formation of glycosidic bonds. This Review will focus on the key developments towards chemical O-glycosylations in the current century. Synthesis of novel glycosyl donors and acceptors and their unique activation for successful glycosylation are discussed. This Review concludes with a summary of recent developments and comments on future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Das
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) KolkataMohanpurNadia741246India
| | - Balaram Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) KolkataMohanpurNadia741246India
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5
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Sanhueza CA, Cartmell J, El-Hawiet A, Szpacenko A, Kitova EN, Daneshfar R, Klassen JS, Lang DE, Eugenio L, Ng KKS, Kitov PI, Bundle DR. Evaluation of a focused virtual library of heterobifunctional ligands for Clostridium difficile toxins. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:283-98. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01838a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Higher activity glycopeptoid ligands for two largeClostridium difficiletoxins TcdA and TcdB were discoveredviamodular fragment-based design and virtual screening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amr El-Hawiet
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Adam Szpacenko
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | | | | | | | - Dean E. Lang
- Department of Biological Sciences
- University of Calgary
- Calgary
- Canada
| | - Luiz Eugenio
- Department of Biological Sciences
- University of Calgary
- Calgary
- Canada
| | - Kenneth K.-S. Ng
- Department of Biological Sciences
- University of Calgary
- Calgary
- Canada
| | - Pavel I. Kitov
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
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6
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Dang AT, Johnson MA, Bundle DR. Synthesis of a Candida albicans tetrasaccharide spanning the β1,2-mannan phosphodiester α-mannan junction. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 10:8348-60. [PMID: 22996034 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26355f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The cell wall phosphomannan of Candida species is a complex N-linked glycoprotein with a glycan chain containing predominantly an α-linked mannose backbone with α-mannose branches. A minor β-mannan component is attached to the branches either via a glycosidic bond (acid stable β-mannan) or a phosphodiester bond (acid-labile β-mannan). The α-mannan residues of the cell wall phosphomannan do not afford protective antibody, while the β-mannan portion is a protective antigen and has become an attractive target as the key epitope of a conjugate vaccine. We report the first synthesis of a tetrasaccharide 1 consisting of a β1,2-mannopyranosyl trisaccharide linked via a phosphodiester to methyl α-mannopyranoside. This encompasses the attachment site of the acid labile β-mannan to the α-mannan component of the cell wall phosphomannan. The trisaccharide was formed by an iterative process to first create a β-glucopyranoside linkage and then epimerize the C-2 center via an oxidation-reduction sequence. The phosphate diester linkage was accessed via an anomeric H-phosphonate. The binding of phosphomannan fragment 1 with the protective antibody C3.1 has been evaluated and compared with a β-mannotrioside in hapten inhibition experiments. The observed activities are rationalized with a model for docked in the binding site of C3.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh-Thu Dang
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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7
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Ma Q, Sun S, Meng XB, Li Q, Li SC, Li ZJ. Assembly of Homolinear α(1→2)-Linked Nonamannoside on Ionic Liquid Support. J Org Chem 2011; 76:5652-60. [DOI: 10.1021/jo2006126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Sun
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Bao Meng
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Qing Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Chun Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Jun Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
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8
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Zhuo C, Xian D, Hui X, Mei L. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of 3,5-Disubstituted Thiohydantoins Using Functional Ionic Liquid as Soluble Support. HETEROCYCLES 2011. [DOI: 10.3987/com-10-12086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Manabe S, Ishii K, Ito Y. N-Benzyl-2,3-trans-Carbamate-Bearing Glycosyl Donors for 1,2-cis-Selective Glycosylation Reactions. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201001278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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10
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Boltje TJ, Kim JH, Park J, Boons GJ. Chiral-auxiliary-mediated 1,2-cis-glycosylations for the solid-supported synthesis of a biologically important branched alpha-glucan. Nat Chem 2010; 2:552-7. [PMID: 20571573 PMCID: PMC2892400 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2009] [Accepted: 03/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Solid-phase oligosaccharide synthesis offers the promise of providing libraries of oligosaccharides for glycomics research. A major stumbling block to solid-phase oligosaccharide synthesis has been a lack of general methods for the stereoselective installation of 1,2-cis-glycosides, and intractable mixtures of compounds are obtained if several such glycosides need to be installed. We have prepared on-resin a biologically important glucoside containing multiple 1,2-cis-glycosidic linkages with complete anomeric control by using glycosyl donors having a participating (S)-(phenylthiomethyl)benzyl chiral auxiliary at C2. A branching point could be installed by using 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) and allyloxycarbonyl (Alloc) as a versatile set of orthogonal protecting groups. The synthetic strategy made it possible to achieve partial on-resin deprotection of the completed oligosaccharide, thereby increasing the overall efficiency of the synthesis. The combination of classical and auxiliary-mediated neighbouring-group participation for controlling anomeric selectivity is bringing the promise of routine automated solid-supported oligosaccharide synthesis closer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Boltje
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GE 30602, USA
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11
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Markad SD, Schmidt RR. Temporary Carbohydrate Diol Protection with Ester Groups - Orthogonality under Solid-Phase Oligosaccharide Synthesis Conditions. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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12
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Smoot JT, Demchenko AV. Oligosaccharide synthesis: from conventional methods to modern expeditious strategies. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2009; 62:161-250. [PMID: 19501706 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2318(09)00005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James T Smoot
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
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13
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Tanaka K, Fujii Y, Tokimoto H, Mori Y, Tanaka SI, Bao GM, Siwu ER, Nakayabu A, Fukase K. Synthesis of a Sialic Acid Containing Complex-TypeN-Glycan on a Solid Support. Chem Asian J 2009; 4:574-80. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.200800411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Tanaka K, Mori Y, Fukase K. Practical Synthesis of a Manβ(1-4)GlcNTroc Fragment via Microfluidic β-Mannosylation. J Carbohydr Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/07328300802571129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Synthesis of the repeating trisaccharide unit of the cell wall lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli type 8. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.07.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Schwertfeger H, Würtele C, Serafin M, Hausmann H, Carlson RMK, Dahl JEP, Schreiner PR. Monoprotection of Diols as a Key Step for the Selective Synthesis of Unequally Disubstituted Diamondoids (Nanodiamonds). J Org Chem 2008; 73:7789-92. [DOI: 10.1021/jo801321s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Schwertfeger
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392 Giessen, Germany, and MolecularDiamond Technologies, Chevron Technology Ventures, 100 Chevron Way, Richmond, California 94802
| | - Christian Würtele
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392 Giessen, Germany, and MolecularDiamond Technologies, Chevron Technology Ventures, 100 Chevron Way, Richmond, California 94802
| | - Michael Serafin
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392 Giessen, Germany, and MolecularDiamond Technologies, Chevron Technology Ventures, 100 Chevron Way, Richmond, California 94802
| | - Heike Hausmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392 Giessen, Germany, and MolecularDiamond Technologies, Chevron Technology Ventures, 100 Chevron Way, Richmond, California 94802
| | - Robert M. K. Carlson
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392 Giessen, Germany, and MolecularDiamond Technologies, Chevron Technology Ventures, 100 Chevron Way, Richmond, California 94802
| | - Jeremy E. P. Dahl
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392 Giessen, Germany, and MolecularDiamond Technologies, Chevron Technology Ventures, 100 Chevron Way, Richmond, California 94802
| | - Peter R. Schreiner
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392 Giessen, Germany, and MolecularDiamond Technologies, Chevron Technology Ventures, 100 Chevron Way, Richmond, California 94802
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19
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Abstract
An as yet unknown beta-(1-->3)-mannohexaose has been synthesized by a block route involving the coupling of two trisaccharides. Comparison of three closely related attempted mannohexaose syntheses reinforces the influence of subtle matching and/or mismatching interactions on the outcome of convergent oligosaccharide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Crich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, USA.
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20
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Crich D, Bowers AA. Synthesis of a beta-(1-->3)-D-rhamnotetraose by a one-pot, multiple radical fragmentation. Org Lett 2007; 8:4327-30. [PMID: 16956218 PMCID: PMC2617736 DOI: 10.1021/ol061706m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A naturally occurring beta-(1-->3)-D-rhamnotetraose has been constructed under conditions of sequential beta-selective mannosylation controlled by the 4,6-O-[1-cyano-2-(2-iodophenyl)-ethylidene] protecting group. The route is concise, proceeding through a late-stage radical deoxygenation that successfully uncovers all four deoxy subunits at once.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Crich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, USA.
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21
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Manabe S, Ueki A, Ito Y. Polymer-supported oligosaccharide synthesis using ultrafiltration methodology. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:3673-5. [PMID: 17728890 DOI: 10.1039/b705324j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polymer-supported oligosaccharide synthesis was carried out using an ultrafiltration technique in which the synthesized polymer-bound oligosaccharides were separated from the other reagents by ultrafiltration though membranes with specifically sized pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shino Manabe
- RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
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22
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Becker HF, Thellend A, Piffeteau A, Vidal-Cros A. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of stable isotope labeled UDP-N-[2H]-acetyl-glucosamine and [2H]-acetyl-chitooligosaccharides. Glycoconj J 2006; 23:687-92. [PMID: 17123165 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-006-9018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2006] [Revised: 09/05/2006] [Accepted: 09/06/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Labeled UDP-GlcNAc and chitooligosaccharides should be powerful tools for studies of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase such as chitin synthases. We describe here a rapid, inexpensive and a common strategie for the chemoenzymatic synthesis of uridine 5'-diphospho-N-[(2)H]-acetyl-glucosamine and the chemical preparation of N-[(2)H]-acetyl chitooligosaccharides (from 2 to 5 mers). Deuterated UDP-GlcNAc analogue was tested as chitin synthase substrate and it exhibited an incorporation level in chitin as the natural substrate. Deuterium labeling of carbohydrates present different advantages: it is a stable isotope and allows glycosyltransferase mechanism studies by a mass spectrometry approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert F Becker
- Synthèse, Structure et Fonction de Molécules Bioactives UMR7613, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Tour 44-45, 3ème étage, 4 place Jussieu, 75252, Paris, France.
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23
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Litjens REJN, Hoogerhout P, Filippov DV, Codée JDC, van den Bos LJ, van den Berg RJBHN, Overkleeft HS, van der Marel GA. Synthesis of an α‐Gal epitope α‐D‐Galp‐(1→3)‐β‐D‐Galp‐(1→4)‐β‐D‐Glcp NAc–lipid conjugate. J Carbohydr Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/07328300500308113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Hoogerhout
- b Unit Research and Development , The Netherlands Vaccine Institute , Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitri V. Filippov
- a Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen D. C. Codée
- a Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , Leiden, The Netherlands
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24
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Wu X, Bundle DR. Synthesis of glycoconjugate vaccines for Candida albicans using novel linker methodology. J Org Chem 2006; 70:7381-8. [PMID: 16122263 DOI: 10.1021/jo051065t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] The cell wall phosphomannan of Candida species is a complex N-linked glycoprotein with a glycan chain that contains predominantly alpha-linked mannose residues. However, it is the minor beta-mannan component of the phosphomannan of clinically important Candida strains that provides immunological protection in animal models of fungal disease and hence holds promise as a component of conjugate vaccines. This important antigen occurs in different forms linked to the alpha-mannan backbone via a phosphodiester bond (acid-labile beta-mannan) or directly via a glycosidic bond. To reproducibly synthesize and evaluate conjugate vaccines, a robust method for the synthesis of the different oligosaccharide epitopes is required. Here, we report the gram-scale syntheses of both types of epitopes by an approach that utilizes glucosyl trichloroacetimidate donor 2 to first create a beta-glucopyranoside linkage and then epimerizes the C-2 center via an oxidation-reduction sequence that provides an efficient multigram scale route to the beta-mannopyranosides 5, 8, and 15. Reaction of glycosides 16-18 with homobifunctional adipic acid p-nitrophenyl diesters in dry DMF gave the corresponding half esters in good yields, and of sufficient stability to permit chromatographic purification. Subsequent conjugation with BSA and tetanus toxiod (TT) under mild conjugation conditions afforded the corresponding tri- and tetrasaccharide neoglycoproteins with good efficiency. The conjugation method is also applicable to the coupling of small amounts (mg) of larger oligosaccharides with different proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
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Crich D, Bowers AA. 4,6-O-[1-cyano-2-(2-iodophenyl)ethylidene] acetals. improved second-generation acetals for the stereoselective formation of beta-D-mannopyranosides and regioselective reductive radical fragmentation to beta-D-rhamnopyranosides. scope and limitations. J Org Chem 2006; 71:3452-63. [PMID: 16626126 PMCID: PMC4664482 DOI: 10.1021/jo0526688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The [1-cyano-2-(2-iodophenyl)]ethylidene group is introduced as an acetal-protecting group for carbohydrate thioglycoside donors. The group is easily introduced under mild conditions, over short reaction times, and in the presence of a wide variety of other protecting groups by the reaction of the 4,6-diol with triethyl (2-iodophenyl)orthoacetate and camphorsulfonic acid, followed by trimethylsilyl cyanide and boron trifluoride etherate. The new protecting group conveys strong beta-selectivity with thiomannoside donors and undergoes a tin-mediated radical fragmentation to provide high yields of the synthetically challenging beta-rhamnopyranosides. The method is also applicable to the glucopyranosides when high alpha-selectivity is observed in the coupling reaction and alpha-quinovosides are formed selectively in the radical fragmentation step. In the galactopyranoside series, beta-glycosides are formed selectively on coupling to donors protected by the new system, but the radical fragmentation is unselective and gives mixtures of the 4- and 6-deoxy products. Variable-temperature NMR studies for the glycosylation step, which helped define an optimal protocol, are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Crich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, USA.
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27
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Crich D, Jayalath P, Hutton TK. Enhanced diastereoselectivity in beta-mannopyranosylation through the use of sterically minimal propargyl ether protecting groups. J Org Chem 2006; 71:3064-70. [PMID: 16599600 PMCID: PMC4664462 DOI: 10.1021/jo0526789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] 2-O-Propargyl ethers are shown to be advantageous in the 4,6-O-benzylidene acetal directed beta-mannosylation reaction. The effect is most pronounced when the O3 protecting group is a bulky silyl ether or a glycosidic bond; however, even with a 3-O-benzyl ether, the use of a 2-O-propargyl ether results in a significant increase in diastereoselectivity. The beneficial effect of the propargyl ether is thought to be a combination of its minimal steric bulk, as determined by a measurement of the steric A-value and of its moderately disarming nature, as reflected in the pKa of propargyl alcohol. Conversely, the application of a 3-O-propargyl ether in the benzylidene acetal directed mannosylation has a detrimental effect on stereoselectivity, for which no explanation is at present available. Deprotection is achieved by base-catalyzed isomerization of the propargyl ether group to the corresponding allenyl ether, followed by oxidative cleavage with N-methylmorpholine N-oxide and catalytic osmium tetroxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Crich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, USA.
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28
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Crich D, Jayalath P. 2-O-propargyl ethers: readily cleavable, minimally intrusive protecting groups for beta-mannosyl donors. Org Lett 2006; 7:2277-80. [PMID: 15901188 DOI: 10.1021/ol050680g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text]. The use of 2-O-propargyl ethers as protecting groups in 4,6-O-benzylidene-protected mannopyranosyl donors bearing either bulky silyl groups or glycosidic linkages on O3 overcomes the poor stereoselectivity achieved with the corresponding 2-O-benzyl ethers, due to a reduction of steric buttressing. Deprotection is conducted by treatment with potassium tert-butoxide followed by catalytic osmium tetroxide and N-methylmorpholine N-oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Crich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, USA.
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Jonke S, Liu KG, Schmidt RR. Solid-Phase Oligosaccharide Synthesis of a Small Library of N-Glycans. Chemistry 2006; 12:1274-90. [PMID: 16273561 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Solid-phase oligosaccharide synthesis is based on a hydroxymethylbenzyl benzoate spacer linker which is connected to the Merrifield resin (1 P). Glycosylation was performed with O-glycosyl trichloroacetimidates of glucosamine, mannose, and galactose permitting chain extension (2e, 5e), branching (4b, 7b, 8b), and chain termination (3t, 6t, 9t) with the use of O-benzyl, O-benzoyl, and N-dimethylmaleoyl as permanent and O-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) and O-phenoxyacetyl (PA) as temporary protecting groups. The steps required on solid phase are i) glycosylation under TMSOTf catalysis, ii) selective cleavage of the temporary protecting groups, Fmoc with NEt3 and PA with 0.5 equivalents of NaOMe in CH2Cl2/MeOH, and iii) product cleavage from the resin with 4.0 equivalents of NaOMe in CH2Cl2/MeOH and following O-acetylation for convenient product isolation. Thus a highly successful synthesis of a small library of seventeen N-glycan structures was made possible comprising the N-glycan pentasaccharide core structure 53 and two further chain extended hexa- and heptasaccharide N-glycans with a glucosamine or a lactosamine residue, respectively, which is attached to one of the mannose residues of the core structure (56 and 59).
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Jonke
- Universität Konstanz, Fachbereich Chemie, Fach M 725, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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Kantchev EAB, Bader SJ, Parquette JR. Oligosaccharide synthesis on a soluble, hyperbranched polymer support via thioglycoside activation. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.06.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Dondoni A, Marra A, Massi A. Hybrid Solution/Solid-Phase Synthesis of Oligosaccharides by Using Trichloroacetyl Isocyanate as Sequestration-Enabling Reagent of Sugar Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:1672-6. [PMID: 15693044 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200462422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Dondoni
- Laboratorio di Chimica Organica, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
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Dondoni A, Marra A, Massi A. Hybrid Solution/Solid-Phase Synthesis of Oligosaccharides by Using Trichloroacetyl Isocyanate as Sequestration-Enabling Reagent of Sugar Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200462422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Crich D, Hutton TK, Banerjee A, Jayalath P, Picione J. Disarming, non-participating 2-O-protecting groups in manno- and rhamnopyranosylation: scope and limitations of sulfonates, vinylogous esters, phosphates, cyanates, and nitrates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2004.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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