Iron-Catalyzed Domino Process for the Synthesis of α-Carbonyl Furan Derivatives via One-Pot Cyclization Reaction

Towards tetrasubstituted furans through rearrangement and cyclodimerization of acetylenic ketones

Cyclodimerization of readily accessible acetylenic ketones facilitated by a phosphane-borane complex under basic conditions is achieved. This methodology allows one-pot synthesis of phosphorus-involved tetrasubstituted furans via the construction of a C-P bond and a furan ring within a single procedure. A plausible reaction mechanism is proposed.

Synthetic Studies toward the Berkeleyacetal Core Architecture

Berkeleyacetals are structurally complex natural products that have shown potent anti-inflammatory activity. The presence of a highly dense oxygen functionality and a polycyclic ring system presents significant synthetic challenges. Herein, we report an efficient strategy for the construction of the tetracyclic core system of berkeleyacetal. Our synthetic strategy features two cycloadditions ([4+2] and [5+2]) to forge the tetracyclic core and Achmatowicz rearrangement for the preparation of the cyclization substrates containing B and E rings.

Iodine-Catalyzed Synthesis of Substituted Furans and Pyrans: Reaction Scope and Mechanistic Insights

Substituted pyrans and furans are core structures found in a wide variety of natural products and biologically active compounds. Herein, we report a practical and mild catalytic method for the synthesis of substituted pyrans and furans using molecular iodine, a simple and inexpensive catalyst. The method described is performed under solvent-free conditions at an ambient temperature and atmosphere, thus offering a facile and practical alternative to currently available reaction protocols. A combination of experimental studies and density functional theory calculations revealed interesting mechanistic insights into this seemingly simple reaction.

Cascade Radical Cyclization on Alkynyl Vinylogous Carbonates for the Divergent Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Furans and Dihydrofurans

A single alkynyl vinylogous carbonate was elaborated to tetrasubstituted furan or dihydrofuran via a cascade inter-intramolecular radical reaction by changing the radical being added. The strategy could be used in the synthesis of polycyclic heterocycles as well as bis-furan exhibiting atropisomerism. Installation of a new furan motif on the existing one was feasible by iteration. Stannyl dihydrofuran derivative was used in Stille coupling, whereas intramolecular Friedel-Crafts acylation on the furan gave furanonaphthol.

One-Pot Tandem Approach to Functionalized 3-Hydroxy-2-furanyl-acrylamides

A novel one-pot tandem process involving Knoevenagel condensation, Michael addition, selective amidation, and Paal-Knorr cyclization to diverse functionalized 3-hydroxy-2-furanyl-acrylamides from simple 2-oxoaldehydes and aroylacetonitriles was presented. Attempts were also made to expand the scope of the reaction to different 2-heteroarylfurans. The packing diagram of the molecules viewed down along the α-axis of the unit cell showed a characteristic intramolecular classical O-H···O hydrogen bond between hydroxyl and carbonyl O atoms leading to self-associated (Z)-2-furanyl-acrylamides.

A calcium catalysed regioselective (5-exo dig) tandem process for the synthesis of fully substituted furans

An efficient and highly regioselective synthesis of fully substituted furans has been described using Ca(OTf)₂. The reaction proceeds through tandem alkylation, 5-exo dig cyclisation and isomerization under solvent free conditions.

Direct access to 2-amino-5-azidomethylfurans through palladium-catalyzed azidative cycloisomerization of homoallenyl amides

A room temperature Pd-catalyzed azidative cycloisomerization of homoallenyl amides using TMSN₃ as the azidation reagent and PhI(O₂CCF₃)₂ as the oxidant is described, producing various 2-amino-5-azidomethylfurans in moderate to excellent yields.

Divergent Synthesis of 2-Aminofurans via Palladium-Catalyzed Acetoxylative, Alkoxylative, and Hydroxylative Cycloisomerization of Homoallenyl Amides

A fine-tunable transformation, including Pd-catalyzed acetoxylative, alkoxylative, and hydroxylative cycloisomerization of homoallenyl amides, has been realized with hypervalent iodine organic compounds as the oxidants, giving polysubstituted 2-aminofurans in promising yields at room temperature. The selective formation of three different types of products from the same starting materials makes this reaction particularly attractive and useful for organic synthesis.

Selective synthesis of 2,5-disubstituted furan-3-carboxylates and the isomeric 2,4-disubstituted furan-3-carboxylates

Regioselective formation of 2,5-disubstituted furan-3-carboxylates and the isomeric 2,4-disubstituted furan-3-carboxylates from the same substrates was realized under different reaction condition.

Gold-catalyzed C(sp3)-H/C(sp)H coupling/cyclization/oxidative alkynylation sequence: a powerful strategy for the synthesis of 3-alkynyl polysubstituted furans

In sharp contrast to the gold-catalyzed reactions of alkynes/allenes with nucleophiles, gold-catalyzed oxidative cross-couplings and especially C-H/C-H cross-coupling have been under represented. By taking advantage of the unique redox property and carbophilic π acidity of gold, this work realizes the first gold-catalyzed direct C(sp(3))-H alkynylation of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with terminal alkynes under mild reaction conditions, with subsequent cyclization and in situ oxidative alkynylation. A variety of terminal alkynes including aryl, heteroaryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkyl, and cyclopropyl alkynes all successfully participate in the domino reaction. The protocol offers a simple and region-defined approach to 3-alkynyl polysubstituted furans.

DABCO-catalyzed synthesis of trifluoromethylated furans from propargyl alcohols and methyl 2-perfluoroalkynoate

The DABCO-catalyzed reaction of propargyl alcohols with methyl 2-perfluoroalkynoate to give trifluoromethylated furans in up to 98% yield under mild conditions has been developed. The established allene-enol and control experiments indicate that the reaction should proceed through a Michael addition and Claisen rearrangement/cyclization process.

A metal-free synthesis of diaryl-1,2-diketones by C–C triple bond cleavage of alkynones

A novel and environmentally benign protocol for diaryl-1,2-diketones was developed.

A multi-pronged mechanistic study of the phosphine-mediated conjugate addition of an alcohol to an acetylenic ester

The conjugate addition of an alcohol to a butynoate ester using an organophosphine catalyst was monitored using pressurized sample infusion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (PSI-ESI-MS), together with ³¹P and ¹H NMR spectroscopy.

Metal-catalyzed cascade rearrangements of 3-alkynyl flavone ethers

Metal-mediated rearrangements of 3-alkynyl flavone ethers are reported. The overall process involves 5-endo enyne cyclization to a platinum-containing spiro-oxocarbenium intermediate which may be trapped with methanol to produce spirodihydrofurans or further rearranged to afford either allenyl chromanediones or benzofuranones.