1
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Teichmann B, Liu B, Hirsch M, Dubey RK, Würthner F. Sequential Synthesis and Secondary Structure Analysis of Two Classes of Perylene Bisimide Oligomers. Org Lett 2024; 26:5544-5548. [PMID: 38912957 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
An iterative step-by-step synthetic approach is employed to form perylene bisimide (PBI) oligomers of defined sizes by connecting the PBI units through their imide positions via a benzyl linker. The versatility of this approach was showcased by its successful implementation on two different PBI building blocks to achieve two separate series of oligomers (up to the pentamer) with modulated conformations: one with an open random coil oligomer and one with an H-type foldamer architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Teichmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bin Liu
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Hirsch
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rajeev K Dubey
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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2
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Shao G, Wu M, Wang X, Zhao J, You X, Wu D, Xia J. Regiochemically Pure 1,6-Ditriflato-Perylene Diimide: Preparation and Transformation. J Org Chem 2022; 87:14825-14832. [PMID: 36261214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Preparation of regioisomerically pure 1,6-disubstituted perylene diimide (PDI) is not a trivial task owing to the lack of facile synthetic and separation methodologies for the precursors. Herein, we present a simple synthesis for 1,6-ditriflato-PDI (1,6-diOTf-PDI) using 1,6,9,10-tetrabromo-perylene monoimide 1 as the starting material. The selective methoxylation of 1 at the 1,6-position is the key step. Based on a four-step sequence of selective methoxylation, domino carbonylative amidation, demethylation, and triflation, 1,6-diOTf-PDI can be obtained in a satisfactory yield. Moreover, as a building block, 1,6-diOTf-PDIa can readily undergo Suzuki and Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwei Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mingliang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaoxiao You
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Di Wu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianlong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.,School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.,International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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3
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Kumagai S, Koguma T, Annaka T, Sawabe C, Tani Y, Sugiura H, Watanabe T, Hashizume D, Takeya J, Okamoto T. Regioselective Functionalization of Nitrogen-Embedded Perylene Diimides for High-Performance Organic Electron-Transporting Materials. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20220051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Kumagai
- Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC) and Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Takeru Koguma
- Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC) and Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Annaka
- Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC) and Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Chizuru Sawabe
- Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC) and Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Yukio Tani
- Fujifilm Corp., Kaisei-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa 258-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sugiura
- Fujifilm Corp., Kaisei-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa 258-8577, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Watanabe
- Fujifilm Corp., Kaisei-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa 258-8577, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hashizume
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Jun Takeya
- Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC) and Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
- MANA, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba 205-0044, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Okamoto
- Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC) and Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
- PRESTO, JST, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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4
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Aromatic stacking and the self-assembly of perylene monoimide diester homodimers. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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5
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Pettipas RD, Hoff A, Gelfand BS, Welch GC. Green Solvent-Processible N-H-Functionalized Perylene Diimide Materials for Scalable Organic Photovoltaics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:3103-3110. [PMID: 34990105 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The growing demand for organic electronic devices warrants further development of the scalability and green solvent processibility of π-conjugated materials. Perylene diimide (PDI)-based materials have shown impressive performance as interlayers for electronic devices due to a low ELUMO energy and high charge mobility in films. The next step in the development of these materials is the transition toward scalable production and the fabrication of devices under ambient conditions. Here, we develop a green synthetic methodology to prepare a series of PDI-based electronically active materials (X2-5), which can be slot-die-coated into uniform thin films from green solvents in air. Compounds X2-5 comprised a monomeric PDI core with a functional cyclic secondary amine appended to the bay region. Bromine or cyano moieties are incorporated into the molecular scaffold to systematically tune optoelectronic properties. The utility of these materials is demonstrated by slot-die coating them from ethanol to serve as cathode interlayers in prototype air-processed conventional organic photovoltaics. Using a PM6:Y6 active layer, device power conversion efficiencies reached 10%, among the best reported under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Pettipas
- University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Anderson Hoff
- University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Benjamin S Gelfand
- University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Gregory C Welch
- University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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6
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Yu Y, Zhu D, Zhu X, Ravva MK, Duan J, Jiang L, Li Z, Yue W. A novel class of rigid-rod perylene diimides and isoindigo semiconducting polymers. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01362a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Three novel rigid-rod semiconducting polymers containing fused electron-deficient PDI and IID units have been synthesized through aldol polymerization. Their unique opto-electronic properties have been investigated systematically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Danlei Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids. Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiuyuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | | | - Jiayao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids. Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhengke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wan Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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7
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Mentzel P, Holzapfel M, Schmiedel A, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H, Wodyński A, Kaupp M, Würthner F, Lambert C. Excited states and spin–orbit coupling in chalcogen substituted perylene diimides and their radical anions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:26254-26268. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02723b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of chalcogen bay-substituted perylene diimides show increasing SOC, which was investigated in detail via (time-resolved) optical spectroscopy, (spectro)electrochemistry, EPR spectroscopy and TD-DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Mentzel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marco Holzapfel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Schmiedel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Artur Wodyński
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr. C7, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr. C7, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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8
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Ogawa T, Kuzuhara D. Controlled Fabrication and Characterization of Coronene Diimide-Based Insoluble Thin Films Produced by Photoinduced Cyclization. Chempluschem 2021; 86:852-857. [PMID: 34110711 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An insoluble thin film of a coronene diimide (CDI) derivative was fabricated from a soluble precursor of perylene diimide (PDI) by photoirradiation. We prepared a 1,7-diarylated PDI (TP-PDI) that can be converted into a coronene diimide (TP-CDI) derivative via a Scholl-type photocyclization reaction. This reaction was accompanied by structural changes from a twisted structure to a π-extended planar molecule. It was found that this photoconversion reaction occurs for both solution-based and thin-film-based reactants investigated by the changes of UV-vis absorption spectra and 1 H NMR spectra. The photocyclization reactions were found to proceed smoothly in polar solvents. In the thin-film state, the solvent vapor annealing method is a key process for achieving photoconversion reaction. Additionally, the fabrication of multi-layered thin films was achieved without undesirable dissolution of the underlying layers because of different solubilities of TP-PDI and TP-CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Ogawa
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Iwate University, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Daiki Kuzuhara
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Iwate University, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan
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9
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Kei P, Howell MT, Chavez CA, Mai JC, Do C, Hong K, Nesterov EE. Kinetically Controlled Formation of Semi-crystalline Conjugated Polymer Nanostructures. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kei
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Mitchell T. Howell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, United States
| | - Carlos A. Chavez
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Joseph C. Mai
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Changwoo Do
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Kunlun Hong
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Evgueni E. Nesterov
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, United States
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10
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Costabel D, Skabeev A, Nabiyan A, Luo Y, Max JB, Rajagopal A, Kowalczyk D, Dietzek B, Wächtler M, Görls H, Ziegenbalg D, Zagranyarski Y, Streb C, Schacher FH, Peneva K. 1,7,9,10-Tetrasubstituted PMIs Accessible through Decarboxylative Bromination: Synthesis, Characterization, Photophysical Studies, and Hydrogen Evolution Catalysis. Chemistry 2021; 27:4081-4088. [PMID: 33241590 PMCID: PMC7986912 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present a new synthetic strategy for fourfold-substituted perylene monoimides via tetrabrominated perylene monoanhydrides. X-ray diffraction analysis unveiled the intramolecular stacking orientation between the substituents and semicircular packing behavior. We observed the remarkable influence of the substituent on the longevity and nature of the excited state upon visible light excitation. In the presence of poly(dehydroalanine)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) graft copolymers as solubilizing template, the chromophores are capable of sensitizing [Mo3 S13 ]2- clusters in aqueous solution for stable visible light driven hydrogen evolution over three days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Costabel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaLessingstraße 807743JenaGermany
| | - Artem Skabeev
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaLessingstraße 807743JenaGermany
| | - Afshin Nabiyan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaLessingstraße 807743JenaGermany
| | - Yusen Luo
- Institute of Physical ChemistryAbbe Center of PhotonicsFriedrich Schiller University JenaHelmholtzweg 407743JenaGermany
| | - Johannes B. Max
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaLessingstraße 807743JenaGermany
| | - Ashwene Rajagopal
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry 1Ulm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Daniel Kowalczyk
- Institute of Chemical EngineeringUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Institute of Physical ChemistryAbbe Center of PhotonicsFriedrich Schiller University JenaHelmholtzweg 407743JenaGermany
- Department of Functional InterfacesLeibniz Institute of Photonic Technology JenaAlbert-Einstein-Straße 907745JenaGermany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena andJena Center of Soft MatterFriedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 7a07743JenaGermany
| | - Maria Wächtler
- Institute of Physical ChemistryAbbe Center of PhotonicsFriedrich Schiller University JenaHelmholtzweg 407743JenaGermany
- Department of Functional InterfacesLeibniz Institute of Photonic Technology JenaAlbert-Einstein-Straße 907745JenaGermany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldt Straße 807743JenaGermany
| | - Dirk Ziegenbalg
- Institute of Chemical EngineeringUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Yulian Zagranyarski
- Faculty of Chemistry and PharmacySofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”1 James Bourchier Blvd.1164SofiaBulgaria
| | - Carsten Streb
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry 1Ulm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Felix H. Schacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaLessingstraße 807743JenaGermany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena andJena Center of Soft MatterFriedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 7a07743JenaGermany
| | - Kalina Peneva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaLessingstraße 807743JenaGermany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena andJena Center of Soft MatterFriedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 7a07743JenaGermany
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11
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Philip AM, Hsu CC, Wei Z, Fridriksson MB, Grozema FC, Jager WF. Directing charge transfer in perylene based light-harvesting antenna molecules. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:144302. [PMID: 33086833 DOI: 10.1063/5.0021454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Directing energy and charge transfer processes in light-harvesting antenna systems is quintessential for optimizing the efficiency of molecular devices for artificial photosynthesis. In this work, we report a novel synthetic method to construct two regioisomeric antenna molecules (1-D2A2 and 7-D2A2), in which the 4-(n-butylamino)naphthalene monoimide energy and electron donor is attached to the perylene monoimide diester (PMIDE) acceptor at the 1- and 7-bay positions, respectively. The non-symmetric structure of PMIDE renders a polarized distribution of the frontier molecular orbitals along the long axis of this acceptor moiety, which differentiates the electron coupling between the donor, attached at either the 1- or the 7-position, and the acceptor. We demonstrate that directional control of the photo-driven charge transfer process has been obtained by engineering the molecular structure of the light-harvesting antenna molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbey M Philip
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Chao Chun Hsu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Zimu Wei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Magnus B Fridriksson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ferdinand C Grozema
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Wolter F Jager
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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12
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Mahl M, Shoyama K, Krause AM, Schmidt D, Würthner F. Base-Assisted Imidization: A Synthetic Method for the Introduction of Bulky Imide Substituents to Control Packing and Optical Properties of Naphthalene and Perylene Imides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:13401-13405. [PMID: 32364327 PMCID: PMC7496529 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We report the direct imidization of naphthalene and perylene dicarboxylic anhydrides/esters with bulky ortho,ortho‐diaryl‐ and ortho,ortho‐dialkynylaniline derivatives. This imidization method uses n‐butyllithium as a strong base to increase the reactivity of bulky amine derivatives, proceeds under mild reaction conditions, requires only stoichiometric amounts of reactants and gives straightforward access to new sterically crowded rylene dicarboximides. Mechanistic investigations suggest an isoimide as intermediary product, which was converted to the corresponding imide upon addition of an aqueous base. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses reveal dimeric packing motifs for monoimides, while two‐side shielded bisimides crystallize in isolated molecules without close π–π‐interactions. Spectroscopic investigations disclose the influence of the bulky substituents on the optical properties in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Mahl
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kazutaka Shoyama
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ana-Maria Krause
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - David Schmidt
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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13
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Pettipas R, Radford CL, Kelly TL. Regioisomerically Pure 1,7-Dicyanoperylene Diimide Dimer for Charge Extraction from Donors with High Electron Affinities. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:16547-16555. [PMID: 32685819 PMCID: PMC7364591 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Perylene diimide (PDI) has attracted widespread interest as an inexpensive electron acceptor for photovoltaic applications; however, overcrystallization in the bulk heterojunction typically leads to low device performance. Recent work has addressed this issue by forming bay-linked PDI dimers and oligomers, where the steric bulk of adjacent PDI units forces the molecule to adopt a nonplanar structure. This disrupts the molecular packing and limits domain sizes in the bulk heterojunction. Unfortunately, the introduction of electron-donating/-withdrawing groups in the bay region is also the best way to fine-tune the frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) of PDI, which is highly desirable from a device optimization standpoint. This competition for the bay region has made it difficult for PDI to keep pace with other non-fullerene acceptors. Here, we report the synthesis of regioisomerically pure 1,7-dicyanoperylene diimide and its dimerization through an imide linkage. We show that this is an effective strategy to tune the energies of the FMOs while simultaneously suppressing overcrystallization in the bulk heterojunction. The resulting acceptor has a low LUMO energy of -4.2 eV and is capable of accepting photogenerated electrons from donor polymers with high electron affinities, even when conventional acceptors such as PDI, PC71BM, and ITIC cannot.
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14
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Doiron C, Fitzpatrick NA, Masucci CP, Martin JL, Carl AD, Grimm RL. Open-Circuit Photovoltage Exceeding 950 mV with an 840 mV Average at Sb 2S 3-Thianthrene +/0 Junctions Enabled by Thioperylene Anhydride Back Contacts. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:16875-16884. [PMID: 32685857 PMCID: PMC7364746 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Covalently attached perylene monolayers serve as back contacts for Sb2S3 photoelectrochemical cells with a thianthrene+/0 front, rectifying contact. Covalent attachment of perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, PTCDA, to Si(111) utilizes an anhydride-to-imide conversion at surface-attached amines. For Sb2S3 solar absorbers, we hypothesized that a terminal thioperylene anhydride, i.e., S=C-O-C=S, formed from thionation of the terminal perylene anhydride would serve as a soft, electron-selective and hole-blocking back contact. We explored several routes to convert carbonyls to thiocarbonyls on surface-attached perylene anhydrides including Lawesson's reagent, P4S10, and a P4S10-pyridine complex. Here, P4S10 in toluene yielded the highest conversion as quantified by thioperylene-anhydride-S-to-imide-N ratios in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Spectra demonstrated minimal residual reagent as determined by the absence of quantifiable phosphorus following sonication and rinsing. Photoelectrochemistry yielded an average |V oc| = 840 ± 90 mV with the highest value of 952 mV under ELH-simulated AM1.5G illumination for chemical-bath-deposited Sb2S3 in the strongly oxidizing thianthrene+/0 redox couple when thioperylene-anhydride-tethered surfaces formed the back contact. Sb2S3 absorbers in which perylene anhydride, esters, thionoesters, and thiols form the back contact yielded significantly decreased |V oc| magnitudes vs Sb2S3 on perylene-thioanhydride-terminated surfaces. We attribute the large V oc to the combination of favorable sulfur-functionalized surfaces for deposition, charge transfer properties of the perylene layer, and use of the thianthrene+/0 redox couple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis
W. Doiron
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry; Life Science and Bioengineering Center; Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States
| | - Nicholas A. Fitzpatrick
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry; Life Science and Bioengineering Center; Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States
| | - Clare P. Masucci
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry; Life Science and Bioengineering Center; Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States
| | - Julia L. Martin
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry; Life Science and Bioengineering Center; Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States
| | - Alexander D. Carl
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry; Life Science and Bioengineering Center; Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States
| | - Ronald L. Grimm
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry; Life Science and Bioengineering Center; Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States
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15
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Yang Y, Fryer C, Sharkey J, Thomas A, Wais U, Jackson AW, Wilm B, Murray P, Zhang H. Perylene Diimide Nanoprobes for In Vivo Tracking of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Using Photoacoustic Imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:27930-27939. [PMID: 32463217 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c03857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Noninvasive bioimaging techniques are critical for assessing the biodistribution of cellular therapies longitudinally. Among them, photoacoustic imaging (PAI) can generate high-resolution images with a tissue penetration depth of ∼4 cm. However, it is essential and still highly challenging to develop stable and efficient near-infrared (NIR) probes with low toxicity for PAI. We report here the preparation and use of perylene diimide derivative (PDI) with NIR absorbance (around 700 nm) as nanoprobes for tracking mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in mice. Employing an in-house synthesized star hyperbranched polymer as a stabilizer is the key to the formation of stable PDI nanoparticles with low toxicity and high uptake by the MSCs. The PDI nanoparticles remain within the MSCs as demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo assessments. The PDI-labeled MSCs injected subcutaneously on the flanks of the mice are clearly visualized with PAI up to 11 days postadministration. Furthermore, bioluminescence imaging of PDI-labeled luciferase-expressing MSCs confirms that the administered cells remain viable for the duration of the experiment. These PDI nanoprobes thus have good potential for tracking administered cells in vivo using PAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Oxford Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K
| | - Claudia Fryer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Oxford Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K
| | - Jack Sharkey
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K
| | - Aidan Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Oxford Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Ulrike Wais
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Oxford Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Science, 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island 627833, Singapore
| | - Alexander W Jackson
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Science, 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island 627833, Singapore
| | - Bettina Wilm
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K
| | - Patricia Murray
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K
| | - Haifei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Oxford Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
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16
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Mahl M, Shoyama K, Krause A, Schmidt D, Würthner F. Base‐Assisted Imidization: A Synthetic Method for the Introduction of Bulky Imide Substituents to Control Packing and Optical Properties of Naphthalene and Perylene Imides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Mahl
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Kazutaka Shoyama
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Ana‐Maria Krause
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) Universität Würzburg Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - David Schmidt
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) Universität Würzburg Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) Universität Würzburg Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
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17
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Dubey RK, Inan D, Philip AM, Grozema FC, Jager WF. Efficacious elimination of intramolecular charge transfer in perylene imide based light-harvesting antenna molecules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:5560-5563. [PMID: 32297614 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00335b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Two light-harvesting antenna molecules were obtained by positioning naphthalene monoimide energy donors at the imide position, instead of the bay positions, of perylene imide energy acceptors. Such rational design resulted in a complete suppression of parasitic intramolecular charge transfer without compromising the desired ultrafast rates of excitation energy transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev K Dubey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Damla Inan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Abbey M Philip
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Ferdinand C Grozema
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Wolter F Jager
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
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18
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Türel T, Bhargava S, Valiyaveettil S. Tubular Perylene Bisimide Macrocycles for the Recognition of Geometrical Isomers of Azobenzenes. J Org Chem 2020; 85:3092-3100. [PMID: 31951125 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Perylene bisimide-based materials are good candidates for photosensitive applications. Herein, we report synthesis, characterization, and complexation studies of perylene bisimide macrocycles obtained through bayside coupling. The isomeric macrocycles incorporated with interesting optical properties and tubular-shaped cavities are able to recognize geometric isomers of azobenzenes and aromatic amines. Such selective recognition is useful toward developing potential sensors for interesting isomeric pairs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tankut Türel
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Samarth Bhargava
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Suresh Valiyaveettil
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
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19
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Felter KM, Dubey RK, Grozema FC. Relation between molecular packing and singlet fission in thin films of brominated perylenediimides. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:094301. [PMID: 31492067 DOI: 10.1063/1.5110306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Perylene diimides (PDIs) are attractive chromophores that exhibit singlet exciton fission (SF) and have several advantages over traditional SF molecules such as tetracene and pentacene; however, their photophysical properties relating to SF have received only limited attention. In this study, we explore how introduction of bulky bromine atoms in the so-called bay-area PDIs, resulting in a nonplanar structure, affects the solid-state packing and efficiency of singlet fission. We found that changes in the molecular packing have a strong effect on the temperature dependent photoluminescence, expressed as an activation energy. These effects are explained in terms of excimer formation for PDIs without bay-area substitution, which competes with singlet fission. Introduction of bromine atoms in the bay-positions strongly disrupts the solid-state packing leading to strongly reduced excitonic interactions. Surprisingly, these relatively amorphous materials with weak electronic coupling exhibit stronger formation of triplet excited states by SF because the competing excimer formation is suppressed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Felter
- Opto-Electronic Materials Section, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HS Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Rajeev K Dubey
- Opto-Electronic Materials Section, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HS Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ferdinand C Grozema
- Opto-Electronic Materials Section, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HS Delft, The Netherlands
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20
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Tanaka A, Liu Z, Osakada Y. Synthesis of unsymmetric perylenediimide dye molecule and its photochemical properties on lipid membrane. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1899-1903. [PMID: 31175011 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Optical manipulation of cellular function is one of the important targets in chemical biology and medicine. To achieve manipulation of cellular function using small molecules, photochemical reaction, such as photo-isomerization and photo-induced electron transfer, is one of the most promising reactions. Especially, photo-induced electron transfer process may be the crucial for their further development of photo-functional agents in living cells. However, such molecules, which enable the modification of cellular function, are limited and the further development is necessary. Herein, we synthesized a novel unsymmetric perylenediimide dye and investigated the cellular staining upon the addition in the cell culture medium. Furthermore, we observed the fluorescence quenching upon the addition of ascorbic acid as electron donor and report the preliminary results to manipulate Ca2+ concentration in living cell line upon 488-nm light photoirradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Tanaka
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Zuoyue Liu
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yasuko Osakada
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan; Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadagaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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21
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Abstract
Rapid progress in the synthesis of perylene bisimide dyes gave an old scaffold new life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Nowak-Król
- Universität Würzburg
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry
- Am Hubland
- Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Universität Würzburg
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry
- Am Hubland
- Germany
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22
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Sebastian E, Philip AM, Benny A, Hariharan M. Null Exciton Splitting in Chromophoric Greek Cross (+) Aggregate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:15696-15701. [PMID: 30338635 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Exciton interactions in molecular aggregates play a crucial role in tailoring the optical behaviour of π-conjugated materials. Though vital for optoelectronic applications, ideal Greek cross-dipole (α=90°) stacking of chromophores remains elusive. We report a novel Greek cross (+) assembly of 1,7-dibromoperylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic tetrabutylester (PTE-Br2 ) which exhibits null exciton coupling mediated monomer-like optical characteristics in the crystalline state. In contrast, nonzero exciton coupling in X-type (α=70.2°, PTE-Br0 ) and J-type (α=0°, θ=48.4°, PTE-Br4 ) assemblies have perturbed optical properties. Additionally, the semi-classical Marcus theory of charge-transfer rates predicts a selective hole transport phenomenon in the orthogonally stacked PTE-Br2 . Precise rotation angle dependent optoelectronic properties in crystalline PTE-Br2 can have consequences in the rational design of novel π-conjugated materials for photonic and molecular electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebin Sebastian
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Maruthamala P. O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - Abbey M Philip
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Maruthamala P. O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - Alfy Benny
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Maruthamala P. O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Maruthamala P. O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
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23
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Sebastian E, Philip AM, Benny A, Hariharan M. Null Exciton Splitting in Chromophoric Greek Cross (+) Aggregate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ebin Sebastian
- School of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM); Maruthamala P. O., Vithura Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Abbey M. Philip
- School of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM); Maruthamala P. O., Vithura Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Alfy Benny
- School of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM); Maruthamala P. O., Vithura Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM); Maruthamala P. O., Vithura Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
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24
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Thomas B, Dubey RK, Clabbers MTB, Gupta KBSS, van Genderen E, Jager WF, Abrahams JP, Sudholter EJR, de Groot HJM. A Molecular Level Approach To Elucidate the Supramolecular Packing of Light-Harvesting Antenna Systems. Chemistry 2018; 24:14989-14993. [PMID: 30088299 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The molecular geometry and supramolecular packing of two bichromophoric prototypic light harvesting compounds D1A2 and D2A2, consisting of two naphthylimide energy donors that were attached to the 1,7 bay positions of a perylene monoimide diester energy acceptor, have been determined by a hybrid approach using magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy and electron nano-crystallography (ENC), followed by modelling. NMR shift constraints, combined with the P 1 ‾ space group obtained from ENC, were used to generate a centrosymmetric dimer of truncated perylene fragments. This racemic packing motif is used in a biased molecular replacement approach to generate a partial 3D electrostatic scattering potential map. Resolving the structure of the bay substituents is guided by the inversion symmetry, and the distance constraints obtained from heteronuclear correlation spectra. The antenna molecules form a pseudocrystalline lattice of antiparallel centrosymmetric dimers with pockets of partially disordered bay substituents. The two molecules in a unit cell form a butterfly-type arrangement. The hybrid methodology that has been developed is robust and widely applicable for critical structural underpinning of self-assembling structures of large organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brijith Thomas
- Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rajeev K Dubey
- Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Max T B Clabbers
- Center for Cellular Imaging and Nano Analytics (C-CINA), Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Eric van Genderen
- Center for Cellular Imaging and Nano Analytics (C-CINA), Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wolter F Jager
- Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Pieter Abrahams
- Center for Cellular Imaging and Nano Analytics (C-CINA), Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ernst J R Sudholter
- Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Huub J M de Groot
- Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
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25
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Pitorri M, Franceschin M, Serafini I, Ciccòla A, Frezza C, Bianco A. New Developments in the Synthesis of EMICORON. High Throughput 2018; 7:ht7030022. [PMID: 30158479 PMCID: PMC6165106 DOI: 10.3390/ht7030022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports on the modification of two synthetic steps in the usual protocol used for obtaining EMICORON. EMICORON is a benzo[ghi]perylen-diimide, which was synthesized for the first time in our laboratory in 2012, and has shown to have in vivo antitumor activities that interferes with the tumor growth and development using a multi-target mechanism of action. The provided modifications, which involved the reaction times, the reaction conditions, and the work-up procedures, allowed the global yield of the process to be increased from 28% to about 40%. Thus, this new procedure may be more suitable for recovering higher amounts of EMICORON to be used in further preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Pitorri
- Dipartimento di Chimica: Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marco Franceschin
- Dipartimento di Chimica: Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Serafini
- Dipartimento di Chimica: Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Ciccòla
- Dipartimento di Chimica: Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Claudio Frezza
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale: Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Armandodoriano Bianco
- Dipartimento di Chimica: Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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26
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Bhargava S, Chu JJH, Valiyaveettil S. Controlled Dye Aggregation in Sodium Dodecylsulfate-Stabilized Poly(methylmethacrylate) Nanoparticles as Fluorescent Imaging Probes. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:7663-7672. [PMID: 30221237 PMCID: PMC6130898 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Polymer nanoparticles are used extensively in biomedical applications. Poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) nanoparticles obtained via nanoprecipitation were unstable and flocculate or precipitate from solution within a few hours. A simple method to improve the stability of the particles using surfactants at low concentrations was carried out to produce PMMA nanoparticles with long-term stability in water (>6 months). The increased stability was attributed to the incorporation of surfactants inside the polymer particles during nanoprecipitation. The same methodology was also adopted to encapsulate a highly fluorescent hydrophobic perylene tetraester inside the polymer nanoparticles with good stability in water. Because of the presence of the anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate, the particles showed a negative zeta potential of -34.7 mV and an average size of 150 nm. Similarly, the dye-encapsulated polymer nanoparticles showed a zeta potential of -35.1 mV and an average particle size of 180 nm. By varying the concentration of encapsulated dyes inside the polymer nanoparticles, dye aggregation could be controlled, and the fluorescence profiles of the nanoparticles were altered. To understand the uptake and toxicity of the polymer nanoparticles, baby hamster kidney cells were chosen as a model system. The polymer nanoparticles were taken up by the cells within 3 h and were nontoxic at concentrations as high as 100 ppm. The confocal micrographs of the cells revealed localized fluorescence from the polymer nanoparticles around the nucleus in the cytoplasm without the penetration of the nuclear envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samarth Bhargava
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Justin Jang Hann Chu
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, National
University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, 117545, Singapore
| | - Suresh Valiyaveettil
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
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27
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Gupta RK, Achalkumar AS. Microwave-Assisted Method for the Synthesis of Perylene Ester Imides as a Gateway Toward Unsymmetrical Perylene Bisimides. J Org Chem 2018; 83:6290-6300. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Kumar Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
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28
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Ozser ME, Mohiuddin O. Synthesis, photophysical, structural and electronic properties of novel regioisomerically pure 1,7-disubstituted perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic monoimide dibutylester derivatives. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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29
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Abstract
Molecular building blocks are designed and created for the cis- and trans-dibrominated perylenediimides. The syntheses are simple and provide these useful materials on the gram scale. To demonstrate their synthetic versatility, these building blocks were used to create new dimeric perylenediimide helixes. Two of these helical dimers are twistacenes, and one is a helicene. Crucially, each possesses regiochemically defined functionality that allows the dimer helix to be elaborated into higher oligomers. It would be very difficult to prepare these helical PDI building blocks regioselectively without the methods described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khrystofor Khokhlov
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Nathaniel J Schuster
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Fay Ng
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430081 , China.,Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
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30
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Jia J, Fan B, Xiao M, Jia T, Jin Y, Li Y, Huang F, Cao Y. N-Type Self-Doped Water/Alcohol-Soluble Conjugated Polymers with Tailored Energy Levels for High-Performance Polymer Solar Cells. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianchao Jia
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Baobing Fan
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Manjun Xiao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Tao Jia
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yaocheng Jin
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Li
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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31
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Mao W, Zhang J, Li X, Li C, Tian H. Regioisomerically pure multiaryl coronene derivatives: highly efficient synthesis via bay-extended perylene tetrabutylester. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:5052-5055. [PMID: 28430283 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc02803b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
By a facile strategy, we obtained three pure regioisomers of multiaryl coronene bisimide (CBI) derivatives via IBr-mediated annelation and subsequent Suzuki coupling reactions with high yields. A series of aromatic groups with different electron properties were efficiently introduced to obtain functional CBI derivatives under mild conditions with good yields. Furthermore, the annelation mechanism as well as the optical and electrochemical properties of CBI derivatives were further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxuan Mao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
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32
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Aulin YV, Felter KM, Günbas DD, Dubey RK, Jager WF, Grozema FC. Morphology-Independent Efficient Singlet Exciton Fission in Perylene Diimide Thin Films. Chempluschem 2018; 83:230-238. [PMID: 31957287 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201700449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Perylene diimides are conjugated chromophores that are of considerable interest owing to their ability to transform a singlet excited state into two triplets by singlet fission. Although singlet fission has previously been reported for certain perylene diimide derivatives, there is some uncertainty about the rates and yield of the process in these materials. In this report, ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy is used to demonstrate that singlet fission in perylene diimides can occur on a sub-picosecond timescale with quantum yields approaching the theoretical limit of 200 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav V Aulin
- Optoelectronic Materials Section, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HS, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin M Felter
- Optoelectronic Materials Section, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HS, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - D Deniz Günbas
- Optoelectronic Materials Section, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HS, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Rajeev K Dubey
- Optoelectronic Materials Section, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HS, Delft, The Netherlands.,Organic Materials and Interfaces Section, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HS, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Wolter F Jager
- Organic Materials and Interfaces Section, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HS, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ferdinand C Grozema
- Optoelectronic Materials Section, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HS, Delft, The Netherlands
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33
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Takahashi M, Asaba K, Lua TT, Inuzuka T, Uemura N, Sakamoto M, Sengoku T, Yoda H. Controllable Monobromination of Perylene Ring System: Synthesis of Bay-Functionalized Perylene Dyes. J Org Chem 2018; 83:624-631. [PMID: 29286661 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Practical synthesis of bay-monofunctionalized perylene dyes has been developed based on controllable NBS bromination of tetrabenzyl perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylate. The ability to perform the convenient and high-yielding synthesis highlights the potential utility of our multifunctional approach to access a diverse range of new perylene systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University , 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan
| | - Kyohei Asaba
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University , 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan
| | - Trinh Thi Lua
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University , 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Inuzuka
- Division of Instrumental Analysis, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University , 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Naohiro Uemura
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University , 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Masami Sakamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University , 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sengoku
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University , 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan
| | - Hidemi Yoda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University , 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan
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34
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Raj MR, Margabandu R, Mangalaraja RV, Anandan S. Influence of imide-substituents on the H-type aggregates of perylene diimides bearing cetyloxy side-chains at bay positions. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:9179-9191. [PMID: 29184956 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01918a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of perylene-3,4:9,10-tetracarboxylic acid diimides (PDIs, namely TYR-PDI, AEP-PDI, CET-PDI, ANP-PDI and KOD-PDI), comprising long linear cetyloxy side-chains functionalized at the 1,7-bay positions and the different substituents (i.e., hydrophobic/hydrophilic segments) symmetrically linked at the two imide-positions of the perylene core were synthesized to investigate the influence of imide-substituent patterns on the aggregation behaviours of PDIs. The photophysical properties of these PDIs were studied by UV-Vis absorption, fluorescence and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. The differences in the photophysical properties of the PDIs indicate (i) blue-shifted and broadening absorption properties in both solution and thin-films, (ii) red-shifted and broadening fluorescence behavior at their emission maximum in solution, however, blue-shifted fluorescence behavior in thin-films, and (iii) obviously longer fluorescence life-times corresponding to the existence of rotationally displaced H-type aggregates. The formation of short-range ordered rod-like microstructures through face-to-face alignment of columnar rectangular H-type PDI aggregates was rationalized by scanning electron microscopy. The X-ray diffraction study revealed that the formation of well-defined columnar rectangular (Colrp) H-type PDI aggregates indicated a nearly constant intracolumnar stacking distance of ∼3.9 Å for all PDIs. All of these findings were consistent with the formation of hydrophobic/hydrophilic interactions between the imide-substituents in addition to the strong hydrophobic π-π stacking interactions between the conjugated perylene cores, which were enforced in the H-type PDI aggregates that spontaneously self-organized into Colrp structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ruby Raj
- Nanomaterials & Solar Energy Conversion Lab, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli-620015, India.
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35
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Cole MD, Sheri M, Bielicki C, Emrick T. Perylene Diimide-Based Ionene and Zwitterionic Polymers: Synthesis and Solution Photophysical Properties. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus D. Cole
- Department of Polymer Science
and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Madhu Sheri
- Department of Polymer Science
and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Chelsea Bielicki
- Department of Polymer Science
and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Todd Emrick
- Department of Polymer Science
and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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36
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Inan D, Dubey RK, Westerveld N, Bleeker J, Jager WF, Grozema FC. Substitution Effects on the Photoinduced Charge-Transfer Properties of Novel Perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic Acid Derivatives. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:4633-4644. [PMID: 28558214 PMCID: PMC5483891 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b03806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report here the synthesis and photophysical study of a series of electron donor-acceptor molecules, in which electron-donating 4-methoxyphenoxy groups are attached to the 1,7-bay positions of four different perylene tetracarboxylic acid derivatives, namely, perylene tetraesters 1, perylene monoimide diesters 2, perylene bisimides 3, and perylene monobenzimidazole monoimides 4. These perylene derivatives are used because of their increasing order of electron-accepting capability upon moving from 1 to 4. Two additional donor-acceptor molecules are synthesized by linking electron-donating 4-methoxyphenyl groups to the imide position of perylene monoimide diester 2 and perylene bisimide 3. The motivation for this study is to achieve a good control over the photoinduced charge-transfer (CT) process in perylene-based systems by altering the position of electron donors and tuning the electron deficiency of perylene core. A comprehensive study of the photophysical properties of these molecules has shown a highly systematic trend in the magnitude of CT as a function of increased electron deficiency of the perylene core and solvent polarity. Importantly, just by changing the attachment of electron-donating group from "bay" to "imide" position, we are able to block the CT process. This implies that the positioning of the electron donor at the perylene core strongly influences the kinetics of the photoinduced CT process. In these compounds, the CT process is characterized by the quenching of fluorescence and singlet excited-state lifetimes as compared to model compounds bearing non-electron-donating 4-tert-butylphenoxy groups. Transient absorption spectroscopy did not reveal spectra of CT states. This most likely implies that the CT state is not accumulated, because of the faster charge recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damla Inan
- Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and ‡Laboratory of Organic Materials & Interfaces Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology , Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Rajeev K Dubey
- Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and ‡Laboratory of Organic Materials & Interfaces Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology , Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Nick Westerveld
- Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and ‡Laboratory of Organic Materials & Interfaces Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology , Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jorrit Bleeker
- Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and ‡Laboratory of Organic Materials & Interfaces Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology , Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Wolter F Jager
- Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and ‡Laboratory of Organic Materials & Interfaces Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology , Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ferdinand C Grozema
- Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and ‡Laboratory of Organic Materials & Interfaces Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology , Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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37
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Kojima M, Tamoto A, Aratani N, Yamada H. Rearrangement of an aniline linked perylene bisimide under acidic conditions and visible to near-infrared emission from the intramolecular charge-transfer state of its fused derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:5698-5701. [PMID: 28447685 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc01520h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We have prepared a series of aniline-linked and fused perylene bisimides (PBIs) for making near-infrared (NIR) fluorophores. During this research, we found an unexpected rearrangement reaction on the PBI core for the first time. The aniline- and phenothiazine-fused PBIs exhibit excellent absorption ability and visible-to-NIR emission owing to their intramolecular charge transfer character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Kojima
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
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38
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George L, Efimova E, Sariola-Leikas E, Lahtonen K, Valden M, Vivo P, Hakola H, Hiltunen A, Efimov A. Building Up Colors: Multilayered Arrays of Peryleneimides on Flat Surfaces and Mesoporous Layers. Chempluschem 2017; 82:705-715. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201700061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijo George
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering; Tampere University of Technology; P.O. Box 541 33101 Tampere Finland
| | - Elena Efimova
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering; Tampere University of Technology; P.O. Box 541 33101 Tampere Finland
| | - Essi Sariola-Leikas
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering; Tampere University of Technology; P.O. Box 541 33101 Tampere Finland
| | - Kimmo Lahtonen
- Surface Science Group; Photonics Laboratory; Tampere University of Technology; P.O. Box 692 33101 Tampere Finland
| | - Mika Valden
- Surface Science Group; Photonics Laboratory; Tampere University of Technology; P.O. Box 692 33101 Tampere Finland
| | - Paola Vivo
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering; Tampere University of Technology; P.O. Box 541 33101 Tampere Finland
| | - Hanna Hakola
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering; Tampere University of Technology; P.O. Box 541 33101 Tampere Finland
| | - Arto Hiltunen
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering; Tampere University of Technology; P.O. Box 541 33101 Tampere Finland
| | - Alexander Efimov
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering; Tampere University of Technology; P.O. Box 541 33101 Tampere Finland
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39
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Singh P, Mittal LS, Bhargava G, Kumar S. Ionic Self-Assembled Platform of Perylenediimide-Sodium Dodecylsulfate for Detection of Spermine in Clinical Samples. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:890-899. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201700120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prabhpreet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Centre for Advanced Studies; Guru Nanak Dev University; Amritsar 143005 India
| | - Lalit Singh Mittal
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Centre for Advanced Studies; Guru Nanak Dev University; Amritsar 143005 India
| | - Gaurav Bhargava
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Punjab Technical University; Kapurthala- 144601 India
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Centre for Advanced Studies; Guru Nanak Dev University; Amritsar 143005 India
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40
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41
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Zhu Z, Xu JQ, Chueh CC, Liu H, Li Z, Li X, Chen H, Jen AKY. A Low-Temperature, Solution-Processable Organic Electron-Transporting Layer Based on Planar Coronene for High-performance Conventional Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:10786-10793. [PMID: 27862382 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201601745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A low-temperature, solution-processable organic electron-transporting material (ETM) is successfully developed for efficient conventional n-i-p perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). This ETM can show a high efficiency over 17% on rigid device and 14.2% on flexible PVSC. To the best of our knowledge, this efficiency is among the highest values reported for flexible n-i-p PVSCs with negligible hysteresis thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonglong Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-2120, USA
| | - Jing-Qi Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-2120, USA
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Chu-Chen Chueh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-2120, USA
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-2120, USA
| | - Zhong'an Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-2120, USA
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-2120, USA
| | - Hongzheng Chen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-2120, USA
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-2120, USA
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42
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Dubey RK, Westerveld N, Eustace SJ, Sudhölter EJR, Grozema FC, Jager WF. Synthesis of Perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic Acid Derivatives Bearing Four Different Substituents at the Perylene Core. Org Lett 2016; 18:5648-5651. [PMID: 27779418 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions on 1,7-dibromoperylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic monoimide dibutylester, using phenol and pyrrolidine reagents, have been exploited to synthesize perylenes with four different substituents at the perylene core. The first substitution is always regiospecific at the imide-activated 7-position. A second substitution reaction does not always replace the bromine at C-1, but may replace a phenol substituent at the highly activated 7-position. Exploiting this reactivity pattern, a "mixed" 1,7-diphenoxy, 1,7-dipyrrolidinyl, and two 1-phenoxy-7-pyrrolidinyl derivatives have been synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev K Dubey
- Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology , Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Nick Westerveld
- Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology , Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen J Eustace
- Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology , Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ernst J R Sudhölter
- Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology , Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ferdinand C Grozema
- Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology , Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Wolter F Jager
- Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology , Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
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43
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Schulze M, Philipp M, Waigel W, Schmidt D, Würthner F. Library of Azabenz-Annulated Core-Extended Perylene Derivatives with Diverse Substitution Patterns and Tunable Electronic and Optical Properties. J Org Chem 2016; 81:8394-405. [PMID: 27568658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Here, we present a collection of different azabenz-annulated perylene derivatives. By developing new synthetic strategies and improving existing protocols, we have expanded the structural diversity of these dye molecules to a multifunctional class of ligating chromophores. The Pictet-Spengler (PS) reaction of 1-amino-perylenes with different aldehydes is used to modify the terminal substitution pattern. PS transformations of 1,6- and/or 1,7-diamino perylenes result in 2-fold annulated nitrogen-containing coronene-type molecules like anti-(ab)2-PBI 15, syn-(ab)2-PBI 16, and syn-(ab)2-PTE 18. In addition, azabenz-annulated perylene bisanhydrides (ab-PBA 6 and syn-(ab)2-PBA 19) were explored as universal starting materials providing access to any desired imide functionality. Furthermore, a newly developed regioselective nitration procedure for perylene monoimide diesters (PMIDE) enables the synthesis of 1-nitro-PMIDE 10 and thus of azabenz-annulated perylene derivatives with unsymmetric peri-substitution patterns (ab-PMIDE 12 and ab-PMIMA 13). According to our spectroscopic and theoretical investigations, the optical and electrochemical properties of these multifunctional chromophores can easily be modified and adjusted to many desirable applications following the synthetic strategies presented in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Schulze
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Philipp
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Waldemar Waigel
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - David Schmidt
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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44
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Dubey RK, Inan D, Sengupta S, Sudhölter EJR, Grozema FC, Jager WF. Tunable and highly efficient light-harvesting antenna systems based on 1,7-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid derivatives. Chem Sci 2016; 7:3517-3532. [PMID: 29997844 PMCID: PMC6007178 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00386a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient harvesting of solar energy, without interference from electron transfer, is reported for a series of bichromophoric light-harvesting antenna molecules.
We report the synthesis and excited-state dynamics of a series of five bichromophoric light-harvesting antenna systems, which are capable of efficient harvesting of solar energy in the spectral range of 350–580 nm. These antenna systems have been synthesized in a modular fashion by the covalent attachment of blue light absorbing naphthalene monoimide energy donors (D1, D2, and D3) to green light absorbing perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid derived energy acceptors, 1,7-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic tetrabutylester (A1), 1,7-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic monoimide dibutylester (A2), and 1,7-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic bisimide (A3). The energy donors have been linked at the 1,7-bay-positions of the perylene derivatives, thus leaving the peri positions free for further functionalization and device construction. A highly stable and rigid structure, with no electronic communication between the donor and acceptor components, has been realized via an all-aromatic non-conjugated phenoxy spacer between the constituent chromophores. The selection of donor naphthalene derivatives for attachment with perylene derivatives was based on the effective matching of their respective optical properties to achieve efficient excitation energy transfer (EET) by the Förster mechanism. A comprehensive study of the excited-state dynamics, in toluene, revealed quantitative and ultrafast (ca. 1 ps) intramolecular EET from donor naphthalene chromophores to the acceptor perylenes in all the studied systems. Electron transfer from the donor naphthalene chromophores to the acceptor perylenes has not been observed, not even for antenna systems in which this process is thermodynamically allowed. Due to the combination of an efficient and fast energy transfer along with broad absorption in the visible region, these antenna systems are promising materials for solar-to-electric and solar-to-fuel devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev K Dubey
- Laboratory of Organic Materials & Interfaces , Department of Chemical Engineering , Delft University of Technology , Julianalaan 136 , 2628BL Delft , The Netherlands . .,Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials , Department of Chemical Engineering , Delft University of Technology , Julianalaan 136 , 2628BL Delft , The Netherlands
| | - Damla Inan
- Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials , Department of Chemical Engineering , Delft University of Technology , Julianalaan 136 , 2628BL Delft , The Netherlands
| | - Sanchita Sengupta
- Laboratory of Organic Materials & Interfaces , Department of Chemical Engineering , Delft University of Technology , Julianalaan 136 , 2628BL Delft , The Netherlands . .,Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials , Department of Chemical Engineering , Delft University of Technology , Julianalaan 136 , 2628BL Delft , The Netherlands
| | - Ernst J R Sudhölter
- Laboratory of Organic Materials & Interfaces , Department of Chemical Engineering , Delft University of Technology , Julianalaan 136 , 2628BL Delft , The Netherlands .
| | - Ferdinand C Grozema
- Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials , Department of Chemical Engineering , Delft University of Technology , Julianalaan 136 , 2628BL Delft , The Netherlands
| | - Wolter F Jager
- Laboratory of Organic Materials & Interfaces , Department of Chemical Engineering , Delft University of Technology , Julianalaan 136 , 2628BL Delft , The Netherlands .
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45
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Sariola-Leikas E, Ahmed Z, Vivo P, Ojanperä A, Lahtonen K, Saari J, Valden M, Lemmetyinen H, Efimov A. Color Bricks: Building Highly Organized and Strongly Absorbing Multicomponent Arrays of Terpyridyl Perylenes on Metal Oxide Surfaces. Chemistry 2016; 22:1501-10. [PMID: 26632758 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Terpyridine-substituted perylenes containing cyclic anhydrides in the peri position were synthesized. The anhydride group served as an anchor for assembly of the terpyridyl-crowned chromophores as monomolecular layers on metal oxide surfaces. Further coordination with Zn(2+) ions allowed for layer-by-layer formation of supramolecular assemblies of perylene imides on the solid substrates. With properly selected anchor and linker molecules it was possible to build high quality structures of greater than ten successive layers by a simple and straightforward procedure. The prepared films were stable and had a broad spectral coverage and high absorbance. To demonstrate their potential use, the synthesized dyes were employed in solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells, and electron injection from the perylene antennas to titanium dioxide was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essi Sariola-Leikas
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, 33101, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Zafar Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, 33101, Tampere, Finland
| | - Paola Vivo
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, 33101, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anniina Ojanperä
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, 33101, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kimmo Lahtonen
- Surface Science Laboratory, Optoelectronics Research Centre, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box. 692, 33101, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jesse Saari
- Surface Science Laboratory, Optoelectronics Research Centre, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box. 692, 33101, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mika Valden
- Surface Science Laboratory, Optoelectronics Research Centre, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box. 692, 33101, Tampere, Finland
| | - Helge Lemmetyinen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, 33101, Tampere, Finland
| | - Alexander Efimov
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, 33101, Tampere, Finland
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46
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Leowanawat P, Nowak-Król A, Würthner F. Tetramethoxy-bay-substituted perylene bisimides by copper-mediated cross-coupling. Org Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qo00047a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CuBr-mediated cross-coupling of 1,6,7,12-tetrabromo-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid ester or bis(dicarboximide) with NaOMe affords the respective tetramethoxy-perylene derivatives which are excellent green and red emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawaret Leowanawat
- Universität Würzburg
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - Agnieszka Nowak-Król
- Universität Würzburg
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Universität Würzburg
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
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47
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Dubey RK, Westerveld N, Sudhölter EJR, Grozema FC, Jager WF. Novel derivatives of 1,6,7,12-tetrachloroperylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid: synthesis, electrochemical and optical properties. Org Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qo00374e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Facile synthesis and opto-electrochemical properties of various unsymmetrically “peri”-substituted perylene derivatives, with four chloro-atoms at the bay-positions, have been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev K. Dubey
- Laboratory of Organic Materials & Interfaces
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Delft University of Technology
- 2629 HZ Delft
- The Netherlands
| | - Nick Westerveld
- Laboratory of Organic Materials & Interfaces
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Delft University of Technology
- 2629 HZ Delft
- The Netherlands
| | - Ernst J. R. Sudhölter
- Laboratory of Organic Materials & Interfaces
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Delft University of Technology
- 2629 HZ Delft
- The Netherlands
| | - Ferdinand C. Grozema
- Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Delft University of Technology
- 2629 HZ Delft
- The Netherlands
| | - Wolter F. Jager
- Laboratory of Organic Materials & Interfaces
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Delft University of Technology
- 2629 HZ Delft
- The Netherlands
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48
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Dubey RK, Knorr G, Westerveld N, Jager WF. Fluorescent PET probes based on perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic tetraesters. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:1564-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02540k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate that perylene tetraester-based fluorescent PET probes with aniline receptors attached at the bay-positions are superior pH-sensitive “light-up” probes, with high fluorescence quantum yields ΦF and huge fluorescent enhancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev K. Dubey
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Delft University of Technology
- 2628BL Delft
- The Netherlands
| | - Gergely Knorr
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- 1519 Budapest
- Hungary
| | - Nick Westerveld
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Delft University of Technology
- 2628BL Delft
- The Netherlands
| | - Wolter F. Jager
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Delft University of Technology
- 2628BL Delft
- The Netherlands
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49
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Würthner F, Saha-Möller CR, Fimmel B, Ogi S, Leowanawat P, Schmidt D. Perylene Bisimide Dye Assemblies as Archetype Functional Supramolecular Materials. Chem Rev 2015; 116:962-1052. [PMID: 26270260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 963] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Chantu R Saha-Möller
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Fimmel
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Soichiro Ogi
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Pawaret Leowanawat
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - David Schmidt
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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50
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Chen KY, Chang CW, Tsai HY. 1,6- and 1,7-Regioisomers of Highly Soluble Amino-Substituted Perylene Tetracarboxylic Dianhydrides: Synthesis, Optical and Electrochemical Properties. MATERIALS 2015; 8:4943-4960. [PMID: 28793483 PMCID: PMC5455523 DOI: 10.3390/ma8084943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
1,6- and 1,7-regioisomers of diamino-substituted perylene tetracarboxylic dianhydrides (PTCDs) with different n-alkyl chain lengths (n = 6, 12 or 18) were synthesized and characterized by NMR spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry. These dyes are highly soluble in most organic solvents and even in nonpolar solvents, such as hexane. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time the 1,6-diamino-substituted PTCDs (2a-2c) have been obtained in pure form. The regioisomers 1a-1c (1,7-) and 2a-2c (1,6-) exhibit significant differences in their optical characteristics. In addition to the longest wavelength absorption band at around 674 nm, 2a-2c exhibit another shoulder band at ca. 600 nm, and consequently, cover a large part of the visible region relative to those of 1a-1c. Upon excitation, 2a-2c also show larger dipole moment changes than those of 1a-1c; the dipole moments of all compounds have been estimated using Lippert-Mataga equation. Moreover, all the dyes show a unique charge transfer emission in the near-infrared region, of which the peak wavelengths exhibit strong solvatochromism. They all exhibit one irreversible one-electron oxidation and two quasi-reversible one-electron reductions in dichloromethane at modest potentials. Complementary density functional theory calculations performed on these chromophores are reported in order to rationalize their electronic structure and optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kew-Yu Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan.
| | - Che-Wei Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan.
| | - Hsing-Yang Tsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan.
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