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Si MK, Shigeta Y. Rational Design of Cyclopentadiene-Based Super- and Hyperacids Based on Aromaticity. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:7384-7395. [PMID: 39172702 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c03786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of neutral organic superacids have been of interest recently due to their vast applications in chemistry and material sciences, for example, olefinic polymerization, isolation of highly reactive short-lived cations, etc. Cyclopentadiene behaves as a mild organic acid, producing a stable conjugate base by gaining aromaticity and conjugation after deprotonation. To stabilize conjugate bases of organic acids to show superacidities and hyperacidities, we considered aromatic phenyl substituents with cyclopentadiene (mono-, di-, and triphenyl-substituted cyclopentadiene and their cyano derivatives). The MP2, DFT (B3LYP, M06-2X), and CBS-QB3 methods were used to calculate the gas-phase proton affinities of the parent cyclopentadiene, and the DFT methods were chosen for the substituted cyclopentadiene as they yield an experimental proton affinity of cyclopentadiene of 253.66 kcal/mol (Expt. 253.6 ± 1.3 kcal/mol). The stable trisubstituted cyclopentadiene derivative shows gas-phase enthalpies of deprotonation (ΔHacid) of 245 and 239 kcal/mol with DFT B3LYP and M06-2X methods, respectively, with values in the range of hyperacidity. Some of the tautomers of cyclopentadiene derivatives show hyperacidity, with proton affinity values of 205-240 kcal/mol. Triphenyl-substituted cyclopentadiene behaves as a moderate acid but transforms into a superacid after replacing the phenyl group with nitrobenzene, which is a stronger acid than H2SO4 (ΔHacid = 298 kcal/mol). The nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) shows the extent of conjugation in the derivatives of cyclopentadienyl anions after deprotonation, which affects the stabilities of conjugate bases, i.e., the acidities of the protonated species. The calculated harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity and NICS indices reveal that the stability of conjugate bases as well as their acidities increase with increasing aromaticity of cyclopentadiene rings after deprotonation in all molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal Kanti Si
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Shigeta
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
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Kütt A. Step-by-Step Replacement of Cyano Groups by Tricyanovinyls-The Influence on the Acidity. Molecules 2023; 28:8157. [PMID: 38138645 PMCID: PMC10745934 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Acid-base properties are the simplest expression of compounds' coordinating ability. In the present work, we studied in silico how the gas-phase Brønsted acidity (GA) of several polycyano-substituted compounds change when cyano (CN) groups are replaced by 1,2,2-tricyanovinyl (TCNV) groups in (iso)cyanic acid, dicyanoamine, cyanoform, and hydrogen tetracyanoborate. Different tautomers and conformers/isomers are included in this study. Gas-phase acidity values are compared with the acidities of various acids, including percyanated protonated monocarba-closo-dodecaborate (carborane acid) and dodecaborate, as well as hydrogen cyanide and 1,2,2-tricyanoethene. An estimation of acetonitrile (MeCN), dimethylsufoxide (DMSO), and 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) acidities is presented using the COSMO-RS method and correlation analysis. The strongest acid with four TCNV groups shows remarkable acidic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Kütt
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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Valadbeigi Y, Gal JF. Organometallic superacids and hyperacids: Acidity enhancement by internal bonding with a strong electron-pair acceptor group BX2. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.138207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Valadbeigi Y. Acidity enhancement of sulfonic acid derivatives by hydrogen bond networks. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2020.113054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Horak E, Babić D, Vianello R, Perin N, Hranjec M, Steinberg IM. Photophysical properties and immobilisation of fluorescent pH responsive aminated benzimidazo[1,2-a]quinoline-6-carbonitriles. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 227:117588. [PMID: 31703991 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a systematic evaluation of 2-amino, 5-amino and 2,5-diamino substituted benzimidazo[1,2-a]quinoline-6-carbonitriles as novel pH probes with a potential application in pH sensing materials or as H+ fluoroionophores in bulk optode membranes. The study was carried out by varying the length, type and position of amino substituents in ten fluorescent dyes with the same benzimidazo[1,2-a]quinoline-6-carbonitrile core. The photophysical and acid-base properties of the dyes were investigated by the UV/Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies, and interpreted by the electronic structure DFT calculations. pH sensing mechanisms and structure-property relations affecting the fluorescence response were discussed through a detailed analysis of the piperidine substituted derivatives 1-4. Push-pull donor-acceptor interactions stimulate strong fluorescence in the visible spectral range (up to Φ = 0.65 for 7) and induce significant changes in the photophysical properties associated with the acid-base equilibria (up to a 50-fold increase in the fluorescence intensity). pKa values in aqueous and mixed solutions (v/v H2O:EtOH 99:1, 50:50), appear suitable for monitoring acidic pH in solution. The most promising candidates were immobilised in thin polymer matrices by the spin coating technique to form fluorescent sensing materials - optodes, and examined as novel pH-sensitive fluoroionophores. In the liquid membrane environment, dyes exhibited significant increase of the apparent pKas by almost 4 units. Bright and blue emissive thin films showed pH response and dynamic range around pKa = 5, making them suitable for a wide range of optical sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ema Horak
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Darko Babić
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Robert Vianello
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Nataša Perin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijana Hranjec
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Murković Steinberg
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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Saeidian H. Design of organic superacids based on triflic and perchloric acid by using DFT-B3LYP calculations. Struct Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-019-01444-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Kulsha AV, Sharapa DI. Superhalogen and Superacid. J Comput Chem 2019; 40:2293-2300. [PMID: 31254480 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A superhalogen F@C20 (CN)20 and a corresponding Brønsted superacid were designed and investigated on DFT and DLPNO-CCSD(T) levels of theory. Calculated compounds have outstanding electron affinity and deprotonation energy, respectively. We consider superacid H[F@C20 (CN)20 ] to be able to protonate molecular nitrogen. The stability of these structures is discussed, while some of the previous predictions concerning neutral Brønsted superacids of record strength are doubted. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Kulsha
- Lyceum of Belarusian State University, 8 Ulijanauskaja Str., Minsk, 220030, Belarus
| | - Dmitry I Sharapa
- Chair of Theoretical Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, D-76344, Germany
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8
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Borane and beryllium derivatives of sulfuric and phosphoric acids: Strong inorganic acids. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2019.112550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Valadbeigi Y, Vianello R. A density functional theory study on the superacidity of sulfuric, fluorosulfuric, and triflic acid derivatives with two cyclopentadiene rings: ion pairs formation in the gas phase. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Younes Valadbeigi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceImam Khomeini International University Qazvin Iran
| | - Robert Vianello
- Computational Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Group, Division of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryRuđer Bošković Institute Zagreb Croatia
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Saeidian H, Mashhadian S, Mirjafary Z, Rouhani M. Gas phase acidities of organic nitric acid derivatives: New opportunities in superacid chemistry. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Valadbeigi Y, Kurtén T. Clustering of H2SO4 with BX3 (X = H, F, Cl, Br, CN, OH) compounds creates strong acids and superacids. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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12
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Shams B, Saeidian H. Design of the novel neutral organic superacids by comprehensive DFT study on organic fluorosulfuric acids. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Valadbeigi Y. Organometallic acids with azaborine, oxaborine, azaborole and oxaborole scaffolds. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj05151h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Organoboron compounds were used in the design of organometallic acids exhibiting a wide acidity range from weak acids to superacids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes Valadbeigi
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Imam Khomeini International University
- Qazvin
- Iran
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Horak E, Vianello R, Hranjec M, Krištafor S, Zamola GK, Steinberg IM. Benzimidazole acrylonitriles as multifunctional push-pull chromophores: Spectral characterisation, protonation equilibria and nanoaggregation in aqueous solutions. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 178:225-233. [PMID: 28199927 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Heterocyclic donor-π-acceptor molecular systems based on an N,N-dimethylamino phenylacrylonitrile benzimidazole skeleton have been characterised and are proposed for potential use in sensing applications. The benzimidazole moiety introduces a broad spectrum of useful multifunctional properties to the system including electron accepting ability, pH sensitivity and compatibility with biomolecules. The photophysical characterisation of the prototropic forms of these chromophores has been carried out in both solution and on immobilisation in polymer films. The experimental results are further supported by computational determination of pKa values. It is noticed that compound 3 forms nanoaggregates in aqueous solutions with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) at 600nm. All the systems demonstrate spectral pH sensitivity in acidic media which shifts towards near-neutral values upon immobilisation in polymer films or upon aggregation in an aqueous environment (compound 3). The structure-property relationships of these functional chromophores, involving their spectral characteristics, acid-base equilibria, pKa values and aggregation effects have been determined. Potential applications of the molecules as pH and biomolecular sensors are proposed based on their pH sensitivity and AIE properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ema Horak
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, HR 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Robert Vianello
- Computational Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Group, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijana Hranjec
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, HR 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Svjetlana Krištafor
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, HR 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Grace Karminski Zamola
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, HR 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Murković Steinberg
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, HR 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Si MK, Ganguly B. A DFT study to design super- and hyperacids with 1-(cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-yl)-4-nitrobenzene and 3-(cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-ylmethylene)-6-methylenecyclohexa-1,4-diene molecules. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj03529a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
DFT calculations reveal that poly-cyano-substituted 1-(cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-yl)-4-nitrobenzene and 3-(cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-ylmethylene)-6-methylenecyclohexa-1,4-diene can function as super- to hyper-acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal Kanti Si
- Computation and Simulation Unit (Analytical Division and Centralized Instrument Facility)
- CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute
- Gujarat
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
| | - Bishwajit Ganguly
- Computation and Simulation Unit (Analytical Division and Centralized Instrument Facility)
- CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute
- Gujarat
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
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Hranjec M, Horak E, Babić D, Plavljanin S, Srdović Z, Steinberg IM, Vianello R, Perin N. Fluorescent benzimidazo[1,2-a]quinolines: synthesis, spectroscopic and computational studies of protonation equilibria and metal ion sensitivity. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj02268e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel benzimidazo[1,2-a]quinolines with promising pH and chemosensing properties are experimentally and computationally characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Hranjec
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- University of Zagreb
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Ema Horak
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- University of Zagreb
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Darko Babić
- Group for Computational Life Sciences
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Sanela Plavljanin
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- University of Zagreb
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Zrinka Srdović
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- University of Zagreb
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Ivana Murković Steinberg
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- University of Zagreb
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Robert Vianello
- Computational Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Group
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Nataša Perin
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- University of Zagreb
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
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Kögel JF, Linder T, Schröder FG, Sundermeyer J, Goll SK, Himmel D, Krossing I, Kütt K, Saame J, Leito I. Fluoro- and Perfluoralkylsulfonylpentafluoroanilides: Synthesis and Characterization of NH Acids for Weakly Coordinating Anions and Their Gas-Phase and Solution Acidities. Chemistry 2015; 21:5769-82. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Lipping L, Leito I, Koppel I, Krossing I, Himmel D, Koppel IA. Superacidity of closo-dodecaborate-based Brønsted acids: a DFT study. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:735-43. [PMID: 25513897 DOI: 10.1021/jp506485x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The structures and intrinsic gas-phase acidities (GA) of some dodecaborane acids, the derivatives of YB12H11H (Y = PF3, NH3, NF3, NMe3), B12H12H2, and B12H12H(-) (HA, H2A, and HA(-), respectively) have been computationally explored with DFT B3LYP method at the 6-311+G** level of theory as new possible directions of creating superstrong Brønsted acids. Depending on the nature and number of the substituents different protonation geometries were investigated. In general, the GA values of the neutral systems varied according to the substituents in the following order: CF3 < F < Cl and in case of anionic acids: CF3 < Cl < F. The dodecatrifluoromethyl derivative of H2A, B12(CF3)12H1H2, emerges as the strongest among the considered acids and is expected to be in the gas phase at least as strong as the undecatrifluoromethyl carborane, CB11(CF3)11H1H. The GA values of the respective monoanionic forms of the considered acids all, but the (CF3)11 derivative, remained higher than the widely used threshold of superacidity. The HA derivatives' (Y = PF3, NF3) GA's were approximately in the same range as the H2A acids'. In the case Y = NH3 or NMe3 the GA values were significantly higher. Also, the pKa values of B12H12H2, CB11H12H, and their perfluorinated derivatives in 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) were estimated with SMD and cluster-continuum model calculations. The obtained estimates of pKa values of the perfluorinated derivatives are by around 30 units lower than that of trifluoromethylsulfonylimide, making these acids the strongest ever predicted in solution. The derivatives of B12H12H2 are as a rule not significantly weaker acids than the respective derivatives of CB11H12H. This is important for expanding practical applicability of this type of acids and their anions, as they are synthetically much more accessible than the corresponding CB11H12(-) derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Lipping
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu , 14a Ravila St., Tartu 50411, Estonia
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Mirtič A, Grdadolnik J. The structure of poly-l-lysine in different solvents. Biophys Chem 2013; 175-176:47-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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