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López-Sosa L, Calaminici P. Cycloaddition reactions via "on water" protocol reactions: A density functional theory study. J Comput Chem 2024; 45:595-609. [PMID: 38054389 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the reactions of quadricyclane with dimethyl azodicarboxylate (DMAD) and of quadricyclane with diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD) in gas phase and in water environments were studied by a first-principles investigation within the framework of auxiliary density functional theory (ADFT). For these type of organic reactions is known that water is required to accelerate them. Since the reason of why this occur is still unknown, this work aims to gain insight into this reaction mechanism. For this investigation, the generalized gradient approximation as well as a hybrid functional were employed. The obtained optimized structures for the reactants, of the products and of the transition states are reported, together with the corresponding frequency analysis results and the reaction profiles. Along the proposed concerted reaction mechanism, a critical points search of the electron density and a charge analysis were performed. The calculated potential energy barriers of these reactions in gas phase and in water environments are compared. In agreement with experiment, the obtained results indicate that both reactions occur faster in water than in gas phase. This study shows that there is a change in the polarity of the two most important carbon atoms of the formed compounds along the reactions and that the decrease of the activation energy barrier which occurs in liquid phase in these reactions is because the structures of the main transition states are stabilized by the water environment. Therefore, the here obtained results demonstrate the important role played by the water-molecule framework into the activation energy barrier and structures of the molecules that participate in the DMAD and DEAD cycloaddition reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L López-Sosa
- Departamento de Química, CINVESTAV, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, México, Mexico
| | - P Calaminici
- Departamento de Química, CINVESTAV, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, México, Mexico
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2
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Rodríguez-Álvarez MJ, Ríos-Lombardía N, García-Garrido SE, Concellón C, del Amo V, Capriati V, García-Álvarez J. Recent Advancements in the Utilization of s-Block Organometallic Reagents in Organic Synthesis with Sustainable Solvents. Molecules 2024; 29:1422. [PMID: 38611702 PMCID: PMC11012548 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This mini-review offers a comprehensive overview of the advancements made over the last three years in utilizing highly polar s-block organometallic reagents (specifically, RLi, RNa and RMgX compounds) in organic synthesis run under bench-type reaction conditions. These conditions involve exposure to air/moisture and are carried out at room temperature, with the use of sustainable solvents as reaction media. In the examples provided, the adoption of Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) or even water as non-conventional and protic reaction media has not only replicated the traditional chemistry of these organometallic reagents in conventional and toxic volatile organic compounds under Schlenk-type reaction conditions (typically involving low temperatures of -78 °C to 0 °C and a protective atmosphere of N2 or Ar), but has also resulted in higher conversions and selectivities within remarkably short reaction times (measured in s/min). Furthermore, the application of the aforementioned polar organometallics under bench-type reaction conditions (at room temperature/under air) has been extended to other environmentally responsible reaction media, such as more sustainable ethereal solvents (e.g., CPME or 2-MeTHF). Notably, this innovative approach contributes to enhancing the overall sustainability of s-block-metal-mediated organic processes, thereby aligning with several key principles of Green Chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Rodríguez-Álvarez
- Dipartimento di Farmacia—Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale “Metodologie e Processi Innovativi di Sintesi” (C.I.N.M.P.I.S.), Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicolás Ríos-Lombardía
- Laboratorio de Química Sintética Sostenible (QuimSinSos), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” (IUQOEM), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Sergio E. García-Garrido
- Laboratorio de Química Sintética Sostenible (QuimSinSos), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” (IUQOEM), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carmen Concellón
- Laboratorio de Química Sintética Sostenible (QuimSinSos), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” (IUQOEM), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Vicente del Amo
- Laboratorio de Química Sintética Sostenible (QuimSinSos), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” (IUQOEM), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia—Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale “Metodologie e Processi Innovativi di Sintesi” (C.I.N.M.P.I.S.), Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Joaquín García-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Química Sintética Sostenible (QuimSinSos), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” (IUQOEM), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
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3
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Gutiérrez López MÁ, Tan ML, Frontera A, Matile S. The Origin of Anion-π Autocatalysis. JACS AU 2023; 3:1039-1051. [PMID: 37124310 PMCID: PMC10131205 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The autocatalysis of epoxide-opening ether cyclizations on the aromatic surface of anion-π catalysts stands out as a leading example of emergent properties expected from the integration of unorthodox interactions into catalysis. A working hypothesis was proposed early on, but the mechanism of anion-π autocatalysis has never been elucidated. Here, we show that anion-π autocatalysis is almost independent of peripheral crowding in substrate and product. Inaccessible asymmetric anion-π autocatalysis and sometimes erratic reproducibility further support that the origin of anion-π autocatalysis is more complex than originally assumed. The apparent long-distance communication without physical contact calls for the inclusion of water between substrate and product on the catalytic aromatic surface. Efficient anion-π autocatalysis around equimolar amounts but poor activity in dry solvents and with excess water indicate that this inclusion of water requires high precision. Computational models suggest that two water molecules transmit dual substrate activation by the product and serve as proton shuttles along antiparallel but decoupled hydrogen-bonded chains to delocalize and stabilize evolving charge density in the transition state by "anion-π double bonds". This new transition-state model of anion-π autocatalysis provides a plausible mechanism that explains experimental results and brings anion-π catalysis to an unprecedented level of sophistication.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Ángeles Gutiérrez López
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- National
Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Molecular Systems Engineering
(MSE), CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mei-Ling Tan
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- National
Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Molecular Systems Engineering
(MSE), CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Departament
de Química, Universitat de les Illes
Balears, SP-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- National
Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Molecular Systems Engineering
(MSE), CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
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4
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Secondary Structure in Amyloids in Relation to Their Wild Type Forms. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010154. [PMID: 36613597 PMCID: PMC9820225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The amyloid structures and their wild type forms, available in the PDB database, provide the basis for comparative analyses. Globular proteins are characterised by a 3D spatial structure, while a chain in any amyloid fibril has a 2D structure. Another difference lies in the structuring of the hydrogen bond network. Amyloid forms theoretically engage all the NH and C=O groups of the peptide bonds in a chain with two hydrogen bonds each. In addition, the hydrogen bond network is highly ordered-as perpendicular to the plane of the chain. The β-structure segments provide the hydrogen bond system with an anti-parallel system. The folds appearing in the rectilinear propagation of the segment with the β-structure are caused by just by one of the residues in the sequence-residues with a Rα-helical or Lα-helical conformation. The antiparallel system of the hydrogen bonds in the β-structure sections at the site of the amino acid with a Rα- or Lα-helical conformation changes into a parallel system locally. This system also ensures that the involvement of the C=O and H-N groups in the construction of the interchain hydrogen bond, while maintaining a perpendicular orientation towards the plane of the chain. Conformational analysis at the level of the Phi and Psi angles indicates the presence of the conditions for the structures observed in the amyloids. The specificity of amyloid structures with the dominant conformation expressed as |Psi| = |Phi| reveals the system of organisation present in amyloid fibrils. The Phi, Psi angles, as present in this particular structure, transformed to form |Psi| = |Phi| appear to be ordered co-linearly. Therefore, the calculation of the correlation coefficient may express the distribution around this idealised localisation on the Ramachandran map. Additionally, when the outstanding points are eliminated, the part of amyloid chain can be classified as fulfilling the defined conditions. In addition, the presentation of the chain structure using geometric parameters, V-angle-the angle between the planes of the adjacent peptide bonds (angle versus the virtual axis Cα-Cα) and the radius of the curvature R, depending on the size of the angle V, allows for a quantitative assessment of changes during amyloid transformation.
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5
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Verma A, Dolui P, Hazra S, Elias AJ. Directing group enabled ‘On-Water’ C-H bond functionalization of ferrocene derivatives. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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6
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Yadav A, Patil P, Chandam D, Jadhav S, Ghule A, Hangirgekar S, Sankpal S. Fe3O4@SiO2-SO3H-DABCO: A novel magnetically retrievable bifunctional catalyst for ecofriendly synthesis of diheteroarylmethanes. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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7
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Jeyapalan V, Varadharajan R, Babu Veerakanellore G, Ramamurthy V. Water: An underappreciated reaction medium for photodimerizations. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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8
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9
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Nguyen D, Casillas S, Vang H, Garcia A, Mizuno H, Riffe EJ, Saykally RJ, Nguyen SC. Catalytic Mechanism of Interfacial Water in the Cycloaddition of Quadricyclane and Diethyl Azodicarboxylate. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:3026-3030. [PMID: 33734703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
"On-water" catalysis, the unusual activity of water molecules at the organic solvent-water interface, has been demonstrated in many organic reactions. However, the catalytic mechanism has remained unclear, largely because of the irreproducibility of the organic-water interface under the common stirring condition. Here, the interfacial area was controlled by employing adsorbed water on mesoporous silica nanoparticles as the catalyst. Reliable kinetics of the cycloaddition reaction of quadricyclane and diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD) at the toluene-water interface within the nanoparticle pores were measured. Data reveal an Eley-Rideal mechanism, wherein DEAD adsorbs at the toluene-water interface via hydrogen bonds formed with interfacial water, which lower the activation energy of the cycloaddition reaction. The mechanistic insights gained and preparation of surface water in silica pores described herein may facilitate the future design of improved "on-water" catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Sarah Casillas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Hnubci Vang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Anthony Garcia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Hikaru Mizuno
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Erika J Riffe
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Richard J Saykally
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Son C Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Merced, California 95343, United States
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10
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A Review on Recent Progress of Glycan-Based Surfactant Micelles as Nanoreactor Systems for Chemical Synthesis Applications. POLYSACCHARIDES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/polysaccharides2010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The nanoreactor concept and its application as a modality to carry out chemical reactions in confined and compartmentalized structures continues to receive increasing attention. Micelle-based nanoreactors derived from various classes of surfactant demonstrate outstanding potential for chemical synthesis. Polysaccharide (glycan-based) surfactants are an emerging class of biodegradable, non-toxic, and sustainable alternatives over conventional surfactant systems. The unique structure of glycan-based surfactants and their micellar structures provide a nanoenvironment that differs from that of the bulk solution, and supported by chemical reactions with uniquely different reaction rates and mechanisms. In this review, the aggregation of glycan-based surfactants to afford micelles and their utility for the synthesis of selected classes of reactions by the nanoreactor technique is discussed. Glycan-based surfactants are ecofriendly and promising surfactants over conventional synthetic analogues. This contribution aims to highlight recent developments in the field of glycan-based surfactants that are relevant to nanoreactors, along with future opportunities for research. In turn, coverage of research for glycan-based surfactants in nanoreactor assemblies with tailored volume and functionality is anticipated to motivate advanced research for the synthesis of diverse chemical species.
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11
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Shilpa T, Neetha M, Anilkumar G. Recent Trends and Prospects in the Copper‐Catalysed “on Water” Reactions. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Shilpa
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills Kottayam Kerala INDIA 686560
| | - Mohan Neetha
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills Kottayam Kerala INDIA 686560
| | - Gopinathan Anilkumar
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills Kottayam Kerala INDIA 686560
- Advanced Molecular materials Research centre (AMMRC) Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P O Kottayam Kerala INDIA 686560
- Institute for Integrated programmes and Research in Basic Sciences (IIRBS) Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P O Kottayam Kerala INDIA 686560
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12
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Cao WB, Jiang S, Li HY, Xu XP, Ji SJ. Synthesis of strained 1,2-diazetidines via [3 + 1] cycloaddition of C,N-cyclic azomethine imines with isocyanides and synthetic derivation. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00130b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Strained diazetidines are assembled simply from 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of isocyanides and C,N-cyclic azomethine imines, and their diversified transformations are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Hai-Yan Li
- Analysis and Testing Center
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- China
| | - Xiao-Ping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Shun-Jun Ji
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
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13
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Kitanosono T, Kobayashi S. Reactions in Water Involving the “On‐Water” Mechanism. Chemistry 2020; 26:9408-9429. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taku Kitanosono
- Department of ChemistrySchool of ScienceThe University of Tokyo Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Shū Kobayashi
- Department of ChemistrySchool of ScienceThe University of Tokyo Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
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14
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Malavade V, Patil M, Patil M. Scope, Kinetics, and Mechanism of “On Water” Cu Catalysis in the C-N Cross-Coupling Reactions of Indole Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vrunda Malavade
- UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences; University of Mumbai; Vidyanagari Campus, Kalina, Santacruz (East) Mumbai 400098 India
| | - Manish Patil
- UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences; University of Mumbai; Vidyanagari Campus, Kalina, Santacruz (East) Mumbai 400098 India
| | - Mahendra Patil
- UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences; University of Mumbai; Vidyanagari Campus, Kalina, Santacruz (East) Mumbai 400098 India
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15
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Britten TK, Kemmitt PD, Halcovitch NR, Coote SC. 4-π-Photocyclization of 1,2-Dihydropyridazines: An Approach to Bicyclic 1,2-Diazetidines with Rich Synthetic Potential. Org Lett 2019; 21:9232-9235. [PMID: 31696716 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The 4-π-photocyclization of a range of 1,2-dihydropyridazines is described, generating bicyclic 1,2-diazetidines in high yields on multigram scale. The key bicyclic 1,2-diazetidines are versatile synthetic intermediates and were easily converted into a range of novel derivatives, including functionalized 1,2-diazetidines, cyclobutenes, cyclobutanes, and 1,3-dienes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K Britten
- Department of Chemistry , Lancaster University , Bailrigg, Lancaster , LA1 4YB , U.K
| | - Paul D Kemmitt
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R & D , AstraZeneca , Cambridge , CB10 1XL , U.K
| | - Nathan R Halcovitch
- Department of Chemistry , Lancaster University , Bailrigg, Lancaster , LA1 4YB , U.K
| | - Susannah C Coote
- Department of Chemistry , Lancaster University , Bailrigg, Lancaster , LA1 4YB , U.K
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16
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Palomba M, Scarcella E, Sancineto L, Bagnoli L, Santi C, Marini F. Synthesis of Spirooxindole Oxetanes Through a Domino Reaction of 3-Hydroxyoxindoles and Phenyl Vinyl Selenone. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Palomba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Perugia; Via del Liceo, 1 - 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Elisabetta Scarcella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Perugia; Via del Liceo, 1 - 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Luca Sancineto
- Division of Organic Chemistry; Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies; Polish academy of Science; Sienkiewicza, 112 90-363 Lodz Poland
| | - Luana Bagnoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Perugia; Via del Liceo, 1 - 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Claudio Santi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Perugia; Via del Liceo, 1 - 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Francesca Marini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Perugia; Via del Liceo, 1 - 06123 Perugia Italy
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17
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Yang X, Zou J, Wang Y, Xue Y, Yang S. Role of Water in the Reaction Mechanism and endo/exo Selectivity of 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions Elucidated by Quantum Chemistry and Machine Learning. Chemistry 2019; 25:8289-8303. [PMID: 30887586 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of azomethine ylides with activated olefins are among the most important and versatile methods for the synthesis of enantioenriched pyrroline and pyrrolidine derivatives. Despite both theoretical and practical importance, the role of water molecules in the reactivity and endo/exo selectivity remains unclear. To explore how water accelerates the reactions and improves the endo/exo selectivity of the cycloadditions of 1,3-dipole phthalazinium-2-dicyanomethanide (1) and two dipolarophiles, an ab initio-quality neural network potential that overcomes the computational bottleneck of explicitly considering water molecules was used. It is demonstrated that not only the nature of both the dipolarophile and the 1,3-dipole, but also the solvent medium, can perturb or even alter the reaction mechanism. An extreme case was found for the reaction of 1,3-dipole 1 with methyl vinyl ketone, in which the reaction mechanism changes from a concerted to a stepwise mode on going from MeCN to H2 O as solvent, with formation of a zwitterionic intermediate that is a very shallow minimum on the energy surface. Thus, high stereocontrol can still be expected despite the stepwise nature of the mechanism. The results indicate that water can induce global polarization along the reaction coordinate and highlight the role of microsolvation effects and bulk-phase effects in reproducing the experimentally observed aqueous acceleration and enhanced endo/exo selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yifei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ying Xue
- College of Chemistry, Key Lab of Green Chemistry and Technology in Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Shengyong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
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18
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Nie R, Lai R, Lv S, Xu Y, Guo L, Wang Q, Wu Y. Water-mediated C–H activation of arenes with secure carbene precursors: the reaction and its application. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:11418-11421. [PMID: 31482875 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05804d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A water-mediated C–H activation using sulfoxonium ylides is reported, providing a general, green and step-economic approach to construct a C–C bond and varieties of useful N-heterocycle scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Nie
- Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Research Center for Drug Industrial Technology
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Ruizhi Lai
- Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Research Center for Drug Industrial Technology
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Songyang Lv
- Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Research Center for Drug Industrial Technology
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Yingying Xu
- Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Research Center for Drug Industrial Technology
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Li Guo
- Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Research Center for Drug Industrial Technology
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Qiantao Wang
- Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Research Center for Drug Industrial Technology
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Yong Wu
- Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Research Center for Drug Industrial Technology
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
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19
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García-Álvarez J, Hevia E, Capriati V. The Future of Polar Organometallic Chemistry Written in Bio-Based Solvents and Water. Chemistry 2018; 24:14854-14863. [PMID: 29917274 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There is a strong imperative to reduce the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the environment, and many efforts are currently being made to replace conventional hazardous VOCs in favour of safe, green and bio-renewable reaction media that are not based on crude petroleum. Recent ground-breaking studies from a few laboratories worldwide have shown that both Grignard and (functionalised) organolithium reagents, traditionally handled under strict exclusion of air and humidity and in anhydrous VOCs, can smoothly promote both nucleophilic additions to unsaturated substrates and nucleophilic substitutions in water and other bio-based solvents (glycerol, deep eutectic solvents), competitively with protonolysis, at room temperature and under air. The chemistry of polar organometallics in the above protic media is a complex phenomenon influenced by several factors, and understanding its foundational character is stimulating in the perspective of the development of a sustainable organometallic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín García-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis, Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorganica (IUQOEM), Instituto, Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles", Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, 33071, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
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20
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Paul DK, Meng K, Omanovic D, Alvarez JC. Hydrogen Bonding and Proton Transfer in Aqueous Toluene Microdroplets Studied by Particle Collision Electrochemistry. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201800542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dilip K. Paul
- Department of ChemistryVirginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA, 23284
| | - Kejie Meng
- Department of ChemistryVirginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA, 23284
| | - Dario Omanovic
- Department of Marine and Environmental ResearchRuder Boskovic Institute Zagreb Croatia
| | - Julio C. Alvarez
- Department of ChemistryVirginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA, 23284
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21
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Chaminda Lakmal HH, Xu JX, Xu X, Ahmed B, Fong C, Szalda DJ, Ramig K, Sygula A, Webster CE, Zhang D, Cui X. Synthesis of C-Unsubstituted 1,2-Diazetidines and Their Ring-Opening Reactions via Selective N-N Bond Cleavage. J Org Chem 2018; 83:9497-9503. [PMID: 29896959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
C-Unsubstituted 1,2-diazetidines, a rarely studied type of four-membered heterocyclic compounds, were synthesized through an operationally simple intermolecular vicinal disubstitution reaction. 1,2-Diazetidine derivatives bearing various N-arylsulfonyl groups were readily accessed and studied by experimental and computed Raman spectra. The ring-opening reaction of the diazetidine was explored and resulted in the identification of a selective N-N bond cleavage with thiols as nucleophiles, which stereoselectively produced a new class of N-sulfenylimine derivatives with C-aminomethyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hetti Handi Chaminda Lakmal
- Department of Chemistry , Mississippi State University , Mississippi State , Mississippi 39762 , United States
| | - Joanna Xiuzhu Xu
- Department of Chemistry , Mississippi State University , Mississippi State , Mississippi 39762 , United States
| | - Xue Xu
- Department of Chemistry , Mississippi State University , Mississippi State , Mississippi 39762 , United States
| | - Bassem Ahmed
- Department of Natural Sciences , Baruch College of the City University of New York , 17 Lexington Avenue , New York , New York 10010 , United States
| | - Christopher Fong
- Department of Natural Sciences , Baruch College of the City University of New York , 17 Lexington Avenue , New York , New York 10010 , United States
| | - David J Szalda
- Department of Natural Sciences , Baruch College of the City University of New York , 17 Lexington Avenue , New York , New York 10010 , United States
| | - Keith Ramig
- Department of Natural Sciences , Baruch College of the City University of New York , 17 Lexington Avenue , New York , New York 10010 , United States
| | - Andrzej Sygula
- Department of Chemistry , Mississippi State University , Mississippi State , Mississippi 39762 , United States
| | - Charles Edwin Webster
- Department of Chemistry , Mississippi State University , Mississippi State , Mississippi 39762 , United States
| | - Dongmao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Mississippi State University , Mississippi State , Mississippi 39762 , United States
| | - Xin Cui
- Department of Chemistry , Mississippi State University , Mississippi State , Mississippi 39762 , United States
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22
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Singh A, Kumar A. Benzoin Condensation: A Kinetic Monitoring at the Oil-Water Interface. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201703107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Singh
- Department of Chemistry; Banaras Hindu University; 221005 India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; Homi Bhabha Road Pune-411 008 India
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23
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Hikawa H, Ichinose R, Kikkawa S, Azumaya I. Palladium-Catalyzed Dehydrogenation of Benzyl Alcohols for Construction of 2-Arylbenzimidazoles “On Water”. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201700618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hidemasa Hikawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Toho University; 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi Chiba 274-8510 Japan
| | - Risa Ichinose
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Toho University; 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi Chiba 274-8510 Japan
| | - Shoko Kikkawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Toho University; 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi Chiba 274-8510 Japan
| | - Isao Azumaya
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Toho University; 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi Chiba 274-8510 Japan
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24
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Kitanosono T, Masuda K, Xu P, Kobayashi S. Catalytic Organic Reactions in Water toward Sustainable Society. Chem Rev 2017; 118:679-746. [PMID: 29218984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Traditional organic synthesis relies heavily on organic solvents for a multitude of tasks, including dissolving the components and facilitating chemical reactions, because many reagents and reactive species are incompatible or immiscible with water. Given that they are used in vast quantities as compared to reactants, solvents have been the focus of environmental concerns. Along with reducing the environmental impact of organic synthesis, the use of water as a reaction medium also benefits chemical processes by simplifying operations, allowing mild reaction conditions, and sometimes delivering unforeseen reactivities and selectivities. After the "watershed" in organic synthesis revealed the importance of water, the development of water-compatible catalysts has flourished, triggering a quantum leap in water-centered organic synthesis. Given that organic compounds are typically practically insoluble in water, simple extractive workup can readily separate a water-soluble homogeneous catalyst as an aqueous solution from a product that is soluble in organic solvents. In contrast, the use of heterogeneous catalysts facilitates catalyst recycling by allowing simple centrifugation and filtration methods to be used. This Review addresses advances over the past decade in catalytic reactions using water as a reaction medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Kitanosono
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo , Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Koichiro Masuda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo , Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Pengyu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo , Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shu Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo , Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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25
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Acceleration of Batch-type Heterogeneous Ligand-free Suzuki-Miyaura Reactions with Polymer Composite Supported Pd Catalyst. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7006. [PMID: 28765564 PMCID: PMC5539156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06499-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient and recyclable palladium (II) catalyst supported on a double-structured amphiphilic polymer composite was reported previously containing a polymer hydrogel within macroporous polystyrene (PS) microspheres. However, some critical questions have been unaddressed. First, the catalyst accelerated the heterogeneous ligand-free batch Suzuki-Miyaura reaction in a H2O/EtOH mixture solution at room temperature in the presence of air, which could be ascribed to the "on-water" effect taking place at the interface of the aqueous-organic and basic-aqueous phases created by sodium carbonate in H2O/EtOH. To this acceleration, the double-structured amphiphilic polymer composite can also contribute by providing hydrogels inside the macroporous PS that served as a microreactor. This microreactor allowed the reactions to quickly proceed across the two immiscible (i.e. aqueous-organic and basic-aqueous) phases. Moreover, hydrogels containing hydroxyl groups can also serve as phase-transfer catalysts (PTC) to promote the Suzuki reaction. Second, the deactivated catalyst recovered its initial catalytic activity after overnight air exposure. This observation indicates the importance of oxygen in the activation/deactivation of Pd metals, as determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements which revealed different Pd oxidation states with various morphologies before and after Suzuki reactions.
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26
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Dilauro G, Dell'Aera M, Vitale P, Capriati V, Perna FM. Unprecedented Nucleophilic Additions of Highly Polar Organometallic Compounds to Imines and Nitriles Using Water as a Non-Innocent Reaction Medium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201705412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Dilauro
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco; Università di Bari “A. Moro”; Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S.; Via E. Orabona 4 I-70125 Bari Italy
| | - Marzia Dell'Aera
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco; Università di Bari “A. Moro”; Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S.; Via E. Orabona 4 I-70125 Bari Italy
| | - Paola Vitale
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco; Università di Bari “A. Moro”; Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S.; Via E. Orabona 4 I-70125 Bari Italy
| | - Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco; Università di Bari “A. Moro”; Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S.; Via E. Orabona 4 I-70125 Bari Italy
| | - Filippo Maria Perna
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco; Università di Bari “A. Moro”; Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S.; Via E. Orabona 4 I-70125 Bari Italy
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27
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Dilauro G, Dell'Aera M, Vitale P, Capriati V, Perna FM. Unprecedented Nucleophilic Additions of Highly Polar Organometallic Compounds to Imines and Nitriles Using Water as a Non-Innocent Reaction Medium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:10200-10203. [PMID: 28695616 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to classic methods carried out under inert atmospheres with dry volatile organic solvents and often low temperatures, the addition of highly polar organometallic compounds to non-activated imines and nitriles proceeds quickly, efficiently, and chemoselectively with a broad range of substrates at room temperature and under air with water as the only reaction medium. Secondary amines and tertiary carbinamines are furnished in yields of up to and over 99 %. The significant solvent D/H isotope effect observed for the on-water nucleophilic additions of organolithium compounds to imines suggests that the on-water catalysis arises from proton transfer across the organic-water interface. The strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds between water molecules may play a key role in disfavoring protonolysis, which occurs extensively in other protic media such as methanol. This work lays the foundation for reshaping many fundamental s-block metal-mediated organic transformations in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Dilauro
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "A. Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Marzia Dell'Aera
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "A. Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Vitale
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "A. Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "A. Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Filippo Maria Perna
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "A. Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy
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28
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Hydrophobic acceleration in the Diels—Alder reaction of 9-hydroxymethylanthracene with N-phenylmaleimide. Russ Chem Bull 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-016-1568-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Kiselev VD, Kornilov DA, Sedov IA, Konovalov AI. Solvent Influence on the Diels-Alder Reaction Rates of 9-(Hydroxymethyl)anthracene and 9,10-Bis(hydroxymethyl)anthracene with Two Maleimides. INT J CHEM KINET 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir D. Kiselev
- Butlerov Institute of Chemistry; Kazan Federal University; Kazan 420008 Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry A. Kornilov
- Butlerov Institute of Chemistry; Kazan Federal University; Kazan 420008 Russian Federation
| | - Igor A. Sedov
- Butlerov Institute of Chemistry; Kazan Federal University; Kazan 420008 Russian Federation
| | - Alexander I. Konovalov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry; Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Kazan 420088 Russian Federation
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30
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Liu Y, Ren WM, He KK, Zhang WZ, Li WB, Wang M, Lu XB. CO2-Mediated Formation of Chiral Carbamates from meso-Epoxides via Polycarbonate Intermediates. J Org Chem 2016; 81:8959-8966. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- State Key
Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wei-Min Ren
- State Key
Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ke-Ke He
- State Key
Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wen-Zhen Zhang
- State Key
Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wen-Bing Li
- State Key
Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Meng Wang
- State Key
Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Lu
- State Key
Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
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31
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Ramamurthy V, Sivaguru J. Supramolecular Photochemistry as a Potential Synthetic Tool: Photocycloaddition. Chem Rev 2016; 116:9914-93. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jayaraman Sivaguru
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108-6050, United States
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32
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A Serendipitous Synthesis of 11a-Hydroxy-11,11a-dihydrobenzo[e]indeno[2,1-b][1,4]diazepine-10,12-dione Derivatives by Condensation of 2-Aminobenzamides with Ninhydrin in Water. J Org Chem 2016; 81:1689-95. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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33
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Duan L, Fu R, Zhang B, Shi W, Chen S, Wan Y. An Efficient Reusable Mesoporous Solid-Based Pd Catalyst for Selective C2 Arylation of Indoles in Water. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b02147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Duan
- Key
Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Department
of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rao Fu
- Key
Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Department
of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingsen Zhang
- Shenyang
National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Shi
- Shenyang
National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shangjun Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Department
of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Wan
- Key
Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Department
of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, People’s Republic of China
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34
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Butler RN, Coyne AG. Organic synthesis reactions on-water at the organic–liquid water interface. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:9945-9960. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01724j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Organic synthesis on-water has shown surprising successful synthetic methods. This review discusses the array of chemistry, which has been adapted with this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony G. Coyne
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB2 1EW
- UK
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35
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Guo D, Zhu D, Zhou X, Zheng B. Accelerating the "On Water" Reaction: By Organic-Water Interface or By Hydrodynamic Effects? LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:13759-63. [PMID: 26624935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of organic reactions proceed dramatically faster in a heterogeneous mixture of the reactants and water than in a homogeneous mixture. Currently it is unclear whether the rate acceleration is due to the free OH groups at the organic-water interface, or due to the hydrodynamic effects caused by vigorous stirring, vortexing, or ultrasonication. Herein we produced static droplets in microfluidic devices to answer this question. In the work, a series of organic droplets containing diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD) and quadricyclane surrounded by water were produced, which were transferred to and confined in glass capillaries to minimize the hydrodynamic effects. The cycloaddition process of DEAD with quadricyclane was recorded by a CCD camera. The results showed the reaction proceeded in three steps, and the organic-water interface alone was catalytically efficient enough to enhance the reaction rate to the same level as in the bulk emulsion reaction, indicating that the hydrodynamic effects were negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dameng Guo
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, The People's Republic of China
| | - Deyong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, The People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, The People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, The People's Republic of China
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36
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Muthusamy S, Ramkumar R. ‘On-water’ generation of carbonyl ylides from diazoamides: rhodium(II) catalyzed synthesis of spiroindolo-oxiranes and -dioxolanes with an interesting diastereoselectivity. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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37
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Zhang FZ, Tian Y, Li GX, Qu J. Intramolecular etherification and polyene cyclization of π-activated alcohols promoted by hot water. J Org Chem 2015; 80:1107-15. [PMID: 25525716 DOI: 10.1021/jo502636d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Hot water, acting as a mildly acidic catalyst, efficiently promoted intramolecular direct nucleophilic substitution reactions of unsaturated alcohols with heteroatom or carbon nucleophiles. In a mixed solvent of water and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP), polyene cyclizations using allylic alcohols as initiators gave the desired cyclized products, and in neat HFIP, a tricyclization reaction gave a tetracyclic product in 51% chemical yield.
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38
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Cao S, Zhong S, Hu C, Wan JP, Wen C. An Environmentally Benign Catalytic Method for Versatile Synthesis of 1,4-Dihydropyridines via Multicomponent Reactions. CHINESE J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201500195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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39
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Butler RN, Coyne AG. Understanding “On-Water” Catalysis of Organic Reactions. Effects of H+ and Li+ Ions in the Aqueous Phase and Nonreacting Competitor H-Bond Acceptors in the Organic Phase: On H2O versus on D2O for Huisgen Cycloadditions. J Org Chem 2015; 80:1809-17. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502732y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard N. Butler
- School
of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Anthony G. Coyne
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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