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Qiu Y, Gan M, Wang X, Liao T, Chen Q, Lei Y, Chen L, Wang J, Zhao Y, Niu L, Wang Y, Zhang S, Zhu L, Shen L. The global perspective on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in ectopic fat deposition: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127042. [PMID: 37742894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Excessive expansion of adipocytes can have unhealthy consequences as excess free fatty acids enter other tissues and cause ectopic fat deposition by resynthesizing triglycerides. This lipid accumulation in various tissues is harmful and can increase the risk of related metabolic diseases such as type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and insulin resistance. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily that play a key role in energy metabolism as fatty acid metabolism sensors, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is the main subtype responsible for fat cell differentiation and adipogenesis. In this paper, we introduce the main structure and function of PPARγ and its regulatory role in the process of lipogenesis in the liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, and pancreas. This information can serve as a reference for further understanding the regulatory mechanisms and measures of the PPAR family in the process of ectopic fat deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhao Qiu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mailin Gan
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xingyu Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tianci Liao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qiuyang Chen
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuhang Lei
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jinyong Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lili Niu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shunhua Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Linyuan Shen
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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2
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Zhou X, Pak S, Li D, Dong L, Chen F, Hu X, Ma L. Bamboo Shoots Modulate Gut Microbiota, Eliminate Obesity in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Mice and Improve Lipid Metabolism. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071380. [PMID: 37048203 PMCID: PMC10093345 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bamboo shoots (BS) have a variety of nutritional benefits; however, their anti-obesity effect and its underlying mechanism of action are still unclear. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of BS against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced gut dysbiosis in mice. After 12 weeks of feeding C57BL/6J mice either on a normal or an HFD with or without BS, metabolic indicators, including blood lipids and glucose tolerance, were measured. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomics were used to identify alterations in gut microbiota composition and fecal metabolic profiling. The results demonstrated that BS supplementation reduced body weight by 30.56%, mitigated liver damage, and improved insulin resistance and inflammation in obese mice. In addition, BS increased short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels and SCFA-producing bacteria (e.g., Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and Norank_f_Muribaculaceae), and reduced levels of harmful bacteria (e.g., Blautia and Burkholderia-Paraburkholderia). Finally, BS increased many beneficial fecal metabolites, such as fatty acids and bile acids, which are highly relevant to the altered gut microbiota. Based on the modulatory effect of BS on microbiota composition and gut metabolite levels observed in this study, we suggest that BS may be beneficial in treating obesity and its related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Agriculture, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - SolJu Pak
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Agriculture, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Daotong Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Agriculture, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Li Dong
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Agriculture, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fang Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Agriculture, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Agriculture, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lingjun Ma
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Agriculture, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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3
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Fang MY, Huang KH, Tu WJ, Chen YT, Pan PY, Hsiao WC, Ke YY, Tsou LK, Zhang MM. Chemoproteomic profiling reveals cellular targets of nitro-fatty acids. Redox Biol 2021; 46:102126. [PMID: 34509914 PMCID: PMC8441202 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitro-fatty acids are a class of endogenous electrophilic lipid mediators with anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects in a wide range of inflammatory and fibrotic disease models. While these beneficial biological effects of nitro-fatty acids are mainly attributed to their ability to form covalent adducts with proteins, only a small number of proteins are known to be nitro-alkylated and the scope of protein nitro-alkylation remains undetermined. Here we describe the synthesis and application of a clickable nitro-fatty acid probe for the detection and first global identification of mammalian proteins that are susceptible to nitro-alkylation. 184 high confidence nitro-alkylated proteins were identified in THP1 macrophages, majority of which are novel targets of nitro-fatty acids, including extended synaptotagmin 2 (ESYT2), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRα) and glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1). In particular, we showed that 9-nitro-oleate covalently modified and inhibited dexamethasone binding to NR3C1. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that nitro-alkylated proteins are highly enriched in endoplasmic reticulum and transmembrane proteins, and are overrepresented in lipid metabolism and transport pathways. This study significantly expands the scope of protein substrates targeted by nitro-fatty acids in living cells and provides a useful resource towards understanding the pleiotropic biological roles of nitro-fatty acids as signaling molecules or as multi-target therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yu Fang
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hsun Huang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ju Tu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yun Pan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chi Hsiao
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan; Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yu Ke
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Lun K Tsou
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Mingzi M Zhang
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan.
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4
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Woodcock SR, Salvatore SR, Freeman BA, Schopfer FJ. Synthesis of 9- and 12-nitro conjugated linoleic acid: Regiospecific isomers of naturally occurring conjugated nitrodienes. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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5
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Travelli C, Aprile S, Rahimian R, Grolla AA, Rogati F, Bertolotti M, Malagnino F, di Paola R, Impellizzeri D, Fusco R, Mercalli V, Massarotti A, Stortini G, Terrazzino S, Del Grosso E, Fakhfouri G, Troiani MP, Alisi MA, Grosa G, Sorba G, Canonico PL, Orsomando G, Cuzzocrea S, Genazzani AA, Galli U, Tron GC. Identification of Novel Triazole-Based Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) Inhibitors Endowed with Antiproliferative and Antiinflammatory Activity. J Med Chem 2017; 60:1768-1792. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Travelli
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Silvio Aprile
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Reza Rahimian
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department
of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Research Center
of the Mental Health Institute of Quebec, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Ambra A. Grolla
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Federica Rogati
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Mattia Bertolotti
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Floriana Malagnino
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Rosanna di Paola
- Department
of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department
of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department
of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Valentina Mercalli
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Alberto Massarotti
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Giorgio Stortini
- Department
of Oncology, Nerviano Medical Sciences Srl, Viale Pasteur 10, 20014 Nerviano, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Terrazzino
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Erika Del Grosso
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Gohar Fakhfouri
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maria Pia Troiani
- R&D, Angelini Research Center, Piazzale della Stazione, 00040 S. Palomba-Pomezia, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Grosa
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sorba
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Canonico
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Orsomando
- Department
of Clinical Sciences (DISCO), Section of Biochemistry, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Ranieri 67, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department
of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Armando A. Genazzani
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Ubaldina Galli
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Gian Cesare Tron
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
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6
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Chemistry and biology of biomolecule nitration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 19:1086-92. [PMID: 22999877 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2012.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications of proteins play key roles in the regulation of biological processes and lead to various physiological responses. In recent years, a number of analytical technologies have been developed to help understand the diversity and disease relevance of these modifications. The main areas of focus have included phosphorylation, cysteine redox chemistry, and transformations mediated directly by oxidative stress. However, the nitration of biomolecules is an exciting and relatively understudied area of research. Reactive nitrogen species generated in various disease states can create nitrated biomolecules, and we are only beginning to understand the potential implications of these species. This review explores some of the recent advances in current knowledge concerning the chemistry and biology of nitrated biomolecules.
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7
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Woodcock SR, Salvatore SR, Bonacci G, Schopfer FJ, Freeman BA. Biomimetic nitration of conjugated linoleic acid: formation and characterization of naturally occurring conjugated nitrodienes. J Org Chem 2013; 79:25-33. [PMID: 24350701 DOI: 10.1021/jo4021562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitro-conjugated linoleic acids (NO2-cLA), endogenous nitrodiene lipids which act as inflammatory signaling mediators, were isolated and single isomers purified from the biomimetic acidic nitration products of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Structures were elucidated by means of detailed NMR and HPLC-MS/MS spectroscopic analysis and the relative double bond configurations assigned. Additional synthetic methods produced useful quantities and similar isomeric distributions of these unusual and reactive compounds for biological studies and isotopic standards, and the potential conversion of nitro-linoleic to nitro-conjugated linoleic acids was explored via a facile base-catalyzed isomerization. This represents one of the few descriptions of naturally occurring conjugated nitro dienes (in particular, 1-nitro 1,3-diene), an unusual and highly reactive motif with few biological examples extant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R Woodcock
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh . Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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8
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Soengas RG, Rodríguez-Solla H, Silva AMS, Llavona R, Paz FAA. Synthesis of Enantiopure 2-C-Glycosyl-3-nitrochromenes. J Org Chem 2013; 78:12831-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jo4021634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel G. Soengas
- Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Humberto Rodríguez-Solla
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Artur M. S. Silva
- Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Llavona
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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9
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Das UN. Lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, maresins and nitrolipids, and their clinical implications with specific reference to cancer: part I. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.13.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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10
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Woodcock SR, Bonacci G, Gelhaus SL, Schopfer FJ. Nitrated fatty acids: synthesis and measurement. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 59:14-26. [PMID: 23200809 PMCID: PMC4020000 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Nitrated fatty acids are the product of nitrogen dioxide reaction with unsaturated fatty acids. The discovery of peroxynitrite and peroxidase-induced nitration of biomolecules led to the initial reports of endogenous nitrated fatty acids. These species increase during ischemia/reperfusion, but concentrations are often at or near the limits of detection. Here, we describe multiple methods for nitrated fatty acid synthesis and sample extraction from complex biological matrices and a rigorous method of qualitative and quantitative detection of nitrated fatty acids by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. In addition, optimized instrument conditions and caveats regarding data interpretation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R Woodcock
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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11
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Palmieri A, Gabrielli S, Ballini R. Easy and direct conversion of tosylates and mesylates into nitroalkanes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:533-6. [PMID: 23616794 PMCID: PMC3628907 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Tosylates and mesylates were directly converted into the corresponding nitroalkanes, by their treatment with tetrabutylammonium nitrite (TBAN) under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Palmieri
- "Green Chemistry Group", School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
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12
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Tyagi R, Shimpukade B, Blättermann S, Kostenis E, Ulven T. A concise synthesis of the potent inflammatory mediator 5-oxo-ETE. MEDCHEMCOMM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1md00231g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Chang CY. A Short and Efficient Synthesis of a Novel Diarylheptanoid Isolated from Pleuranthodium Racemigerum. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201190026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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Zanoni G, Valli M, Bendjeddou L, Porta A, Bruno P, Vidari G. Improved Synthesis of (E)-12-Nitrooctadec-12-enoic acid, a Potent PPARγ Activator. Development of a “Buffer-Free” Enzymatic Method for Hydrolysis of Methyl Esters. J Org Chem 2010; 75:8311-4. [DOI: 10.1021/jo101806m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Zanoni
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Valli
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Alessio Porta
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Bruno
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vidari
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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