1
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Babu SA, A A, Mohan M, Paul N, Mathew J, John J. Tandem Reactions of Electrophilic Indoles toward Indolizines and Their Subsequent Transformations through Pd(II)-Mediated C-H Functionalization to Access Polyring-Fused N-Heterocycles. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:16196-16206. [PMID: 38617644 PMCID: PMC11007710 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
A simple and efficient synthetic approach for generating a library of structurally novel indolizines has been developed via sequential 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition-ring opening processes. Using this methodology, a series of indolizines bearing different substituents were made in moderate to good yields. The presence of two functionalizable C-H bonds in these indolizine motifs makes them attractive for accessing fused indolizine scaffolds. In this line, we have introduced palladium-mediated site-selective C-H functionalizations, where the N-center and the two C-H centers of the indolizine moiety can be readily functionalized to generate fused N-heterocycles. Utilizing a Pd-mediated dual C-H activation of 5-benzoyl-substituted indolizine afforded 6H-indeno-indolizine, and a tetracene, viz., indolizino[2,1-b]indoles, was produced in the same substrate by the Pd-catalyzed selective C-H amination in the presence of oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheba Ann Babu
- Chemical
Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National
Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Aparna A
- Chemical
Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National
Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
| | - Malavika Mohan
- Chemical
Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National
Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
| | - Namitha Paul
- Chemical
Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National
Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
| | - Jomon Mathew
- Research
and Post-Graduate Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph’s College, Devagiri, Calicut 673008, India
| | - Jubi John
- Chemical
Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National
Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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2
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Marten I, Podlech J. Synthesis of Helical Indolophenanthridines Showing Aggregation-Induced Emission. Org Lett 2024; 26:1148-1153. [PMID: 38299989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Helical indolo[2,3-k]- and [3,2-a]phenanthridines were synthesized from amines by amide formation and Morgan-Walls cyclization. The synthetic routes offer the advantage of late-stage derivatization and do not require protecting groups, which makes the compounds directly suitable for further functionalization. The compounds exhibit remarkable acid-dependent bathochromic shifts of the luminescence, solvatochromism, and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) behavior, which make them especially interesting candidates for studies toward optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inka Marten
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstraße 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Joachim Podlech
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstraße 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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3
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Yaragorla S, Khan T, Raoof J. Cu-Catalyzed Oxidative C(sp 2)-H Cycloetherification of o-Alkenyl Arenols for the Preparation of Fused Furans. J Org Chem 2024; 89:34-43. [PMID: 38079266 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
A practically efficient, copper-catalyzed approach for the synthesis of functionally embellished indeno-naphthofurans is developed from 1-(1H-inden-3-yl)naphthalen-2-ols. This intramolecular cycloetherification proceeds via C(sp2)-H oxygenation (C-H bond breaking and C-O bond forming), which enables the atom-economical synthesis of poly fused furans in high yields with large substrate diversity in the open air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasarao Yaragorla
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Tabassum Khan
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Jazeel Raoof
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
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4
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Xu Z, Wu D, Fang C, Li Y. Mini-review on the novel synthesis and potential applications of carbazole and its derivatives. Des Monomers Polym 2023; 26:90-105. [PMID: 37008385 PMCID: PMC10062212 DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2023.2194174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Microporous organic polymers (MOPs) are a new type of porous materials, which have advantages of synthetic diversity, chemical and physical stability, microporous size controllability, etc. MOPs indicate broad applications in various fields such as heterogeneous catalysis, gas adsorption, separation, and storage. In recent years, MOPs have attracted an enormous attention in greenhouse gas capture due to their great potential in physisorptive gas storage. Carbazole and its derivatives have been studied extensively as Metal-Organic Polyhedra (MOPs) building blocks due to their unique structural features and versatile functionalization possibilities. This paper systematically reviews the synthesis, characterization and application of carbazole-based polymers, and relationship of structures and properties of these polymers. The application of the polymers in carbon dioxide (CO2) capture field is analysed taking advantage of their adjustable microporous structure and electron rich properties. This review also provides novel insights regarding functional polymer materials that have high ability of greenhouse gas capture and absorbing selectivity will be obtained by reasonable molecular design and efficient synthesis.
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5
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Kim KM, Sutar SM, Kalkhambkar RG, Refat MS, Alsuhaibani AM. Microwave and Ultrasonic‐Assisted Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Carbazoles And Dibenzofurans from Biaryl‐Triazenes Promoted by Acidic Ionic Liquid. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Min Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical science and technology Kyungsung University Busan 608-736 Korea
| | - Suraj M. Sutar
- Department of Chemistry Karnatak University's Karnatak Science College Dharwad Karnatak 580001 India
| | - Rajesh G. Kalkhambkar
- Department of Chemistry Karnatak University's Karnatak Science College Dharwad Karnatak 580001 India
| | - Moamen S. Refat
- Department of Chemistry College of Science Taif University P.O. Box 11099 Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Amnah Mohammed Alsuhaibani
- Department of Physical Sport Science College of Education Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh 11671 Saudi Arabia
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6
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Tiwari MK, Iqubal A, Das P. Intramolecular oxidative C–N bond formation under metal-free conditions: One-pot global functionalization of pyrazole ring. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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7
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Zhao YH, Chen JH, Liu M, Zhou YB, Wu H. Palladium‐Catalyzed Sequential C−H Activation/Amination of 2‐Iodobiphenyls with Benzoisoxazoles for Synthesis of Carbazoles. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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8
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Ravindar L, Hasbullah SA, Hassan NI, Qin HL. Cross‐Coupling of C‐H and N‐H Bonds: a Hydrogen Evolution Strategy for the Construction of C‐N Bonds. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lekkala Ravindar
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Fakulti Teknologi dan Sains Maklumat Chemical Sciences Faculty of Science & Technology 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi MALAYSIA
| | - Siti Aishah Hasbullah
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi Chemical Sciences Faculty of Science & Technology 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi MALAYSIA
| | - Nurul Izzaty Hassan
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi Chemical Sciences Faculty of Science & Technology 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi MALAYSIA
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- Wuhan University of Technology School of Chemistry 430070 Hubei CHINA
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Li He
- Harbin Institute of Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Yongjun Xu
- Harbin Institute of Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
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10
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Tao Y, Hu R, Xie Z, Lin P, Su W. Cobalt-Catalyzed Regioselective para-Amination of Azobenzenes via Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Hydrogen. J Org Chem 2022; 87:4724-4731. [PMID: 35290054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The metal-catalyzed nucleophilic aromatic substitution of hydrogen (SNArH) via coordination of the substituent on the aromatic ring to the metal catalyst, in terms of reactivity, substrate type, and reaction selectivity, complements the transition metal-catalyzed C-H functionalization that proceeds via C-H metalation but remains an elusive target. Described herein is the development of an unprecedented cobalt-catalyzed para-selective amination of azobenzenes, which is essentially a metal-promoted SNArH process as revealed by Hammett analysis, thus illustrating the concept that coordination of the substituent on the arene ring to the metal catalyst may result in electrophilic activation of the arene ring toward SNArH. This cobalt-catalyzed protocol allows the use of a variety of both aliphatic amines and anilines as aminating reagents, tolerates electronically diverse substituents of azobenzene, and furnishes the corresponding products in good yields with a regiospecific selectivity for para-amination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yigao Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China.,School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.,Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Rong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China.,School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.,Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zeyu Xie
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Ping Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Weiping Su
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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11
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Campbell E, Taladriz-Sender A, Paisley OI, Kennedy AR, Bush JT, Burley GA. A Chemo- and Regioselective Tandem [3 + 2]Heteroannulation Strategy for Carbazole Synthesis: Combining Two Mechanistically Distinct Bond-Forming Processes. J Org Chem 2022; 87:4603-4616. [PMID: 35302774 PMCID: PMC8981337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A modular approach to prepare tri-
and tetracyclic carbazoles by
a sequential [3 + 2]heteroannulation is described. First, optimization
of Pd-catalyzed Buchwald–Hartwig amination followed by C/N-arylation
in a one-pot process is established. Second, mechanistic analyses
identified the origins of chemo- and regioselective sequential control
of both bond-forming steps. Finally, the substrate scope is demonstrated
by the preparation of a range of tri- and tetracyclic carbazoles,
including expedient access to several natural products and anti-cancer
agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Campbell
- Department of Pure Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Andrea Taladriz-Sender
- Department of Pure Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Olivia I Paisley
- Department of Pure Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- Department of Pure Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Jacob T Bush
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Glenn A Burley
- Department of Pure Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
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12
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Chatterjee A, Radhakrishnan D, Bandyopadhyay D, Kanchithalaivan S, Peruncheralathan S. Metal‐free ring opening of 5‐amino‐1,
4‐diaryl‐1
H
‐pyrazoles: A facile access to 2‐aryl‐3‐arylazoacrylonitriles. J Heterocycl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Chatterjee
- School of Chemical Sciences National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar India
| | - Divya Radhakrishnan
- School of Chemical Sciences National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar India
| | - Debashruti Bandyopadhyay
- School of Chemical Sciences National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar India
| | - Selvaraj Kanchithalaivan
- School of Chemical Sciences National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar India
| | - Saravanan Peruncheralathan
- School of Chemical Sciences National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar India
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13
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Van Emelen L, Henrion M, Lemmens R, De Vos D. C–N coupling reactions with arenes through C–H activation: the state-of-the-art versus the principles of green chemistry. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy01827b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we discuss the state-of-the-art in arene C–N coupling through C–H activation and to what extent it complies with the principles of green chemistry, with a focus on heterogeneously catalysed systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Van Emelen
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven Chem & Tech, Celestijnenlaan 200F Postbox 2454, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Mickaël Henrion
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven Chem & Tech, Celestijnenlaan 200F Postbox 2454, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Robin Lemmens
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven Chem & Tech, Celestijnenlaan 200F Postbox 2454, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Dirk De Vos
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven Chem & Tech, Celestijnenlaan 200F Postbox 2454, Heverlee, Belgium
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14
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Beletskaya IP, Averin AD. Metal-catalyzed reactions for the C(sp2)–N bond formation: achievements of recent years. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The review deals with the main catalytic methods for the C(sp2)–N bond formation, including Buchwald–Hartwig palladium-catalyzed amination of aryl and heteroaryl halides, renaissance of the Ullmann chemistry, i.e., the application of catalysis by copper complexes to form the carbon–nitrogen bond, and Chan–Lam reactions of (hetero)arylboronic acids with amines. Also, oxidative amination with C–H activation, which has been booming during the last decade, is addressed. Particular attention is paid to achievements in the application of heterogenized catalysts.
The bibliography includes 350 references.
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15
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Humke JN, Daley RA, Morrenzin AS, Neufeldt SR, Topczewski JJ. Combined Experimental and Computational Mechanistic Investigation of the Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Cross-Coupling of Sodium Benzoates with Chloroarenes. J Org Chem 2021; 86:11419-11433. [PMID: 34339213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Reported herein is a mechanistic investigation into the palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative cross-coupling of sodium benzoates and chloroarenes. The reaction was found to be first-order in Pd. A minimal substituent effect was observed with respect to chloroarene, and the reaction was zero-order with respect to chloroarene. Palladium-mediated decarboxylation was assigned as the turnover-limiting step based on an Eyring plot and density functional theory computations. Catalyst performance was found to vary based on the electrophile, which is best explained by catalyst decomposition at Pd(0). The 1,5-cyclooctadiene (COD) ligand contained in the precatalyst CODPd(CH2TMS)2 (Pd1) was shown to be a beneficial additive. The bench-stable Buchwald complex XPhosPdG2 could be used with exogenous COD and 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',4',6'-triisopropylbiphenyl (XPhos) instead of complex Pd1. Adding exogenous XPhos significantly increased the catalyst turnover number and enhanced reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna N Humke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Ryan A Daley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Aaron S Morrenzin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Sharon R Neufeldt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Joseph J Topczewski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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16
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17
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Youn SW, Cho CG. Transition-metal-catalyzed ortho-selective C-H functionalization reactions of free phenols. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:5028-5047. [PMID: 34027964 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00506e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Phenols are important readily available chemical feedstocks and versatile synthetic building blocks for diverse synthetic transformations. Their motifs are prevalent in a diverse array of natural products, pharmaceuticals, functional materials, and privileged chiral ligands. Consequently, the development of facile and direct site-selective C-H bond functionalization of free phenols is of great importance and considerable interest to both industry and academic research. Over the past decades, transition-metal-catalyzed C-H bond functionalization has become as a powerful synthetic tool in organic synthesis. In this review, we provide a brief overview of recent progress in the transition-metal-catalyzed direct ortho-selective C-H functionalization of free phenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Won Youn
- Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
| | - Cheon-Gyu Cho
- Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
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18
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Puthanveedu M, Khamraev V, Brieger L, Strohmann C, Antonchick AP. Electrochemical Dehydrogenative C(sp 2 )-H Amination. Chemistry 2021; 27:8008-8012. [PMID: 33931904 PMCID: PMC8251997 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A transition-metal-free direct electrolytic C-H amination involving an electrochemically generated nitrenium ion intermediate has been developed. The electrosynthesis takes place in the absence of any organoiodine catalysts and is enabled by an in situ generated electrolyte. A novel, efficient intramolecular and intermolecular C-H amination has been demonstrated using a simple reaction setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Puthanveedu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare PhysiologieAbteilung Chemische BiologieOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227DortmundGermany
- Technische Universität DortmundFakultät für Chemie und Chemische BiologieChemische BiologieOtto-Hahn-Straße 4a44221DortmundGermany
| | - Vladislav Khamraev
- Technische Universität DortmundFakultät für Chemie und Chemische BiologieChemische BiologieOtto-Hahn-Straße 4a44221DortmundGermany
- North Caucasus Federal UniversityDepartment of Chemistry1a Pushkin St.355009StavropolRussian Federation
- Present address: D. I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia9 Miusskaya Square, 125047MoscowRussian Federation
| | - Lukas Brieger
- Technische Universität DortmundFakultät für Chemie und Chemische BiologieAnorganische ChemieOtto-Hahn-Straße 644227DortmundGermany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Technische Universität DortmundFakultät für Chemie und Chemische BiologieAnorganische ChemieOtto-Hahn-Straße 644227DortmundGermany
| | - Andrey P. Antonchick
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare PhysiologieAbteilung Chemische BiologieOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227DortmundGermany
- Technische Universität DortmundFakultät für Chemie und Chemische BiologieChemische BiologieOtto-Hahn-Straße 4a44221DortmundGermany
- Nottingham Trent UniversityCollege of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Chemistry and ForensicsClifton LaneNG11 8NSNottinghamUK
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19
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Synthesis of indoles, indolines, and carbazoles via palladium-catalyzed C–H activation. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2021; 2:216-227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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20
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Umadevi N, Kumar G, Reddy NG, Reddy BS. Recent Advances in C–H Activation and Functionalization of Quinazolinones/ Quinazolines. CURR ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824999201210180732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the transition metal-catalyzed direct C–H functionalization
of quinazolinones and quinazolines through C-C, C-N and C-O bond formations. It focuses
mainly on the C-H (sp<sup>2</sup> or sp<sup>3</sup>) bond arylation, amination, sulfamidation, acetoxylation,
halogenation, annulation of quinazolinones and quinazolines. This review illustrates the scope
of C-H activation and functionalization of various quinazolinone and quinazoline derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Umadevi
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - G. Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - N.C. Gangi Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India
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21
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Takishima R, Nishii Y, Miura M. Synthesis and Optical Properties of Axially Chiral Bibenzo[ b]carbazole Derivatives. Org Lett 2021; 23:1349-1354. [PMID: 33533627 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pure organic materials with the circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) property have attracted significant research interest over the past few decades. In this study, a series of axially chiral bibenzo[b]carbazole derivatives were synthesized by adopting palladium- and iridium-catalyzed direct C-H functionalization reactions as the key steps. These compounds exhibited CPL characteristics with considerably large dissymmetry factors up to 2.81 × 10-2 in the solid state, indicating the formation of well-ordered aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Takishima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuji Nishii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiro Miura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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22
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Dinda E, Bhunia SK, Jana R. Palladium-Catalyzed Cascade Reactions for Annulative π -Extension of Indoles to Carbazoles through C–H Bond Activation. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824999200817170058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The annulative π-extension (APEX) reactions through C-H bond activation has
tremendous potential to access fused aromatic systems from relatively simple aromatic
compounds in a single step. This state-of-the-art technique has the ability to streamline the
synthesis of functionalized materials useful in material science, biomedical research, agroand
pharmaceutical industries. Furthermore, C-H activation strategy does not require prefunctionalization
steps, which allows for the late-stage modification of the functional
molecule with requisite molecular properties. Owing to their unique photophysical properties,
carbazoles are widely used in photovoltaic cells, biomedical imaging, fluorescent
polymer, etc. It is also ubiquitously found in many natural products, agrochemicals and
privileged medicinal scaffolds. Hence, direct conversion of easily accessible indole to carbazole
remains an active research area. In the last decades, significant advancement has
been made to access carbazole moiety directly from indole through cascade C-H activation. The underlying
mechanism behind this cascade π-extension strategy is the facile electrophilic metalation at the C-3 position of
the indole moiety, 1,2- migration and electro cyclization. In this review, we will discuss recent literature reports
for the palladium-catalyzed π-extension of indole to carbazole moiety through C-H bond activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enakshi Dinda
- Department of Chemistry and Environment, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata-700107, India
| | - Samir Kumar Bhunia
- Department of Chemistry, Midnapore College (autonomous), Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, India
| | - Ranjan Jana
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIRIndian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
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23
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Wang PL, Wang Y, Li Y, Wang XS. Rh(III)-Catalyzed N-Nitroso Directed C-H Arylation for Facile Construction of Diverse N-Hetero Biaryl Compounds. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:3825-3828. [PMID: 33047472 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H arylation reaction of N-nitrosoanilines has been developed in which arylboronic acids were used as arylation reagents. It provides an efficient strategy for the synthesis of N-nitroso-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-amine, which is an important starting material for the synthesis of N-hetero biaryl compounds, such as 2-amine-1,1'-biphenyl, carbazole, phenanthridone. This protocol can be applied to various N-alkyl substituted N-nitrosoanilines and N-nitrosoanilines with substituents on the phenyl ring. Arylboronic acids with both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups are tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Long Wang
- Department of chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China.,Department of chemistry, Huaibei Normal University, 100 Dongshan Road, Huaibei, Anhui, 235000, P. R. China.,Information College, Huaibei Normal University, 100 Dongshan Road, Huaibei, Anhui, 235000, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xi-Sheng Wang
- Department of chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
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24
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Tanaka S, Asako T, Ota E, Yamaguchi J. Synthesis of a Pentaarylcarbazole: Installation of Different Aryl Groups on a Benzenoid Moiety. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Takashi Asako
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Eisuke Ota
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Junichiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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25
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Brendel M, Sakhare PR, Dahiya G, Subramanian P, Kaliappan KP. Serendipitous Synthesis of Pyridoquinazolinones via an Oxidative C–C Bond Cleavage. J Org Chem 2020; 85:8102-8110. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Brendel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Priyanka R. Sakhare
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Gaurav Dahiya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | | | - Krishna P. Kaliappan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science and Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology; Zhejiang University of Technology; 310014 Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Chen-Fu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Gannan Medical University; 341000 Ganzhou P. R. China
| | - Quan Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science and Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology; Zhejiang University of Technology; 310014 Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Guo-Wu Rao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science and Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology; Zhejiang University of Technology; 310014 Hangzhou P. R. China
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27
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Kaur N, Verma Y, Grewal P, Ahlawat N, Bhardwaj P, Jangid NK. Palladium acetate assisted synthesis of five-membered N-polyheterocycles. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2020.1723640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Navjeet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Jaipur, India
| | - Yamini Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Jaipur, India
| | - Pooja Grewal
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Jaipur, India
| | - Neha Ahlawat
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Jaipur, India
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28
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Yun YL, Yang J, Miao YH, Sun J, Wang XJ. Recent advances in Palladium(II)-catalyzed activation of aromatic ring C–H bonds. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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29
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Liu X, Sheng H, Zhou Y, Song Q. Palladium-catalyzed C–H bond activation for the assembly of N-aryl carbazoles with aromatic amines as nitrogen sources. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:1665-1668. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09493h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A convenient and efficient palladium-catalyzed C–H bond activation for the assembly of N-aryl carbazole is reported, in which two C–N bonds were formed under one set of conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Liu
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation
- College of Materials Science & Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering at Huaqiao University
- Xiamen
- P. R. China
| | - Heyun Sheng
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation
- College of Materials Science & Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering at Huaqiao University
- Xiamen
- P. R. China
| | - Yao Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hubei Normal University
- Huangshi 435002
- P. R. China
| | - Qiuling Song
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation
- College of Materials Science & Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering at Huaqiao University
- Xiamen
- P. R. China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery
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30
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Rajesham B, Arunkumar V, Naikawadi PK, Shiva Kumar K. Copper-catalyzed cascade C–N coupling/C–H amination: one pot synthesis of imidazo[1,2- b]indazole. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03022h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A one-pot, two-fold C–N bond formation protocol has been developed for the construction of imidazo[1,2-b]indazole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - K. Shiva Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Osmania University
- Hyderabad-500 007
- India
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31
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Hu X, Zhang G, Nie L, Kong T, Lei A. Electrochemical oxidation induced intermolecular aromatic C-H imidation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5467. [PMID: 31784522 PMCID: PMC6884519 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13524-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The dehydrogenative aryl C-H/N-H cross-coupling is a powerful synthetic methodology to install nitrogen functionalities into aromatic compounds. Herein, we report an electrochemical oxidation induced intermolecular cross-coupling between aromatics and sulfonimides with high regioselectivity through N-radical addition pathway under external-oxidant-free and catalyst-free conditions. A wide variety of arenes, heteroarenes, alkenes and sulfonimides are applicable scaffolds in this transformation. In addition, aryl sulfonamides or amines (aniline derivatives) can be obtained through different deprotection process. The cyclic voltammetry mechanistic study indicates that the N-centered imidyl radicals are generated via proton-coupled electron transfer event jointly mediated by tetrabutylammonium acetate and anode oxidation process. The dehydrogenative C-H/N-H cross-coupling serves to install nitrogen functionalities into arenes with the highest atom economy. Here, the authors report an electrochemical cross-coupling between aromatics and sulfonimides through an N-radical addition pathway under oxidant- and catalyst-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Hu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoting Zhang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Nie
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Taige Kong
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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32
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Romero AH. Fused Heteroaromatic Rings via Metal-Mediated/Catalyzed Intramolecular C–H Activation: A Comprehensive Review. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2019; 377:21. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-019-0246-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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33
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Shaik BV, Seelam M, Tamminana R, Kammela PR. Copper promoted C-S and C-N cross-coupling Reactions:The synthesis of 2-(N-Aryolamino)benzothiazoles and 2-(N-Aryolamino)benzimidazoles. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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34
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Electrooxidative para-selective C-H/N-H cross-coupling with hydrogen evolution to synthesize triarylamine derivatives. Nat Commun 2019; 10:639. [PMID: 30733447 PMCID: PMC6367370 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08414-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative C–H/N–H cross-coupling is one of the most atom-economical methods for the construction of C–N bonds. However, traditional oxidative C–H/N–H cross-coupling either required the use of strong oxidants or high reaction temperature, which makes it difficult to tolerate redox active functional groups. Herein we describe an external chemical oxidant-free electrooxidative C–H/N–H cross-coupling between electron-rich arenes and diarylamine derivatives. Under undivided electrolytic conditions, a series of triarylamine derivatives are produced from electron-rich arenes and diarylamine derivatives with high functional group tolerance. Both of the coupling partners are redox active in oxidative C–H/N–H cross-coupling, which enables high regioselectivity in C–N bond formation. Exclusive para-selectivity is observed for the coupling with anilines. Oxidative C–H/N–H cross-coupling is a convenient method to construct C–N bonds, however this is rarely achieved in a sustainable manner. Here, the authors show an oxidant-free electrochemical C–H/N–H cross-coupling between electron-rich arenes and diarylamines to afford triarylamines with exclusive para-selectivity.
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35
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36
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Palladium(II)/Copper(II)-Catalyzed C-H Sulfidation or Selenation of Arenes Leading to Unsymmetrical Sulfides and Selenides. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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37
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Borpatra PJ, Deka B, Deb ML, Baruah PK. Recent advances in intramolecular C–O/C–N/C–S bond formationviaC–H functionalization. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00863b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review presents the construction of C–X bonds (X = O/N/S) by using intramolecular C–H functionalization for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paran J. Borpatra
- Department of Applied Sciences
- GUIST
- Gauhati University
- Guwahati-781014
- India
| | - Bhaskar Deka
- Department of Applied Sciences
- GUIST
- Gauhati University
- Guwahati-781014
- India
| | - Mohit L. Deb
- Department of Applied Sciences
- GUIST
- Gauhati University
- Guwahati-781014
- India
| | - Pranjal K. Baruah
- Department of Applied Sciences
- GUIST
- Gauhati University
- Guwahati-781014
- India
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38
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Kao IH, Wang CY, Chang YC, Wu CL, Chiu YJ, Hong FE. Palladium-catalyzed phosphination and amination through C H bond functionalization on biphenyl: Amido-substituent as directing group. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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39
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Youn SW, Kim YH, Jo YH. Palladium‐Catalyzed Regioselective Synthesis of 1‐Hydroxycarbazoles Under Aerobic Conditions. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201801265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- So Won Youn
- Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural SciencesHanyang University Seoul 04763 Korea
| | - Young Ho Kim
- Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural SciencesHanyang University Seoul 04763 Korea
| | - Yoon Hyung Jo
- Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural SciencesHanyang University Seoul 04763 Korea
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40
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Yu H, Jiao M, Huang R, Fang X. Electrochemical Intramolecular Dehydrogenative Coupling of N
-Benzyl(thio)amides: A Direct and Facile Synthesis of 4H
-1,3-Benzoxazines and 4H
-1,3-Benzothiazines. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering; Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Substainability; Tongji University; 1239 Siping Road 200092 Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Mingdong Jiao
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering; Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Substainability; Tongji University; 1239 Siping Road 200092 Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Ruohe Huang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering; Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Substainability; Tongji University; 1239 Siping Road 200092 Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Fang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering; Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Substainability; Tongji University; 1239 Siping Road 200092 Shanghai P. R. China
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41
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Christodoulou MS, Giofrè S, Broggini G, Mazza A, Sala R, Beccalli EM. Divergent Palladium- and Platinum-Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroamination/Hydroarylation of O
-Propargyl-2-aminophenols. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Christodoulou
- DISFARM; Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica “A. Marchesini”; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Venezian 21 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Sabrina Giofrè
- DISFARM; Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica “A. Marchesini”; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Venezian 21 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Gianluigi Broggini
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia; Università degli Studi dell′Insubria; Via Valleggio 9 22100 Como Italy
| | - Alberto Mazza
- DISFARM; Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica “A. Marchesini”; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Venezian 21 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Roberto Sala
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia; Università degli Studi dell′Insubria; Via Valleggio 9 22100 Como Italy
| | - Egle M. Beccalli
- DISFARM; Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica “A. Marchesini”; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Venezian 21 20133 Milano Italy
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42
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Sambiagio C, Schönbauer D, Blieck R, Dao-Huy T, Pototschnig G, Schaaf P, Wiesinger T, Zia MF, Wencel-Delord J, Besset T, Maes BUW, Schnürch M. A comprehensive overview of directing groups applied in metal-catalysed C-H functionalisation chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:6603-6743. [PMID: 30033454 PMCID: PMC6113863 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00201k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1087] [Impact Index Per Article: 181.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The present review is devoted to summarizing the recent advances (2015-2017) in the field of metal-catalysed group-directed C-H functionalisation. In order to clearly showcase the molecular diversity that can now be accessed by means of directed C-H functionalisation, the whole is organized following the directing groups installed on a substrate. Its aim is to be a comprehensive reference work, where a specific directing group can be easily found, together with the transformations which have been carried out with it. Hence, the primary format of this review is schemes accompanied with a concise explanatory text, in which the directing groups are ordered in sections according to their chemical structure. The schemes feature typical substrates used, the products obtained as well as the required reaction conditions. Importantly, each example is commented on with respect to the most important positive features and drawbacks, on aspects such as selectivity, substrate scope, reaction conditions, directing group removal, and greenness. The targeted readership are both experts in the field of C-H functionalisation chemistry (to provide a comprehensive overview of the progress made in the last years) and, even more so, all organic chemists who want to introduce the C-H functionalisation way of thinking for a design of straightforward, efficient and step-economic synthetic routes towards molecules of interest to them. Accordingly, this review should be of particular interest also for scientists from industrial R&D sector. Hence, the overall goal of this review is to promote the application of C-H functionalisation reactions outside the research groups dedicated to method development and establishing it as a valuable reaction archetype in contemporary R&D, comparable to the role cross-coupling reactions play to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Sambiagio
- Organic Synthesis (ORSY)
, Department of Chemistry
, University of Antwerp
,
Groenenborgerlaan 171
, 2020 Antwerp
, Belgium
| | - David Schönbauer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
, TU Wien
,
Getreidemarkt 9/163
, A-1060 Vienna
, Austria
.
| | - Remi Blieck
- Normandie Univ
, INSA Rouen
, UNIROUEN
, CNRS
, COBRA (UMR 6014)
,
76000 Rouen
, France
| | - Toan Dao-Huy
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
, TU Wien
,
Getreidemarkt 9/163
, A-1060 Vienna
, Austria
.
| | - Gerit Pototschnig
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
, TU Wien
,
Getreidemarkt 9/163
, A-1060 Vienna
, Austria
.
| | - Patricia Schaaf
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
, TU Wien
,
Getreidemarkt 9/163
, A-1060 Vienna
, Austria
.
| | - Thomas Wiesinger
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
, TU Wien
,
Getreidemarkt 9/163
, A-1060 Vienna
, Austria
.
| | - Muhammad Farooq Zia
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
, TU Wien
,
Getreidemarkt 9/163
, A-1060 Vienna
, Austria
.
| | - Joanna Wencel-Delord
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (UMR CNRS 7509)
, Université de Strasbourg
,
ECPM 25 Rue Becquerel
, 67087 Strasbourg
, France
| | - Tatiana Besset
- Normandie Univ
, INSA Rouen
, UNIROUEN
, CNRS
, COBRA (UMR 6014)
,
76000 Rouen
, France
| | - Bert U. W. Maes
- Organic Synthesis (ORSY)
, Department of Chemistry
, University of Antwerp
,
Groenenborgerlaan 171
, 2020 Antwerp
, Belgium
| | - Michael Schnürch
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
, TU Wien
,
Getreidemarkt 9/163
, A-1060 Vienna
, Austria
.
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43
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Bal A, Maiti S, Mal P. Iodine(III)-Enabled Distal C–H Functionalization of Biarylsulfonanilides. J Org Chem 2018; 83:11278-11287. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Bal
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar, PO Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, District Khurda, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Saikat Maiti
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar, PO Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, District Khurda, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Prasenjit Mal
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar, PO Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, District Khurda, Odisha 752050, India
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44
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Nishino K, Ogiwara Y, Sakai N. Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Synthesis of Dibenzothiophenes from 2-Biphenylyl Disulfides by C−H Functionalization. Chemistry 2018; 24:10971-10974. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kota Nishino
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Technology; Tokyo University of Science (RIKADAI); Noda Chiba 278-8510 Japan
| | - Yohei Ogiwara
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Technology; Tokyo University of Science (RIKADAI); Noda Chiba 278-8510 Japan
| | - Norio Sakai
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Technology; Tokyo University of Science (RIKADAI); Noda Chiba 278-8510 Japan
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Timsina YN, Gupton BF, Ellis KC. Palladium-Catalyzed C–H Amination of C(sp2) and C(sp3)–H Bonds: Mechanism and Scope for N-Based Molecule Synthesis. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b01168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yam N. Timsina
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0540, United States
| | - B. Frank Gupton
- Department of Chemical and Life Sciences Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Keith C. Ellis
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0540, United States
- The Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery, and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0037, United States
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Nykaza TV, Ramirez A, Harrison TS, Luzung MR, Radosevich AT. Biphilic Organophosphorus-Catalyzed Intramolecular C sp2-H Amination: Evidence for a Nitrenoid in Catalytic Cadogan Cyclizations. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:3103-3113. [PMID: 29389114 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b13803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A small-ring phosphacycloalkane (1,2,2,3,4,4-hexamethylphosphetane, 3) catalyzes intramolecular C-N bond forming heterocyclization of o-nitrobiaryl and -styrenyl derivatives in the presence of a hydrosilane terminal reductant. The method provides scalable access to diverse carbazole and indole compounds under operationally trivial homogeneous organocatalytic conditions, as demonstrated by 17 examples conducted on 1 g scale. In situ NMR reaction monitoring studies support a mechanism involving catalytic PIII/PV═O cycling, where tricoordinate phosphorus compound 3 represents the catalytic resting state. For the catalytic conversion of o-nitrobiphenyl to carbazole, the kinetic reaction order was determined for phosphetane catalyst 3 (first order), substrate (first order), and phenylsilane (zeroth order). For differentially 5-substituted 2-nitrobiphenyls, the transformation is accelerated by electron-withdrawing substituents (Hammett factor ρ = +1.5), consistent with the accrual of negative charge on the nitro substrate in the rate-determining step. DFT modeling of the turnover-limiting deoxygenation event implicates a rate-determining (3 + 1) cheletropic addition between the phosphetane catalyst 3 and 2-nitrobiphenyl substrate to form an unobserved pentacoordinate spiro-bicyclic dioxazaphosphetane, which decomposes via (2 + 2) cycloreversion giving 1 equiv of phosphetane P-oxide 3·[O] and 2-nitrosobiphenyl. Experimental and computational investigations into the C-N bond forming event suggest the involvement of an oxazaphosphirane (2 + 1) adduct between 3 and 2-nitrosobiphenyl, which evolves through loss of phosphetane P-oxide 3·[O] to give the observed carbazole product via C-H insertion in a nitrene-like fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor V Nykaza
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Antonio Ramirez
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Tyler S Harrison
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael R Luzung
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Alexander T Radosevich
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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47
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Wei F, Shen XQ, Chu JJ, Hu BL, Zhang XG. Palladium-catalyzed intramolecular aerobic C-H amination of enamines for the synthesis of 2-trifluoromethylindoles. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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48
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Synthesis of Carbazoles from 2-Iodobiphenyls by Palladium-Catalyzed C−H Activation and Amination with Diaziridinone. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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49
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Wang M, Fan Q, Jiang X. Nitrogen–Iodine Exchange of Diaryliodonium Salts: Access to Acridine and Carbazole. Org Lett 2017; 20:216-219. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Qiaoling Fan
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Jiang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of
Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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50
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Wang D, Weinstein AB, White PB, Stahl SS. Ligand-Promoted Palladium-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation Reactions. Chem Rev 2017; 118:2636-2679. [PMID: 28975795 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed aerobic oxidation reactions have been the focus of industrial application and extensive research efforts for nearly 60 years. A significant transition occurred in this field approximately 20 years ago, with the introduction of catalysts supported by ancillary ligands. The ligands play crucial roles in the reactions, including promotion of direct oxidation of palladium(0) by O2, bypassing the typical requirement for Cu salts or related redox cocatalysts to facilitate oxidation of the reduced Pd catalyst; facilitation of key bond-breaking and bond-forming steps during substrate oxidation; and modulation of chemo-, regio-, or stereoselectivity of a reaction. The use of ligands has contributed to significant expansion of the scope of accessible aerobic oxidation reactions. Increased understanding of the role of ancillary ligands should promote the development of new synthetic transformations, enable improved control over the reaction selectivity, and improve catalyst activity and stability. This review surveys the different ligands that have been used to support palladium-catalyzed aerobic oxidation reactions and, where possible, describes mechanistic insights into the role played by the ancillary ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Wang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Adam B Weinstein
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Paul B White
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Shannon S Stahl
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
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