1
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Liu AD, Wang ZL, Liu L, Cheng L. A Visible-Light-Promoted C-H Arylation and Heteroarylation of Uracil Derivatives with Diazoniums in Aqueous Conditions. Curr Protoc 2022; 2:e432. [PMID: 35671138 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The photoredox synthesis of C-5 (hetero)arylated uracil and uridine substrates with the corresponding diazonium salts is described. The coupling proceeds efficiently without protection of the hydroxyls at the ribose or pre-functionalization of the C5 position at the nucleobase. No transition-metal catalyst is used in this transformation, thereby avoiding metal contamination in the final products. The use of water as the medium also eliminates the impurities caused by the use of organic solvents. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Synthesis of 5-aryl and 5-heteroaryl uracil derivatives Basic Protocol 2: Synthesis of 5-aryl uridine and deoxyuridine uridine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Di Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao-Li Wang
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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2
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Ali D, Parvin T, Choudhury LH. Visible Light-Mediated C(sp 2)-H Selenylation of Amino Pyrazole and Amino Uracils in the Presence of Rose Bengal as an Organophotocatalyst. J Org Chem 2022; 87:1230-1239. [PMID: 34994553 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report an efficient methodology for the synthesis of alkyl, benzyl, and phenyl selenoethers of aminopyrazoles and aminouracils by C(sp2)-H functionalization in the presence of visible light and Rose Bengal as an organophotocatalyst. The reaction of amino pyrazole/iosothiazole/isoxazole or amino uracils with 0.5 equivalent of diphenyl/dibenzyl/diethyl diselenides in the presence of visible light in acetonitrile medium and a catalytic amount of Rose Bengal provided the corresponding phenyl, benzyl, or ethyl selenoethers in good to very good yields. We have also utilized some of the selenylated aminopyrazoles for the preparation of pyrazole-fused dihydropyrimidines tethered with arylselenoethers by a catalyst-free one-pot three-component reaction. The notable features of this methodology are metal-free reaction conditions, good to very good yields, use of an organic photocatalyst, and wide substrate scope; it is also applicable to gram-scale synthesis and provides selenoethers of medicinally important heterocycles such amio-pyrazole, isoxazole, isothiazole, and uracils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danish Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta, Patna 801103, India
| | - Tasneem Parvin
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Patna, Ashok Rajpath, Patna 800005, India
| | - Lokman H Choudhury
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta, Patna 801103, India
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3
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Saikia BS, Borpatra PJ, Rahman I, Deb ML, Baruah PK. Visible-light-promoted sulfenylation of 6-aminouracils under catalyst-free conditions. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01941h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Visible-light-promoted reactions have proven to be a decent strategy for the synthesis of complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Shriya Saikia
- Department of Applied Sciences, GUIST, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, Assam, India
| | - Paran J. Borpatra
- Department of Applied Sciences, GUIST, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, Assam, India
| | - Iftakur Rahman
- Department of Applied Sciences, GUIST, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, Assam, India
| | - Mohit L. Deb
- Department of Applied Sciences, GUIST, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, Assam, India
| | - Pranjal K. Baruah
- Department of Applied Sciences, GUIST, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, Assam, India
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4
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Liu AD, Wang ZL, Liu L, Cheng L. Aqueous and Visible-Light-Promoted C-H (Hetero)arylation of Uracil Derivatives with Diazoniums. J Org Chem 2021; 86:16434-16447. [PMID: 34713700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Direct C5 (hetero)arylation of uracil and uridine substrates with (hetero)aryl diazonium salts under photoredox catalysis with blue light was reported. The coupling proceeds efficiently with diazonium salts and heterocycles in good functional group tolerance at room temperature in aqueous solution without transition-metal components. A plausible radical mechanism has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Di Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhao-Li Wang
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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5
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Balasubramaniyam T, Oh KI, Jin HS, Ahn HB, Kim BS, Lee JH. Non-Canonical Helical Structure of Nucleic Acids Containing Base-Modified Nucleotides. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9552. [PMID: 34502459 PMCID: PMC8430589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemically modified nucleobases are thought to be important for therapeutic purposes as well as diagnosing genetic diseases and have been widely involved in research fields such as molecular biology and biochemical studies. Many artificially modified nucleobases, such as methyl, halogen, and aryl modifications of purines at the C8 position and pyrimidines at the C5 position, are widely studied for their biological functions. DNA containing these modified nucleobases can form non-canonical helical structures such as Z-DNA, G-quadruplex, i-motif, and triplex. This review summarizes the synthesis of chemically modified nucleotides: (i) methylation, bromination, and arylation of purine at the C8 position and (ii) methylation, bromination, and arylation of pyrimidine at the C5 position. Additionally, we introduce the non-canonical structures of nucleic acids containing these modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thananjeyan Balasubramaniyam
- Department of Chemistry, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Korea; (T.B.); (K.-I.O.); (H.-S.J.); (H.-B.A.)
- The Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Korea
| | - Kwnag-Im Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Korea; (T.B.); (K.-I.O.); (H.-S.J.); (H.-B.A.)
- The Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Korea
| | - Ho-Seong Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Korea; (T.B.); (K.-I.O.); (H.-S.J.); (H.-B.A.)
| | - Hye-Bin Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Korea; (T.B.); (K.-I.O.); (H.-S.J.); (H.-B.A.)
| | - Byeong-Seon Kim
- The Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Korea
- Department of Chemistry Education, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Korea
| | - Joon-Hwa Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Korea; (T.B.); (K.-I.O.); (H.-S.J.); (H.-B.A.)
- The Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Korea
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6
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Shang Y, Wu C, Gao Q, Liu C, Li L, Zhang X, Cheng HG, Liu S, Zhou Q. Diversity-oriented functionalization of 2-pyridones and uracils. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2988. [PMID: 34016986 PMCID: PMC8137914 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23058-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterocycles 2-pyridone and uracil are privileged pharmacophores. Diversity-oriented synthesis of their derivatives is in urgent need in medicinal chemistry. Herein, we report a palladium/norbornene cooperative catalysis enabled dual-functionalization of iodinated 2-pyridones and uracils. The success of this research depends on the use of two unique norbornene derivatives as the mediator. Readily available alkyl halides/tosylates and aryl bromides are utilized as ortho-alkylating and -arylating reagents, respectively. Widely accessible ipso-terminating reagents, including H/DCO2Na, boronic acid/ester, terminal alkene and alkyne are compatible with this protocol. Thus, a large number of valuable 2-pyridone derivatives, including deuterium/CD3-labeled 2-pyridones, bicyclic 2-pyridones, 2-pyridone-fenofibrate conjugate, axially chiral 2-pyridone (97% ee), as well as uracil and thymine derivatives, can be quickly prepared in a predictable manner (79 examples reported), which will be very useful in new drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Shang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, and The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenggui Wu
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, and The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qianwen Gao
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, and The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, and The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan, China
| | - Lisha Li
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, and The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinping Zhang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, and The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-Gang Cheng
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, and The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, and The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianghui Zhou
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, and The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan, China.
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7
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Debnath P, Sahu G, De UC. Synthesis of functionalized pyrimidouracils by ruthenium‐catalyzed oxidative insertion of (hetero)aryl methanols into
N
‐uracil amidines. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pradip Debnath
- Department of Chemistry Maharaja Bir Bikram College Agartala India
| | - Gouranga Sahu
- Department of Chemistry Ramkrishna Mahavidyalaya Unakoti India
| | - Utpal C. De
- Department of Chemistry Tripura University Agartala India
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8
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Wang Q, Ma XL, Chen YY, Jiang CN, Xu YL. Electrochemical Synthesis of 5-Selenouracil Derivatives by Selenylation of Uracils. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Pharmacy School of Guilin Medical University; 541004 Guilin China
| | - Xian-Li Ma
- Pharmacy School of Guilin Medical University; 541004 Guilin China
| | - Yan-Yan Chen
- Pharmacy School of Guilin Medical University; 541004 Guilin China
| | - Cai-Na Jiang
- Pharmacy School of Guilin Medical University; 541004 Guilin China
| | - Yan-Li Xu
- Pharmacy School of Guilin Medical University; 541004 Guilin China
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9
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Savitha B, Reddy EK, Kumar CA, Karuvalam RP, Padusha MSA, Bakulev VA, Narasimhamurthy KH, Sajith AM, Joy MN. A modified approach for the site-selective direct C-6 arylation of benzylated uracil. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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10
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Takenaga N, Hayashi T, Ueda S, Satake H, Yamada Y, Kodama T, Dohi AT. Synthesis of Uracil-Iodonium(III) Salts for Practical Utilization as Nucleobase Synthetic Modules. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173034. [PMID: 31438596 PMCID: PMC6749211 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Iodonium(III) salts bearing uracil moieties have recently appeared in the literature, but their structural scope and utilization are limited because of their hygroscopic characteristics. In this study, we describe our detailed investigations for synthesizing a series of uracil iodonium(III) salts derived with various structural motifs and counterions. These new compounds have been utilized as attractive synthetic modules in constructing functionalized nucleobase and nucleosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Takenaga
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan.
| | - Takumi Hayashi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Shohei Ueda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Satake
- Department of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Kanagawa University of Human Services, 1-10-1 Heisei-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8522, Japan
| | - Yoichi Yamada
- School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, 1-6-1 Nishigawara, Naka-ku, Okayama 703-8516, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kodama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - And Toshifumi Dohi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
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11
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Noikham M, Yotphan S. Copper-Catalyzed Regioselective Direct C-H Thiolation and Thiocyanation of Uracils. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Medena Noikham
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC); Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Mahidol University; Rama VI Road 10400 Bangkok Thailand
| | - Sirilata Yotphan
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC); Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Mahidol University; Rama VI Road 10400 Bangkok Thailand
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12
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Concise Pyrimido[4,5- d]pyrimidine Synthesis via Direct Annulation of N-Uracil Amidines with Benzaldehydes Under Transition Metal Free Conditions. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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Takenaga N, Ueda S, Hayashi T, Dohi T, Kitagaki S. Vicinal Functionalization of Uracil Heterocycles with Base Activation of Iodonium(III) Salts. HETEROCYCLES 2019. [DOI: 10.3987/com-18-s(f)93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Debnath P. TBHP-mediated oxidative synthesis of substituted pyrimido[4,5- d]pyrimidines from N-uracil amidines and methylarenes under metal free conditions. RSC Adv 2019; 9:29831-29839. [PMID: 35559119 PMCID: PMC9092612 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06625j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient and operationally simple protocol has been demonstrated for the synthesis of 1,3,5,7-tetrasubstituted pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidines via TBHP-mediated direct oxidative coupling of N-uracil amidines and methylarenes under metal-free conditions. Due to the inherent stability of methylarenes compared to aldehydes, the presented synthetic protocol is adaptable to a broad substrate scope, is operationally simple, has no need for stringent protection in the whole preparation process, and has the potential to prepare valuable products that are currently inaccessible or challenging to prepare using conventional methods. It is a significantly important complement to the conventional synthetic methods. The reaction possesses an efficient tandem oxidation–imination–cyclization process. An efficient and operationally simple protocol has been described for the synthesis of 1,3,5,7-tetrasubstituted pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidines via TBHP-mediated direct oxidative coupling of N-uracil amidines and methylarenes under metal-free conditions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip Debnath
- Department of Chemistry
- Maharaja Bir Bikram College
- Agartala
- India
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15
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Rajapaksha SM, Mlsna TE, Pittman CU. A Regioselective Synthesis of 6-Alkyl- and 6-Aryluracils by Cs 2CO 3- or K 3PO 4-Promoted Dimerization of 3-Alkyl- and 3-Aryl-2-Propynamides. J Org Chem 2017; 82:5678-5688. [PMID: 28488857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A regioselective synthesis of 6-alkyl- and 6-aryluracils was developed by the dimerization of 3-alkyl- and 3-aryl-2-propynamides promoted by either Cs2CO3 or K3PO4. A range of 3-aryl-2-propynamides, with both electron-deficient and electron-rich 3-aryl substituents, were successfully reacted in high yields. Cs+ acts as a soft Lewis acid to polarize the carbon-carbon triple bond, and solid K3PO4 interacts with carbonyl oxygen, promoting intermolecular nucleophilic attack by the only weakly nucleophilic amide nitrogen. Experiments were conducted to support the proposed mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suranga M Rajapaksha
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University , Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Todd E Mlsna
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University , Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Charles U Pittman
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University , Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
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16
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Graml A, Ghosh I, König B. Synthesis of Arylated Nucleobases by Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis. J Org Chem 2017; 82:3552-3560. [PMID: 28247755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Arylated nucleobases were synthesized by visible light photocatalysis using rhodamine 6G as photoredox catalyst and N,N-diisopropylethylamine as sacrificial electron donor. The high redox potential of this catalyst system is achieved by a consecutive photoinduced electron transfer process (conPET) and allows the room temperature conversion of brominated and chlorinated nucleobases or nucleobase precursors as starting materials. In contrast to many transition-metal-based syntheses, a direct C-H arylation of nitrogen-containing halogenated heterocycles is possible without protection of the N-H groups. The method provides a simple, metal-free alternative for the synthesis of biologically interesting arylated heterocycles under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Graml
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg , Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Indrajit Ghosh
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg , Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg , Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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17
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Kobayashi Y, Tanahashi R, Yamaguchi Y, Hatae N, Kobayashi M, Ueno Y, Yoshimatsu M. Ni-Pd Catalyzed Cyclization of Sulfanyl 1,6-Diynes: Synthesis of 1'-Homonucleoside Analogues. J Org Chem 2017; 82:2436-2449. [PMID: 28151664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Ni-Pd catalyzed addition-cyclization of sulfanyl 1,6-diynes 2-9 with nucleobases is described. The reactions of N-tethered 1,6-diynes with N3-benzoylthymine, N4,N4-bis(Boc)cytosine, N3-benzoyluracil and N6,N6-bis(Boc)adenine exclusively afforded the pyrrolylmethyl and furylmethyl nucleotides in good yields. Deprotection of nucleobases was completed by treatment with acids or bases. Furthermore, the reactions of pyrroles and furans with nucleophiles such as alkoxides and amines underwent detosylation and conversion to the alkoxymethyl- and arylaminomethyl-pyrroles and furans in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Gifu University , Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Rena Tanahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Gifu University , Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yui Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University , Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Hatae
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science University of Hokkaido , Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Masanori Kobayashi
- Organization for Research and Community Development, Department of Research Promotion, Gifu University , Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Ueno
- Department of Smart Material Science, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University , Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Yoshimatsu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Gifu University , Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University , Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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18
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Morel B, Franck P, Bidange J, Sergeyev S, Smith DA, Moseley JD, Maes BUW. Concise Xanthine Synthesis through a Double-Amidination Reaction of a 6-Chlorouracil with Amidines using Base-Metal Catalysis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:624-628. [PMID: 27899009 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201601483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A new and concise route towards xanthines through a double-amidination reaction is described; consecutive intermolecular C-Cl and intramolecular oxidative C-H amidination. N-uracil amidines are obtained through SN AE on a 6-chlorouracil with amidines. Direct Cu-catalyzed oxidative C-H amidination on these N-uracil amidines yields polysubstituted xanthines. Sustainable oxidants, tBu2 O2 or O2 , can be used in this oxidase-type reaction. The protocol allows for the introduction of N1, N3, N7, and C8 substituents during the xanthine-scaffold construction, thus avoiding post-functionalization steps. Both 6-chlorouracils and amidines are readily available commercially or through synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte Morel
- Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Philippe Franck
- Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Johan Bidange
- Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sergey Sergeyev
- Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dan A Smith
- CatSci Ltd., CBTC2, Capital Business Park, Wentloog, Cardiff, CF3 2PX, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan D Moseley
- CatSci Ltd., CBTC2, Capital Business Park, Wentloog, Cardiff, CF3 2PX, United Kingdom
| | - Bert U W Maes
- Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
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19
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Zhang X, Su L, Qiu L, Fan Z, Zhang X, Lin S, Huang Q. Palladium-catalyzed C–H olefination of uracils and caffeines using molecular oxygen as the sole oxidant. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:3499-3506. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00616k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed oxidative C–H olefination of uracils or caffeines with alkenes using an atmospheric pressure of molecular oxygen as the sole oxidant has been disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- People's Republic of China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
| | - Lv Su
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- People's Republic of China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
| | - Lin Qiu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- People's Republic of China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
| | - Zhenwei Fan
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- People's Republic of China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- People's Republic of China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
| | - Shen Lin
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- People's Republic of China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
| | - Qiufeng Huang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- People's Republic of China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
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20
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Théveau L, Schneider C, Fruit C, Hoarau C. Orthogonal Palladium-Catalyzed Direct C−H Bond Arylation of Heteroaromatics with Aryl Halides. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201600489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laure Théveau
- Normandie Univ, COBRA, UMR 6014 et FR 3038; Univ Rouen; INSA Rouen; CNRS, IRCOF; 1 rue Tesnière 76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex France
| | - Cédric Schneider
- Normandie Univ, COBRA, UMR 6014 et FR 3038; Univ Rouen; INSA Rouen; CNRS, IRCOF; 1 rue Tesnière 76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex France
| | - Corinne Fruit
- Normandie Univ, COBRA, UMR 6014 et FR 3038; Univ Rouen; INSA Rouen; CNRS, IRCOF; 1 rue Tesnière 76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex France
| | - Christophe Hoarau
- Normandie Univ, COBRA, UMR 6014 et FR 3038; Univ Rouen; INSA Rouen; CNRS, IRCOF; 1 rue Tesnière 76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex France
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21
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Cresswell AJ, Lloyd-Jones GC. Room-Temperature Gold-Catalysed Arylation of Heteroarenes: Complementarity to Palladium Catalysis. Chemistry 2016; 22:12641-5. [PMID: 27325239 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Tailoring of the pre-catalyst, the oxidant and the arylsilane enables the first room-temperature, gold-catalysed, innate C-H arylation of heteroarenes. Regioselectivity is consistently high and, in some cases, distinct from that reported with palladium catalysis. Tolerance to halides and boronic esters, in both the heteroarene and silane partners, provides orthogonality to Suzuki-Miyaura coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Cresswell
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JJ, UK
| | - Guy C Lloyd-Jones
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JJ, UK.
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22
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Wrigstedt P, Kavakka J, Heikkinen S, Nieger M, Räisänen M, Repo T. The Reactivity of Thymine and Thymidine 5,6-Epoxides with Organometallic Reagents - A Route to Thymidine (6-4) Photoproduct Analogues. J Org Chem 2016; 81:3848-59. [PMID: 27080560 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This report describes an efficient procedure for the generation and isolation of various thymine and thymidine 5,6-epoxides from the corresponding trans-5,6-bromohydrins by reaction with triethylamine. The quantitative isolation of the epoxides, accomplished by solvent precipitation of triethylamine hydrobromide, enabled their regiospecific ring-opening at C6 position by organometallic nucleophiles. The reaction was amenable to a broad range of alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, and alkynyl organomagnesium, -zinc, -aluminum, or -boron reagents, although the reactivity was strongly affected by the electronic effects of N3 protecting group. Additionally, the reaction featured excellent cis-diastereoselectivity providing access to C6-carbon-functionalized dihydrothymidine cis-alcohols, which are synthetic derivatives of UV-induced DNA lesions, namely, thymidine (6-4) photoproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauli Wrigstedt
- Department of Chemistry, †Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry and ‡Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 55, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Jari Kavakka
- Department of Chemistry, †Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry and ‡Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 55, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Sami Heikkinen
- Department of Chemistry, †Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry and ‡Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 55, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of Chemistry, †Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry and ‡Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 55, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Minna Räisänen
- Department of Chemistry, †Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry and ‡Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 55, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Timo Repo
- Department of Chemistry, †Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry and ‡Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 55, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
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23
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Wang DC, Xia R, Xie MS, Qu GR, Guo HM. Synthesis of cycloalkyl substituted purine nucleosides via a metal-free radical route. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:4189-93. [PMID: 27101306 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00596a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient route to synthesize cycloalkyl substituted purine nucleosides was developed. This metal-free C-H activation was accomplished by a tBuOOtBu initiated radical reaction. By adjusting the amount of tBuOOtBu and reaction time, the selective synthesis of C6-monocycloalkyl or C6,C8-dicycloalkyl substituted purine nucleosides could be realized. Furthermore, uracil and related nucleosides were also suitable substrates, giving the C5-cyclohexyl substituted uracil derivatives in good yields with excellent regioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Chao Wang
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan province 453007, P. R. China and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions of Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China.
| | - Ran Xia
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan province 453007, P. R. China and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Ming-Sheng Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions of Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China.
| | - Gui-Rong Qu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions of Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China.
| | - Hai-Ming Guo
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan province 453007, P. R. China and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions of Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China.
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24
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Klier L, Aranzamendi E, Ziegler D, Nickel J, Karaghiosoff K, Carell T, Knochel P. Lewis Acid Triggered Regioselective Magnesiation and Zincation of Uracils, Uridines, and Cytidines. Org Lett 2016; 18:1068-71. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Klier
- Department
Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Eider Aranzamendi
- Department
Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Dorothée Ziegler
- Department
Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Johannes Nickel
- Department
Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Konstantin Karaghiosoff
- Department
Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Thomas Carell
- Department
Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department
Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
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25
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Yu J, Moon HR, Kim SY, Kim JN. Aerobic Transition-Metal-Free Synthesis of 2,3-Diarylindoles and 5-Aryluracils via Oxidative Nucleophilic Substitution of Hydrogen Pathway. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Basic Science; Chonnam National University; Gwangju 500-757 Korea
| | - Hye Ran Moon
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Basic Science; Chonnam National University; Gwangju 500-757 Korea
| | - Su Yeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Basic Science; Chonnam National University; Gwangju 500-757 Korea
| | - Jae Nyoung Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Basic Science; Chonnam National University; Gwangju 500-757 Korea
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26
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Bilbao N, Vázquez-González V, Aranda MT, González-Rodríguez D. Synthesis of 5-/8-Halogenated or Ethynylated Lipophilic Nucleobases as Potential Synthetic Intermediates for Supramolecular Chemistry. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Guchhait SK, Priyadarshani G. Pd-Catalyzed Ag(I)-Promoted C3-Arylation of Pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-ones with Bromo/Iodo-Arenes. J Org Chem 2015; 80:8482-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sankar K. Guchhait
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S. A. S. Nagar (Mohali) 160062, Punjab India
| | - Garima Priyadarshani
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S. A. S. Nagar (Mohali) 160062, Punjab India
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28
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Perrone S, Capua M, Salomone A, Troisi L. Multicomponent Synthesis of Uracil Analogues Promoted by Pd-Catalyzed Carbonylation of α-Chloroketones in the Presence of Isocyanates and Amines. J Org Chem 2015; 80:8189-97. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Perrone
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Martina Capua
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Antonio Salomone
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, Bari 70125, Italy
| | - Luigino Troisi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
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29
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Yang Q, Wei T, He Y, Liang Y, Zhang ZT. Direct Arylation of 5-Iodouracil and 5-Iodouridine with Heteroarenes and BenzeneviaPhotochemical Reaction. Helv Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201400351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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30
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Laxminarayana B, Kundu LM. Direct Chemoselective Synthesis of N-3-Substituted Pyrimidinones in a Microwave-Assisted Method. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2015.1017770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lal Mohan Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, India
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31
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Liang Y, Wnuk SF. Modification of purine and pyrimidine nucleosides by direct C-H bond activation. Molecules 2015; 20:4874-901. [PMID: 25789821 PMCID: PMC6272170 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20034874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed modifications of the activated heterocyclic bases of nucleosides as well as DNA or RNA fragments employing traditional cross-coupling methods have been well-established in nucleic acid chemistry. This review covers advances in the area of cross-coupling reactions in which nucleosides are functionalized via direct activation of the C8-H bond in purine and the C5-H or C6-H bond in uracil bases. The review focuses on Pd/Cu-catalyzed couplings between unactivated nucleoside bases with aryl halides. It also discusses cross-dehydrogenative arylations and alkenylations as well as other reactions used for modification of nucleoside bases that avoid the use of organometallic precursors and involve direct C-H bond activation in at least one substrate. The scope and efficiency of these coupling reactions along with some mechanistic considerations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Stanislaw F Wnuk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
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32
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Gayakhe V, Sanghvi YS, Fairlamb IJS, Kapdi AR. Catalytic C–H bond functionalisation of purine and pyrimidine nucleosides: a synthetic and mechanistic perspective. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:11944-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03416g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
C–H bond functionalisation of heteroarenes, especially nucleosides, has received a lot of attention in the past few years. This review describes the state-of the art in this area with a global aspiration for possibly functionalising purine and pyrimidine moieties in complex biomolecular systems.
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33
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Kianmehr E, Khalkhali MR, Rezaeefard M, Khan KM, Ng SW. Pd-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Cross-Coupling of 1,4-Quinones with N,N′-Dialkyluracils. Aust J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/ch14412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward and efficient method for the palladium-catalyzed direct cross-coupling of quinones with N,N′-dialkyluracils via 2-fold C–H activation has been developed to rapidly construct uracil substituted quinone structural motifs.
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34
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Liang Y, Gloudeman J, Wnuk SF. Palladium-catalyzed direct arylation of 5-halouracils and 5-halouracil nucleosides with arenes and heteroarenes promoted by TBAF. J Org Chem 2014; 79:4094-103. [PMID: 24724921 PMCID: PMC4011569 DOI: 10.1021/jo500602p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
1-N-benzyl-5-iodo(or bromo)uracil undergoes
Pd-catalyzed [Pd2(dba)3] direct arylation with
benzene and other simple arenes in the presence of TBAF in DMF without
the necessity of adding any ligands or additives to give 5-arylated
uracil analogues. The TBAF-promoted coupling also occurs efficiently
with electron rich heteroarenes at 100 °C (1 h) even with only
small excess of heteroarenes. The protocol avoids usage of the arylboronic
acid or stannane precursors for the synthesis of 5-(2-furyl, or 2-thienyl,
or 2-pyrrolyl)uracil nucleosides, which are used as important RNA
and DNA fluorescent probes. The fact that 1-N-benzyl-3-N-methyl-5-iodouracil did not undergo the TBAF-promoted
couplings with arenes or heteroarenes suggests that the C4-alkoxide
(enol form of uracil) facilitates coupling by participation in the
intramolecular processes of hydrogen abstraction from arenes. TBAF-promoted
arylation was extended into the other enolizable heterocyclic systems
such as 3-bromo-2-pyridone. The π-excessive heteroarenes also
coupled with 5-halouracils in the presence of Pd(OAc)2/Cs2CO3/PivOH combination in DMF (100 °C, 2 h)
to yield 5-arylated uracils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University , Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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35
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Lussier T, Hervé G, Enderlin G, Len C. Original access to 5-aryluracils from 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine via a microwave assisted Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling/deglycosylation sequence in pure water. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04814h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile and efficient methodology to obtain various 5-aryluracil derivatives was developed through a two steps sequence: a ligand-free Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction starting from totally deprotected 5-iodo-(2′-deoxy)uridine followed by a very simple deglycosylation procedure in pure water with assistance of microwave irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Lussier
- Transformation Intégrée de la Matière renouvelable
- UTC-ESCOM
- Centre de Recherche de Royallieu
- , France
| | - G. Hervé
- Transformation Intégrée de la Matière renouvelable
- UTC-ESCOM
- Centre de Recherche de Royallieu
- , France
| | - G. Enderlin
- Transformation Intégrée de la Matière renouvelable
- UTC-ESCOM
- Centre de Recherche de Royallieu
- , France
| | - C. Len
- Transformation Intégrée de la Matière renouvelable
- UTC-ESCOM
- Centre de Recherche de Royallieu
- , France
- Department of Chemistry
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36
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Hocek M, Ćerňová M, Pohl R, Klepetářová B. C-H Trifluoromethylations of 1,3-Dimethyluracil and Reactivity of the Products in C-H Arylations. HETEROCYCLES 2014. [DOI: 10.3987/com-14-12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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37
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Mondal B, Hazra S, Roy B. Pd(II)-catalyzed regioselective direct arylation of uracil via oxidative Heck reaction using arylboronic acids. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.12.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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38
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Chun YS, Xuan Z, Kim JH, Lee SG. An Expedient and Divergent Tandem One-Pot Synthesis of Pyrimidin-2,4-diones Using the Blaise Reaction Intermediate. Org Lett 2013; 15:3162-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol401389j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sung Chun
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Zi Xuan
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Sang-gi Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
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39
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Enderlin G, Sartori G, Hervé G, Len C. Synthesis of 6-aryluridines via Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction at room temperature under aerobic ligand-free conditions in neat water. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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40
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Yu YY, Georg GI. Dehydrogenative alkenylation of uracils via palladium-catalyzed regioselective C-H activation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:3694-6. [PMID: 23529083 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc41130c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A regioselective Pd-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative coupling between uracils and alkenes is reported. This protocol provides easy access to a variety of 5-alkenyluracil structural motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yun Yu
- Department of Chemistry and the Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, USA
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41
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Cheng C, Shih YC, Chen HT, Chien TC. Regioselective arylation of uracil and 4-pyridone derivatives via copper(I) bromide mediated C–H bond activation. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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42
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Gallagher-Duval S, Hervé G, Sartori G, Enderlin G, Len C. Improved microwave-assisted ligand-free Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling of 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine in pure water. NEW J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj00174a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Tamura R, Yamada Y, Nakao Y, Hiyama T. Alkylation of Pyridone Derivatives By Nickel/Lewis Acid Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201200922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Tamura R, Yamada Y, Nakao Y, Hiyama T. Alkylation of Pyridone Derivatives By Nickel/Lewis Acid Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:5679-82. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201200922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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45
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Efficient one-pot synthesis of cyclic β-enaminoamides by thermal Wolff rearrangement of cyclic 2-diazo-1,3-dicarbonyls and conversion to uracil derivatives. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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46
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Palladium-catalyzed synthesis of benzo[c]pyrimido[1,6-a]azepine scaffold from Morita–Baylis–Hillman adducts: intramolecular 6-arylation of uracil nucleus. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.11.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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Kögler M, De Jonghe S, Herdewijn P. Synthesis of 6-aryl-2′-deoxyuridine nucleosides via a Liebeskind cross-coupling methodology. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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48
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Palladium-catalyzed direct 5-arylation of 1,3-dimethyluracil with aryl bromides: an electrophilic metalation–deprotonation with electrophilic arylpalladium intermediate. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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