1
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Jansen-van Vuuren RD, Liu S, Miah MAJ, Cerkovnik J, Košmrlj J, Snieckus V. The Versatile and Strategic O-Carbamate Directed Metalation Group in the Synthesis of Aromatic Molecules: An Update. Chem Rev 2024; 124:7731-7828. [PMID: 38864673 PMCID: PMC11212060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The aryl O-carbamate (ArOAm) group is among the strongest of the directed metalation groups (DMGs) in directed ortho metalation (DoM) chemistry, especially in the form Ar-OCONEt2. Since the last comprehensive review of metalation chemistry involving ArOAms (published more than 30 years ago), the field has expanded significantly. For example, it now encompasses new substrates, solvent systems, and metalating agents, while conditions have been developed enabling metalation of ArOAm to be conducted in a green and sustainable manner. The ArOAm group has also proven to be effective in the anionic ortho-Fries (AoF) rearrangement, Directed remote metalation (DreM), iterative DoM sequences, and DoM-halogen dance (HalD) synthetic strategies and has been transformed into a diverse range of functionalities and coupled with various groups through a range of cross-coupling (CC) strategies. Of ultimate value, the ArOAm group has demonstrated utility in the synthesis of a diverse range of bioactive and polycyclic aromatic compounds for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross D. Jansen-van Vuuren
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Chernoff Hall, 9 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7K 2N1, Canada
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Susana Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Chernoff Hall, 9 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7K 2N1, Canada
| | - M. A. Jalil Miah
- Department
of Chemistry, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Janez Cerkovnik
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Košmrlj
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Victor Snieckus
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Chernoff Hall, 9 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7K 2N1, Canada
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2
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Rai V, Gerhard L, Balzer N, Valášek M, Holzer C, Yang L, Wegener M, Rockstuhl C, Mayor M, Wulfhekel W. Activating Electroluminescence of Charged Naphthalene Diimide Complexes Directly Adsorbed on a Metal Substrate. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:036201. [PMID: 36763403 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.036201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Electroluminescence from single molecules adsorbed on a conducting surface imposes conflicting demands for the molecule-electrode coupling. To conduct electrons, the molecular orbitals need to be hybridized with the electrodes. To emit light, they need to be decoupled from the electrodes to prevent fluorescence quenching. Here, we show that fully quenched 2,6-core-substituted naphthalene diimide derivative in a self-assembled monolayer directly deposited on a Au(111) surface can be activated with the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope to decouple the relevant frontier orbitals from the metallic substrate. In this way, individual molecules can be driven from a strongly hybridized state with quenched luminescence to a light-emitting state. The emission performance compares in terms of quantum efficiency, stability, and reproducibility to that of single molecules deposited on thin insulating layers. Quantum chemical calculations suggest that the emitted light originates from the singly charged cationic pair of the molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibhuti Rai
- Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Lukas Gerhard
- Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Nico Balzer
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Michal Valášek
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christof Holzer
- Institute of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Liang Yang
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Martin Wegener
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Carsten Rockstuhl
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johannsring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Xingang West Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wulf Wulfhekel
- Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
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3
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Ozcelik A, Aranda D, Pereira-Cameselle R, Talavera M, Covelo B, Santoro F, Peña-Gallego Á, Alonso-Gómez JL. ON/OFF Spiroconjugation through Peripheral Functionalization: Impact on the Reactivity and Chiroptical Properties of Spirobifluorenes. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202100554. [PMID: 35415974 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Spirobifluorenes are an important class of spiro compounds frequently used in the field of organic electronics. However, harnessing spiroconjugation to obtain high-performance in such structural motifs remains unexplored. We herein propose that peripheral functionalization may serve as a useful tool to control spiroconjugation in an ON/OFF manner on both chemical reactivity and photophysical properties. In particular, the ratio of mono- and di-functionalized spirobifluorenes found experimentally during their synthesis were found to be 3/2, 7/2, and 12/2 for phenyl, nitro-phenyl and amino-phenyl analogues, respectively. These remarkable reactivity differences correlate with the spiroconjugation character evaluated theoretically at the CAM-B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level of theory. Additionally, comparison of experimental and predicted optical and chiroptical responses shows that spiroconjugated molecular orbitals have a significant or negligible involvement on the main electronic transitions depending on the peripheral functionality of the spirobifluorene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ani Ozcelik
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Vigo, Campus Universitario, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Daniel Aranda
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - María Talavera
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Berta Covelo
- CACTI (Centro de Apoyo Científico-Tecnológico a la Investigación), Universidad de Vigo, Campus Universitario, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Fabrizio Santoro
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ángeles Peña-Gallego
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Vigo, Campus Universitario, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - J Lorenzo Alonso-Gómez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Vigo, Campus Universitario, 36310, Vigo, Spain
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4
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Ozcelik A, Pereira R, Peña-Gallego Á, Alonso Gómez JL. A Tetracyanobutadiene Spirobifluorene: Synthesis, Enantiomeric Resolution and Chiroptical Properties. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ani Ozcelik
- University of Vigo - Lagoas Marcosende Campus: Universidade de Vigo Organic Chemistry SPAIN
| | - Raquel Pereira
- University of Vigo - Lagoas Marcosende Campus: Universidade de Vigo Organic Chemistry SPAIN
| | - Ángeles Peña-Gallego
- University of Vigo - Lagoas Marcosende Campus: Universidade de Vigo Physical Chemistry SPAIN
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5
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Parr JM, Olivar C, Saal T, Haiges R, Inkpen MS. Pushing steric limits in osmium(IV) tetraaryl complexes. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:10558-10570. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01706g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Investigations into the reactivity, properties, and applications of osmium(IV) tetraaryl complexes have been hampered by their low yielding syntheses from volatile and toxic OsO4 (typically ≤34%). Here we show that...
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6
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Balzer N, Lukášek J, Valášek M, Rai V, Sun Q, Gerhard L, Wulfhekel W, Mayor M. Synthesis and Surface Behaviour of NDI Chromophores Mounted on a Tripodal Scaffold: Towards Self-Decoupled Chromophores for Single-Molecule Electroluminescence. Chemistry 2021; 27:12144-12155. [PMID: 34152041 PMCID: PMC8457086 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the efficient synthesis, absorption and emission spectra, and the electrochemical properties of a series of 2,6-disubstituted naphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxdiimide (NDI) tripodal molecules with thioacetate anchors for their surface investigations. Our studies showed that, in particular, the pyrrolidinyl group with its strong electron-donating properties enhanced the fluorescence of such core-substituted NDI chromophores and caused a significant bathochromic shift in the absorption spectrum with a correspondingly narrowed bandgap of 1.94 eV. Cyclic voltammetry showed the redox properties of NDIs to be influenced by core substituents. The strong electron-donating character of pyrrolidine substituents results in rather high HOMO and LUMO levels of -5.31 and -3.37 eV when compared with the parental unsubstituted NDI. UHV-STM measurements of a sub-monolayer of the rigid tripodal NDI chromophores spray deposited on Au(111) show that these molecules mainly tend to adsorb flat in a pairwise fashion on the surface and form unordered films. However, the STML experiments also revealed a few molecular clusters, which might consist of upright oriented molecules protruding from the molecular island and show electroluminescence photon spectra with high electroluminescence yields of up to 6×10-3 . These results demonstrate the promising potential of the NDI tripodal chromophores for the fabrication of molecular devices profiting from optical features of the molecular layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Balzer
- Institute of NanotechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyP.O. Box 364076021KarlsruheGermany
| | - Jan Lukášek
- Institute of NanotechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyP.O. Box 364076021KarlsruheGermany
| | - Michal Valášek
- Institute of NanotechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyP.O. Box 364076021KarlsruheGermany
| | - Vibhuti Rai
- Institute of Quantum Materials and TechnologiesKarlsruhe Institute of Technology76021KarlsruheGermany
| | - Qing Sun
- Institute of Quantum Materials and TechnologiesKarlsruhe Institute of Technology76021KarlsruheGermany
| | - Lukas Gerhard
- Institute of Quantum Materials and TechnologiesKarlsruhe Institute of Technology76021KarlsruheGermany
| | - Wulf Wulfhekel
- Institute of Quantum Materials and TechnologiesKarlsruhe Institute of Technology76021KarlsruheGermany
- Physikalisches InstitutKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyWolfgang-Gaede-Straße 176131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Institute of NanotechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyP.O. Box 364076021KarlsruheGermany
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselSt. Johanns-Ring 194056BaselSwitzerland
- Lehn Institute of Functional MaterialsSchool of ChemistrySun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong510275P. R. China
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7
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Frauhammer T, Gerhard L, Edelmann K, Lindner M, Valášek M, Mayor M, Wulfhekel W. Addressing a lattice of rotatable molecular dipoles with the electric field of an STM tip. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:4874-4881. [PMID: 33616122 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06146h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Functional molecular groups mounted on specific foot structures are ideal model systems to study intermolecular interactions, due to the possibility to separate the functionality and the adsorption mechanism. Here, we report on the rotational switching of a thioacetate group mounted on a tripodal tetraphenylmethane (TPM) derivative adsorbed in ordered islands on a Au(111) surface. Using low temperature scanning tunnelling microscopy, individual freestanding molecular groups of the lattice can be switched between two bistable orientations. The functional dependence of this rotational switching on the sample bias and tip-sample distance allows us to model the energy landscape of this molecular group as an electric dipole in the electric field of the tunnelling junction. As expected for the interaction of two dipoles, we found states of neighbouring molecules to be correlated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Frauhammer
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. and Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lukas Gerhard
- Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kevin Edelmann
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. and Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marcin Lindner
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Michal Valášek
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. and Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johannsring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland and Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), 510275 Guangzhou, China.
| | - Wulf Wulfhekel
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. and Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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8
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Ozcelik A, Pereira-Cameselle R, Alonso-Gómez JL. From Allenes to Spirobifluorenes: On the Way to Device-compatible Chiroptical Systems. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824999201013164534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The last decade has seen a huge growth in the construction of chiral systems to
expand the scope of chiroptical applications. Dependence of chiroptical response on molecular
conformation typically leads to low chiroptical intensities of chiral systems that feature
several conformations in solution. In this respect, allenes were employed for the preparation
of open and cyclic oligomers as well as molecular cages, presenting remarkable chiroptical
responses in solution. Their molecular chirality was also transferred to metal surfaces, yet
photoisomerization of allenes limited their further exploration. In search of a more robust
chiral axis, theoretical and experimental studies confirmed that spirobifluorenes could give
rise to stable systems with tailored optical and chiroptical properties. Additionally, incorporating
a conformational lock into spirobifluorene cyclic architectures served as an efficient
strategy towards the generation of distinct helical molecular orbitals. This review article outlines our results on developing
device-compatible chiroptical systems through axially chiral allenes and spirobifluorenes. The contribution
from other research groups is presented briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ani Ozcelik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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9
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O'Driscoll LJ, Wang X, Jay M, Batsanov AS, Sadeghi H, Lambert CJ, Robinson BJ, Bryce MR. Carbazole-Based Tetrapodal Anchor Groups for Gold Surfaces: Synthesis and Conductance Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:882-889. [PMID: 31714641 PMCID: PMC7027450 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As the field of molecular-scale electronics matures and the prospect of devices incorporating molecular wires becomes more feasible, it is necessary to progress from the simple anchor groups used in fundamental conductance studies to more elaborate anchors designed with device stability in mind. This study presents a series of oligo(phenylene-ethynylene) wires with one tetrapodal anchor and a phenyl or pyridyl head group. The new anchors are designed to bind strongly to gold surfaces without disrupting the conductance pathway of the wires. Conductive probe atomic force microscopy (cAFM) was used to determine the conductance of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of the wires in Au-SAM-Pt and Au-SAM-graphene junctions, from which the conductance per molecule was derived. For tolane-type wires, mean conductances per molecule of up to 10-4.37 G0 (Pt) and 10-3.78 G0 (graphene) were measured, despite limited electronic coupling to the Au electrode, demonstrating the potential of this approach. Computational studies of the surface binding geometry and transport properties rationalise and support the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J. O'Driscoll
- Department of ChemistryDurham University, Lower MountjoyStockton RoadDurhamDH1 3LEUK
| | - Xintai Wang
- Physics DepartmentLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YBUK
| | - Michael Jay
- Physics DepartmentLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YBUK
| | - Andrei S. Batsanov
- Department of ChemistryDurham University, Lower MountjoyStockton RoadDurhamDH1 3LEUK
| | - Hatef Sadeghi
- Physics DepartmentLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YBUK
- School of EngineeringUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
| | | | | | - Martin R. Bryce
- Department of ChemistryDurham University, Lower MountjoyStockton RoadDurhamDH1 3LEUK
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10
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O'Driscoll LJ, Wang X, Jay M, Batsanov AS, Sadeghi H, Lambert CJ, Robinson BJ, Bryce MR. Carbazole‐Based Tetrapodal Anchor Groups for Gold Surfaces: Synthesis and Conductance Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luke J. O'Driscoll
- Department of ChemistryDurham University, Lower Mountjoy Stockton Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Xintai Wang
- Physics DepartmentLancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
| | - Michael Jay
- Physics DepartmentLancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
| | - Andrei S. Batsanov
- Department of ChemistryDurham University, Lower Mountjoy Stockton Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Hatef Sadeghi
- Physics DepartmentLancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
- School of EngineeringUniversity of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | | | | | - Martin R. Bryce
- Department of ChemistryDurham University, Lower Mountjoy Stockton Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
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11
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Li ZQ, Tang JH, Zhong YW. Multidentate Anchors for Surface Functionalization. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:3119-3126. [PMID: 31389657 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The bottom-up functionalization of solid surfaces shows increasing importance for a wide range of interdisciplinary applications. Multidentate anchors with more than two contact points can bind to solid surfaces with strong chemisorption, well-defined upright configuration, and tailored functionality. The surface functionalization using multidentate anchors with three (tripodal), four (quadripodal), or more binding points is summarized herein, with a focus on those beyond classical tripodal anchors. In particular, the molecular design on how to achieve multisite interaction between anchor and substrate and the introduction of functional groups to thin films are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Qiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2 Bei Yi Jie, Zhong Guan Cun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jian-Hong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2 Bei Yi Jie, Zhong Guan Cun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2 Bei Yi Jie, Zhong Guan Cun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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12
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Šebera J, Lindner M, Gasior J, Mészáros G, Fuhr O, Mayor M, Valášek M, Kolivoška V, Hromadová M. Tuning the contact conductance of anchoring groups in single molecule junctions by molecular design. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:12959-12964. [PMID: 31259338 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr04071d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A tetraphenylmethane tripod functionalized with three thiol moieties in the para position can serve as a supporting platform for functional molecular electronic elements. A combined experimental scanning tunneling microscopy break junction technique with theoretical approaches based on density functional theory and non-equilibrium Green's function formalism was used for detailed charge transport analysis to find configurations, geometries and charge transport pathways in the molecular junctions of single molecule oligo-1,4-phenylene conductors containing this tripodal anchoring group. The effect of molecular length (n = 1 to 4 repeating phenylene units) on the charge transport properties and junction configurations is addressed. The number of covalent attachments between the electrode and the tripodal platform changes with n affecting the contact conductance of the junction. The longest homologue n = 4 adopts an upright configuration with all three para thiolate moieties of the tripod attached to the gold electrode. The contact conductance of the tetraphenylmethane tripod substituted by thiols in the para position is higher than that substituted in the meta position. Such molecular arrangement is highly conducting and allows well-defined directional positioning of a variety of functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Šebera
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Marcin Lindner
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology, P. O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Jindřich Gasior
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Gábor Mészáros
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, HAS, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Olaf Fuhr
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology, P. O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology, P. O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. and Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michal Valášek
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology, P. O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Viliam Kolivoška
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Magdaléna Hromadová
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic.
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13
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Enhanced Separation Concept (ESC): Removing the Functional Subunit from the Electrode by Molecular Design. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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14
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Homberg J, Lindner M, Gerhard L, Edelmann K, Frauhammer T, Nahas Y, Valášek M, Mayor M, Wulfhekel W. Six state molecular revolver mounted on a rigid platform. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:9015-9022. [PMID: 31020977 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr00259f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The rotation of entire molecules or large moieties happens at 100 ps time scales and the transition process itself is experimentally inaccessible to scanning probe techniques. However, the reversible switching of a molecule between more than two metastable states allows to assign a rotational switching direction. Rotational switching is a phenomenon that is particularly interesting with regard to possible applications in molecular motors. In this work, single tetraphenylmethane molecules deposited on a Au(111) surface were studied in a low temperature scanning tunneling microscope (STM). These molecules comprise rotational axes mounted on a tripodal sulfur-anchored stand and with the STM tip, we were able to induce transitions between six rotational states of the molecular motif. We were able to identify critical parameters for the onset of rotational switching and to characterize the influence of the local environment. The subtle difference between fcc and hcp stacking and the rotational state of neighboring molecules clearly influence the population of the rotational states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Homberg
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
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15
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Liu X, Zhang Y, Fei X, Fung M, Fan J. Dispirocycles: Platforms for the Construction of High‐Performance Host Materials for Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes. Chemistry 2019; 25:6788-6796. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang‐Yang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of, Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Yi‐Jie Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of, Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Xiyu Fei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of, Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Man‐Keung Fung
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of, Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Jian Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of, Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
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16
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Ishiwari F, Nascimbeni G, Sauter E, Tago H, Shoji Y, Fujii S, Kiguchi M, Tada T, Zharnikov M, Zojer E, Fukushima T. Triptycene Tripods for the Formation of Highly Uniform and Densely Packed Self-Assembled Monolayers with Controlled Molecular Orientation. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:5995-6005. [PMID: 30869881 PMCID: PMC6483319 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b00950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
![]()
When
employing self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) for tuning surface
and interface properties, organic molecules that enable strong binding
to the substrate, large-area structural uniformity, precise alignment
of functional groups, and control of their density are highly desirable.
To achieve these goals, tripod systems bearing multiple bonding sites
have been developed as an alternative to conventional monodentate
systems. Bonding of all three sites has, however, hardly been achieved,
with the consequence that structural uniformity and orientational
order in tripodal SAMs are usually quite poor. To overcome that problem,
we designed 1,8,13-trimercaptomethyltriptycene (T1) and
1,8,13-trimercaptotriptycene (T2) as potential tripodal
SAM precursors and investigated their adsorption behavior on Au(111)
combining several advanced experimental techniques and state-of-the-art
theoretical simulations. Both SAMs adopt dense, nested hexagonal structures
but differ in their adsorption configurations and structural uniformity.
While the T2-based SAM exhibits a low degree of order
and noticeable deviation from the desired tripodal anchoring, all
three anchoring groups of T1 are equally bonded to the
surface as thiolates, resulting in an almost upright orientation of
the benzene rings and large-area structural uniformity. These superior
properties are attributed to the effect of conformationally flexible
methylene linkers at the anchoring groups, absent in the case of T2. Both SAMs display interesting electronic properties, and,
bearing in mind that the triptycene framework can be functionalized
by tail groups in various positions and with high degree of alignment,
especially T1 appears as an ideal docking platform for
complex and highly functional molecular films.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulia Nascimbeni
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz , Graz University of Technology , Petersgasse 16 , Graz 8010 , Austria
| | - Eric Sauter
- Applied Physical Chemistry , Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 253 , Heidelberg 69120 , Germany
| | | | | | - Shintaro Fujii
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , Meguro , Tokyo 152-8551 , Japan
| | - Manabu Kiguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , Meguro , Tokyo 152-8551 , Japan
| | | | - Michael Zharnikov
- Applied Physical Chemistry , Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 253 , Heidelberg 69120 , Germany
| | - Egbert Zojer
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz , Graz University of Technology , Petersgasse 16 , Graz 8010 , Austria
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17
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Kolivoška V, Šebera J, Sebechlebská T, Lindner M, Gasior J, Mészáros G, Mayor M, Valášek M, Hromadová M. Probabilistic mapping of single molecule junction configurations as a tool to achieve the desired geometry of asymmetric tripodal molecules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:3351-3354. [PMID: 30815643 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09681c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Four molecules containing identical tripodal anchors and p-oligophenylene molecular wires of increasing length were used to demonstrate tuning of the asymmetric molecular junction to the desired geometry by probabilistic mapping of single molecule junction configurations in a scanning tunnelling microscopy break junction experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viliam Kolivoška
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic.
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18
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Transition-Metal-Free C(sp³)⁻H Oxidation of Diarylmethanes. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081922. [PMID: 30071657 PMCID: PMC6222647 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient direct C(sp3)–H oxidation of diarylmethanes has been demonstrated by this study. This method employs environment-friendly O2 as an oxidant and is promoted by commercially available MN(SiMe3)2 [M = K, Na or Li], which provides a facile method for the synthesis of various diaryl ketones in excellent yields. This protocol is metal-free, mild and compatible with a number of functional groups on substrates.
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19
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Investigation of the geometrical arrangement and single molecule charge transport in self-assembled monolayers of molecular towers based on tetraphenylmethane tripod. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.11.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Valášek M, Mayor M. Spatial and Lateral Control of Functionality by Rigid Molecular Platforms. Chemistry 2017; 23:13538-13548. [PMID: 28766790 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Surface mounted molecular devices have received significant attention in the scientific community because of their unique ability to construct functional materials. The key involves the platform on which the molecular device works on solid substrates, such as in solid-liquid or solid-vacuum interfaces. Here, we outline the concept of rigid molecular platforms to immobilize active functionality atop flat surfaces in a controllable manner. Most of these (multipodal) platforms have at least three anchoring groups to control the spatial arrangement of the protruding functional moieties and form mechanically stable and electronically tuned contacts to the underlying substrate. Another approach is based on employing of flat aromatic scaffolds bearing perpendicular functionalities that form stable lateral assemblies on various surfaces. Emphasis is placed on the need for controllable assembly and separation of these tailor-made molecules that expose functionalities at the molecular scale. The discussions are focused on the different molecular designs realizing functional 3D architectures on surfaces, the role of various anchoring strategies to control the spatial arrangement, and structural considerations controlling physical features like the coupling to the surface or the available space for sterically demanding molecular operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Valášek
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Xingang Rd. W., Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johannsring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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21
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Lindner M, Valášek M, Mayor M, Frauhammer T, Wulfhekel W, Gerhard L. Molekulares Kästchenpapier. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Lindner
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, INT, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Michal Valášek
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, INT, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, INT, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- Departement Chemie; Universität Basel; St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Schweiz
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials; LIFM, Sun Yat-Sen University, SYSU; Guangzhou V.R. China
| | - Timo Frauhammer
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, INT, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Wulf Wulfhekel
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, INT, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Lukas Gerhard
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, INT, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Deutschland
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22
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Lindner M, Valášek M, Mayor M, Frauhammer T, Wulfhekel W, Gerhard L. Molecular Graph Paper. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8290-8294. [PMID: 28544167 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We present a self-assembled template that consists of tetraphenylmethane derivatives and adopts a periodic lateral arrangement on a Au(111) surface with acetyl groups sticking out of the molecular film. By using the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope, these acetyl groups can be removed in a spatially controlled way without significantly affecting the remaining molecular assembly. The chemically modified molecules can be readily distinguished from the original ones such that information can be engraved in the molecular film. Both the modified nature of an individual molecule and the order of the molecular film are shown to persist at room temperature. The mesh size of this molecular graph paper can be tuned by varying the length of the molecular spacer so that writing and reading information on the nanoscale with variable letter sizes becomes possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Lindner
- Institute of Nanotechnology, INT, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michal Valášek
- Institute of Nanotechnology, INT, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Institute of Nanotechnology, INT, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.,Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, LIFM, Sun Yat-Sen University, SYSU, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Timo Frauhammer
- Institute of Nanotechnology, INT, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, Wolfgang-Gaede-Strasse 1, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Wulf Wulfhekel
- Institute of Nanotechnology, INT, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, Wolfgang-Gaede-Strasse 1, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lukas Gerhard
- Institute of Nanotechnology, INT, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
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23
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Gerhard L, Edelmann K, Homberg J, Valášek M, Bahoosh SG, Lukas M, Pauly F, Mayor M, Wulfhekel W. An electrically actuated molecular toggle switch. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14672. [PMID: 28276442 PMCID: PMC5347093 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular electronics is considered a promising approach for future nanoelectronic devices. In order that molecular junctions can be used as electrical switches or even memory devices, they need to be actuated between two distinct conductance states in a controlled and reproducible manner by external stimuli. Here we present a tripodal platform with a cantilever arm and a nitrile group at its end that is lifted from the surface. The formation of a coordinative bond between the nitrile nitrogen and the gold tip of a scanning tunnelling microscope can be controlled by both electrical and mechanical means, and leads to a hysteretic switching of the conductance of the junction by more than two orders of magnitude. This toggle switch can be actuated with high reproducibility so that the forces involved in the mechanical deformation of the molecular cantilever can be determined precisely with scanning tunnelling microscopy. Robust molecular junctions demand highly reproducible switching between two or more well-defined conductance states upon control. Here, Gerhard et al. show the utility of elastic deformation of tripodal spirobifluorene derivatives in the junction of a scanning tunnelling microscope to achieve this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Gerhard
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Kevin Edelmann
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jan Homberg
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Michal Valášek
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Safa G Bahoosh
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Maya Lukas
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Fabian Pauly
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.,Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wulf Wulfhekel
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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24
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Maity A, Sarkar A, Sil A, B. N. SB, Patra SK. Synthesis, photophysical and concentration-dependent tunable lasing behavior of 2,6-diacetylenyl-functionalized BODIPY dyes. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj03033e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Extended π-conjugation through the 2- and 6-positions of the BODIPY core induces tunable yellow-red lasing with excellent efficiency of up to 41% in toluene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurba Maity
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Anirban Sarkar
- Department of Physics
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Amit Sil
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | | | - Sanjib K. Patra
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
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25
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Operamolla A, Punzi A, Farinola GM. Synthetic Routes to Thiol-Functionalized Organic Semiconductors for Molecular and Organic Electronics. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201600460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Operamolla
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro; Via Orabona 4 70126 Bari Italy
- CNR-ICCOM Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici; Via Orabona 4 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Angela Punzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro; Via Orabona 4 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Gianluca M. Farinola
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro; Via Orabona 4 70126 Bari Italy
- CNR-ICCOM Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici; Via Orabona 4 70126 Bari Italy
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26
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Lindner M, Valášek M, Homberg J, Edelmann K, Gerhard L, Wulfhekel W, Fuhr O, Wächter T, Zharnikov M, Kolivoška V, Pospíšil L, Mészáros G, Hromadová M, Mayor M. Importance of the Anchor Group Position (ParaversusMeta) in Tetraphenylmethane Tripods: Synthesis and Self-Assembly Features. Chemistry 2016; 22:13218-35. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Lindner
- Institute of Nanotechnology; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); P. O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Michal Valášek
- Institute of Nanotechnology; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); P. O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Jan Homberg
- Institute of Nanotechnology; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); P. O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Kevin Edelmann
- Institute of Nanotechnology; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); P. O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Lukas Gerhard
- Institute of Nanotechnology; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); P. O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Wulf Wulfhekel
- Institute of Nanotechnology; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); P. O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Olaf Fuhr
- Institute of Nanotechnology; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); P. O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Tobias Wächter
- Applied Physical Chemistry; Heidelberg University; Im Neuenheimer Feld 253 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Michael Zharnikov
- Applied Physical Chemistry; Heidelberg University; Im Neuenheimer Feld 253 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Viliam Kolivoška
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of ASCR v.v.i.; Dolejškova 3 182 23 Prague 8 Czech Republic
| | - Lubomír Pospíšil
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of ASCR v.v.i.; Dolejškova 3 182 23 Prague 8 Czech Republic
| | - Gábor Mészáros
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, HAS; Magyar tudósok krt. 2 1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - Magdaléna Hromadová
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of ASCR v.v.i.; Dolejškova 3 182 23 Prague 8 Czech Republic
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Institute of Nanotechnology; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); P. O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM); Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU); XinGangXi Rd. 135 510275 Guangzhou P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; St. Johannsring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
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27
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Karimi MA, Bahoosh SG, Valášek M, Bürkle M, Mayor M, Pauly F, Scheer E. Identification of the current path for a conductive molecular wire on a tripodal platform. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:10582-10590. [PMID: 27163116 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08708b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present the chemical synthesis as well as charge transport measurements and calculations for a new tripodal platform based on a rigid 9,9'-spirobifluorene equipped with a phenylene-ethynylene wire. The transport experiments are performed with the help of the low-temperature mechanically controlled break junction technique with gold electrodes. By combining experimental and theoretical investigations of elastic and inelastic charge transport, we show that the current proceeds through the designated molecular wire and identify a binding geometry that is compatible with the experimental observations. The conductive molecular wire on the platform features a well-defined and relatively high conductance of the order of 10(-3)G0 despite the length of the current path of more than 1.7 nm, demonstrating that this platform is suitable to incorporate functional units like molecular switches or sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Karimi
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - S G Bahoosh
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - M Valášek
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Bürkle
- Nanosystem Research Institute (NRI) 'RICS', National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - M Mayor
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany and Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland and Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Xingang Rd. W., Guangzhou, China
| | - F Pauly
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - E Scheer
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
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28
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Valášek M, Lindner M, Mayor M. Rigid multipodal platforms for metal surfaces. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 7:374-405. [PMID: 27335731 PMCID: PMC4901557 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.7.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this review the recent progress in molecular platforms that form rigid and well-defined contact to a metal surface are discussed. Most of the presented examples have at least three anchoring units in order to control the spatial arrangement of the protruding molecular subunit. Another interesting feature is the lateral orientation of these foot structures which, depending on the particular application, is equally important as the spatial arrangement of the molecules. The numerous approaches towards assembling and organizing functional molecules into specific architectures on metal substrates are reviewed here. Particular attention is paid to variations of both, the core structures and the anchoring groups. Furthermore, the analytical methods enabling the investigation of individual molecules as well as monomolecular layers of ordered platform structures are summarized. The presented multipodal platforms bearing several anchoring groups form considerably more stable molecule-metal contacts than corresponding monopodal analogues and exhibit an enlarged separation of the functional molecules due to the increased footprint, as well as restrict tilting of the functional termini with respect to the metal surface. These platforms are thus ideally suited to tune important properties of the molecule-metal interface. On a single-molecule level, several of these platforms enable the control over the arrangement of the protruding rod-type molecular structures (e.g., molecular wires, switches, rotors, sensors) with respect to the surface of the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Valášek
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Marcin Lindner
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Xingang Rd. W., Guangzhou, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johannsring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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29
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Ie Y, Tanaka K, Tashiro A, Lee SK, Testai HR, Yamada R, Tada H, Aso Y. Thiophene-based Tripodal Anchor Units for Hole Transport in Single-Molecule Junctions with Gold Electrodes. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:3754-3759. [PMID: 26722752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Molecule-metal junctions are inevitable for the realization of single-molecule electronics. In this study, we developed new tripodal anchors with electron-rich aromatic rings to achieve robust contact with gold electrodes, an effective hybridization of the π orbital with gold electrodes (π channel), and hole transport through π-channel hybridization. Cyclic voltammetry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements of the monolayers indicated that the thiophene-based tripodal molecule exhibits anchoring characteristics as expected. The electrical conductance of thiophene-anchored bistripodal molecules using the scanning tunneling microscope (STM)-based break junction technique confirmed the formation of molecular junctions. The Seebeck coefficient of this compound estimated from thermoelectric voltage measurements using a STM was determined to be a positive value, which indicates that the charge carriers are holes. On the contrary, the corresponding pyridine-anchored molecules showed electron transport. These results reveal the versatility of π-channel tripodal anchors for the control of charge-carrier type in single-molecule electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Ie
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University , 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Kazunari Tanaka
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University , 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Aya Tashiro
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University , 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - See Kei Lee
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University , 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Henrique Rosa Testai
- Institute of Mechanical Engineering (IEM), Universidade Federal de Itajubá , 1303 Bairro Pinheirinho, Itajubá, Minas Gerais 37500 903, Brasil
| | - Ryo Yamada
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University , 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tada
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University , 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Yoshio Aso
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University , 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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Pop L, Dumitru F, Hădade ND, Legrand YM, van der Lee A, Barboiu M, Grosu I. Exclusive Hydrophobic Self-Assembly of Adaptive Solid-State Networks of Octasubstituted 9,9′-Spirobifluorenes. Org Lett 2015; 17:3494-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Pop
- Supramolecular
Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Center (SOOMCC), Babes-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos str., 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Florina Dumitru
- Adaptive
Supramolecular Nanosystems Group, Institut Européen des Membranes − ENSCM-UMII-CNRS 5635, Place Eugène Bataillon, CC
047, F-34095 Cedex 5 Montpellier, France
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1, Polizu st., RO-011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Niculina D. Hădade
- Supramolecular
Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Center (SOOMCC), Babes-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos str., 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Yves-Marie Legrand
- Adaptive
Supramolecular Nanosystems Group, Institut Européen des Membranes − ENSCM-UMII-CNRS 5635, Place Eugène Bataillon, CC
047, F-34095 Cedex 5 Montpellier, France
| | - Arie van der Lee
- Adaptive
Supramolecular Nanosystems Group, Institut Européen des Membranes − ENSCM-UMII-CNRS 5635, Place Eugène Bataillon, CC
047, F-34095 Cedex 5 Montpellier, France
| | - Mihail Barboiu
- Adaptive
Supramolecular Nanosystems Group, Institut Européen des Membranes − ENSCM-UMII-CNRS 5635, Place Eugène Bataillon, CC
047, F-34095 Cedex 5 Montpellier, France
| | - Ion Grosu
- Supramolecular
Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Center (SOOMCC), Babes-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos str., 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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