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Ji P, Duan K, Li M, Wang Z, Meng X, Zhang Y, Wang W. Photochemical dearomative skeletal modifications of heteroaromatics. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:6600-6624. [PMID: 38817197 PMCID: PMC11181993 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00137k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Dearomatization has emerged as a powerful tool for rapid construction of 3D molecular architectures from simple, abundant, and planar (hetero)arenes. The field has evolved beyond simple dearomatization driven by new synthetic technology development. With the renaissance of photocatalysis and expansion of the activation mode, the last few years have witnessed impressive developments in innovative photochemical dearomatization methodologies, enabling skeletal modifications of dearomatized structures. They offer truly efficient and useful tools for facile construction of highly complex structures, which are viable for natural product synthesis and drug discovery. In this review, we aim to provide a mechanistically insightful overview on these innovations based on the degree of skeletal alteration, categorized into dearomative functionalization and skeletal editing, and to highlight their synthetic utilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ji
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
| | - Kuaikuai Duan
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Menglong Li
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, School of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiang Meng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, USA.
| | - Yueteng Zhang
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, School of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, USA.
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2
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Miller JL, Lawrence JMIA, Rodriguez Del Rey FO, Floreancig PE. Synthetic applications of hydride abstraction reactions by organic oxidants. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:5660-5690. [PMID: 35712818 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01169c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-hydrogen bond functionalizations provide an attractive method for streamlining organic synthesis, and many strategies have been developed for conducting these transformations. Hydride-abstracting reactions have emerged as extremely effective methods for oxidative bond-forming processes due to their mild reaction conditions and high chemoselectivity. This review will predominantly focus on the mechanism, reaction development, natural product synthesis applications, approaches to catalysis, and use in enantioselective processes for hydride abstractions by quinone, oxoammonium ion, and carbocation oxidants. These are the most commonly employed hydride-abstracting agents, but recent efforts illustrate the potential for weaker ketone and triaryl borane oxidants, which will be covered at the end of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, USA.
| | - Jean-Marc I A Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, USA.
| | | | - Paul E Floreancig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, USA.
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3
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Mineyeva IV. α,β-Unsaturated β-Methyl-δ-lactones in Nitrile Oxide Cycloaddition Reactions. Synthesis of Saturated Lactones and Lactams. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428022060033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Frey M, Klaiber I, Conrad J, Spring O. CYP71BL9, the missing link in costunolide synthesis of sunflower. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 177:112430. [PMID: 32516579 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite intensive research in recent years, the biosynthetic route to costunolide in sunflower so far remained obscured. Additional P450 sequences from public sunflower transcriptomic database were screened to search for candidate enzymes which are able to introduce the 6α-hydroxy-group required for the esterification with the carboxy group of germacarane A acid, the final step in costunolide formation. CYP71BL9, a new P450 enzyme from sunflower was shown to catalyze this hydroxylation, hence being identified as HaCOS. Phylogentically, HaCOS is closer related to HaG8H than to any other known costunolide synthase in Asteraceae.The enzyme was successfully employed to reconstruct the sunflower biosynthesis of costunolide in transformed tobacco. Contrary, in yeast, only minor amounts of sesquiterpene lactone was produced, while 5-hydroxyfarnesylic acid was formed instead. HaCOS in combination with HaG8H produced 8β-hydroxycostunolide (eupatolide) in transformed plants, thus indicating that sunflower possesses two independent modes of eupatolide synthesis via HaCOS and via HaES. The lack of HaCOS expression and of costunolide in trichomes suggests that the enzyme triggers the costunolied synthesis of the inner tissues of sunflower and might be linked to growth regulation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Frey
- Institute of Biology, Biochemistry of Plant Secondary Metabolism (190b), University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Iris Klaiber
- Mass Spectrometry Unit, Core Facility Hohenheim, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Str. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jürgen Conrad
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Otmar Spring
- Institute of Biology, Biochemistry of Plant Secondary Metabolism (190b), University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
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5
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Yao H, Zhou N, Zhang Z, Guan W, Wang H, Cheng H. Recent developments in syntheses of alotaketals and phorbaketals. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Shirley HJ, Bray CD. A biomimetic approach towards phorone sesterterpenoids. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:6985-6988. [PMID: 31290533 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00745h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report an investigation towards a unified total synthesis of the Korean sponge derived sesterterpenoids, phorones A (1) and B (2), via a biomimetic strategy. This work has established a new synthetic strategy to the parent ansellane sesterterpenoid skeleton with unanticipated diversion to a biogenetically related pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry J Shirley
- The School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.
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7
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Shirley HJ, Jamieson ML, Brimble MA, Bray CD. A new family of sesterterpenoids isolated around the Pacific Rim. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 35:210-219. [PMID: 29547216 DOI: 10.1039/c7np00049a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2009 up to the end of 2017 There has been a recent eruption in the number of known marine sesterterpenoids which have been isolated from Pacific Rim marine organisms. These compounds have novel and unusual structures that exhibit incredibly potent and varied bioactivities. This review details the isolation, biological testing and prospects for this exciting new family with discussion of their potential biogenetic origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry J Shirley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Megan L Jamieson
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds St, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
| | - Margaret A Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds St, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
| | - Christopher D Bray
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.
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Sengupta S, Mehta G. Natural products as modulators of the cyclic-AMP pathway: evaluation and synthesis of lead compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:6372-6390. [PMID: 30140804 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01388h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It is now well recognized that the normal cellular response in mammalian cells is critically regulated by the cyclic-AMP (cAMP) pathway through the appropriate balance of adenylyl cyclase (AC) and phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) activities. Dysfunctions in the cAMP pathway have major implications in various diseases like CNS disorders, inflammation and cardiac syndromes and, hence, the modulation of cAMP signalling through appropriate intervention of AC/PDE4 activities has emerged as a promising new drug discovery strategy of current interest. In this context, synthetic small molecules have had limited success so far and therefore parallel efforts on natural product leads have been actively pursued. The early promise of using the diterpene forskolin and its semi-synthetic analogs as AC activators has given way to new leads in the last decade from novel natural products like the marine sesterterpenoids alotaketals and ansellones and the 9,9'-diarylfluorenone cored selaginpulvilins, etc. and their synthesis has drawn much attention. This review captures these contemporary developments, particularly total synthesis campaigns and structure-guided analog design in the context of AC and PDE-4 modulating attributes and the scope for future possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumitra Sengupta
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad - 5000 046, Telengana, India.
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Abstract
Total syntheses of biologically and structurally fascinating sesterterpenoids published between Jan. 2012 and Jan. 2018 are summarized and discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuye Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences
- University of Macau
- China
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences
- University of Macau
- China
| | - Shaoping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences
- University of Macau
- China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M. Caplan
- Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Paul E. Floreancig
- Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
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11
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Caplan SM, Floreancig PE. Total Synthesis of Divergolides E and H. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:15866-15870. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott M. Caplan
- Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Paul E. Floreancig
- Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
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12
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Morales-Rivera CA, Floreancig PE, Liu P. Predictive Model for Oxidative C–H Bond Functionalization Reactivity with 2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:17935-17944. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul E. Floreancig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Seewon Joung
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Rira Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Yoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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14
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Cheng H, Zhang Z, Yao H, Zhang W, Yu J, Tong R. Unified Asymmetric Total Syntheses of (−)-Alotaketals A-D and (−)-Phorbaketal A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Cheng
- Department of Chemistry; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Kowloon HK China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Kowloon HK China
| | - Hongliang Yao
- Department of Chemistry; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Kowloon HK China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Kowloon HK China
| | - Jingxun Yu
- Department of Chemistry; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Kowloon HK China
| | - Rongbiao Tong
- Department of Chemistry; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Kowloon HK China
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15
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Cheng H, Zhang Z, Yao H, Zhang W, Yu J, Tong R. Unified Asymmetric Total Syntheses of (−)-Alotaketals A-D and (−)-Phorbaketal A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:9096-9100. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Cheng
- Department of Chemistry; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Kowloon HK China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Kowloon HK China
| | - Hongliang Yao
- Department of Chemistry; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Kowloon HK China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Kowloon HK China
| | - Jingxun Yu
- Department of Chemistry; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Kowloon HK China
| | - Rongbiao Tong
- Department of Chemistry; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Kowloon HK China
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16
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Shirley HJ, Bray CD. Spiroketal Formation by Cascade Oxidative Dearomatization: An Approach to the Phorbaketal Skeleton. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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17
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Gao S, Zhang Y, Dong J, Chen N, Xu J. Synthesis of functionalized 5-substituted thiazolidine-2-thiones via adscititious xanthate-promoted radical cyclization of allyl(alkyl/aryl)dithiocarbamates. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:1002-12. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02297e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An adscititious radical precursor-promoted cyclization is designed and realized in efficient synthesis of functionalized 5-substituted thiazolidine-2-thiones from alkyl allyl(alkyl/aryl)dithiocarbamates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simiao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
| | - Jun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
| | - Ning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
| | - Jiaxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
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Chen X, Fan H, Zhang S, Yu C, Wang W. Facile Installation of 2-Reverse Prenyl Functionality into Indoles by a Tandem N-Alkylation-Aza-Cope Rearrangement Reaction and Its Application in Synthesis. Chemistry 2015; 22:716-23. [PMID: 26586470 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented tandem N-alkylation-ionic aza-Cope (or Claisen) rearrangement-hydrolysis reaction of readily available indolyl bromides with enamines is described. Due to the complicated nature of the two processes, an operationally simple N-alkylation and subsequent microwave-irradiated ionic aza-Cope rearrangement-hydrolysis process has been uncovered. The tandem reaction serves as a powerful approach to the preparation of synthetically and biologically important, but challenging, 2-reverse quaternary-centered prenylated indoles with high efficiency. Notably, unusual nonaromatic 3-methylene-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole architectures, instead of aromatic indoles, are produced. Furthermore, the aza-Cope rearrangement reaction proceeds highly regioselectively to give the quaternary-centered reverse prenyl functionality, which often produces a mixture of two regioisomers by reported methods. The synthetic value of the resulting nonaromatic 3-methylene-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole architectures has been demonstrated as versatile building blocks in the efficient synthesis of structurally diverse 2-reverse prenylated indoles, such as indolines, indole-fused sultams and lactams, and the natural product bruceolline D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, Shanghai 200237 (P. R. China). , .,Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, MSC03 2060, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001 (USA), Fax: (+1)505-277-2609. ,
| | - Huaqiang Fan
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, Shanghai 200237 (P. R. China)
| | - Shilei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, MSC03 2060, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001 (USA), Fax: (+1)505-277-2609.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123 (P.R. China)
| | - Chenguang Yu
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, MSC03 2060, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001 (USA), Fax: (+1)505-277-2609
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, Shanghai 200237 (P. R. China). , .,Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, MSC03 2060, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001 (USA), Fax: (+1)505-277-2609. ,
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Affiliation(s)
- GuangRong Peh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Paul E. Floreancig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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