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Chen TY, Hsiao YW, Baker-Fales M, Cameli F, Dimitrakellis P, Vlachos DG. Microflow chemistry and its electrification for sustainable chemical manufacturing. Chem Sci 2022; 13:10644-10685. [PMID: 36320706 PMCID: PMC9491096 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01684b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustainability is vital in solving global societal problems. Still, it requires a holistic view by considering renewable energy and carbon sources, recycling waste streams, environmentally friendly resource extraction and handling, and green manufacturing. Flow chemistry at the microscale can enable continuous sustainable manufacturing by opening up new operating windows, precise residence time control, enhanced mixing and transport, improved yield and productivity, and inherent safety. Furthermore, integrating microfluidic systems with alternative energy sources, such as microwaves and plasmas, offers tremendous promise for electrifying and intensifying modular and distributed chemical processing. This review provides an overview of microflow chemistry, electrification, their integration toward sustainable manufacturing, and their application to biomass upgrade (a select number of other processes are also touched upon). Finally, we identify critical areas for future research, such as matching technology to the scale of the application, techno-economic analysis, and life cycle assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Ying Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware 150 Academy Street Newark Delaware 19716 USA
| | - Yung Wei Hsiao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware 150 Academy Street Newark Delaware 19716 USA
| | - Montgomery Baker-Fales
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware 150 Academy Street Newark Delaware 19716 USA
| | - Fabio Cameli
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware 150 Academy Street Newark Delaware 19716 USA
| | - Panagiotis Dimitrakellis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware 150 Academy Street Newark Delaware 19716 USA
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, RAPID Manufacturing Institute, Delaware Energy Institute (DEI), University of Delaware 221 Academy St. Newark Delaware 19716 USA
| | - Dionisios G Vlachos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware 150 Academy Street Newark Delaware 19716 USA
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, RAPID Manufacturing Institute, Delaware Energy Institute (DEI), University of Delaware 221 Academy St. Newark Delaware 19716 USA
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2
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Brandão P, Pineiro M, M.V.D. Pinho e Melo T. Flow Chemistry: Sequential Flow Processes for the Synthesis of Heterocycles. HETEROCYCLES 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527832002.ch11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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3
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Kumar D, Sharma H, Saha N, Chakraborti AK. Domino synthesis of functionalized pyridine carboxylates under gallium catalysis: Unravelling the reaction pathway and the role of the nitrogen source counter anion. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200304. [PMID: 35608137 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic potential of various metal Lewis acid catalysts have been assessed to derive a high-yielding, multi-component domino synthesis of functionalized pyridines from (E)-3-(dimethylamino)-1-aryl/heteroaryl-prop-2-en-1-ones, 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, and an ammonium salt (as the nitrogen precursor). Amongst the various metal halides, tetrafluoroborates, perchlorates, and triflates used as the catalyst GaI3 proved to be the most effective. The mechanistic course of the most plausible pathway has been outlined as the intermediate formation of imine/enamine by the reaction of the 1,3-dicarbonyl compound with ammonia (liberated in situ from the ammonium salt used as the nitrogen source), which participates in the domino nucleophilic Michael reaction to the (2E)-3-(dimethylamino)-1-aryl/hetroarylprop-2-en-1-one by its active methylene carbon through its enamine form followed by intramolecular cyclization and aromatization. The effect of different ammonium salts as the nitrogen source has been investigated and NH4OAc was found to be best. The influence of the acetate counter anion of NH4OAc on the progress of the reaction was studied and its specific role in the cyclization and subsequent aromatization has been revealed. This work offers distinct advantages compared to the literature reported methodologies on the count of several green index parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Medicinal Chemistry, Sector 67, 160062, S. A. S. Nagar, INDIA
| | - Himanshu Sharma
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Medicinal Chemistry, Sector 67, 160062, S. A. S. Nagar, INDIA
| | - Nirjhar Saha
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Medicinal Chemistry, Sector 67, 160062, S. A. S. Nagar, INDIA
| | - Asit Kumar Chakraborti
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Medicinal Chemistry, Sector 67, 160062, S. A. S. Nagar, INDIA
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4
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Cao L, Kim HW, Jeong YJ, Han SC, Park JK. Rapid Continuous-Flow Water-Free Synthesis of Ultrapure Ionic Liquids Assisted by Microwaves. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Institution for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Hong Won Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Institution for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Yu Jin Jeong
- Department of Chemistry and Institution for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Seung Chang Han
- Department of Chemistry and Institution for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Jin Kyoon Park
- Department of Chemistry and Institution for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
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5
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Seen SB, Gong Y, Ashton M. The application of the Fischer indole synthesis in medicinal chemistry. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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6
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Shirahata T, Miyaishi R, Kitazoe T, Saito M, Taneoka Y, Hidaka S, Yokoyama M, Tojima T, Katsumi T, Hirata N, Nishino T, Kaji E, Yamada H, Nagai T, Kiyohara H, Nakamori S, Konishi N, Kobayashi Y. Preparation of Tenuifolin from Polygala senega L. Root Using a Hydrolytic Continuous Flow System under High-Temperature, High-Pressure Conditions. J Org Chem 2021; 86:16268-16277. [PMID: 34730980 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An improved process for preparing tenuifolin (presenegenin 3-β-d-glucopyranoside) from the root of Polygala senega L. was developed. A crude saponin mixture extracted from P. senega was subjected to hydrolysis, and the reactivity of compounds in the extract was controlled by utilizing the combination of a flow reactor and experimental design. In addition, column chromatography with HP 20, a synthetic polystyrenic adsorbent, allowed the gram-scale preparation of tenuifolin in a continuous manner with fewer steps. This approach shortens the total time required for gram-scale preparation from 16 to 5 h in a continuous manner while improving the yield from 0.59% to 2.08% (w/w).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Shirahata
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Rintaro Miyaishi
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Kitazoe
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Masaya Saito
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yuki Taneoka
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Shuhei Hidaka
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Masaki Yokoyama
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Takayori Tojima
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Katsumi
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Nozomu Hirata
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishino
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Eisuke Kaji
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Haruki Yamada
- O̅mura Satoshi Memorial Institute and Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nagai
- O̅mura Satoshi Memorial Institute and Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kiyohara
- O̅mura Satoshi Memorial Institute and Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Nakamori
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Naruki Konishi
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kobayashi
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
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7
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Neyt NC, Riley DL. Application of reactor engineering concepts in continuous flow chemistry: a review. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00004g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The adoption of flow technology for the manufacture of chemical entities, and in particular pharmaceuticals, has seen rapid growth over the past two decades with the technology now blurring the lines between chemistry and chemical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C. Neyt
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pretoria
- South Africa
| | - Darren L. Riley
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pretoria
- South Africa
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8
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Colella M, Degennaro L, Luisi R. Continuous Flow Synthesis of Heterocycles: A Recent Update on the Flow Synthesis of Indoles. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143242. [PMID: 32708643 PMCID: PMC7397031 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Indole derivatives are among the most useful and interesting heterocycles employed in drug discovery and medicinal chemistry. In addition, flow chemistry and flow technology are changing the synthetic paradigm in the field of modern synthesis. In this review, the role of flow technology in the preparation of indole derivatives is showcased. Selected examples have been described with the aim to provide readers with an overview on the tactics and technologies used for targeting indole scaffolds.
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9
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Miyakawa M, Hiyoshi N, Koda H, Watanabe K, Kunigami H, Kunigami H, Miyazawa A, Nishioka M. Continuous syntheses of carbon-supported Pd and Pd@Pt core-shell nanoparticles using a flow-type single-mode microwave reactor. RSC Adv 2020; 10:6571-6575. [PMID: 35496000 PMCID: PMC9049753 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10140c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous syntheses of carbon-supported Pd@Pt core–shell nanoparticles were performed using microwave-assisted flow reaction in polyol to synthesize carbon-supported core Pd with subsequent direct coating of a Pt shell. By optimizing the amount of NaOH, almost all Pt precursors contributed to shell formation without specific chemicals. Continuous syntheses of carbon-supported Pd@Pt core–shell nanoparticles were performed using flow processes including microwave-assisted Pd core–nanoparticle formation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Miyakawa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST 4-2-1, Nigatake, Miyagino-ku Sendai 983-8551 Japan
| | - Norihito Hiyoshi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST 4-2-1, Nigatake, Miyagino-ku Sendai 983-8551 Japan
| | - Hidekazu Koda
- Shinko Kagaku Kogyosyo Co., Ltd. 1544-19, Mashimori Koshigaya-shi Saitama 343-0012 Japan
| | - Kenichi Watanabe
- Shinko Kagaku Kogyosyo Co., Ltd. 1544-19, Mashimori Koshigaya-shi Saitama 343-0012 Japan
| | - Hideki Kunigami
- Shinko Kagaku Kogyosyo Co., Ltd. 1544-19, Mashimori Koshigaya-shi Saitama 343-0012 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunigami
- Shinko Kagaku Kogyosyo Co., Ltd. 1544-19, Mashimori Koshigaya-shi Saitama 343-0012 Japan
| | - Akira Miyazawa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST 4-2-1, Nigatake, Miyagino-ku Sendai 983-8551 Japan
| | - Masateru Nishioka
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST 4-2-1, Nigatake, Miyagino-ku Sendai 983-8551 Japan
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10
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Liu H, Liu J, Cheng X, Jia X, Yu L, Xu Q. DMSO-Triggered Complete Oxygen Transfer Leading to Accelerated Aqueous Hydrolysis of Organohalides under Mild Conditions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:2994-2998. [PMID: 30511457 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201802138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Addition of DMSO is found to greatly accelerate the aqueous hydrolysis of organohalides to alcohols, providing a neutral, more efficient, milder and more economic process. Mechanistic studies using 18 O-DMSO and 18 O-H2 O showed that, contrary to the opinion that DMSO works as a dipolar solvent to enhance water's nucleophilicity, the accelerating effect comes from a complete oxygen transfer from DMSO to organohalides through generation of ROS+ Me2 ⋅X- salts through C-O bond formation, followed by O-S bond disassociative hydrolysis of ROS+ Me2 ⋅X- with water. This method is applicable to a wide range of organohalides and thus may have potential for practical industrial application, owing to easy recovery of DMSO from the H2 O/DMSO mixture by regular vacuum rectification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haicheng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Jianping Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Xiaokai Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Xiaojuan Jia
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Institute of Pesticide of School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, China
| | - Qing Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
- Institute of Pesticide of School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, China
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11
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Application of the Microwave Technique in Continuous Flow Processing of Organophosphorus Chemical Reactions. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12050788. [PMID: 30866480 PMCID: PMC6427270 DOI: 10.3390/ma12050788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The microwave (MW) technique is an efficient tool in the realization of organic reactions, as well as in the analytical field and in the food industry. The continuous flow approach is of special interest as a promising way to scale-up MW-assisted syntheses. Besides summarizing the batch precedents, this review focuses on the utilization of the MW technique in the continuous-flow realization of organophosphorus transformations. The advantages of the continuous flow technique against the batch accomplishment are also shown. A few materials chemistry-related applications are also mentioned.
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12
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Continuous high-pressure operation of a pharmaceutically relevant Krapcho dealkoxycarbonylation reaction. J Flow Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-019-00031-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Egami H, Hamashima Y. Practical and Scalable Organic Reactions with Flow Microwave Apparatus. CHEM REC 2018; 19:157-171. [PMID: 30511806 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Microwave irradiation has been used for accelerating organic reactions as a heating method and has been proven to be useful in laboratory scale organic synthesis. The major drawback of microwave chemistry is the difficulty in scaling up, mainly because of the low penetration depth of microwaves. The combination of microwave chemistry and flow chemistry is considered to overcome the problem in scaling up of microwave-assisted organic reactions, and some flow microwave systems have been developed in both academic and industrial communities. In this context, we have demonstrated the scale-up of fundamental organic reactions using a novel flow microwave system developed by the academic-industrial alliance between the University of Shizuoka, Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, and SAIDA FDS. In this Personal Account, we summarize the recent progress of our scalable microwave-assisted continuous synthesis using the SAIDA flow microwave apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Egami
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hamashima
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
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14
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Barham JP, Koyama E, Norikane Y, Ohneda N, Yoshimura T. Microwave Flow: A Perspective on Reactor and Microwave Configurations and the Emergence of Tunable Single‐Mode Heating Toward Large‐Scale Applications. CHEM REC 2018; 19:188-203. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P. Barham
- Electronics and Photonics Research InstituteNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568 Japan
| | - Emiko Koyama
- Electronics and Photonics Research InstituteNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568 Japan
| | - Yasuo Norikane
- Electronics and Photonics Research InstituteNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568 Japan
| | - Noriyuki Ohneda
- SAIDA FDS, INC. 143-10 Isshiki Yaizu, Shizuoka 425-0054 Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshimura
- SAIDA FDS, INC. 143-10 Isshiki Yaizu, Shizuoka 425-0054 Japan
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15
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Koyama E, Ito N, Sugiyama JI, Barham JP, Norikane Y, Azumi R, Ohneda N, Ohno Y, Yoshimura T, Odajima H, Okamoto T. A continuous-flow resonator-type microwave reactor for high-efficiency organic synthesis and Claisen rearrangement as a model reaction. J Flow Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-018-0021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Tagliapietra S, Calcio Gaudino E, Martina K, Barge A, Cravotto G. Microwave Irradiation in Micro‐ Meso‐Fluidic Systems; Hybrid Technology has Issued the Challenge. CHEM REC 2018; 19:98-117. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Tagliapietra
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del FarmacoUniversity of Turin Via Giuria 9 10125- Turin Italy
| | - Emanuela Calcio Gaudino
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del FarmacoUniversity of Turin Via Giuria 9 10125- Turin Italy
| | - Katia Martina
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del FarmacoUniversity of Turin Via Giuria 9 10125- Turin Italy
| | - Alessandro Barge
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del FarmacoUniversity of Turin Via Giuria 9 10125- Turin Italy
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del FarmacoUniversity of Turin Via Giuria 9 10125- Turin Italy
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17
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Egami H, Tamaoki S, Abe M, Ohneda N, Yoshimura T, Okamoto T, Odajima H, Mase N, Takeda K, Hamashima Y. Scalable Microwave-Assisted Johnson–Claisen Rearrangement with a Continuous Flow Microwave System. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Egami
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Souma Tamaoki
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Masato Abe
- Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering Course, Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Ohneda
- SAIDA FDS Inc., 143-10 Isshiki, Yaizu, Shizuoka 425-0054, Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshimura
- SAIDA FDS Inc., 143-10 Isshiki, Yaizu, Shizuoka 425-0054, Japan
| | - Tadashi Okamoto
- SAIDA FDS Inc., 143-10 Isshiki, Yaizu, Shizuoka 425-0054, Japan
| | | | - Nobuyuki Mase
- Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering Course, Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takeda
- Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering Course, Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hamashima
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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18
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Priecel P, Perez Mejia JE, Carà PD, Lopez-Sanchez JA. Microwaves in the Catalytic Valorisation of Biomass Derivatives. SUSTAINABLE CATALYSIS FOR BIOREFINERIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/9781788013567-00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The application of microwave irradiation in the transformation of biomass has been receiving particular interest in recent years due to the use of polar media in such processes and it is now well-known that for biomass conversion, and particularly for lignocellulose hydrolysis, microwave irradiation can dramatically increase reaction rates with no negative consequences on product selectivity. However, it is only in the last ten years that the utilisation of microwaves has been coupled with catalysis aiming towards valorising biomass components or their derivatives via a range of reactions where high selectivity is required in addition to enhanced conversions. The reduced reaction times and superior yields are particularly attractive as they might facilitate the transition towards flow reactors and intensified production. As a consequence, several reports now describe the catalytic transformation of biomass derivatives via hydrogenation, oxidation, dehydration, esterification and transesterification using microwaves. Clearly, this technology has a huge potential for biomass conversion towards chemicals and fuels and will be an important tool within the biorefinery toolkit. The aim of this chapter is to give the reader an overview of the exciting scientific work carried out to date where microwave reactors and catalysis are combined in the transformation of biomass and its derivatives to higher value molecules and products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Priecel
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Javier Eduardo Perez Mejia
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Piera Demma Carà
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
- MicroBioRefinery Facility, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Jose A. Lopez-Sanchez
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
- MicroBioRefinery Facility, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
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19
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Skillinghaug B, Rydfjord J, Sävmarker J, Larhed M. Microwave Heated Continuous Flow Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Desulfitative Synthesis of Aryl Ketones. Org Process Res Dev 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bobo Skillinghaug
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Division of Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Rydfjord
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Division of Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Sävmarker
- The
Beijer Laboratory for Drug Discovery, Department of Medicinal Chemistry,
Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Larhed
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala Biomedical
Center, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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20
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Kumpiņa I, Isaksson R, Sävmarker J, Wannberg J, Larhed M. Microwave Promoted Transcarbamylation Reaction of Sulfonylcarbamates under Continuous-Flow Conditions. Org Process Res Dev 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilze Kumpiņa
- Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Beijer Laboratory,
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Center, and §Department of
Medicinal Chemistry, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box-574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rebecka Isaksson
- Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Beijer Laboratory,
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Center, and §Department of
Medicinal Chemistry, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box-574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Sävmarker
- Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Beijer Laboratory,
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Center, and §Department of
Medicinal Chemistry, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box-574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Wannberg
- Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Beijer Laboratory,
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Center, and §Department of
Medicinal Chemistry, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box-574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Larhed
- Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Beijer Laboratory,
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Center, and §Department of
Medicinal Chemistry, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box-574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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21
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Zhou P, Yang X, Huang K, Jia G. Microwave-Assisted Continuous-Flow Reactor Based on a Ridged Waveguide. Chem Eng Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201400634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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Rathi AK, Gawande MB, Zboril R, Varma RS. Microwave-assisted synthesis – Catalytic applications in aqueous media. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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23
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Kaur N. Recent Impact of Microwave-Assisted Synthesis on Benzo Derivatives of Five-Membered N-Heterocycles. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2013.824983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Navjeet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Navjeet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
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25
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Yokozawa S, Ohneda N, Muramatsu K, Okamoto T, Odajima H, Ikawa T, Sugiyama JI, Fujita M, Sawairi T, Egami H, Hamashima Y, Egi M, Akai S. Development of a highly efficient single-mode microwave applicator with a resonant cavity and its application to continuous flow syntheses. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra12428f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A new microwave applicator specifically designed for continuous flow synthesis has been developed and tested in the Fischer indole synthesis and in the Diels–Alder reaction to afford the reaction products at a scale of 100 g h−1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Takashi Ikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Osaka University
- Suita
- Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Sugiyama
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Masashi Fujita
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Shizuoka
- Shizuoka
- Japan
| | - Taira Sawairi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Shizuoka
- Shizuoka
- Japan
| | - Hiromichi Egami
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Shizuoka
- Shizuoka
- Japan
| | | | - Masahiro Egi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Shizuoka
- Shizuoka
- Japan
| | - Shuji Akai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Osaka University
- Suita
- Japan
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26
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27
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Engen K, Sävmarker J, Rosenström U, Wannberg J, Lundbäck T, Jenmalm-Jensen A, Larhed M. Microwave Heated Flow Synthesis of Spiro-oxindole Dihydroquinazolinone Based IRAP Inhibitors. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op500237k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Lundbäck
- Chemical
Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Division of
Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical
Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen
23A, SE-171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Annika Jenmalm-Jensen
- Chemical
Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Division of
Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical
Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen
23A, SE-171 65 Solna, Sweden
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28
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Konda V, Rydfjord J, Sävmarker J, Larhed M. Safe Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings with Microwave Heating Using Continuous-Flow Silicon Carbide Reactors. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op5001989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Konda
- Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Beijer Laboratory,
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, and §Department of Medicinal Chemistry,
Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box-574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Rydfjord
- Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Beijer Laboratory,
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, and §Department of Medicinal Chemistry,
Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box-574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Sävmarker
- Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Beijer Laboratory,
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, and §Department of Medicinal Chemistry,
Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box-574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Larhed
- Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Beijer Laboratory,
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, and §Department of Medicinal Chemistry,
Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box-574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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29
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Batch and continuous flow preparation of Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridines under microwave heating and simultaneous real-time monitoring by Raman spectroscopy. An exploratory study. Molecules 2014; 19:9986-98. [PMID: 25010470 PMCID: PMC6271481 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19079986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dialkyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethylpyridine-3,5-dicarboxylates have been prepared in a batch mode under conventional heating as well as under continuous flow conditions in the Miniflow 200SS, Sairem’s microwave-assisted batch and continuous flow equipment. Real-time monitoring of the reactions by Raman spectroscopy enabled to compare both heating modes and to determine (optimized) reaction times.
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30
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Nishioka M, Sato K, Onodera A, Miyakawa M, Tanaka DAP, Kasai M, Miyazawa A, Suzuki TM. Controlled Heating of Palladium Dispersed Porous Alumina Tube and Continuous Oxidation of Ethylene Using Frequency-Variable Single-Mode Microwave Reactor. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie4032555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masateru Nishioka
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, 4-2-1, Nigatake, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, 983-8551, Japan
| | - Koichi Sato
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, 4-2-1, Nigatake, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, 983-8551, Japan
| | - Ayumi Onodera
- Tohoku Gakuin University, 1-13-1, Chuo, Tagajo, Miyagi, 985-8537, Japan
| | - Masato Miyakawa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, 4-2-1, Nigatake, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, 983-8551, Japan
| | | | - Makoto Kasai
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, 4-2-1, Nigatake, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, 983-8551, Japan
| | - Akira Miyazawa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, 4-2-1, Nigatake, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, 983-8551, Japan
| | - Toshishige M. Suzuki
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, 4-2-1, Nigatake, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, 983-8551, Japan
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31
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Bagley MC, Fusillo V, Jenkins RL, Lubinu MC, Mason C. One-step synthesis of pyridines and dihydropyridines in a continuous flow microwave reactor. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:1957-68. [PMID: 24204407 PMCID: PMC3817555 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bohlmann-Rahtz pyridine synthesis and the Hantzsch dihydropyridine synthesis can be carried out in a microwave flow reactor or using a conductive heating flow platform for the continuous processing of material. In the Bohlmann-Rahtz reaction, the use of a Brønsted acid catalyst allows Michael addition and cyclodehydration to be carried out in a single step without isolation of intermediates to give the corresponding trisubstituted pyridine as a single regioisomer in good yield. Furthermore, 3-substituted propargyl aldehydes undergo Hantzsch dihydropyridine synthesis in preference to Bohlmann-Rahtz reaction in a very high yielding process that is readily transferred to continuous flow processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Bagley
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 9QJ, UK
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32
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Green PU resin from an accelerated Non-isocyanate process with microwave radiation. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-013-0195-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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33
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Nishioka M, Miyakawa M, Daino Y, Kataoka H, Koda H, Sato K, Suzuki TM. Single-Mode Microwave Reactor Used for Continuous Flow Reactions under Elevated Pressure. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie400199r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masateru Nishioka
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST,
4-2-1, Nigatake, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, 983-8551, Japan
| | - Masato Miyakawa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST,
4-2-1, Nigatake, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, 983-8551, Japan
| | - Yohei Daino
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST,
4-2-1, Nigatake, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, 983-8551, Japan
| | - Haruki Kataoka
- Shinko-Kagaku Co. Ltd., 1544-19, Masumori, Koshigaya-shi, Saitama, 343-0012,
Japan
| | - Hidekazu Koda
- Shinko-Kagaku Co. Ltd., 1544-19, Masumori, Koshigaya-shi, Saitama, 343-0012,
Japan
| | - Koichi Sato
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST,
4-2-1, Nigatake, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, 983-8551, Japan
| | - Toshishige M. Suzuki
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST,
4-2-1, Nigatake, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, 983-8551, Japan
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34
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35
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Baxendale IR, Hornung C, Ley SV, Molina JDMM, Wikström A. Flow Microwave Technology and Microreactors in Synthesis. Aust J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1071/ch12365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A bespoke microwave reactor with a glass containment cell has been developed for performing continuous flow reactions under microwave heating. The prototype unit has been evaluated using a series of standard organic chemical transformations enabling scale-up of these chemical processes. As part of the development, a carbon-doped PTFE reactor insert was utilized to allow the heating of poorly absorbing reaction media, increasing the range of solvents and scope of reactions that can be performed in the device.
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36
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Karney MJ, Porter KA, Barnhardt EK, Vanier GS. Meso-scale microwave-assisted continuous flow reactions utilizing a selective heating matrix. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40783g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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37
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Sadler S, Moeller AR, Jones GB. Microwave and continuous flow technologies in drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2012; 7:1107-28. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2012.727393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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38
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Ullah F, Zang Q, Javed S, Porubsky P, Neuenswander B, Lushington GH, Hanson PR, Organ MG. Synthesis of an Isoindoline-Annulated, Tricyclic Sultam Library via Microwave-Assisted, Continuous-Flow Organic Synthesis (MACOS). SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2012; 44. [PMID: 24244052 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1289791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A microwave-assisted, continuous-flow organic synthesis (MACOS) protocol for the synthesis of an isoindoline-annulat-ed, tricyclic sultam library, utilizing a Heck-aza-Michael (HaM) strategy, is reported. This sequence involves a Heck reaction on vi-nylsulfonamides with batch microwave heating followed by a one-pot, sequential intramolecular aza-Michael cyclization/Boc-deprot-ection using MACOS. Subsequent cyclization with either 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole or chloromethyl pivalate using MACOS provided an array of tricyclic sultams. This efficient three-step protocol requires only a few hours to produce the target sultams starting from simple starting materials. Using this strategy, a 38-member library of isoindoline-annulated sultams was generated in good to excellent overall yields (53-87%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Farman Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada, Fax +1(416)7365936 ; The University of Kansas Center for Chemical Methodologies and Library Development (KU-CMLD), Del Shankel Structural Biology Center, 2034 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047-3761, USA, Fax +1(785)8645396
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39
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Öhrngren P, Fardost A, Russo F, Schanche JS, Fagrell M, Larhed M. Evaluation of a Nonresonant Microwave Applicator for Continuous-Flow Chemistry Applications. Org Process Res Dev 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/op300003b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Per Öhrngren
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, BMC, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala,
Sweden
| | - Ashkan Fardost
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, BMC, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala,
Sweden
| | - Francesco Russo
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, BMC, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala,
Sweden
| | | | - Magnus Fagrell
- WaveCraft AB, Bergsbrunnagatan 11, SE 753 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Larhed
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, BMC, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala,
Sweden
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40
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Wegner J, Ceylan S, Kirschning A. Flow Chemistry – A Key Enabling Technology for (Multistep) Organic Synthesis. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 497] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Wegner
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Biomolekulares Wirkstoffzentrum (BMWZ), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, D‐30167 Hannover, Germany, Fax: (+49)‐(0)511‐762‐3011; phone: (+49)‐(0)511‐762‐4612
| | - Sascha Ceylan
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Biomolekulares Wirkstoffzentrum (BMWZ), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, D‐30167 Hannover, Germany, Fax: (+49)‐(0)511‐762‐3011; phone: (+49)‐(0)511‐762‐4612
| | - Andreas Kirschning
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Biomolekulares Wirkstoffzentrum (BMWZ), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, D‐30167 Hannover, Germany, Fax: (+49)‐(0)511‐762‐3011; phone: (+49)‐(0)511‐762‐4612
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41
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Rosana MR, Tao Y, Stiegman AE, Dudley GB. On the rational design of microwave-actuated organic reactions. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc01003h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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42
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Rueping M, Bootwicha T, Baars H, Sugiono E. Continuous-flow hydration-condensation reaction: Synthesis of α,β-unsaturated ketones from alkynes and aldehydes by using a heterogeneous solid acid catalyst. Beilstein J Org Chem 2011; 7:1680-7. [PMID: 22238547 PMCID: PMC3252873 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.7.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, practical and efficient continuous-flow hydration-condensation protocol was developed for the synthesis of α,β-unsaturated ketones starting from alkynes and aldehydes by employing a heterogeneous catalyst in a flow microwave. The procedure presents a straightforward and convenient access to valuable differently substituted chalcones and can be applied on multigram scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Rueping
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Teerawut Bootwicha
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Hannah Baars
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Erli Sugiono
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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43
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The Microwave-to-Flow Paradigm: Translating High-Temperature Batch Microwave Chemistry to Scalable Continuous-Flow Processes. Chemistry 2011; 17:11956-68. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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44
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Painter TO, Thornton PD, Orestano M, Santini C, Organ MG, Aubé J. In situ generation and intramolecular Schmidt reaction of keto azides in a microwave-assisted flow format. Chemistry 2011; 17:9595-8. [PMID: 21796690 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas O Painter
- Chemical Methodology and Library Development Center, University of Kansas, Delbert M. Shankel Structural Biology Center, Lawrence, KS 66047-3761, USA
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45
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Gram-scale synthesis of the p38α MAPK-inhibitor VX-745 for preclinical studies into Werner syndrome. Future Med Chem 2011; 2:1417-27. [PMID: 21426137 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.10.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ATP-competitive p38α MAPK inhibitor VX-745 exhibits an exquisite kinase selectivity profile, is effective in blocking p38 stress signaling in Werner syndrome dermal fibroblasts, has efficacy in clinical trials and may have therapeutic value against Werner syndrome. Previous synthetic routes, however, have only resulted in milligram quantities suitable for cell-based studies, whereas gram quantities would be required for in vivo use. RESULTS & DISCUSSION Microwave irradiation using a stop-flow monomodal microwave reactor has been found to facilitate scale-up of the synthesis of VX-745. Ullmann-type C-S bond formation using thiophenol, chloropyridazine, copper(I) catalyst and diol ligand proceeds rapidly and efficiently in this apparatus for elaboration to the pyrimido[1,6-b]pyridazinone core of VX-745 on gram scale and with good overall yield. CONCLUSION This method delivers the p38 inhibitor VX-745 in sufficient quantities for preclinical studies to rescue the aging phenotype in Werner syndrome.
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46
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Nishioka M, Miyakawa M, Kataoka H, Koda H, Sato K, Suzuki TM. Continuous synthesis of monodispersed silver nanoparticles using a homogeneous heating microwave reactor system. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:2621-2626. [PMID: 21552644 DOI: 10.1039/c1nr10199d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Continuous synthesis of silver nanoparticles based on a polyol process was conducted using a microwave-assisted flow reactor installed in a cylindrical resonance cavity. Silver nitrate (AgNO(3)) and poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) dissolved in ethylene glycol were used respectively as a silver metal precursor and as a capping agent of nanoparticles. Ethylene glycol worked as the solvent and simultaneously as the reductant. Silver nanoparticles of narrow size distributions were synthesized steadily for 5 h, maintaining almost constant yield (>93%) and quality. The reaction was achieved within 2.8 s of residence time, although nanoparticles were not formed under this flow rate by conventional heating. A narrower particle size distribution was realized by the increased flow rate of the reaction solution. Nanoparticles of 9.8 nm average size with a standard deviation of 0.9 nm were synthesized at the rate of 100 ml h(-l).
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Affiliation(s)
- Masateru Nishioka
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, 4-2-1, Nigatake, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, 983-8551, Japan.
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47
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Ali AA, Gaikar VG. Microwave-Assisted Process Intensification of Synthesis of Thymol Using Carbonized Sulfonic Acidic Resin (CSA) Catalyst. Ind Eng Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ie102053f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asraf A. Ali
- Institute of Chemical Technology Matunga, Mumbai − 400 019, India
| | - Vilas G. Gaikar
- Institute of Chemical Technology Matunga, Mumbai − 400 019, India
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Nishida M, Tagata T. Recent Progress in the Preparation of Organoboron Reagents via Direct Borylations. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2011. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.69.1212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Rueping M, Bootwicha T, Sugiono E. Efficient and General Continuous-Flow Hydroarylation and Hydroalkylation of Styrenes. Adv Synth Catal 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201000538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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