1
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Jaiswal MK, Yadav MS, Singh M, Garai S, Tiwari VK. Silicomolybdic Acid Cluster as Biocompatible Catalyst for One-Pot Tandem Synthesis of Orthogonally Protected Glycosides. J Org Chem 2024; 89:10698-10708. [PMID: 39036827 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
The present paper describes a new and practical approach for the one-pot preparation of O-isopropylidene derivatives and also orthogonally protected S- and O-glycosides from the corresponding unprotected saccharides by employing 2 mol % of a silicomolybdic acid (SMA) cluster as a versatile and biocompatible catalyst. The present protocol is applicable to two-step one-pot tandem transformations, which include the O-isopropylidation, spiroketal functionalization, 4,6-O-arylidene acetalations, and arylidene acetylation processes under relatively mild reaction conditions. One-pot sequential transformations, low catalyst loading, rapid transformation, high to excellent reaction yields, mild reaction conditions, and a nontoxic biocompatible workup procedure are the notable advantages of devised protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Jaiswal
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Mangal S Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Mayank Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Somenath Garai
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Vinod K Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
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2
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Lv J, Liu CY, Guo YF, Feng GJ, Dong H. SnCl2‐catalyzed acetalation/selective‐benzoylation sequence for the synthesis of orthogonally protected glycosyl acceptors. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lv
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology - Main Campus: Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Chun-Yang Liu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology - Main Campus: Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Yang-Fan Guo
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology - Main Campus: Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Guang-Jing Feng
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology - Main Campus: Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Hai Dong
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology - Main Campus: Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Luoyu Road 1037 430074 Wuhan CHINA
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3
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Chen JS, Huang PH, Hsieh YC, Luo SY, Liu JW, Hsu HL, Zhang KM, Wu RT, Chang TS, Liu YH, Wu HR. Trimethylsilyl Esters as Novel Dual-Purpose Protecting Reagents. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1654-2211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTrimethylsilyl esters, AcOTMS, BzOTMS, TCAOTMS, etc., are inexpensive and chemically stable reagents that pose a negligible environmental hazard. Such compounds prove to serve as efficient dual-purpose reagents to respectively achieve acylation and trimethylsilylation of alcohols under acidic or basic conditions. Herein, a detailed study on protection of various substrates and new methodological investigations is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyun-Siao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University
| | - Ya-Chi Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University
| | - Shun-Yuan Luo
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University
| | - Jen-Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University
| | - Hsiao-Lin Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University
| | - Kai-Min Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University
| | - Ren-Tsung Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes
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4
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Carlier M, Lesur E, Baron A, Lemétais A, Guitot K, Roupnel L, Dietrich C, Doisneau G, Urban D, Bayan N, Beau JM, Guianvarc'h D, Vauzeilles B, Bourdreux Y. Synthesis of chemical tools to label the mycomembrane of corynebacteria using a modified Iron (III) chloride-mediated protection of trehalose. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:1974-1981. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00107a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Trehalose-based probes are useful tools allowing the detection of the mycomembrane of Mycobacteria through the metabolic labeling approach. Some of them are trehalose analogues conjugated to fluorescent probes and others...
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5
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Mishra VN, Mandal PK. One-pot iterative glycosylations toward a tetrasaccharide related to the O-specific polysaccharide from Escherichia coli O132. J Carbohydr Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2021.1928153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Nath Mishra
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Pintu Kumar Mandal
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Chemical Sciences Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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6
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Shang W, Zhu C, Peng F, Pan Z, Ding Y, Xia C. Nitrogen-Centered Radical-Mediated Cascade Amidoglycosylation of Glycals. Org Lett 2021; 23:1222-1227. [PMID: 33560134 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A nitrogen-centered radical-mediated strategy for preparing 1,2-trans-2-amino-2-deoxyglycosides in one step was established. The cascade amidoglycosylation was initiated by a benzenesulfonimide radical generated from NFSI under the catalytic reduction of TEMPO. The benzenesulfonimide radical was electrophilically added to the glycals, and then the resulting glycosidic radical was converted to oxocarbenium upon oxidation by TEMPO+, which enabled the following anomeric specific glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Shang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Chunyu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Fengyuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Zhiqiang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Yuzhen Ding
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Chengfeng Xia
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
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7
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Sangwan R, Khanam A, Mandal PK. An Overview on the Chemical
N
‐Functionalization of Sugars and Formation of
N
‐Glycosides. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Sangwan
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division CSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute Sector 10, Jankipuram extn., Sitapur Road 226 031 Lucknow India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) 201002 Ghaziabad India
| | - Ariza Khanam
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division CSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute Sector 10, Jankipuram extn., Sitapur Road 226 031 Lucknow India
| | - Pintu Kumar Mandal
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division CSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute Sector 10, Jankipuram extn., Sitapur Road 226 031 Lucknow India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) 201002 Ghaziabad India
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8
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Chen J, Pantawane AR, Huang P, Liu J, Sankar A, Lin Y, Liu Y, Wu H, Luo S. One‐Pot Protection Strategy of Glucosamine to Assemble Building Blocks of Chitosan and Lipid A. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jyun‐Siao Chen
- Department of Chemistry National Chung Hsing University 402 Taichung Taiwan
| | | | - Po‐Hsun Huang
- Department of Chemistry National Chung Hsing University 402 Taichung Taiwan
| | - Jen‐Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry National Chung Hsing University 402 Taichung Taiwan
| | - Arumugam Sankar
- Department of Chemistry National Chung Hsing University 402 Taichung Taiwan
| | - Yi‐Jyun Lin
- Department of Chemistry National Chung Hsing University 402 Taichung Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Hao Liu
- National Chutung Senior High School 310 Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Hsin‐Ru Wu
- Instrumentation Center, MOST National Tsing Hua University 300 Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Shun‐Yuan Luo
- Department of Chemistry National Chung Hsing University 402 Taichung Taiwan
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9
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Cristófalo AE, Nieto PM, Uhrig ML. Synthesis of (1→3) Thiodisaccharides of GlcNAc and the Serendipitous Formation of 2,3-Dideoxy-(1→2)-thiodisaccharides through a Vinyl Azide Intermediate. J Org Chem 2019; 85:306-317. [PMID: 31802661 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses of β-S-GlcA(1→3)GlcNAc and β-S-Gal(1→3)GlcNAc thiodisaccharides, which can be considered mimetics of the repeating units of hyaluronan and keratan respectively, were achieved by SN2 displacement of a triflate group allocated at the 3-position of a convenient 2-azido-4,6-O-benzylidene-2-deoxy-β-d-allopyranose precursor by the corresponding nucleophilic suitable protected thioaldoses derived from glucuronic acid (GlcA) and galactose (Gal). The study of the reaction led to the finding that the vinyl azide formed by competitive E2 reaction of the mentioned triflate was an interesting precursor of a new kind of 2,3-dideoxy-2-azido-(1→2) thiodisaccharides through an addition reaction. Determination of the stereochemistry of the new stereocenter at C-2 was achieved by NOESY experiments. Final protecting group manipulation of the (1→3) thiodisaccharides led to a family of derivatives that could be used as building blocks for the synthesis of complex glycomimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Ezequiel Cristófalo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Ciudad Universitaria , Pabellón 2, C1428EGA Buenos Aires , Argentina.,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR) , C1428EGA Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Pedro M Nieto
- Glycosystems Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), cicCartuja , CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla , 41092 Sevilla , España
| | - María Laura Uhrig
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Ciudad Universitaria , Pabellón 2, C1428EGA Buenos Aires , Argentina.,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR) , C1428EGA Buenos Aires , Argentina
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10
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Huo Z, Ding D, Zhang Y, Lei N, Gu G, Gao J, Guo Z, Cai F. Carbohydrate O-benzylation through trialkylsilane-mediated reductive etherification. J Carbohydr Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2018.1493116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenni Huo
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dahai Ding
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Na Lei
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guofeng Gu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jian Gao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Feng Cai
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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11
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Kulkarni SS, Wang CC, Sabbavarapu NM, Podilapu AR, Liao PH, Hung SC. "One-Pot" Protection, Glycosylation, and Protection-Glycosylation Strategies of Carbohydrates. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8025-8104. [PMID: 29870239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates, which are ubiquitously distributed throughout the three domains of life, play significant roles in a variety of vital biological processes. Access to unique and homogeneous carbohydrate materials is important to understand their physical properties, biological functions, and disease-related features. It is difficult to isolate carbohydrates in acceptable purity and amounts from natural sources. Therefore, complex saccharides with well-defined structures are often most conviently accessed through chemical syntheses. Two major hurdles, regioselective protection and stereoselective glycosylation, are faced by carbohydrate chemists in synthesizing these highly complicated molecules. Over the past few years, there has been a radical change in tackling these problems and speeding up the synthesis of oligosaccharides. This is largely due to the development of one-pot protection, one-pot glycosylation, and one-pot protection-glycosylation protocols and streamlined approaches to orthogonally protected building blocks, including those from rare sugars, that can be used in glycan coupling. In addition, new automated strategies for oligosaccharide syntheses have been reported not only for program-controlled assembly on solid support but also by the stepwise glycosylation in solution phase. As a result, various sugar molecules with highly complex, large structures could be successfully synthesized. To summarize these recent advances, this review describes the methodologies for one-pot protection and their one-pot glycosylation into the complex glycans and the chronological developments associated with automated syntheses of oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvarn S Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai 400076 , India
| | | | | | - Ananda Rao Podilapu
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai 400076 , India
| | - Pin-Hsuan Liao
- Institute of Chemistry , Academia Sinica , Taipei 115 , Taiwan
| | - Shang-Cheng Hung
- Genomics Research Center , Academia Sinica , Taipei 115 , Taiwan
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12
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Gouasmat A, Lemétais A, Solles J, Bourdreux Y, Beau JM. Catalytic Iron(III) Chloride Mediated Site-Selective Protection of Mono- and Disaccharides and One Trisaccharide. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Gouasmat
- Laboratoire de Synthèse de Biomolécules; Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay; Univ. Paris-Sud; CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay; 91405 Orsay France
| | - Aurélie Lemétais
- Laboratoire de Synthèse de Biomolécules; Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay; Univ. Paris-Sud; CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay; 91405 Orsay France
| | - Julien Solles
- Laboratoire de Synthèse de Biomolécules; Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay; Univ. Paris-Sud; CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay; 91405 Orsay France
| | - Yann Bourdreux
- Laboratoire de Synthèse de Biomolécules; Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay; Univ. Paris-Sud; CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay; 91405 Orsay France
| | - Jean-Marie Beau
- Laboratoire de Synthèse de Biomolécules; Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay; Univ. Paris-Sud; CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay; 91405 Orsay France
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR2301; Univ. Paris-Sud; 1 av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
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13
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Highly regioselective homoallyl alcohol protection through ring opening of p-methoxybenzylidene acetal. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305 California, United States
| | - Robert M. Waymouth
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305 California, United States
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16
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Marković D, Tchawou WA, Novosjolova I, Laclef S, Stepanovs D, Turks M, Vogel P. Synthesis and Applications of Silyl 2-Methylprop-2-ene-1-sulfinates in Preparative Silylation and GC-Derivatization Reactions of Polyols and Carbohydrates. Chemistry 2016; 22:4196-205. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dean Marković
- Laboratoire de glycochimie et de synthèse asymétrique; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology of Lausanne (EPFL); Lausanne 1015 Switzerland), Fax: (+41) 21-693-93-55
- Chemistry Department; University of Osijek; Osijek Ulica cara Hadrijana 8A Croatia 31000
- Department of Biotechnology; University of Rijeka; Radmile Matejčić 2 51000 Rijeka Croatia
| | - Wandji Augustin Tchawou
- Laboratoire de glycochimie et de synthèse asymétrique; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology of Lausanne (EPFL); Lausanne 1015 Switzerland), Fax: (+41) 21-693-93-55
| | - Irina Novosjolova
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry; Riga Technical University; P. Valdena Str. 3 Riga 1007 Latvia
| | - Sylvain Laclef
- Laboratoire de glycochimie et de synthèse asymétrique; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology of Lausanne (EPFL); Lausanne 1015 Switzerland), Fax: (+41) 21-693-93-55
| | - Dmitrijs Stepanovs
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry; Riga Technical University; P. Valdena Str. 3 Riga 1007 Latvia
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis; Aizkraukles Str. 21 Riga 1006 Latvia
| | - Māris Turks
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry; Riga Technical University; P. Valdena Str. 3 Riga 1007 Latvia
| | - Pierre Vogel
- Laboratoire de glycochimie et de synthèse asymétrique; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology of Lausanne (EPFL); Lausanne 1015 Switzerland), Fax: (+41) 21-693-93-55
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17
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Patil PS, Cheng TJR, Zulueta MML, Yang ST, Lico LS, Hung SC. Total synthesis of tetraacylated phosphatidylinositol hexamannoside and evaluation of its immunomodulatory activity. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7239. [PMID: 26037164 PMCID: PMC4468851 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis, aggravated by drug-resistant strains and HIV co-infection of the causative agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a global problem that affects millions of people. With essential immunoregulatory roles, phosphatidylinositol mannosides are among the cell-envelope components critical to the pathogenesis and survival of M. tuberculosis inside its host. Here we report the first synthesis of the highly complex tetraacylated phosphatidylinositol hexamannoside (Ac2PIM6), having stearic and tuberculostearic acids as lipid components. Our effort makes use of stereoelectronic and steric effects to control the regioselective and stereoselective outcomes and minimize the synthetic steps, particularly in the key desymmetrization and functionalization of myo-inositol. A short synthesis of tuberculostearic acid in six steps from the Roche ester is also described. Mice exposed to the synthesized Ac2PIM6 exhibit increased production of interleukin-4 and interferon-γ, and the corresponding adjuvant effect is shown by the induction of ovalbumin- and tetanus toxoid-specific antibodies. Phosphatidylinositol mannosides are cell envelope components vital for the survival of M. tuberculosis. Here, the authors report an elegant and convergent total synthesis of the complex glycolipid tetraacylated phosphatidylinositol hexamannoside (Ac2PIM6) and study the immunological effects in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratap S Patil
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Jen Rachel Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Medel Manuel L Zulueta
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ting Yang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Larry S Lico
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Cheng Hung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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Ramawat KG, Mérillon JM. Major Advances in the Development of Synthetic Oligosaccharide-Based Vaccines. POLYSACCHARIDES 2015. [PMCID: PMC7123674 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-16298-0_65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of their involvement in a variety of different biological processes and their occurrence onto pathogens and malignant cell surface, carbohydrates have been identified as ideal candidates for vaccine formulation. However, as free oligosaccharides are poorly immunogenic and do not induce immunological memory in the most at risk population (infants and young children, elderly and immunocompromised patients), glycoconjugate vaccines containing the same carbohydrate antigen covalently linked to an immunogenic carrier protein have gained a prominent role. Accordingly, a number of glycoconjugate vaccines mostly directed against infections caused by bacterial pathogens have been licensed and are currently available on the market. However, also glycoconjugate vaccines suffer from significant drawbacks. The challenging procedures required for the isolation and purification of the carbohydrate antigen from its natural source often lead to poor homogeneity and presence of biological contaminants, resulting in batch-to-batch variability. Moreover, in some cases, the overwhelming immunogenicity of the carrier protein may induce the carbohydrate epitope suppression, causing hyporesponsiveness. The development of synthetic oligosaccharide-based vaccine candidates, characterized by the presence of pure and well-defined synthetic oligosaccharide structures, is expected to meet the requirement of homogeneous and highly reproducible preparations. In the present chapter, we report on the major advances in the development of synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccines. First of all, we describe different strategies developed during the last years to circumvent the inherent difficulties of classical oligosaccharide synthesis, such as the one-pot glycosylation and the solid-phase synthesis, and their application to the preparation of carbohydrate antigens apt to conjugation with protein carriers. Next, we discuss the most representative methodologies employed for the chemical ligation of oligosaccharide structures to proteins. Finally, in the last section, we report significant examples of fully synthetic vaccines exploiting the multivalency effect. These constructs are based on the concept that the conjugation of multiple copies of synthetic oligosaccharide antigens to multivalent scaffolds, such as dendrimers, (cyclo)peptides, gold nanoparticles, and calixarenes, raises cooperative interactions between carbohydrates and immune receptors, leading to strong enhancement of the saccharide antigen immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-Michel Mérillon
- Groupe d’Etude des Substances Végétales à Activité Biologique, Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Villenave d'Ornon, France
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Joseph AA, Dhurandhare VM, Chang CW, Verma VP, Mishra GP, Ku CC, Lin CC, Wang CC. Chemoselective per-O-trimethylsilylation and homogeneous N-functionalisation of amino sugars. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:104-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc06645f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
HomogeneousN-functionalisation of amino sugars can be achievedviaefficient CH3CN-promoted hexamethyldisilazane per-O-trimethylsilylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Abragam Joseph
- Institute of Chemistry
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei 115
- Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Vijay M. Dhurandhare
- Institute of Chemistry
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei 115
- Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program
| | - Chun-Wei Chang
- Institute of Chemistry
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei 115
- Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program
| | | | | | - Chiao-Chu Ku
- Institute of Chemistry
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei 115
- Taiwan
| | - Chun-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu 300
- Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chung Wang
- Institute of Chemistry
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei 115
- Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program
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20
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Huang TY, Zulueta MML, Hung SC. Regioselective one-pot protection, protection-glycosylation and protection-glycosylation-glycosylation of carbohydrates: a case study with D-glucose. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:376-82. [PMID: 24263464 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42097c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Well-defined oligosaccharides are important requirements in evaluating structure-activity relationships to decipher the roles of carbohydrates in various physiological processes. These oligosaccharides are accessed mainly through chemical synthesis, which nonetheless remains a huge undertaking despite the many advances in recent years. A combinatorial and regioselective one-pot protection strategy was previously disclosed by us to reduce the effort and wastes associated with carbohydrate synthesis. With the tetra-trimethylsilylated 4-methylphenyl thioglucoside as the starting material, we herein show the one-pot preparations of diols, triols and fully protected derivatives of thioglucosides, and, more importantly, we generated building blocks in situ that effectively acted as glycosyl donors and glycosyl acceptors for further coupling with other monosaccharide building blocks. Our one-pot protection-glycosylation and protection-glycosylation-glycosylation approaches made use of the perceived reactivity differences between thioglycoside donors to conveniently supply disaccharide and trisaccharide skeletons as well as the backbone of a recently discovered compatible solute from two thermophilic bacteria of the Petrotoga species. The demonstrated protocol is another step in reducing the enormous work in carbohydrate synthesis and efficiently delivering sugar constructs for application in other areas of glycobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Yi Huang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
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21
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Ko YC, Tsai CF, Wang CC, Dhurandhare VM, Hu PL, Su TY, Lico LS, Zulueta MML, Hung SC. Microwave-assisted one-pot synthesis of 1,6-anhydrosugars and orthogonally protected thioglycosides. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:14425-31. [PMID: 25291402 DOI: 10.1021/ja504804v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Living organisms employ glycans as recognition elements because of their large structural information density. Well-defined sugar structures are needed to fully understand and take advantage of glycan functions, but sufficient quantities of these compounds cannot be readily obtained from natural sources and have to be synthesized. Among the bottlenecks in the chemical synthesis of complex glycans is the preparation of suitably protected monosaccharide building blocks. Thus, easy, rapid, and efficient methods for building-block acquisition are desirable. Herein, we describe routes directly starting from the free sugars toward notable monosaccharide derivatives through microwave-assisted one-pot synthesis. The procedure followed the in situ generation of per-O-trimethylsilylated monosaccharide intermediates, which provided 1,6-anhydrosugars or thioglycosides upon treatment with either trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate or trimethyl(4-methylphenylthio)silane and ZnI2, respectively, under microwave irradiation. We successfully extended the methodology to regioselective protecting group installation and manipulation toward a number of thioglucosides and the glycosylation of persilylated derivatives, all of which were conducted in a single vessel. These developed approaches open the possibility for generating arrays of suitably protected building blocks for oligosaccharide assembly in a short period with minimal number of purification stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chun Ko
- Genomics Research Center, ‡Institute of Chemistry, and §Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica , 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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22
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Mukherjee C, Liu L, Pohl NLB. Regioselective Benzylation of 2-Deoxy-2-Aminosugars Using Crown Ethers: Application to a Shortened Synthesis of Hyaluronic Acid Oligomers. Adv Synth Catal 2014; 356:2247-2256. [PMID: 25419207 PMCID: PMC4235972 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The combination of benzyl bromide, sodium hydroxide and 15-crown-5 in tetrahydrofuran is shown to be an efficient method for installing benzyl groups at both the 4- and 6-positions regioselectively directly from peracetylated N-trichloroacetyl-protected glucosamine and galactosamine. Application of this benzylation strategy proved to significantly shorten the synthetic route to hyaluronic acid tetra- and hexamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmoy Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Hall, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7003, USA
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Hach Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111, USA
| | - Nicola L B Pohl
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Hall, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7003, USA
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23
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Ali SP, Jalsa NK. Order of Reactivity of OH/NH Groups of Glucosamine Hydrochloride and N-Acetyl Glucosamine Toward Benzylation Using NaH/BnBr in DMF. J Carbohydr Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2014.907907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stacy P. Ali
- Department of Chemistry, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Nigel Kevin Jalsa
- Department of Chemistry, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
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24
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Hsieh HW, Schombs MW, Gervay-Hague J. Integrating ReSET with glycosyl iodide glycosylation in step-economy syntheses of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens and immunogenic glycolipids. J Org Chem 2014; 79:1736-48. [PMID: 24490844 PMCID: PMC3985971 DOI: 10.1021/jo402736g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates mediate a wide range of biological processes, and understanding these events and how they might be influenced is a complex undertaking that requires access to pure glycoconjugates. The isolation of sufficient quantities of carbohydrates and glycolipids from biological samples remains a significant challenge that has redirected efforts toward chemical synthesis. However, progress toward complex glycoconjugate total synthesis has been slowed by the need for multiple protection and deprotection steps owing to the large number of similarly reactive hydroxyls in carbohydrates. Two methodologies, regioselective silyl exchange technology (ReSET) and glycosyl iodide glycosylation have now been integrated to streamline the synthesis of the globo series trisaccharides (globotriaose and isoglobotriaose) and α-lactosylceramide (α-LacCer). These glycoconjugates include tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) and immunostimulatory glycolipids that hold promise as immunotherapeutics. Beyond the utility of the step-economy syntheses afforded by this synthetic platform, the studies also reveal a unique electronic interplay between acetate and silyl ether protecting groups. Incorporation of acetates proximal to silyl ethers attenuates their reactivity while reducing undesirable side reactions. This phenomenon can be used to fine-tune the reactivity of silylated/acetylated sugar building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Wu Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, University
of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Matthew W. Schombs
- Department of Chemistry, University
of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Jacquelyn Gervay-Hague
- Department of Chemistry, University
of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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25
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Major Advances in the Development of Synthetic Oligosaccharide-Based Vaccines. POLYSACCHARIDES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-03751-6_65-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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26
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Abstract
MECA-79 antigen is a sulfated mucin type core-1 extended O-glycan which is a potential anti-inflammatory agent. Herein we report a total synthesis of MECA-79 via a convergent [2 + 2] glycosylation routethrough the intermediacy of Tn and TF antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Madhu Emmadi
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay
- Mumbai, India
| | - Suvarn S. Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay
- Mumbai, India
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27
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Emmadi M, Kulkarni SS. Synthesis of orthogonally protected bacterial, rare-sugar and D-glycosamine building blocks. Nat Protoc 2013; 8:1870-89. [DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2013.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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28
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Regioselective 6-detrimethylsilylation of per-O-TMS-protected carbohydrates in the presence of ammonium acetate. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Patil PS, Lee CC, Huang YW, Zulueta MML, Hung SC. Regioselective and stereoselective benzylidene installation and one-pot protection of d-mannose. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:2605-12. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40079d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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30
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Hu YP, Zhong YQ, Chen ZG, Chen CY, Shi Z, Zulueta MML, Ku CC, Lee PY, Wang CC, Hung SC. Divergent synthesis of 48 heparan sulfate-based disaccharides and probing the specific sugar-fibroblast growth factor-1 interaction. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:20722-7. [PMID: 23240683 DOI: 10.1021/ja3090065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Several biological processes involve glycans, yet understanding their ligand specificities is impeded by their inherent diversity and difficult acquisition. Generating broad synthetic sugar libraries for bioevaluations is a powerful tool in unraveling glycan structural information. In the case of the widely distributed heparan sulfate (HS), however, the 48 theoretical possibilities for its repeating disaccharide call for synthetic approaches that should minimize the effort in an undoubtedly huge undertaking. Here we employed a divergent strategy to afford all 48 HS-based disaccharides from just two orthogonally protected disaccharide precursors. Different combinations and sequence of transformation steps were applied with many downstream intermediates leading up to multiple target products. With the full disaccharide library in hand, affinity screening with fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1) revealed that four of the synthetic sugars bind to FGF-1. The molecular details of the interaction were further clarified through X-ray analysis of the sugar-protein cocrystals. The capability of comprehensive sugar libraries in providing key insights in glycan-ligand interaction is, thus, highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Peng Hu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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31
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32
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Enugala R, Carvalho LCR, Dias Pires MJ, Marques MMB. Stereoselective Glycosylation of Glucosamine: The Role of the
N
‐Protecting Group. Chem Asian J 2012; 7:2482-501. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201200338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramu Enugala
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica 2829‐516 Caparica (Portugal), Fax: (+351) 21‐294‐8550
| | - Luísa C. R. Carvalho
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica 2829‐516 Caparica (Portugal), Fax: (+351) 21‐294‐8550
| | - Marina J. Dias Pires
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica 2829‐516 Caparica (Portugal), Fax: (+351) 21‐294‐8550
| | - M. Manuel B. Marques
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica 2829‐516 Caparica (Portugal), Fax: (+351) 21‐294‐8550
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33
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Zulueta MML, Lin SY, Lin YT, Huang CJ, Wang CC, Ku CC, Shi Z, Chyan CL, Irene D, Lim LH, Tsai TI, Hu YP, Arco SD, Wong CH, Hung SC. α-Glycosylation by d-Glucosamine-Derived Donors: Synthesis of Heparosan and Heparin Analogues That Interact with Mycobacterial Heparin-Binding Hemagglutinin. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:8988-95. [DOI: 10.1021/ja302640p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Medel Manuel L. Zulueta
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City
1101, Philippines
| | - Shu-Yi Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Lin
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Jui Huang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chih Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Chu Ku
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Zhonghao Shi
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Chyan
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Sec. 2, Ta-Hsueh
Road, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - Deli Irene
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Sec. 2, Ta-Hsueh
Road, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Hin Lim
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Sec. 2, Ta-Hsueh
Road, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-I Tsai
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Peng Hu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Susan D. Arco
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City
1101, Philippines
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Cheng Hung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, No. 1001, Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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34
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Hsu Y, Lu XA, Zulueta MML, Tsai CM, Lin KI, Hung SC, Wong CH. Acyl and Silyl Group Effects in Reactivity-Based One-Pot Glycosylation: Synthesis of Embryonic Stem Cell Surface Carbohydrates Lc4 and IV2Fuc-Lc4. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:4549-52. [DOI: 10.1021/ja300284x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hsu
- Genomics Research
Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2,
Academia Road, Taipei
115, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu
Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Xin-An Lu
- Genomics Research
Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2,
Academia Road, Taipei
115, Taiwan
| | - Medel Manuel L. Zulueta
- Genomics Research
Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2,
Academia Road, Taipei
115, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Tsai
- Genomics Research
Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2,
Academia Road, Taipei
115, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-I Lin
- Genomics Research
Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2,
Academia Road, Taipei
115, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Cheng Hung
- Genomics Research
Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2,
Academia Road, Taipei
115, Taiwan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001, Ta-Hsueh Road,
Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Genomics Research
Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2,
Academia Road, Taipei
115, Taiwan
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35
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Tatina M, Yousuf SK, Mukherjee D. 2,4,6-Trichloro-1,3,5-triazine (TCT) mediated one-pot sequential functionalisation of glycosides for the generation of orthogonally protected monosaccharide building blocks. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:5357-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25452b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Hung SC, Lu XA, Lee JC, Chang MDT, Fang SL, Fan TC, Zulueta MML, Zhong YQ. Synthesis of heparin oligosaccharides and their interaction with eosinophil-derived neurotoxin. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 10:760-72. [PMID: 22143347 DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06415k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A convenient route for the synthesis of heparin oligosaccharides involving regioselective protection of D-glucosamine and a concise preparation of rare L-ido sugars from diacetone α-D-glucose is described. Stereoselective coupling of a D-glucosamine-derived trichloroacetimidate with a 1,6-anhydro-β-L-idopyranosyl 4-alcohol gave the desired α-linked disaccharide, which was used as repeating unit for dual chain elongation and termination. Stepwise assembly from the reducing to the non-reducing end with a D-glucosamine-derived monosaccharide as starting unit furnished the oligosaccharide skeletons having different chain lengths. A series of functional group transformations afforded the expected heparin oligosaccharides with 3, 5 and 7 sugar units. Interaction of these oligosaccharides with eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN), a cationic ribonuclease and a mediator produced by human eosinophils, was further investigated. The results revealed that at 5 μg mL(-1), the heptasaccharide has sufficiently strong interference to block EDN binding to Beas-2B cells. The tri- and pentasaccharides have moderate inhibitory properties at 50 μg mL(-1) concentration, but no inhibition has been observed at 10 μg mL(-1). The IC(50) values of the tri-, penta- and heptasaccharides are 69.4, 47.2 and 0.225 μg mL(-1), respectively.
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37
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Joseph AA, Verma VP, Liu XY, Wu CH, Dhurandhare VM, Wang CC. TMSOTf-Catalyzed Silylation: Streamlined Regioselective One-Pot Protection and Acetylation of Carbohydrates. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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38
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Hsu CH, Hung SC, Wu CY, Wong CH. Toward automated oligosaccharide synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:11872-923. [PMID: 22127846 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201100125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates have been shown to play important roles in biological processes. The pace of development in carbohydrate research is, however, relatively slow due to the problems associated with the complexity of carbohydrate structures and the lack of general synthetic methods and tools available for the study of this class of biomolecules. Recent advances in synthesis have demonstrated that many of these problems can be circumvented. In this Review, we describe the methods developed to tackle the problems of carbohydrate-mediated biological processes, with particular focus on the issue related to the development of the automated synthesis of oligosaccharides. Further applications of carbohydrate microarrays and vaccines to human diseases are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Hsiung Hsu
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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39
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Hsu CH, Hung SC, Wu CY, Wong CH. Auf dem Weg zur automatisierten Oligosaccharid- Synthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201100125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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40
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Tran AT, Jones RA, Pastor J, Boisson J, Smith N, Galan MC. Copper(II) Triflate: A Versatile Catalyst for the One-Pot Preparation of Orthogonally Protected Glycosides. Adv Synth Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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41
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Abstract
The first synthesis of maradolipid, a unique dissymmetrically 6,6'-di-O-acylated trehalose glycolipid isolated from C. elegans, is accomplished in five steps starting from trehalose in 45% overall yield. The short synthesis relies on dissymmetrization of trehalose core via regioselective acylation of a 2,3,4,2',3',4'-hexa-O-TMS trehalose 6,6'-diol derivative as a key step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram A Sarpe
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
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42
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Synthesis of 3-O-sulfonated heparan sulfate octasaccharides that inhibit the herpes simplex virus type 1 host-cell interaction. Nat Chem 2011; 3:557-63. [PMID: 21697878 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cell surface carbohydrates play significant roles in a number of biologically important processes. Heparan sulfate, for instance, is a ubiquitously distributed polysulfated polysaccharide that is involved, among other things, in the initial step of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection. The virus interacts with cell-surface heparan sulfate to facilitate host-cell attachment and entry. 3-O-Sulfonated heparan sulfate has been found to function as an HSV-1 entry receptor. Achieving a complete understanding of these interactions requires the chemical synthesis of such oligosaccharides, but this remains challenging. Here, we present a convenient approach for the synthesis of two irregular 3-O-sulfonated heparan sulfate octasaccharides, making use of a key disaccharide intermediate to acquire different building blocks for the oligosaccharide chain assembly. Despite substantial structural differences, the prepared 3-O-sulfonated sugars blocked viral infection in a dosage-dependent manner with remarkable similarity to one another.
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43
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Emmadi M, Kulkarni SS. Rapid transformation of D-mannose into orthogonally protected D-glucosamine and D-galactosamine thioglycosides. J Org Chem 2011; 76:4703-9. [PMID: 21510706 DOI: 10.1021/jo200342v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An expedient protocol for synthesis of orthogonally protected 2-azido-2-deoxy-D-glucosamine and 2-azido-2-deoxy-D-galactosamine donors from D-mannose is described. Readily available phenyl β-D-thiomannoside is rapidly transformed into D-GlcN(3) thioglycosides via a highly regioselective 3-O-acylation followed by 4,6-O-benzylidenation and azide displacement of C2-OTf, which is further converted into D-GalN(3) thioglycosides through Lattrell-Dax inversion of the C4 hydroxy group and its Boc protection. The reaction sequence may be completed in 2 days and involves simple workups and minimal column chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Emmadi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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44
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Huang TY, Zulueta MML, Hung SC. One-Pot Strategies for the Synthesis of the Tetrasaccharide Linkage Region of Proteoglycans. Org Lett 2011; 13:1506-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol200192d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Yi Huang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec.2 Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Sec. 2 Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Medel Manuel L. Zulueta
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec.2 Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Sec. 2 Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Cheng Hung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec.2 Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Sec. 2 Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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Galan MC, Benito-Alifonso D, Watt GM. Carbohydrate chemistry in drug discovery. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:3598-610. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob01017k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Lee IC, Zulueta MML, Shie CR, Arco SD, Hung SC. Deuterium-isotope study on the reductive ring opening of benzylidene acetals. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:7655-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06056b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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