1
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Baguli S, Nath S, Kundu A, Menon H, Adhikari D, Mukherjee D. (CAAC)CuCl: A Competent Precatalyst for Carbonyl and Ester Hydrosilylation. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:18552-18562. [PMID: 39319868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Cu-catalyzed carbonyl hydrosilylation involves a ligated "[(L)CuH]" as the active catalyst, where the ligand L has a crucial role toward the stability, stereoselectivity, and enhancement of the hydridicity. Strongly σ-donating N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), their ring-expanded form, and an abnormal NHC as ligands have yielded robust and efficient Cu catalysts. However, cyclic(alkyl)(amino)carbenes (CAACs), despite being stronger σ-donors than NHCs and already having a salient Cu(I) chemistry, are yet to be reported as a similar ligand platform for this purpose. We establish here the familiar [(Me2CAAC)CuCl] as a powerful precatalyst in this regard. Additionally, it also catalyzes the more challenging ester hydrosilylation, which is a rare feat for a Cu catalyst. Apart from the stronger σ-donating ability, the more steric "openness" of CAACs than bulky NHCs also seems to be advantageous. To corroborate, three new (CAAC)CuCl complexes [(ArCH2,MeCAAC)CuCl] (Ar = Ph, 1-naphthyl, and 1-prenyl) are devised, where the effective steric around the copper is practically unaltered from the case of [(Me2CAAC)CuCl]. All three are equally active in carbonyl and ester hydrosilylation as [(Me2CAAC)CuCl]. Computation suggests the carbonyl insertion into a "(CAAC)Cu-H" as the rate-limiting step. To elucidate the involvement of a "(CAAC)CuH", "(PhCH2,MeCAAC)CuH" is generated in situ and is trapped as its BH3 adduct (PhCH2,MeCAAC)CuBH4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Baguli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Soumajit Nath
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhishek Kundu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, SAS Nagar, Manauli 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Harikrishna Menon
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Debashis Adhikari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, SAS Nagar, Manauli 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Debabrata Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
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2
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Gao H, Kwon S, Kwon HY, Irran E, Klare HFT, Baik MH, Oestreich M. Cationic Bis(hydrosilane)-Coinage-Metal Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Use as Catalysts for Outer-Sphere C=O Hydrosilylation Not Involving Metal Hydrides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202409582. [PMID: 38923659 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202409582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The preparation of cationic bis(hydrosilane)-coinage-metal complexes by chloride abstraction from the neutral metal chloride precursors with Na[BArF 4] is described. Unlike previously reported hydrosilane-stabilized copper and silver complexes, the presented complexes are cationic and feature two bidentate (ortho-silylphenyl)phosphine ligands. These complexes were fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis, revealing that both Si-H bonds are activated by the Lewis acidic cationic metal center. The new complexes were found to be effective in catalytic carbonyl hydrosilylation, leading to the corresponding silyl ethers under mild conditions without the addition of an external base. Combined mechanistic control experiments and quantum chemical calculations support an ionic outer-sphere mechanism, in which a neutral metal alkoxide species instead of a metal hydride is the key intermediate that interacts with the silylcarboxonium ion to generate the silyl ether.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haopeng Gao
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Seongyeon Kwon
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) & Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Yong Kwon
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) & Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Elisabeth Irran
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik F T Klare
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) & Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
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3
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Remy-Speckmann I, Zimmermann BM, Gorai M, Lerch M, Teichert JF. Mechanochemical solid state synthesis of copper(I)/NHC complexes with K 3PO 4. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:440-447. [PMID: 37091734 PMCID: PMC10113518 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A protocol for the mechanochemical synthesis of copper(I)/N-heterocyclic carbene complexes using cheap and readily available K3PO4 as base has been developed. This method employing a ball mill is amenable to typical simple copper(I)/NHC complexes but also to a sophisticated copper(I)/N-heterocyclic carbene complex bearing a guanidine moiety. In this way, the present approach circumvents commonly employed silver(I) complexes which are associated with significant and undesired waste formation and the excessive use of solvents. The resulting bifunctional catalyst has been shown to be active in a variety of reduction/hydrogenation transformations employing dihydrogen as terminal reducing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Remy-Speckmann
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Birte M Zimmermann
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mahadeb Gorai
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Martin Lerch
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes F Teichert
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
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4
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Amin A, Qadir T, Sharma PK, Jeelani I, Abe H. A Review on The Medicinal And Industrial Applications of N-Containing Heterocycles. THE OPEN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/18741045-v16-e2209010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing heterocycles constitute an important division of organic chemistry. The structural and functional diversity in nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds emanates from the presence and nature of the heteroatom that optimizes the compound for a specific application. Nitrogen heterocycles have been found to mimic various endogenous metabolites and natural products, highlighting their pivotal role in current drug design. Their applications are manifold and are predominantly used as pharmaceuticals, corrosion inhibitors, polymers, agrochemicals, dyes, developers, etc. Additionally, their catalytic behavior has rendered these compounds notable precursors in synthesizing various important organic compounds. The rate at which nitrogen heterocycles are synthesized explains this organic chemistry domain's vitality and usefulness. The present review article focuses on nitrogen-containing heterocycles as a versatile scaffold for current applications of organic chemistry.
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5
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Guthardt R, Oetzel L, Lang T, Bruhn C, Siemeling U. Reactions of Mesityl Azide with Ferrocene-Based N-Heterocyclic Germylenes, Stannylenes and Plumbylenes, Including PPh 2 -Functionalised Congeners. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200996. [PMID: 35510599 PMCID: PMC9400874 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of ferrocene-based N-heterocyclic tetrylenes [{Fe(η5 -C5 H4 -NSitBuMe2 )2 }E] (E=Ge, Sn, Pb) towards mesityl azide (MesN3 ) is compared with that of PPh2 -functionalised congeners exhibiting two possible reaction sites, namely the EII and PIII atom. For E=Ge and Sn the reaction occurs at the EII atom, leading to the formation of N2 and an EIV =NMes unit. The germanimines are sufficiently stable for isolation. The stannanimines furnish follow-up products, either by [2+3] cycloaddition with MesN3 or, in the PPh2 -substituted case, by NMes transfer from the SnIV to the PIII atom. Whereas [{Fe(η5 -C5 H4 -NSitBuMe2 )2 }Pb] and other diaminoplumbylenes studied are inert even under forcing conditions, the PPh2 -substituted congener forms an addition product with MesN3 , thus showing a behaviour similar to that of frustrated Lewis pairs. The germylenes of this study afford copper(I) complexes with CuCl, including the first structurally characterised linear dicoordinate halogenido complex [CuX(L)] with a heavier tetrylene ligand L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Guthardt
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of KasselHeinrich-Plett-Straße 4034132KasselGermany
- Present address: School of ChemistryMonash UniversityPO Box 23VIC 3800MelbourneAustralia
| | - Lisa Oetzel
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of KasselHeinrich-Plett-Straße 4034132KasselGermany
| | - Tobias Lang
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of KasselHeinrich-Plett-Straße 4034132KasselGermany
| | - Clemens Bruhn
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of KasselHeinrich-Plett-Straße 4034132KasselGermany
| | - Ulrich Siemeling
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of KasselHeinrich-Plett-Straße 4034132KasselGermany
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6
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Li ZW, An DL, Wei ZB, Li YY, Gao JX. Hydrosilylation of ketones catalyzed by novel four-coordinate copper(I) complexes under mild conditions. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.153798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Ulm F, Shahane S, Truong‐Phuoc L, Romero T, Papaefthimiou V, Chessé M, Chetcuti MJ, Pham‐Huu C, Michon C, Ritleng V. Half‐Sandwich Nickel(II) NHC‐Picolyl Complexes as Catalysts for the Hydrosilylation of Carbonyl Compounds: Evidence for NHC‐Nickel Nanoparticles under Harsh Reaction Conditions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Franck Ulm
- Université de Strasbourg Ecole Européenne de Chimie Polymères et Matériaux CNRS LIMA UMR 7042 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg France
| | - Saurabh Shahane
- Université de Strasbourg Ecole Européenne de Chimie Polymères et Matériaux CNRS LIMA UMR 7042 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg France
| | - Lai Truong‐Phuoc
- Université de Strasbourg Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy Environment and Health (ICPEES) UMR 7515 CNRS 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg France
| | - Thierry Romero
- Université de Strasbourg Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy Environment and Health (ICPEES) UMR 7515 CNRS 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg France
| | - Vasiliki Papaefthimiou
- Université de Strasbourg Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy Environment and Health (ICPEES) UMR 7515 CNRS 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg France
| | - Matthieu Chessé
- Université de Strasbourg Ecole Européenne de Chimie Polymères et Matériaux CNRS LIMA UMR 7042 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg France
| | - Michael J. Chetcuti
- Université de Strasbourg Ecole Européenne de Chimie Polymères et Matériaux CNRS LIMA UMR 7042 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg France
| | - Cuong Pham‐Huu
- Université de Strasbourg Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy Environment and Health (ICPEES) UMR 7515 CNRS 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg France
- University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS) 5 allée du Général Rouvillois 67083 Strasbourg France
| | - Christophe Michon
- Université de Strasbourg Ecole Européenne de Chimie Polymères et Matériaux CNRS LIMA UMR 7042 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg France
- University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS) 5 allée du Général Rouvillois 67083 Strasbourg France
| | - Vincent Ritleng
- Université de Strasbourg Ecole Européenne de Chimie Polymères et Matériaux CNRS LIMA UMR 7042 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg France
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8
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Shinohara K, Tsurugi H, Anwander R, Mashima K. Trivalent Rare-Earth Metal Amide Complexes as Catalysts for the Hydrosilylation of Benzophenone Derivatives with HN(SiHMe 2 ) 2 by Amine-Exchange Reaction. Chemistry 2020; 26:14130-14136. [PMID: 32634253 PMCID: PMC7745047 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The rare-earth metal complexes Ln(L1 )[N(SiHMe2 )2 ](thf) (Ln=La, Ce, Y; L1 =N,N''-bis(pentafluorophenyl)diethylenetriamine dianion) were synthesized by treating Ln[N(SiHMe2 )2 ]3 (thf)2 with L1 H2 . The lanthanum and cerium derivatives are active catalysts for the hydrosilylation of benzophenone derivatives with HN(SiHMe2 )2 . An amine-exchange reaction was revealed as a key step of the catalytic cycle, in which Ln-Si-H β-agostic interactions are proposed to promote insertion of the carbonyl moiety into the Si-H bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Shinohara
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka UniversityToyonakaOsaka560-8531Japan
| | - Hayato Tsurugi
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka UniversityToyonakaOsaka560-8531Japan
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Kazushi Mashima
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka UniversityToyonakaOsaka560-8531Japan
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9
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Groß C, Omlor A, Grimm T, Oelkers B, Sun Y, Schünemann V, Thiel WR. Iron(II) Complexes of Chiral Tridentate Nitrogen Donors and their Application in Catalytic Hydrosilylation Reactions. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201900310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Groß
- Fachbereich Chemie Technische Universität Kaiserslautern Erwin‐Schrödinger‐Straße 54 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Andreas Omlor
- Fachbereich Physik Technische Universität Kaiserslautern Erwin‐Schrödinger‐Straße 56 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Tobias Grimm
- Fachbereich Chemie Technische Universität Kaiserslautern Erwin‐Schrödinger‐Straße 54 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Benjamin Oelkers
- Fachbereich Chemie Technische Universität Kaiserslautern Erwin‐Schrödinger‐Straße 54 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Yu Sun
- Fachbereich Chemie Technische Universität Kaiserslautern Erwin‐Schrödinger‐Straße 54 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Volker Schünemann
- Fachbereich Physik Technische Universität Kaiserslautern Erwin‐Schrödinger‐Straße 56 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Werner R. Thiel
- Fachbereich Chemie Technische Universität Kaiserslautern Erwin‐Schrödinger‐Straße 54 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
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10
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Hsueh F, Tsai C, Lai C, Liu Y, Peng S, Chiu S. N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Copper(I) Rotaxanes Mediate Sequential Click Ligations with All Reagents Premixed. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang‐Che Hsueh
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chi‐You Tsai
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chien‐Chen Lai
- Institute of Molecular Biology National Chung Hsing University and Department of Medical Genetics China Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan
| | - Yi‐Hung Liu
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road Taipei Taiwan
| | - Shie‐Ming Peng
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road Taipei Taiwan
| | - Sheng‐Hsien Chiu
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road Taipei Taiwan
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11
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Hsueh FC, Tsai CY, Lai CC, Liu YH, Peng SM, Chiu SH. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Copper(I) Rotaxanes Mediate Sequential Click Ligations with All Reagents Premixed. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11278-11282. [PMID: 32249512 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We have prepared NHC-CuI complexes with a rotaxane structure and used them as sterically sensitive catalysts for one-pot sequential copper-catalyzed azide/alkyne cycloadditions in solutions containing all of the coupling partners premixed in unprotected form. Most notably, a photolabile and sterically encumbered complex first catalyzed the coupling of a less bulky azide/alkyne pair; after removing the protective macrocyclic component from the rotaxane structure, through irradiation with light, the exposed dumbbell-shaped NHC-CuI complex catalyzed the second click reaction of a bulkier azide/alkyne pair. Using this approach, we obtained predominantly, from a single sealed pot, a bis-triazole product (84 %) from a mixture of two sterically distinct azides and a diyne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Che Hsueh
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-You Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chen Lai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University and Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shie-Ming Peng
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hsien Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
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12
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Tran BL, Neisen BD, Speelman AL, Gunasekara T, Wiedner ES, Bullock RM. Mechanistic Studies on the Insertion of Carbonyl Substrates into Cu‐H: Different Rate‐Limiting Steps as a Function of Electrophilicity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:8645-8653. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ba L. Tran
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Benjamin D. Neisen
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Amy L. Speelman
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Thilina Gunasekara
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Eric S. Wiedner
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - R. Morris Bullock
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
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13
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Tran BL, Neisen BD, Speelman AL, Gunasekara T, Wiedner ES, Bullock RM. Mechanistic Studies on the Insertion of Carbonyl Substrates into Cu‐H: Different Rate‐Limiting Steps as a Function of Electrophilicity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ba L. Tran
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Benjamin D. Neisen
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Amy L. Speelman
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Thilina Gunasekara
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Eric S. Wiedner
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - R. Morris Bullock
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
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14
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Merschel A, Rottschäfer D, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Ghadwal RS. Quantifying the Electronic and Steric Properties of 1,3-Imidazole-Based Mesoionic Carbenes (iMICs). Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arne Merschel
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Dennis Rottschäfer
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Rajendra S. Ghadwal
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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15
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Liu Y, Zhang D, Ma Y, Li J, Bai Y, Peng J. The Hydrosilylation and Cyanosilylation of Ketones Catalyzed using Metal Borohydrides. Curr Org Synth 2020; 16:276-282. [PMID: 31975676 DOI: 10.2174/1570179415666181114111939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVE The hydrosilylation reaction of carbonyl compounds has emerged as a powerful method in organic synthesis. The catalytic hydrosilylation of ketones is a valuable transformation because it generates protected cyanosilylation reaction of carbonyl compounds is an efficient procedure for the synthesis of silylated cyanohydrins, which are readily converted into useful functionalized compounds, such as cyanohydrins, α-hydroxy acids, β-amino alcohols and other biologically active compounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS A facile, economic and efficient method has been developed for the hydrosilylation and cyanosilylation of ketones using metal borohydrides. A series of silylated ethers and silylated cyanohydrins can be isolated via direct distillation. RESULTS The catalytic properties of a range of metal borohydrides in the hydrosilylation reaction of acetophenone with diphenylsilane were investigated. The relative catalytic activity of the borohydride catalyst studied was as follows: (CH3)4NBH4> (PhCH2)(CH3)3NBH4> (CH2CH3)4NBH4> (CH3CH2CH2CH3)4NBH4> NaBH4> KBH4> LiBH4. The cyanosilylation of acetophenone using trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN) in the presence of NaBH4 occurred under similar reaction conditions. An excellent reaction rate and high conversion were obtained. CONCLUSION The metal borohydride-catalyzed hydrosilylation alcohols in one step. The and cyanosilylation of ketones could be carried out smoothly under mild reaction conditions. Among the metal borohydrides studied, an excellent reaction rate and high conversion were obtained using NaBH4, NaBH (CH2CH3)3 or (alkyl)4 NBH4 as the reaction catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Duodong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yangyang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jiayun Li
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Ying Bai
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jiajian Peng
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
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16
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Schäpe SS, Krause JL, Engelmann B, Fritz-Wallace K, Schattenberg F, Liu Z, Müller S, Jehmlich N, Rolle-Kampczyk U, Herberth G, von Bergen M. The Simplified Human Intestinal Microbiota (SIHUMIx) Shows High Structural and Functional Resistance against Changing Transit Times in In Vitro Bioreactors. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E641. [PMID: 31816881 PMCID: PMC6956075 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7120641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Many functions in host-microbiota interactions are potentially influenced by intestinal transit times, but little is known about the effects of altered transition times on the composition and functionality of gut microbiota. To analyze these effects, we cultivated the model community SIHUMIx in bioreactors in order to determine the effects of varying transit times (TT) on the community structure and function. After five days of continuous cultivation, we investigated the influence of different medium TT of 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h. For profiling the microbial community, we applied flow cytometric fingerprinting and revealed changes in the community structure of SIHUMIx during the change of TT, which were not associated with changes in species abundances. For pinpointing metabolic alterations, we applied metaproteomics and metabolomics and found, along with shortening the TT, a slight decrease in glycan biosynthesis, carbohydrate, and amino acid metabolism and, furthermore, a reduction in butyrate, methyl butyrate, isobutyrate, valerate, and isovalerate concentrations. Specifically, B. thetaiotaomicron was identified to be affected in terms of butyrate metabolism. However, communities could recover to the original state afterward. This study shows that SIHUMIx showed high structural stability when TT changed-even four-fold. Resistance values remained high, which suggests that TTs did not interfere with the structure of the community to a certain degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Serena Schäpe
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research―UFZ GmbH, 04316 Leipzig, Germany; (S.S.S.); (B.E.); (K.F.-W.); (N.J.); (U.R.-K.)
| | - Jannike Lea Krause
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research―UFZ GmbH, 04316 Leipzig, Germany; (J.L.K.); (G.H.)
| | - Beatrice Engelmann
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research―UFZ GmbH, 04316 Leipzig, Germany; (S.S.S.); (B.E.); (K.F.-W.); (N.J.); (U.R.-K.)
| | - Katarina Fritz-Wallace
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research―UFZ GmbH, 04316 Leipzig, Germany; (S.S.S.); (B.E.); (K.F.-W.); (N.J.); (U.R.-K.)
| | - Florian Schattenberg
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research―UFZ GmbH, 04316 Leipzig, Germany; (F.S.); (Z.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Zishu Liu
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research―UFZ GmbH, 04316 Leipzig, Germany; (F.S.); (Z.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Susann Müller
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research―UFZ GmbH, 04316 Leipzig, Germany; (F.S.); (Z.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Nico Jehmlich
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research―UFZ GmbH, 04316 Leipzig, Germany; (S.S.S.); (B.E.); (K.F.-W.); (N.J.); (U.R.-K.)
| | - Ulrike Rolle-Kampczyk
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research―UFZ GmbH, 04316 Leipzig, Germany; (S.S.S.); (B.E.); (K.F.-W.); (N.J.); (U.R.-K.)
| | - Gunda Herberth
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research―UFZ GmbH, 04316 Leipzig, Germany; (J.L.K.); (G.H.)
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research―UFZ GmbH, 04316 Leipzig, Germany; (S.S.S.); (B.E.); (K.F.-W.); (N.J.); (U.R.-K.)
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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17
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Iglesias M, Fernández-Alvarez FJ, Oro LA. Non-classical hydrosilane mediated reductions promoted by transition metal complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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18
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Danopoulos AA, Simler T, Braunstein P. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes of Copper, Nickel, and Cobalt. Chem Rev 2019; 119:3730-3961. [PMID: 30843688 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of N-heterocyclic carbenes as ligands across the Periodic Table had an impact on various aspects of the coordination, organometallic, and catalytic chemistry of the 3d metals, including Cu, Ni, and Co, both from the fundamental viewpoint but also in applications, including catalysis, photophysics, bioorganometallic chemistry, materials, etc. In this review, the emergence, development, and state of the art in these three areas are described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas A Danopoulos
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Panepistimiopolis Zografou , Athens GR 15771 , Greece.,Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Chimie UMR 7177 , Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination , Strasbourg 67081 Cedex , France
| | - Thomas Simler
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Chimie UMR 7177 , Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination , Strasbourg 67081 Cedex , France
| | - Pierre Braunstein
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Chimie UMR 7177 , Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination , Strasbourg 67081 Cedex , France
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19
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Kuehn L, Eichhorn AF, Marder TB, Radius U. Copper(I) complexes of N-alkyl-substituted N-Heterocyclic carbenes. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Ritter F, Mukherjee D, Spaniol TP, Hoffmann A, Okuda J. A Masked Cuprous Hydride as a Catalyst for Carbonyl Hydrosilylation in Aqueous Solutions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:1818-1822. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Ritter
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - Debabrata Mukherjee
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Germany
- Current address: Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur West Bengal 721302 India
| | - Thomas P. Spaniol
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - Jun Okuda
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Germany
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21
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Ritter F, Mukherjee D, Spaniol TP, Hoffmann A, Okuda J. Ein maskiertes Kupferhydrid als Katalysator für die Carbonylhydrosilylierung in wässrigen Lösungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201811890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Ritter
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Debabrata Mukherjee
- Derzeitige Adresse: Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur Westbengalen 721302 Indien
| | - Thomas P. Spaniol
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Jun Okuda
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Deutschland
- Derzeitige Adresse: Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur Westbengalen 721302 Indien
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22
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Elsby MR, Baker RT. Cu(i)–SNS complexes for outer-sphere hydroboration and hydrosilylation of carbonyls. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:13574-13577. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07266g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two new NHC–Cu(i)-[κ2-SNS] complexes were synthesized to directly compare the bifunctional catalytic activity of a hard amido vs. a soft thiolate donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Elsby
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
| | - R. Tom Baker
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
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23
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Chen Y, Liu Y, Zhang X, Lu D, Yang L, Deng J, Deng S. Copper Catalyzed Direct Synthesis of Nitriles from Acyl Azides. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Industrial Institute of AntibioticsChengdu University, Chengdu 610052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Industrial Institute of AntibioticsChengdu University, Chengdu 610052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Industrial Institute of AntibioticsChengdu University, Chengdu 610052, People's Republic of China
| | - Da Lu
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Industrial Institute of AntibioticsChengdu University, Chengdu 610052, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Yang
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Industrial Institute of AntibioticsChengdu University, Chengdu 610052, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Deng
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Industrial Institute of AntibioticsChengdu University, Chengdu 610052, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengqi Deng
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Industrial Institute of AntibioticsChengdu University, Chengdu 610052, People's Republic of China
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24
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Liu C, Shen HQ, Chen MW, Zhou YG. C2-Symmetric Hindered “Sandwich” Chiral N-Heterocyclic Carbene Precursors and Their Transition Metal Complexes: Expedient Syntheses, Structural Authentication, and Catalytic Properties. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Hong-Qiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Mu-Wang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Yong-Gui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China
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25
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Vivancos Á, Segarra C, Albrecht M. Mesoionic and Related Less Heteroatom-Stabilized N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis, Catalysis, and Other Applications. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9493-9586. [PMID: 30014699 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mesoionic carbenes are a subclass of the family of N-heterocyclic carbenes that generally feature less heteroatom stabilization of the carbenic carbon and hence impart specific donor properties and reactivity schemes when coordinated to a transition metal. Therefore, mesoionic carbenes and their complexes have attracted considerable attention both from a fundamental point of view as well as for application in catalysis and beyond. As a follow-up of an earlier Chemical Reviews overview from 2009, the organometallic chemistry of N-heterocyclic carbenes with reduced heteroatom stabilization is compiled for the 2008-2017 period, including specifically the chemistry of complexes containing 1,2,3-triazolylidenes, 4-imidazolylidenes, and related 5-membered N-heterocyclic carbenes with reduced heteratom stabilization such as (is)oxazolylidenes, pyrrazolylidenes, and thiazolylidenes, as well as pyridylidenes as 6-membered N-heterocyclic carbenes with reduced heteroatom stabilization. For each ligand subclass, metalation strategies, electronic and steric properties, and applications, in particular, in metal-mediated catalysis, are compiled. Mesoionic carbenes demonstrate particularly high activity in (water) oxidation, hydrogen transfer reactions, and cyclization reactions. Unique features of these ligands are identified such as their dipolar structure, their specific donor properties, as well as stability aspects of the ligand and the complexes, which provides opportunities for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Vivancos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , CH-3012 Bern , Switzerland.,Departamento de Química Inorgánica , Universidad de Murcia , Apartado 4021 , 30071 Murcia , Spain
| | - Candela Segarra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , CH-3012 Bern , Switzerland.,Instituto de Tecnología Química , Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , Avenida de los Naranjos s/n , 46022 Valencia , Spain
| | - Martin Albrecht
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , CH-3012 Bern , Switzerland
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26
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Gupta AK, Orthaber A. Alkynyl Coinage Metal Clusters and Complexes-Syntheses, Structures, and Strategies. Chemistry 2018; 24:7536-7559. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Kumar Gupta
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratories; Uppsala University; Sweden
| | - Andreas Orthaber
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratories; Uppsala University; Sweden
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27
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Chen Y, Yang L, Zhang X, Deng S, You L, Liu Y. Copper-Catalyzed Reduction of Azides with Hydrosilanes. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics; Chengdu University; Chengdu 610052 People‘s Republic of China
| | - Lixin Yang
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics; Chengdu University; Chengdu 610052 People‘s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics; Chengdu University; Chengdu 610052 People‘s Republic of China
| | - Shengqi Deng
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics; Chengdu University; Chengdu 610052 People‘s Republic of China
| | - Li You
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics; Chengdu University; Chengdu 610052 People‘s Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics; Chengdu University; Chengdu 610052 People‘s Republic of China
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28
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Rock CL, Groy TL, Trovitch RJ. Carbonyl and ester C–O bond hydrosilylation using κ4-diimine nickel catalysts. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:8807-8816. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01857j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
(Ph2PPrDI)Ni chemoselectively catalyzes α-allyl ester C–O bond hydrosilylation to prepare silyl esters with turnover frequencies of up to 990 h−1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas L. Groy
- School of Molecular Sciences
- Arizona State University
- Tempe
- USA
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29
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Trose M, Nahra F, Poater A, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Cavallo L, Cazin CSJ. Investigating the Structure and Reactivity of Azolyl-Based Copper(I)–NHC Complexes: The Role of the Anionic Ligand. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b02737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Trose
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Fady Nahra
- Centre
for Sustainable Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Albert Poater
- King Abdullah University of Science & Technology, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Institut
de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament
de Química, Universitat de Girona c/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 6, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - David B. Cordes
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- King Abdullah University of Science & Technology, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Catherine S. J. Cazin
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
- Centre
for Sustainable Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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30
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Rhodium(I) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes as catalysts for the hydrosilylation of aromatic ketones with triethylsilane. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Rosales J, Garcia JM, Ávila E, González T, Coll DS, Ocando-Mavárez E. A novel tetramer copper(I) complex containing diallylphosphine ligands: Synthesis, characterization and catalytic application in A3-coupling (Aldehyde-Amine-Alkyne) reactions. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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32
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Corre Y, Rysak V, Trivelli X, Agbossou-Niedercorn F, Michon C. A Versatile Iridium(III) Metallacycle Catalyst for the Effective Hydrosilylation of Carbonyl and Carboxylic Acid Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yann Corre
- Univ. Lille; CNRS; Centrale Lille; ENSCL; Univ. Artois; UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide; 59000 Lille France
- ENSCL; UCCS-CCM-MOCAH; (Chimie-C7) CS 90108; 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex France
| | - Vincent Rysak
- Univ. Lille; CNRS; Centrale Lille; ENSCL; Univ. Artois; UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide; 59000 Lille France
- ENSCL; UCCS-CCM-MOCAH; (Chimie-C7) CS 90108; 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex France
| | - Xavier Trivelli
- UGSF CNRS, UMR 8576; Université Lille Nord de France; 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex France
| | - Francine Agbossou-Niedercorn
- Univ. Lille; CNRS; Centrale Lille; ENSCL; Univ. Artois; UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide; 59000 Lille France
- ENSCL; UCCS-CCM-MOCAH; (Chimie-C7) CS 90108; 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex France
| | - Christophe Michon
- Univ. Lille; CNRS; Centrale Lille; ENSCL; Univ. Artois; UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide; 59000 Lille France
- ENSCL; UCCS-CCM-MOCAH; (Chimie-C7) CS 90108; 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex France
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33
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Mailig M, Hazra A, Armstrong MK, Lalic G. Catalytic Anti-Markovnikov Hydroallylation of Terminal and Functionalized Internal Alkynes: Synthesis of Skipped Dienes and Trisubstituted Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:6969-6977. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b02104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Melrose Mailig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Avijit Hazra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Megan K. Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Gojko Lalic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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34
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Isolation and characterization of hydrocarbon soluble NHC copper(I) phosphoranimide complex and catalytic application for alkyne hydroboration reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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35
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Mukhopadhyay TK, Rock CL, Hong M, Ashley DC, Groy TL, Baik MH, Trovitch RJ. Mechanistic Investigation of Bis(imino)pyridine Manganese Catalyzed Carbonyl and Carboxylate Hydrosilylation. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:4901-4915. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b00879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tufan K. Mukhopadhyay
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Christopher L. Rock
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Mannkyu Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Daniel C. Ashley
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Thomas L. Groy
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Ryan J. Trovitch
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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36
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Rishu R, Prashanth B, Bawari D, Mandal U, Verma A, Choudhury AR, Singh S. Hg(ii) and Pd(ii) complexes with a new selenoether bridged biscarbene ligand: efficient mono- and bis-arylation of methyl acrylate with a pincer biscarbene Pd(ii) precatalyst. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:6291-6302. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04505g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New selenoether (CSeC) bridged carbene complexes of Hg(ii) and Pd(ii) have been prepared; a pincer Pd(ii) complex showed catalytic activity in mono- and double-Heck reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishu Rishu
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali
- Mohali 140306
- India
| | - Billa Prashanth
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali
- Mohali 140306
- India
| | - Deependra Bawari
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali
- Mohali 140306
- India
| | - Ushnish Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- Mohanpur – 741246
- India
| | - Aditya Verma
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali
- Mohali 140306
- India
| | - Angshuman Roy Choudhury
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali
- Mohali 140306
- India
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali
- Mohali 140306
- India
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37
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Mir R, Dudding T. Phase-Transfer Catalyzed O-Silyl Ether Deprotection Mediated by a Cyclopropenium Cation. J Org Chem 2016; 82:709-714. [PMID: 27935706 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The use of a cyclopropenium cation as a phase-transfer catalyst for O-silyl ether deprotection is reported. Mechanistic insight into this deprotection methodology derived by linear free-energy relationships (LFER), quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Mir
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University , 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Travis Dudding
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University , 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
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38
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Trose M, Lazreg F, Chang T, Nahra F, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Cazin CSJ. Neutral Dinuclear Copper(I)-NHC Complexes: Synthesis and Application in the Hydrosilylation of Ketones. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b02723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Trose
- EaStCHEM School
of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Faïma Lazreg
- EaStCHEM School
of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Tao Chang
- EaStCHEM School
of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Fady Nahra
- Ghent University, Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - David B. Cordes
- EaStCHEM School
of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
| | | | - Catherine S. J. Cazin
- EaStCHEM School
of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
- Ghent University, Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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39
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Liu M, Li CJ. Catalytic Fehling's Reaction: An Efficient Aerobic Oxidation of Aldehyde Catalyzed by Copper in Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:10806-10. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201604847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Liu
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis; McGill University; Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis; McGill University; Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
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40
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Liu M, Li CJ. Catalytic Fehling's Reaction: An Efficient Aerobic Oxidation of Aldehyde Catalyzed by Copper in Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201604847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Liu
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis; McGill University; Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis; McGill University; Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
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41
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Tsuji Y, Fujihara T. Copper-Catalyzed Transformations Using Cu-H, Cu-B, and Cu-Si as Active Catalyst Species. CHEM REC 2016; 16:2294-2313. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201600039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Tsuji
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon chemistry Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Tetsuaki Fujihara
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon chemistry Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
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42
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Shaw P, Kennedy AR, Nelson DJ. Synthesis and characterisation of an N-heterocyclic carbene with spatially-defined steric impact. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:11772-80. [PMID: 27335266 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02100j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and co-ordination chemistry of a new 'bulky yet flexible' N-heterocyclic carbene ("IPaul") is reported. This carbene has spatially-defined steric impact; steric maps show that two quadrants are very bulky while the other two are quite open. The electronic properties of this carbene are very similar to those of other 1,3-diarylimidazol-2-ylidenes. Copper, silver, iridium, and nickel complexes of the new ligand have been prepared. In solution, the ligand adopts two different conformations, while X-ray crystallographic analyses of the transition metal complexes suggest that the syn-conformer is preferred in the solid state due to intermolecular interactions. The copper(i) chloride complex of this new ligand has been shown to be highly-active in the hydrosilylation of carbonyl compounds, when compared to the analogous IPr, IMes, IPr* and IPr*(OMe) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Shaw
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
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43
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Nasr A, Winkler A, Tamm M. Anionic N-heterocyclic carbenes: Synthesis, coordination chemistry and applications in homogeneous catalysis. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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44
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Bagherzadeh S, Mankad NP. Extremely efficient hydroboration of ketones and aldehydes by copper carbene catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:3844-6. [PMID: 26871503 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc09162d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A readily available copper carbene complex, (IPr)CuOtBu, catalyses the hydroboration of ketones and aldehydes even at very low catalyst loadings (0.1 mol%), in some cases with turnover frequencies exceeding 6000 h(-1). Carbonyl reduction occurs selectivitily in the presence of other reducible functional groups including alkenes, nitriles, esters, and alkyl chlorides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharareh Bagherzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St. MC 111, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
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45
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Urzúa JI, Contreras R, Salas CO, Tapia RA. N-Heterocyclic carbene copper(i) complex-catalyzed synthesis of 2-aryl benzoxazoles and benzothiazoles. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra18510j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new an efficient synthesis of 2-aryl benzoxazoles and benzothiazoles by intramolecular cyclization of 2-haloanilides/2-halothioanilides using a copper(i)-NHC complex is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio I. Urzúa
- Facultad de Química
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Renato Contreras
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad de Chile
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Cristian O. Salas
- Facultad de Química
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Ricardo A. Tapia
- Facultad de Química
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
- Santiago
- Chile
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46
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Zhou H, Zhang QY, Lu XB. Synthesis and catalytic application of N-heterocyclic carbene copper complex functionalized conjugated microporous polymer. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra07786b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The first example of IPr(CuCl) functionalized conjugated microporous polymer has been synthesized and applied for the hydrosilylation of terminal alkynes and hydrosilylation of CO2. Good catalytic activities and catalytic stability have been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- China
| | - Qing-Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- China
| | - Xiao-Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- China
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47
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Ghosh C, Mukhopadhyay TK, Flores M, Groy TL, Trovitch RJ. A Pentacoordinate Mn(II) Precatalyst That Exhibits Notable Aldehyde and Ketone Hydrosilylation Turnover Frequencies. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:10398-406. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandrani Ghosh
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Tufan K. Mukhopadhyay
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Marco Flores
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Thomas L. Groy
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Ryan J. Trovitch
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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48
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Collins LR, Riddlestone IM, Mahon MF, Whittlesey MK. A Comparison of the Stability and Reactivity of Diamido‐ and Diaminocarbene Copper Alkoxide and Hydride Complexes. Chemistry 2015; 21:14075-84. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lee R. Collins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY (UK), Fax: (+44) 1225‐386‐231
| | - Ian M. Riddlestone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY (UK), Fax: (+44) 1225‐386‐231
| | - Mary F. Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY (UK), Fax: (+44) 1225‐386‐231
| | - Michael K. Whittlesey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY (UK), Fax: (+44) 1225‐386‐231
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49
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Garcés K, Fernández-Alvarez FJ, García-Orduña P, Lahoz FJ, Pérez-Torrente JJ, Oro LA. Grafting of Copper(I)-NHC Species on MCM-41: Homogeneous versus Heterogeneous Catalysis. ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201500508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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50
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