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Fitzgerald SA, Xiao X, Zhao J, Horton PN, Coles SJ, Knighton RC, Ward BD, Pope SJA. Organometallic Platinum(II) Photosensitisers that Demonstrate Ligand-Modulated Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Energy Upconversion Efficiencies. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203241. [PMID: 36394514 PMCID: PMC10107691 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2-phenylquinoxaline ligands have been synthesised that introduce either CF3 or OCF3 electron-withdrawing groups at different positions of the phenyl ring. These ligands were investigated as cyclometalating reagents for platinum(II) to give neutral complexes of the form [Pt(C^N)(acac)] (in which C^N=cyclometalating ligand; acac=acetyl acetonate). X-ray crystallographic studies on three examples showed that the complexes adopt an approximate square planar geometry. All examples revealed strong Pt-Pt linear contacts of 3.2041(6), 3.2199(3) and 3.2586(2) Å. The highly coloured complexes display efficient visible absorption at 400-500 nm (ϵ ≈5000 M-1 cm-1 ) and orange red photoluminescent characteristics (λem =603-620 nm; Φem ≤37 %), which were subtly tuned by the ligand. Triplet emitting character was confirmed by microsecond luminescence lifetimes and the photogeneration of singlet oxygen with quantum efficiencies up to 57 %. Each complex was investigated as a photosensitiser for triplet-triplet annihilation energy upconversion using 9,10-diphenylanthracene as the annihilator species: a range of good upconversion efficiencies (ΦUC 5.9-14.1 %) were observed and shown to be strongly influenced by the ligand structure in each case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie A Fitzgerald
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Xiao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P.R. China
| | - Peter N Horton
- UK National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, University of Southampton Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Simon J Coles
- UK National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, University of Southampton Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Richard C Knighton
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Benjamin D Ward
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Simon J A Pope
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
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Fitzgerald SA, Otaif HY, Elgar CE, Sawicka N, Horton PN, Coles SJ, Beames JM, Pope SJA. Polysubstituted Ligand Framework for Color Tuning Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:15467-15484. [PMID: 34605234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of ligands have been synthesized based upon a polysubstituted 2-phenylquinoxaline core structure. These ligands introduce different combinations of fluorine and methyl substituents on both the phenyl and quinoxaline constituent rings. The resultant investigation of these species as cyclometalating agents for Ir(III) gave cationic complexes of the form [Ir(C^N)2(bipy)]PF6 (where C^N = cyclometalating ligand; bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine). X-ray crystallographic studies were conducted on four complexes and each revealed the expected distorted octahedral geometry based upon a cis-C,C and trans-N,N ligand arrangement at Ir(III). Supporting computational studies predict that each of the complexes share the same general descriptions for the frontier orbitals. TD-DFT calculations suggest MLCT contributions to the lowest energy absorption and a likely MLCT/ILCT/LLCT nature to the emitting state. Experimentally, the complexes display tunable luminescence across the yellow-orange-red part of the visible spectrum (λem = 579-655 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie A Fitzgerald
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Haleema Y Otaif
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher E Elgar
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia Sawicka
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Peter N Horton
- UK National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, England, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J Coles
- UK National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, England, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph M Beames
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J A Pope
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, United Kingdom
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Zhang H, Shen J, Yang Z, Cui X. PIDA-mediated intramolecular oxidative C-N bond formation for the direct synthesis of quinoxalines from enaminones. RSC Adv 2019; 9:7718-7722. [PMID: 35521175 PMCID: PMC9061175 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01200a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A intramolecular oxidative C(sp2)-N bond formation mediated by hypervalent iodine(iii) to obtain quinoxalines from readily available N-(2-acetaminophenyl)enaminones was developed. A tandem process involving PIDA-mediated intramolecular condensation cyclization and a subsequent elimination was postulated, which was highly efficient and metal-free under mild conditions. Moreover, flexible structural modifications of quinoxalines bearing carbonyl groups are of interest for further transformations as building blocks in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
| | - Jinhai Shen
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
| | - Zhenhui Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
| | - Xiuling Cui
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
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Deev SL, Khalymbadzha IA, Shestakova TS, Charushin VN, Chupakhin ON. 15N labeling and analysis of 13C–15N and 1H–15N couplings in studies of the structures and chemical transformations of nitrogen heterocycles. RSC Adv 2019; 9:26856-26879. [PMID: 35528595 PMCID: PMC9070671 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04825a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides a generalization of effective examples of 15N labeling followed by an analysis of JCN and JHN couplings in solution as a tool to study the structural aspects and pathways of chemical transformations in nitrogen heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey L. Deev
- Ural Federal University
- 620002 Yekaterinburg
- Russian Federation
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis
- 620219 Yekaterinburg
| | | | | | - Valery N. Charushin
- Ural Federal University
- 620002 Yekaterinburg
- Russian Federation
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis
- 620219 Yekaterinburg
| | - Oleg N. Chupakhin
- Ural Federal University
- 620002 Yekaterinburg
- Russian Federation
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis
- 620219 Yekaterinburg
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Ibrahim IT, Talaat HM, Ayad RA, Farah K. Preclinical Evaluation of Radioiodinated Quinoxaline Derivative as a Possible Brain Imaging Agent. RADIOCHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1066362218060127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ibrahim IT, Abdelhalim SM, Sanad MH, Motaleb MA. Radioiodination of 3-amino-2-quinoxalinecarbonitrile 1,4-dioxide and its biological distribution in Erhlich ascites cancer bearing mice as a preclinical tumor imaging agent. RADIOCHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1066362217030146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mathew T, Papp AÁ, Paknia F, Fustero S, Surya Prakash GK. Benzodiazines: recent synthetic advances. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:3060-3094. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00082k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent developments in synthetic strategies for benzodiazines, important scaffolds in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Mathew
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Attila Á. Papp
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Farzaneh Paknia
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Santos Fustero
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Valencia
- E – 46100 Burjassot (Valencia)
- Spain
| | - G. K. Surya Prakash
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
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An efficient protocol for the synthesis of benzoheterocyclic compounds via solid-state melt reaction (SSMR). Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.08.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Dehamchia M, Régaïnia Z. Conventional and microwave-assisted solvent-free synthesis of fused [1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-b]quinoxaline-2,2-dioxide derivatives. J Sulphur Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2012.729589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Dehamchia
- a Laboratory of Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry , Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 , Leuven , Belgium
- b Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Chemistry of Heterocycles Group, Department of Chemistry , Badji Mokhtar University of Annaba , PO Box 12, Annaba , 23000 , Algeria
| | - Zine Régaïnia
- a Laboratory of Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry , Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 , Leuven , Belgium
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Synthesis and structures of novel enantiopure inherently chiral calix[4]arene-derived salphen ligands and their transition-metal complexes. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wu X, Gorden AEV. 2-Quinoxalinol Salen Copper Complexes for Oxidation of Aryl Methylenes. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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One-pot metal templated synthesis for the preparation of 2-quinoxalinol salen metal complexes. Polyhedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2008.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Wu X, Gorden AE. 2-Quinoxalinol salen ligands incorporated into functionalized resins for selective solid-phase extraction of copper(II). Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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