1
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Szulc I, Kołodziuk R, Zawisza A. New phosphine-imine and phosphine-amine ligands derived from d -gluco-, d -galacto- and d -allosamine in Pd-catalysed asymmetric allylic alkylation. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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2
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Kumar Kondapi VP, Soueidan OM, Hosseini SN, Jabari N, West FG. Efficient and Easy Access to Optically Pure Tetrasubstituted Tetrahydrofurans via Stereoselective Opening ofC2-Symmetric Epoxide and Aziridine Rings. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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3
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Slade AT, Lensink C, Falshaw A, Clark GR, Wright LJ. Ruthenium and osmium complexes of hemilabile chiral monophosphinite ligands derived from 1D-pinitol or 1D-chiro-inositol as catalysts for asymmetric hydrogenation reactions. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:17163-71. [PMID: 25315464 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02558j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The monophosphinite ligands, 1D-1,2;5,6-di-O-cyclopentylidene-3-O-methyl-4-O-diphenylphosphino-chiro-inositol (D-P1), 1D-1,2;5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-3-O-methyl-4-O-diphenylphosphino-chiro-inositol (D-P2), 1D-1,2;5,6-di-O-cyclohexylidene-3-O-methyl-4-O-diphenylphosphino-chiro-inositol (D-P3), and 1D-1,2;5,6-di-O-cyclopentylidene-3-O-ethyl-4-O-diphenylphosphino-chiro-inositol (D-P4), can be conveniently prepared from the chiral natural products 1D-pinitol or 1D-chiro-inositol. On treatment of toluene solutions of RuCl2(PPh3)3 with two mole equivalents of the ligands D-PY (Y = 1-4) the complexes RuCl2(D-P1)2 (1), RuCl2(D-P2)2 (4), RuCl2(D-P3)2 (5), or RuCl2(D-P4)2 (6), respectively, are formed. Similarly, treatment of OsCl2(PPh3)3 with D-P1 gives OsCl2(D-P1)2 (7). The single crystal X-ray structure determination of 1 reveals that each D-P1 ligand coordinates to ruthenium through phosphorus and the oxygen atom of the methoxyl group. Treatment of 1 with excess LiBr or LiI results in metathesis of the chloride ligands and RuBr2(D-P1)2 (2) or RuI2(D-P1)2 (3), respectively, are formed. Exposure of a solution of 1 to carbon monoxide results in the very rapid formation of RuCl2(CO)2(D-P1)2 (8), thereby demonstrating the ease with which the oxygen donors are displaced from the metal and hence the hemilabile nature of the two bidentate D-P1 ligands in 1. Preliminary studies indicate that 1-7 act as catalysts for the asymmetric hydrogenation reactions of acetophenone and 3-quinuclidinone to give the corresponding alcohols in generally high conversions but low enantiomeric excesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela T Slade
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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4
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Imanaka Y, Hashimoto H, Kinoshita I, Nishioka T. Incorporation of a Sugar Unit into a C–C–N Pincer Pd Complex Using Click Chemistry and Its Dynamic Behavior in Solution and Catalytic Ability toward the Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling in Water. CHEM LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.140017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Imanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University
| | - Hideki Hashimoto
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University
- OCARINA, Osaka City University
| | - Isamu Kinoshita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University
- OCARINA, Osaka City University
| | - Takanori Nishioka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University
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5
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Castillo AB, Perandones BF, Zangrando E, Gladiali S, Godard C, Claver C. Pd-catalysed asymmetric Suzuki–Miyaura reactions using chiral mono- and bidentate phosphorus ligands. J Organomet Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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6
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Onorato A, Pavlik C, Invernale MA, Berghorn ID, Sotzing GA, Morton MD, Smith MB. Polymer-mediated cyclodehydration of alditols and ketohexoses. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:1662-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Woodward S, Diéguez M, Pàmies O. Use of sugar-based ligands in selective catalysis: Recent developments. Coord Chem Rev 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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8
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9
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Das O, Zangrando E, Paine TK. Angular trinuclear copper(II) complexes of N4O-donor ligand: Syntheses, crystal structures and magnetic properties. Inorganica Chim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2009.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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Gainsford GJ, Falshaw A, Lensink C, Seth M. Density functional theory calculations of novel Rh(I) diphosphinite catalysts. Polyhedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2008.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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Highly enantioselective transformations on 3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofurans catalyzed by lipases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2008.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Balanta Castillo A, Favier I, Teuma E, Castillón S, Godard C, Aghmiz A, Claver C, Gómez M. An outstanding palladium system containing a C2-symmetrical phosphite ligand for enantioselective allylic substitution processes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:6197-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b813428f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Le Guennic B, Petit S, Chastanet G, Pilet G, Dominique Luneau,*, Amor NB, Robert V. Antiferromagnetic Behavior Based on Quasi-Orthogonal MOs: Synthesis and Characterization of a Cu3 Oxidase Model. Inorg Chem 2007; 47:572-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ic701758x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Le Guennic
- Université de Lyon, Laboratoire de Chimie, CNRS, Ecole normale supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon cedex07, France, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces (UMR 5615), 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France, and Laboratoire de Physique Quantique (UMR 5626), Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex, France
| | - Sarah Petit
- Université de Lyon, Laboratoire de Chimie, CNRS, Ecole normale supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon cedex07, France, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces (UMR 5615), 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France, and Laboratoire de Physique Quantique (UMR 5626), Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Chastanet
- Université de Lyon, Laboratoire de Chimie, CNRS, Ecole normale supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon cedex07, France, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces (UMR 5615), 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France, and Laboratoire de Physique Quantique (UMR 5626), Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Pilet
- Université de Lyon, Laboratoire de Chimie, CNRS, Ecole normale supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon cedex07, France, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces (UMR 5615), 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France, and Laboratoire de Physique Quantique (UMR 5626), Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex, France
| | - Dominique Luneau,*
- Université de Lyon, Laboratoire de Chimie, CNRS, Ecole normale supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon cedex07, France, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces (UMR 5615), 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France, and Laboratoire de Physique Quantique (UMR 5626), Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex, France
| | - Nadia Ben Amor
- Université de Lyon, Laboratoire de Chimie, CNRS, Ecole normale supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon cedex07, France, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces (UMR 5615), 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France, and Laboratoire de Physique Quantique (UMR 5626), Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex, France
| | - Vincent Robert
- Université de Lyon, Laboratoire de Chimie, CNRS, Ecole normale supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon cedex07, France, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces (UMR 5615), 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France, and Laboratoire de Physique Quantique (UMR 5626), Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex, France
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Najera
- Departamento de Química OrgAnica, Facultad de Ciencias, and Instituto de Síntesis OrgAnica, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080-Alicante, Spain.
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15
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Diéguez M, Claver C, Pàmies O. Recent Progress in Asymmetric Catalysis Using Chiral Carbohydrate‐Based Ligands. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Diéguez
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili C/Marcel·li Domingo s/n. 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carmen Claver
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili C/Marcel·li Domingo s/n. 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Oscar Pàmies
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili C/Marcel·li Domingo s/n. 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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16
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Axet MR, Benet-Buchholz J, Claver C, Castillón S. NewC2-Symmetric Diphosphite Ligands Derived from Carbohydrates: Effect of the Remote Stereocenters on Asymmetric Catalysis. Adv Synth Catal 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200600654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Roth A, Becher J, Herrmann C, Görls H, Vaughan G, Reiher M, Klemm D, Plass W. Trinuclear Copper(II) Complexes Derived from Schiff-Base Ligands Based on a 6-Amino-6-deoxyglucopyranoside: Structural and Magnetic Characterization. Inorg Chem 2006; 45:10066-76. [PMID: 17140212 DOI: 10.1021/ic0605064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The trinuclear copper(II) complexes ([CuL1)(mu-ac)Cu(mu-ac)CuL1) (1) and ([CuL2)(mu-ac)Cu(mu-ac)CuL2) (2) of the tridentate aminosaccharide-derived Schiff-base ligands H2L1 [6-N-(salicylidene)amino-6-deoxy-1,2,3-tri-O-methyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside] and H2L2 [6-N-(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylidene)amino-6-deoxy-1,2,3-tri-O-methyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside] were synthesized and structurally characterized. The trinuclear complex units can be described as two terminal copper-ligand moieties bridged by a central copper acetate moiety, with the Cu centers arranged in a triangular fashion. IR and UV/vis spectroscopic studies strongly indicate that the trinuclear structure is maintained in a methanolic solution. The temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility of both complexes shows a moderate antiferromagnetic coupling and can be well interpreted by applying a symmetric Cua-Cub-Cua' model with linear spin topology. The fit of the magnetic data affords coupling constants J of -34 and -24 cm(-1) for 1 and 2, respectively [H = -J(SaSb + SbSa')]. For mu-alkoxo-mu-acetato-bridged copper(II) complexes with a large dihedral angle between the adjacent coordination planes, as found in 1 and 2, such an antiferromagnetic coupling is unusual. However, density functional theory calculations of 2 using BP86, B3LYP*, and B3LYP density functionals confirmed a symmetric doublet ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Roth
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 10, D-07745 Jena, Germany
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18
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Dwivedi N, Bisht SS, Tripathi RP. Asymmetric organocatalysis with glycosyl-β-amino acids: direct asymmetric aldol reaction of acetone with aldehydes. Carbohydr Res 2006; 341:2737-43. [PMID: 16989790 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2006.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2006] [Revised: 08/08/2006] [Accepted: 08/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Direct asymmetric aldol reaction of acetone with aromatic aldehydes was achieved in good yields and high enantioselectivity using 5-amino-5-deoxy-beta-L-ido-(alpha-D-gluco)-heptofuranuronic acids as a new class of organocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Dwivedi
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226 001, India
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19
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Axet MR, Castillon S, Claver C. Rhodium-diphosphite catalysed hydroformylation of allylbenzene and propenylbenzene derivatives. Inorganica Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2005.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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20
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Selective hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated oxosteroids with homogeneous rhodium catalysts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2005.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Giménez‐Pedrós M, Aghmiz A, Ruiz N, Masdeu‐Bultó AM. New Ligands for Rh‐Catalysed Hydroformylation of 1‐Octene in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide – X‐ray Structure of [Rh{PPh
2
(OC
9
H
19
)}
4
]PF
6. Eur J Inorg Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200500790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Giménez‐Pedrós
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, Fax: +34‐977‐559‐563
| | - Ali Aghmiz
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, Fax: +34‐977‐559‐563
| | - Núria Ruiz
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, Fax: +34‐977‐559‐563
| | - Anna M. Masdeu‐Bultó
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, Fax: +34‐977‐559‐563
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22
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Guiu E, Aghmiz M, Díaz Y, Claver C, Meseguer B, Militzer C, Castillón S. NewC2- andC1-Symmetric Phosphorus Ligands Based on Carbohydrate Scaffolds and Their Use in the Iridium-Catalysed Hydrogenation of Ketimines. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200500523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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23
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Satoh T, Imai T, Umeda S, Tsuda K, Hashimoto H, Kakuchi T. Regio- and stereoselective cyclizations of dianhydro sugar alcohols catalyzed by a chiral (salen)Co(III) complex. Carbohydr Res 2005; 340:2677-81. [PMID: 16182265 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2005.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2005] [Revised: 09/06/2005] [Accepted: 09/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The (salen)Co(III)OAc ((R,R)-1 and (S,S)-1) catalyzed cyclizations of the chiral dianhydro sugars, 1,2:5,6-dianhydro-3,4-di-O-methyl-D-glucitol (2), 1,2:5,6-dianhydro-3,4-di-O-methyl-D-mannitol (3), 1,2:5,6-dianhydro-3,4-di-O-methyl-L-iditol (4), and 1,2:4,5-dianhydro-3-O-methyl-L-arabinitol (5), is a facile method for the synthesis of anhydroalditol alcohols. Cyclization of 2 using (R,R)-1 and (S,S)-1 proceeded diastereoselectively to form 2,5-anhydro-3,4-di-O-methyl-D-mannitol (6) and 2,5-anhydro-3,4-di-O-methyl-L-iditol (7), respectively. The cyclization of 3 and 5 is a novel method for obtaining 1,6-anhydro-3,4-di-O-methyl-D-mannitol (11) and a stereoselective route to 1,5-anhydro-3-O-methyl-L-arabinitol (13). It is proposed that the reaction occurs via endo-selective cyclization of an epoxy alcohol produced by the endo-selective ring-opening of one of the two epoxide moieties in the starting material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Satoh
- Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
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Vorogushin AV, Huang X, Buchwald SL. Use of tunable ligands allows for intermolecular Pd-catalyzed C--O bond formation. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:8146-9. [PMID: 15926842 DOI: 10.1021/ja050471r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bulky biaryl phosphine ligands facilitate Pd-catalyzed C-O coupling reactions of aryl halides with primary and secondary alcohols by promoting reductive elimination at the expense of beta-hydride elimination. The key to their success is the ability to match the size of the ligand to that of the combination of substrates. The efficient coupling of a number of unactivated aryl chlorides and bromides with cyclic and acyclic secondary alcohols was achieved. This included the coupling of allylic alcohols for the first time in a Pd-catalyzed coupling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei V Vorogushin
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Stereoselective synthesis of (2R,3S,4S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-tetradecyl-4-butanolide starting from 2,5-anhydro-d-mannitol. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Castillón S, Claver C, Díaz Y. C1 and C2-symmetric carbohydrate phosphorus ligands in asymmetric catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2005; 34:702-13. [PMID: 16186899 DOI: 10.1039/b400361f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are increasingly used as starting materials for the synthesis of enantiopure ligands. They contain a considerable number of stereocenters, and compounds with all possible configurational combinations are readily available. This tutorial review focuses on ligands obtained by the introduction of phosphorus functionalities (mainly phosphinite, phosphite or phosphine) into a carbohydrate framework. They are classified according to their structural features. In this review, ligands are organised as C1 ligands with a pyranoside or furanoside structure, and C2 ligands. Particular attention is paid to water soluble ligands prepared from carbohydrates. General methods for the preparation of the ligands are presented in order to show how the backbones can be obtained from simple carbohydrates. The catalytic results obtained in commonly studied processes are presented in tables in order to facilitate the comparison between the ligands. The advantages and limitations of the use of ligands based on carbohydrates are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Castillón
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica i Química Física i Inorgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel.li Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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