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Khatri HR, Han C, Luong E, Pan X, Adam AT, Alshammari MD, Shao Y, Colby DA. Controlling the Cleavage of Carbon-Carbon Bonds To Generate α,α-Difluorobenzyl Carbanions for the Construction of Difluoromethylbenzenes. J Org Chem 2019; 84:11665-11675. [PMID: 31449418 PMCID: PMC8262649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Controlling the cleavage of carbon-carbon bonds during a chemical reaction is a substantial challenge; however, synthetic methods that accomplish this objective produce valuable and often unexplored reactivity. We have designed a mild process to generate α,α-difluorobenzyl carbanions in the presence of potassium carbonate by exploiting the cleavage of C-C bonds during the release of trifluoroacetate. The initiating reagent is potassium carbonate, which represents an improvement over existing protocols that require a strong base. Fragmentation studies across substituted arenes and heteroarenes were conducted along with computational analyses to elucidate reactivity trends. Furthermore, the mildly generated α,α-difluorobenzyl carbanions from electron-deficient aromatics and heteroaromatic rings can react with aldehydes to create derivatives of difluoromethylbenzenes, which are valuable synthetic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari R. Khatri
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Changho Han
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Erica Luong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Xiaoliang Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Amna T. Adam
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Maali D. Alshammari
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Yihan Shao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - David A. Colby
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
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2
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Kutateladze AG, Holt T, Reddy DS. Natural Products Containing the Oxetane and Related Moieties Present Additional Challenges for Structure Elucidation: A DU8+ Computational Case Study. J Org Chem 2019; 84:7575-7586. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei G. Kutateladze
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, United States
| | - Tina Holt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, United States
| | - D. Sai Reddy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, United States
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Xia A, Qi X, Mao X, Wu X, Yang X, Zhang R, Xiang Z, Lian Z, Chen Y, Yang S. Metal-Free Aerobic Oxidative Selective C-C Bond Cleavage in Heteroaryl-Containing Primary and Secondary Alcohols. Org Lett 2019; 21:3028-3033. [PMID: 30995066 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A transition-metal-free aerobic oxidative selective C-C bond-cleavage reaction in primary and secondary heteroaryl alcohols is reported. This reaction was highly efficient and tolerated various heteroaryl alcohols, generating a carboxylic acid derivative and a neutral heteroaromatic compound. Experimental studies combined with density functional theory calculations revealed the mechanism underlying the selective C-C bond cleavage. This strategy also provides an alternative simple approach to carboxylation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjie Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610041 , China
| | - Xueyu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610041 , China
| | - Xin Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610041 , China
| | - Xiaoai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610041 , China
| | - Xin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610041 , China
| | - Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610041 , China
| | - Zhiyu Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610041 , China
| | - Zhong Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610041 , China
| | - Yingchun Chen
- West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610041 , China
| | - Shengyong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610041 , China
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4
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Huang X, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Zhang L, Xu Y, Kong L, Wang Z, Peng B. The
ortho
‐Difluoroalkylation of Aryliodanes with Enol Silyl Ethers: Rearrangement Enabled by a Fluorine Effect. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis MaterialsZhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Yage Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis MaterialsZhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Chaoshen Zhang
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis MaterialsZhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Ying Xu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis MaterialsZhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Lichun Kong
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis MaterialsZhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Zhi‐Xiang Wang
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Bo Peng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis MaterialsZhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 China
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5
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Huang X, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Zhang L, Xu Y, Kong L, Wang Z, Peng B. The
ortho
‐Difluoroalkylation of Aryliodanes with Enol Silyl Ethers: Rearrangement Enabled by a Fluorine Effect. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:5956-5961. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis MaterialsZhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Yage Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis MaterialsZhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Chaoshen Zhang
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis MaterialsZhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Ying Xu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis MaterialsZhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Lichun Kong
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis MaterialsZhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Zhi‐Xiang Wang
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Bo Peng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis MaterialsZhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 China
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6
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Hazlitt RA, Tran QL, Sowaileh MF, Colby DA. Generation of Magnesium Pentafluoropropen-2-olate from Hexafluoroisopropanol and Synthesis of 2,2,4,4,4-Pentafluoro-3,3-dihydroxyketones. J Org Chem 2017; 82:2231-2236. [PMID: 28107014 PMCID: PMC7500852 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
2,2,4,4,4-Pentafluoro-3,3-dihydroxyketones are valuable precursors to difluoroenolates following fragmentation during the release of trifluoroacetate; however, there are few synthetic strategies to prepare this unique class of compound. We addressed this issue and report a mild, two-step synthesis of 2,2,4,4,4-pentafluoro-3,3-dihydroxyketones from aldehydes. Specifically, aldehydes are treated with pentafluoropropen-2-olate, generated from a new fragmentation of hexafluoroisopropanol with a mixed Mg/Li amide, to give pentafluoroalcohols. A subsequent oxidation with Dess-Martin periodinane provides the targets in good isolated yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Hazlitt
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677
| | - Que-Lynn Tran
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677
| | - Munia F. Sowaileh
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677
| | - David A. Colby
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677
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Chen J, Guo YP, Sun MH, Fan GT, Zhou L. Bromoform reaction of tertiary amines with N,N-dibromosulfonamides or NBS/sulfonamides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:12367-70. [PMID: 25187429 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc05578k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new bromoform reaction of tertiary amines with N,N-dibromosulfonamides or NBS/sulfonamides has been developed. A series of amidines were prepared with moderate to good yields via a Csp(3)-Csp(3) bond cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China.
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8
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Zhang P, Wolf C. Katalytische enantioselektive Difluoralkylierung von Aldehyden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201303551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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9
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Zhang P, Wolf C. Catalytic Enantioselective Difluoroalkylation of Aldehydes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:7869-73. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201303551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Rosa E, Guerrero A, Bosch MP, Julià L. EPR/spin-trapping study of free radical intermediates in the photolysis of trifluoromethyl ketones with initiators. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2010; 48:198-204. [PMID: 20058258 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Photolysis of trifluoromethyl ketones (TFMKs) 1a-1e versus the non-fluorinated ketones 2a-2b in the presence of radical initiators by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy has been studied for the first time. The transient radicals generated after irradiation of the ketones were identified by trapping with 2-methyl-2-nitrosopropane (MNP) and 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylnitrosobenzene (TTBNB) as spin traps. TTBNB is a powerful, particularly useful spin trap in these kinds of processes producing anilino and nitroxyl spin adducts due to the ambivalent reactivity on the N and O atoms. In the presence of t-butylperoxide, short-chain TFMKs, such as 1,1,1-trifluoroacetone (1d) and hexafluoroacetone (1e), give rise to detection of the elusive trifluoromethyl radical. In contrast, long-chain TFMKs did not provide clues to prove formation of the trifluoromethyl radical but instead to radicals derived by abstraction of one alpha-methylene proton to the carbonyl. Although TFMKs are quite stable to photodegradation in the absence of initiator, methyl ketone 2b and phenyl ketone 3 produce radicals resulting from abstraction of a gamma-hydrogen to the carbonyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmeralda Rosa
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Modellization, IQAC (CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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Nakaike Y, Taba N, Itoh S, Tobe Y, Nishiwaki N, Ariga M. Nucleophilic Substitution Accompanying Carbon–Carbon Bond Cleavage Assisted by a Nitro Group. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2007. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.80.2413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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