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Kleinpeter E, Koch A. Identification and quantification of local antiaromaticity in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) based on the magnetic criterion. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3035-3044. [PMID: 38534070 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00114a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The spatial magnetic properties, through-space NMR shieldings (TSNMRSs, actually the ring current effect in 1H NMR spectroscopy), of a selection of entirely antiaromatic and aromatic polycyclic conjugated hydrocarbons (PCHs), and aromatic PCHs with antiaromatic components, have been calculated using the GIAO perturbation method employing the nucleus independent chemical shift (NICS) concept and visualized as iso-chemical-shielding surfaces (ICSSs) of various sizes and directions. Using both in-plane and above/below-plane ICSS data, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can be readily distinguished from polycyclic antiaromatic ones, even when antiaromatic components are present in the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). These antiaromatic zones can also be attributed to internal components of the in-plane deshielding belt present in aromatic compounds and possible partial antiaromatic ring current effects in the same place. This makes it possible to unequivocally confirm correctly assigned or adjust incorrectly assigned antiaromaticity of individual rings in the same molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich Kleinpeter
- Universität Potsdam, Institut für Chemie, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam (Golm), Germany.
| | - Andreas Koch
- Universität Potsdam, Institut für Chemie, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam (Golm), Germany.
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2
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Theoretical Study on the Structures, Electronic Properties, and Aromaticity of Thiophene Analogues of Anti-Kekulene. CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry4040102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We predict the geometries, electronic properties, and aromaticity of thiophene analogues of anti-kekulene with six to nine thiophene rings 1–4, together with those of cyclobutadithiophenes (CDTs) and anti-kekulene as reference compounds, using density functional theory calculations. Investigation of the simplest reference compounds, CDTs, reveals that the local aromaticity of their thiophene rings is influenced by their fused position (b- or c-bond) to the four-membered ring (4MR). A thiophene ring fused at the b-position (b-TR) retains its aromatic character to some extent, whereas the aromatic character of one fused at the c-position is attenuated. The 4MR with two fused b-TRs retains a strong anti-aromatic character. Thiophene analogues of anti-kekulene with six to eight thiophene rings 1–3 favor bowl-shaped structures, in contrast to the planar structure of anti-kekulene, because of the shorter distances of the sulfur bridges. Compound 4, with nine thiophene rings, adopts a planar structure. The local aromaticity and anti-aromaticity of the thiophene ring and 4MR are significantly attenuated in 1–4 compared with the reference compounds, the CDTs and anti-kekulene. This can be attributed to the considerable contribution of the quinoidal electronic structure in 1–4. The present study provides new insight into the aromatic and electronic nature of systems containing cyclobutadienothiophene.
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3
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Kleinpeter E, Koch A. Cyclazines‐Structure and Aromaticity or Antiaromaticity on the Magnetic Criterion. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erich Kleinpeter
- Chemisches Institut der Universität Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–25 14476 Potsdam (Golm) Germany E-mail
| | - Andreas Koch
- Chemisches Institut der Universität Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–25 14476 Potsdam (Golm) Germany E-mail
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4
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Tkachenko NV, Chen WX, Morgan HWT, Muñoz-castro A, Boldyrev A, Sun ZM. Sn 368‒: A 2.7 nm Naked Aromatic Tin Rod. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6223-6226. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01745h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we synthesize naked tin cluster anion Sn368‒, representing the first example of pure Sn nanowire assembled through oxidative coupling reactions of a super atomic cluster Sn94-. Theoretical...
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Dickens TK, Mallion RB. Calculated Magnetic Properties of a Recently Synthesized Corannulene-Dibenzobistetracene Hybrid. J Org Chem 2021; 86:17404-17408. [PMID: 34735152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Comparison is made between two calculated magnetic properties of a recently synthesized 24-ring corannulene-dibenzobistetracene hybrid (Corannulene-DBT): nuclear independent chemical shifts published by Xu et al. and Hückel-London-Pople-McWeeny (HLPM) ring currents and bond currents that are presented here. There is agreement in 18 of the 24 rings in Corannulene-DBT. This is seen as further evidence that the HLPM approach has a surprising ability to reproduce complex patterns of current in large polycyclic hydrocarbons.
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6
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Anjalikrishna PK, Gadre SR, Suresh CH. Antiaromaticity-Aromaticity Interplay in Fused Benzenoid Systems Using Molecular Electrostatic Potential Topology. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:5999-6012. [PMID: 34210140 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c04286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The phenomenon of antiaromaticity-aromaticity interplay in aromatic-antiaromatic (A-aA)-fused systems is studied using molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) analysis, which clearly brings out the electron-rich π-regions of molecular systems. Benzene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene are the aromatic units and cyclobutadiene and pentalene are the antiaromatic units considered to construct the A-aA-fused systems. The fused system is seen to reduce the antiaromaticity by adopting a configuration containing the least number of localized bonds over antiaromatic moieties. This is clearly observed in 25 isomers of a fused system composed of three naphthalene and two cyclobutadiene units. Denoting the number of π-bonds in the cyclobutadiene rings by the notation (n, n'), the systems belonging to the class (0, 0) and (2, 2) turn out to be the most and least stable configurations, respectively. The stability of the fused system depends on the empty π-character of the antiaromatic ring, hence naphthalene and benzene prefer to fuse with cyclobutadiene in a linear and angular fashion, respectively. Generally, a configuration with the maximum number of 'empty' rings (0, 0, 0, ...) is considered to be the most stable for the given A-aA system. The stability and aromatic/antiaromatic character of A-aA-fused systems with pentalene is also interpreted in a similar way. MESP topology, clearly bringing out the distribution of double bonds in the fused systems, leads to a simple interpretation of the aromatic/antiaromatic character of them. Also, it leads to powerful predictions on stable macrocyclic A-aA systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puthannur K Anjalikrishna
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shridhar R Gadre
- Department of Scientific Computing, Modelling and Simulation, SavitribaiPhule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Cherumuttathu H Suresh
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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7
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Paenurk E, Feusi S, Gershoni-Poranne R. Predicting bond-currents in polybenzenoid hydrocarbons with an additivity scheme. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:024110. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0038292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eno Paenurk
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Feusi
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
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Tuerhong M, Kerim A. A study on the aromaticity and conjugation pathways of diheterodiazuliporphyrins and their dications. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mireguli Tuerhong
- The College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xinjiang University Urumqi 830046 China
| | - Ablikim Kerim
- The College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xinjiang University Urumqi 830046 China
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9
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Hashimoto S, Tahara K. Theoretical Study on the Geometry, Aromaticity, and Electronic Properties of Benzo[3,4]cyclobutathiophenes and Their Homologues. J Org Chem 2019; 84:9850-9858. [PMID: 31310116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The geometry, aromaticity, and electronic properties of benzo[3,4]cyclobutathiophenes (BCTs) and their homologues have been examined theoretically using density functional theory calculations. The harmonic oscillator measure of aromaticity and nucleus-independent chemical shift analyses revealed the aromaticity characteristics of the two regioisomers benzo[3,4]cyclobuta[1,2-b]thiophene and benzo[3,4]cyclobuta[1,2-c]thiophene. When the aromaticity of one of the six-π-electron rings increases, it concomitantly decreases in the other ring. The anti-aromaticity of the four-membered ring varies depending on the π-electron density of the shared bond with the thiophene ring. This leads to a large difference of the highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital gap between the isomers. Linear BCT homologues show medium diradical characters and the smallest EGap values. In the angular and branched homologues, the π-electrons of central benzene rings are localized avoiding the shared bonds, which results in a nonaromatic character. These data were compared to those of the parent hydrocarbons. Because of the diene character of the thiophene ring, the number and position of annulated thiophenocyclobutadieno moieties significantly influence the aromaticity and EGap values of BCT homologues. The present study does not only provide insight into the aromaticity and the properties of organic compounds containing four-membered rings but also affords helpful design guidelines of novel organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Hashimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology , Meiji University , 1-1-1 Higashimita , Tama-ku, Kawasaki , Kanagawa 214-8571 , Japan
| | - Kazukuni Tahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology , Meiji University , 1-1-1 Higashimita , Tama-ku, Kawasaki , Kanagawa 214-8571 , Japan
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10
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Stuyver T, Danovich D, Shaik S. Captodative Substitution Enhances the Diradical Character of Compounds, Reduces Aromaticity, and Controls Single-Molecule Conductivity Patterns: A Valence Bond Study. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:7133-7141. [PMID: 31318209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b06096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present contribution uses a valence bond (VB) perspective to consider the captodative substitution strategy, a method to enhance the diradical character of (potentially aromatic) compounds. We confirm the qualitative reasoning that has generally been used to rationalize the diradical-character-enhancing effect of captodative substitution: this type of substitution scheme disproportionally stabilizes specific Dewar/diradical(oid) VB structures, thus increasing their weight in the full ground-state wave function. Furthermore, we assess the effect of captodative substitution on the aromaticity of the considered compound. We observe a clear trade-off between diradical character and aromaticity for our model systems: as one of these properties increases, the other decreases. This finding is especially significant within the field of single-molecule electronics because it enables unification of the previously observed inverse proportionality between the aromaticity of a compound and the magnitude of conductance through that molecule, with the observed proportionality between diradical character and the magnitude of conductance associated with a compound. To some extent, both properties, i.e., aromaticity and diradical character, appear to be the flip-sides of the same coin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs Stuyver
- Department of Organic Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Centre for Computational Quantum Chemistry , The Hebrew University , Jerusalem 91904 , Israel.,Algemene Chemie , Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Pleinlaan 2 , 1050 Brussels , Belgium
| | - David Danovich
- Department of Organic Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Centre for Computational Quantum Chemistry , The Hebrew University , Jerusalem 91904 , Israel
| | - Sason Shaik
- Department of Organic Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Centre for Computational Quantum Chemistry , The Hebrew University , Jerusalem 91904 , Israel
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11
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Finkelstein P, Gershoni‐Poranne R. An Additivity Scheme for Aromaticity: The Heteroatom Case. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:1508-1520. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Finkelstein
- Laboratorium für Organische ChemieETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 Zurich 8093 Switzerland
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12
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Stanger A. Is the tetrakis[2.1.1]bicyclohexano-cycloocta-1,3,5,7-tetraene a good model for the D4
h-1,3,5,7-cyclooctatetraene? J PHYS ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amnon Stanger
- Schulich Department of Chemistry; Technion; Haifa Israel
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13
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Dickens TK, Mallion RB. Topological Ring Currents and Bond Currents in Some Neutral and Anionic Altans and Iterated Altans of Corannulene and Coronene. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:7666-7678. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b06862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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14
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Gershoni-Poranne R, Rahalkar AP, Stanger A. The predictive power of aromaticity: quantitative correlation between aromaticity and ionization potentials and HOMO–LUMO gaps in oligomers of benzene, pyrrole, furan, and thiophene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:14808-14817. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02162g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aromaticity of oligomers predicts their HOMO–LUMO gaps and ionization potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anuja P. Rahalkar
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa 32000
- Israel
| | - Amnon Stanger
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa 32000
- Israel
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15
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Charistos ND, Papadopoulos AG, Nikopoulos TA, Muñoz-Castro A, Sigalas MP. Canonical orbital contributions to the magnetic fields induced by global and local diatropic and paratropic ring currents. J Comput Chem 2017; 38:2594-2604. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nickolas D. Charistos
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Quantum and Computational Chemistry; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki 54 124 Greece
| | - Anastasios G. Papadopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Quantum and Computational Chemistry; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki 54 124 Greece
| | - Thomas A. Nikopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Quantum and Computational Chemistry; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki 54 124 Greece
| | - Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Laboratorio de Química Inorgánica y Materiales Moleculares; Universidad Autonoma de Chile; El Llano Subercaseaux Santiago 2801 Chile
- Doctorado en FisicoQuimica Molecular; Universidad Andres Bello, Av. Republica 275; Santiago Chile
| | - Michael P. Sigalas
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Quantum and Computational Chemistry; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki 54 124 Greece
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16
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Ayub R, Bakouri OE, Jorner K, Solà M, Ottosson H. Can Baird's and Clar's Rules Combined Explain Triplet State Energies of Polycyclic Conjugated Hydrocarbons with Fused 4nπ- and (4n + 2)π-Rings? J Org Chem 2017; 82:6327-6340. [PMID: 28535673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Compounds that can be labeled as "aromatic chameleons" are π-conjugated compounds that are able to adjust their π-electron distributions so as to comply with the different rules of aromaticity in different electronic states. We used quantum chemical calculations to explore how the fusion of benzene rings onto aromatic chameleonic units represented by biphenylene, dibenzocyclooctatetraene, and dibenzo[a,e]pentalene modifies the first triplet excited states (T1) of the compounds. Decreases in T1 energies are observed when going from isomers with linear connectivity of the fused benzene rings to those with cis- or trans-bent connectivities. The T1 energies decreased down to those of the parent (isolated) 4nπ-electron units. Simultaneously, we observe an increased influence of triplet state aromaticity of the central 4n ring as given by Baird's rule and evidenced by geometric, magnetic, and electron density based aromaticity indices (HOMA, NICS-XY, ACID, and FLU). Because of an influence of triplet state aromaticity in the central 4nπ-electron units, the most stabilized compounds retain the triplet excitation in Baird π-quartets or octets, enabling the outer benzene rings to adapt closed-shell singlet Clar π-sextet character. Interestingly, the T1 energies go down as the total number of aromatic cycles within a molecule in the T1 state increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Ayub
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University , Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ouissam El Bakouri
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Universitat de Girona , c/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 6, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Kjell Jorner
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University , Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Universitat de Girona , c/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 6, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Henrik Ottosson
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University , Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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Reisi-Vanani A, Rezaei AA. Evaluation of the aromaticity of non-planar and bowl-shaped molecules by NICS criterion. J Mol Graph Model 2015; 61:85-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
This review describes the current state of magnetic criteria of aromaticity. The introduction contains the fundamentals of ring currents in aromatic and antiaromatic systems, followed by a brief description of experimental and computational tools: NMR, diamagnetic susceptibility exaltation, current density analyses (CDA) and nucleus independent chemical shifts (NICS). This is followed by more comprehensive chapters: NMR - focusing on the work of R. Mitchell - NICS and CDA - describing the progress and development of the methods to their current state and presenting some examples of representative work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renana Gershoni-Poranne
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
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19
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Dickens TK, Mallion RB. Topological Ring-Current and Bond-Current Properties of the Altans of Certain K-Factorizable Conjugated Systems Containing “Fixed” Single-Bonds. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:5019-25. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b02826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy K. Dickens
- University
Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England, United Kingdom
| | - Roger B. Mallion
- School
of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NH, England, United Kingdom
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20
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Reisi-Vanani A, Faghih S. Nucleus-Independent Chemical Shift Criterion for Aromaticity in Some of the Corannulene Derivatives as Carbon Nanostructure: Effect of Substituent Groups on Aromaticity. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2014.948966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Radenković S, Tošović J, Havenith RWA, Bultinck P. Ring Currents in Benzo- and Benzocyclobutadieno-Annelated Biphenylene Derivatives. Chemphyschem 2014; 16:216-22. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Gershoni-Poranne R, Stanger A. The NICS-XY-scan: identification of local and global ring currents in multi-ring systems. Chemistry 2014; 20:5673-88. [PMID: 24677667 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS)-based methods are very popular for the determination of the induced magnetic field under an external magnetic field. These methods are used mostly (but not only) for the determination of the aromaticity and antiaromaticity of molecules and ions, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The ghost atom that serves as the NICS probe senses the induced magnetic field and reports it in the form of an NMR chemical shift. However, the source of the field cannot be determined by NICS. Thus, in a multi-ring system that may contain more than one induced current circuit (and therefore more than one source of the induced magnetic field) the NICS value may represent the sum of many induced magnetic fields. This may lead to wrong assignments of the aromaticity (and antiaromaticity) of the systems under study. In this paper, we present a NICS-based method for the determination of local and global ring currents in conjugated multi-ring systems. The method involves placing the NICS probes along the X axis, and if needed, along the Y axis, at a constant height above the system under study. Following the change in the induced field along these axes allows the identification of global and local induced currents. The best NICS type to use for these scans is NICSπZZ , but it is shown that at a height of 1.7 Å above the molecular plane, NICSZZ provides the same qualitative picture. This method, namely the NICS-XY-scan, gives information equivalent to that obtained through current density analysis methods, and in some cases, provides even more details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renana Gershoni-Poranne
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000 (Israel)
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Stanger A. Aromatic Stabilization Energy and Magnetic Properties in Fulvalenes: Is There a Connection Between These Two Aromaticity Indices? J Org Chem 2013; 78:12374-80. [DOI: 10.1021/jo401853z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amnon Stanger
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry
and The Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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