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Musci P, Colella M, Altomare A, Romanazzi G, Sheikh NS, Degennaro L, Luisi R. Dynamic Phenomena and Complexation Effects in the α-Lithiation and Asymmetric Functionalization of Azetidines. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092847. [PMID: 35566200 PMCID: PMC9103493 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work it is demonstrated that enantiomerically enriched N-alkyl 2-oxazolinylazetidines undergo exclusive α-lithiation, and that the resulting lithiated intermediate is chemically stable but configurationally labile under the given experimental conditions that afford enantioenriched N-alkyl-2,2-disubstituted azetidines. Although this study reveals the configurational instability of the diastereomeric lithiated azetidines, it points out an interesting stereoconvergence of such lithiated intermediates towards the thermodynamically stable species, making the overall process highly stereoselective (er > 95:5, dr > 85:15) after trapping with electrophiles. This peculiar behavior has been rationalized by considering the dynamics at the azetidine nitrogen atom, the inversion at the C-Li center supported by in situ FT-IR experiments, and DFT calculations that suggested the presence of η3-coordinated species for diastereomeric lithiated azetidines. The described situation contrasted with the demonstrated stability of the smaller lithiated aziridine analogue. The capability of oxazolinylazetidines to undergo different reaction patterns with organolithium bases supports the model termed “dynamic control of reactivity” of relevance in organolithium chemistry. It has been demonstrated that only 2,2-substituted oxazolinylazetidines with suitable stereochemical requirements could undergo C=N addition of organolithiums in non-coordinating solvents, leading to useful precursors of chiral (er > 95:5) ketoazetidines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pantaleo Musci
- Department of Pharmacy—Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (P.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Marco Colella
- Department of Pharmacy—Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (P.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Angela Altomare
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Christallography IC-CNR, Via Amendola 127/A, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Romanazzi
- DICATECh—Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, del Territorio, Edile e di Chimica, Politecnico di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Nadeem S. Sheikh
- Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
- Correspondence: (N.S.S.); (L.D.); (R.L.)
| | - Leonardo Degennaro
- Department of Pharmacy—Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (P.M.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: (N.S.S.); (L.D.); (R.L.)
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Department of Pharmacy—Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (P.M.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: (N.S.S.); (L.D.); (R.L.)
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Tanpure SD, El-Mansy MF, Blakemore PR. Synthesis of a P-Glycoprotein Inhibitor and Its High-Energy ( Z)-Isomer by Carbenoid Eliminative Cross-Coupling. Org Lett 2020; 22:2999-3003. [PMID: 32227909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To gauge the feasibility of carbenoid eliminative cross-coupling for the synthesis of polyfunctional alkenes, a P-glycoprotein inhibitor containing an (E)-configured 4-chromanylidene-type trisubstituted olefin was prepared as well as its previously undescribed (Z)-isomer. Stereospecific alkene synthesis required generation of functionalized enantioenriched α-metalated carbamates [R1R2CM(O2CNi-Pr2), M = Li or Bneo], and problems associated with incorrect lithiation regioselectivity and unexpected organolithium configurational lability were encountered. Solutions to these difficulties are described together with a method for ee determination of α-carbamoyloxyboronates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash D Tanpure
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003, United States
| | - Mohamed F El-Mansy
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003, United States
| | - Paul R Blakemore
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003, United States
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Frański R, Gierczyk B, Kasperkowiak M, Jankowski W, Hoffmann M. The mechanism of water loss from protonated cathinones. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8617. [PMID: 31659798 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Frański
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań, Poland
| | - Błażej Gierczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kasperkowiak
- Centre for Advance Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań, Poland
| | - Wojciech Jankowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marcin Hoffmann
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań, Poland
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Boultwood T, Bull JA. Synthesis of Selenoaziridines: A Study on Stereochemical Outcomes of the Reaction of Aziridine Radicals and Anions Generated from Iodoaziridines. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:870-879. [PMID: 31459364 PMCID: PMC6648590 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of a new functional group in the form of selenyl-substituted aziridines is described. Selenoaziridines are stereoselectively prepared by functionalization of intact aziridine precursors involving radical and anionic intermediates. Radicals are generated from cis-N-Ts iodoaziridines by activation of the C-I bond using alkoxides as a source of single electrons. These form predominantly trans-substituted selenoaziridines dependent on the size of the diselenide. cis-Aziridinyllithiums generated by Li-I exchange also react with diselenides stereospecifically to form a range of cis-selenoaziridines. Proposals for the stereochemical outcome are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Boultwood
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - James A. Bull
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
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Andresini M, De Angelis S, Uricchio A, Visaggio A, Romanazzi G, Ciriaco F, Corriero N, Degennaro L, Luisi R. Azetidine-Borane Complexes: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Stereoselective Functionalization. J Org Chem 2018; 83:10221-10230. [PMID: 30024756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The present study reports, for the first time, the synthesis and structural features of azetidine-borane complexes, as well as their reactivity in lithiation reactions. A temperature-dependent stereoselectivity has been disclosed in the reaction of borane with N-alkyl-2-arylazetidines, allowing for a stereoselective preparation of azetidine-borane complexes 2 and 3. A regioselective hydrogen/lithium permutation, at the benzylic position, was observed in lithiation reactions of complexes possessing a syn relationship, between the ring proton and the BH3 group. In contrast, scarce or no reactivity was noticed in complexes lacking such a stereochemical requirement. The configurational stability of the lithiated intermediates has also been investigated, in order to shed some light on the stereoselectivity of the lithiation/electrophile trapping sequence. Calculations helped in supporting experimental observations, concerning structure and reactivity of these azetidine-borane complexes. Data suggest that the BH3 group could promote the lithiation reaction likely by an electrostatic complex induced proximity effect. Interestingly, a new synthetic strategy for the synthesis of N-alkyl-2,2-disubstituted azetidines has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Andresini
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences , University of Bari "A. Moro" , Via E. Orabona 4 , Bari 70125 , Italy
| | - Sonia De Angelis
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences , University of Bari "A. Moro" , Via E. Orabona 4 , Bari 70125 , Italy
| | - Antonella Uricchio
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences , University of Bari "A. Moro" , Via E. Orabona 4 , Bari 70125 , Italy
| | - Angelica Visaggio
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences , University of Bari "A. Moro" , Via E. Orabona 4 , Bari 70125 , Italy
| | | | - Fulvio Ciriaco
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bari "A. Moro" , Via E. Orabona 4 , Bari 70125 , Italy
| | - Nicola Corriero
- Institute of Crystallography, CNR , Via Amendola 122/O , Bari 70125 , Italy
| | - Leonardo Degennaro
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences , University of Bari "A. Moro" , Via E. Orabona 4 , Bari 70125 , Italy
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences , University of Bari "A. Moro" , Via E. Orabona 4 , Bari 70125 , Italy
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Carter N, Li X, Reavey L, Meijer AJHM, Coldham I. Synthesis and kinetic resolution of substituted tetrahydroquinolines by lithiation then electrophilic quench. Chem Sci 2017; 9:1352-1357. [PMID: 29675183 PMCID: PMC5887238 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04435f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of N-Boc-2-aryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines with n-butyllithium in THF at -78 °C resulted in efficient lithiation at the 2-position and the organolithiums were trapped with a variety of electrophiles to give substituted products. Variable temperature NMR spectroscopy gave kinetic data that showed that the rate of tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) rotation was fast (ΔG‡ ≈ 45 kJ mol-1 at -78 °C) and in situ ReactIR spectroscopy showed fast lithiation at -78 °C. By carrying out the lithiation in the presence of the chiral ligand sparteine, kinetic resolutions with very high levels of enantioselectivity were achieved. The resulting enantioenriched N-Boc-2-aryltetrahydroquinolines were converted to 2,2-disubstituted products without significant loss in enantiopurity. Most electrophiles add at the 2-position and the chemistry provides a way to access tetrahydroquinolines that are fully substituted alpha to the nitrogen atom. Notably, either enantiomer of the 2,2-disubstituted tetrahydroquinolines can be obtained with high selectivity from the same enantiomer of the chiral ligand. Unusually, when methyl cyanoformate was used as the electrophile, substitution occurred in the ortho position of the aryl ring attached at C-2. This change in regioselectivity on changing the electrophile was probed by deuterium isotope studies and by DFT calculations which suggested that the binding of the cyanoformate altered the structure of the intermediate organolithium. Secondary amine products can be prepared by removing the Boc group with acid or by inducing the Boc group to rearrange to the 2-position in the presence of triethylborane and this carbonyl N-to-C rearrangement occurs with retention of configuration from the intermediate enantiomerically enriched organolithium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Carter
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Brook Hill , Sheffield , S3 7HF , UK .
| | - Xiabing Li
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Brook Hill , Sheffield , S3 7HF , UK .
| | - Lewis Reavey
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Brook Hill , Sheffield , S3 7HF , UK .
| | - Anthony J H M Meijer
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Brook Hill , Sheffield , S3 7HF , UK .
| | - Iain Coldham
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Brook Hill , Sheffield , S3 7HF , UK .
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Hao F, Asahara H, Nishiwaki N. Direct Aziridination of Nitroalkenes Affording N-Alkyl-C-nitroaziridines and the Subsequent Lewis Acid Mediated Isomerization to β-Nitroenamines. Org Lett 2017; 19:5442-5445. [PMID: 28933166 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A mild and highly diastereoselective one-pot synthesis of trans-N-alkyl-C-nitroaziridines was achieved by treatment of nitroalkenes with aliphatic amines and N-chlorosuccinimide. Treatment of the obtained aziridines with a Lewis acid resulted in a facile ring opening reaction, accompanied by rearrangement and isomerization into functionalized (Z)-β-nitroenamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyue Hao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, and ‡Research Center for Material Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology , Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
| | - Haruyasu Asahara
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, and ‡Research Center for Material Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology , Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
| | - Nagatoshi Nishiwaki
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, and ‡Research Center for Material Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology , Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
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10
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Parisi G, Zenzola M, Capitanelli E, Carlucci C, Romanazzi G, Pisano L, Degennaro L, Luisi R. Exploiting structural and conformational effects for a site-selective lithiation of azetidines. PURE APPL CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2016-0602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
AbstractInterest in molecular structures bearing four-membered heterocycles (FMHs) is growing due to the possibility to explore new regions of the chemical space and get new lead molecules. Our interest in the development of divergent synthesis of functionalized FMHs, prompted us to disclose factors affecting the reactivity of nitrogen-bearing FMHs towards metalating agents. Our investigations demonstrated that structural factors and conformational preferences need to be considered in planning a site-selective functionalization of azetidines. It will be showed how such factors could have pivotal importance in the reactivity of FMHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Parisi
- 1Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 – Italy
| | - Marina Zenzola
- 1Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 – Italy
| | - Emanuela Capitanelli
- 1Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 – Italy
| | - Claudia Carlucci
- 1Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 – Italy
| | - Giuseppe Romanazzi
- 2DICATECh, Politecnico di Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 – Italy
- 3CNR NANOTEC−Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Polo di Nanotecnologia c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Luisa Pisano
- 4Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 – Italy
| | - Leonardo Degennaro
- 1Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 – Italy
| | - Renzo Luisi
- 1Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 – Italy
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11
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Degennaro L, Pisano L, Parisi G, Mansueto R, Clarkson GJ, Shipman M, Luisi R. Nitrogen Stereodynamics and Complexation Phenomena as Key Factors in the Deprotonative Dynamic Resolution of Alkylideneaziridines: A Spectroscopic and Computational Study. J Org Chem 2015; 80:6411-8. [PMID: 25996163 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present work is aimed at shedding light on the origin of the stereoselectivity observed in the reactions of chiral heterosubstituted organolithiums, generated by lithiation of alkylideneaziridines. Factors such as the nitrogen inversion barrier, the stereochemistry at the nitrogen atom, the substitution pattern of the alkylideneaziridines, and the reaction conditions are taken into consideration. The interplay between nitrogen stereodynamics and complexation phenomena seems to be crucial in determining the stereochemical outcome of the lithiation/trapping sequence. The findings were rationalized by a synergistic use of NMR experiments, run on the lithiated intermediates, alongside computational data. It has been demonstrated that, in such systems, the stereochemistry-determining step is the deprotonation reaction, and a model based on a deprotonative dynamic resolution has been proposed. Such findings could find application in dynamic systems other than aziridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Degennaro
- †Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, Bari 70125, Italy
| | - Luisa Pisano
- ‡Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Giovanna Parisi
- †Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, Bari 70125, Italy
| | - Rosmara Mansueto
- †Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, Bari 70125, Italy.,§Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Guy J Clarkson
- §Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Shipman
- §Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Renzo Luisi
- †Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, Bari 70125, Italy
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Zenzola M, Degennaro L, Trinchera P, Carroccia L, Giovine A, Romanazzi G, Mastrorilli P, Rizzi R, Pisano L, Luisi R. Harnessing theortho-Directing Ability of the Azetidine Ring for the Regioselective and Exhaustive Functionalization of Arenes. Chemistry 2014; 20:12190-200. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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Capriati V, Florio S, Luisi R. Complexation Phenomena and Dynamics at Work in the Lithiation Reactions of Small-Ring Heterocycles: Regio- and Stereoselectivity. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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14
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Carroccia L, Degennaro L, Romanazzi G, Cuocci C, Pisano L, Luisi R. Straightforward access to 4-membered sulfurated heterocycles: introducing a strategy for the single and double functionalization of thietane 1-oxide. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:2180-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00173g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A strategy for the stereoselective functionalization of thietane 1-oxide has been developed by using the corresponding organometallic intermediates that reacted with electrophiles leaving intact the 4-membered ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Carroccia
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences
- University of Bari “A. Moro”
- Bari 70125 – I, Italy
| | - Leonardo Degennaro
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences
- University of Bari “A. Moro”
- Bari 70125 – I, Italy
| | | | - Corrado Cuocci
- Istituto di Cristallografia (IC-CNR)
- 70125 Bari – I, Italy
| | - Luisa Pisano
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- University of Sassari
- 07100 Sassari – I, Italy
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences
- University of Bari “A. Moro”
- Bari 70125 – I, Italy
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15
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Mansueto R, Degennaro L, Brière JF, Griffin K, Shipman M, Florio S, Luisi R. Stereocontrolled lithiation/trapping of chiral 2-alkylideneaziridines: investigation into the role of the aziridine nitrogen stereodynamics. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:8505-11. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01457j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The origin of the stereoselectivity in the lithiation/trapping of 2-alkylideneaziridines bearing a chiral group as the nitrogen substituent was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosmara Mansueto
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences University of Bari “A. Moro”
- Bari, Italy
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry, UK
| | - Leonardo Degennaro
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences University of Bari “A. Moro”
- Bari, Italy
| | - Jean-François Brière
- Normandie Univ
- COBRA
- UMR 6014 et FR 3038; Univ Rouen; INSA Rouen; CNRS
- IRCOF
- 76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Karen Griffin
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry, UK
| | | | - Saverio Florio
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences University of Bari “A. Moro”
- Bari, Italy
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences University of Bari “A. Moro”
- Bari, Italy
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16
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Degennaro L, Zenzola M, Trinchera P, Carroccia L, Giovine A, Romanazzi G, Falcicchio A, Luisi R. Regioselective functionalization of 2-arylazetidines: evaluating the ortho-directing ability of the azetidinyl ring and the α-directing ability of the N-substituent. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:1698-700. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc48555b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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de Loera D, Liu F, Houk KN, Garcia-Garibay MA. Aziridine Nitrogen Inversion by Dynamic NMR: Activation Parameters in a Fused Bicyclic Structure. J Org Chem 2013; 78:11623-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jo4022315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denisse de Loera
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Miguel A. Garcia-Garibay
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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18
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Boultwood T, Affron DP, Trowbridge AD, Bull JA. Synthesis of cis-C-iodo-N-tosyl-aziridines using diiodomethyllithium: reaction optimization, product scope and stability, and a protocol for selection of stationary phase for chromatography. J Org Chem 2013; 78:6632-47. [PMID: 23738857 PMCID: PMC3805312 DOI: 10.1021/jo400956x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of C-iodo-N-Ts-aziridines with excellent cis-diastereoselectivity has been achieved in high yields by the addition of diiodomethyllithium to N-tosylimines and N-tosylimine-HSO2Tol adducts. This addition-cyclization protocol successfully provided a wide range of cis-iodoaziridines, including the first examples of alkyl-substituted iodoaziridines, with the reaction tolerating both aryl imines and alkyl imines. An ortho-chlorophenyl imine afforded a β-amino gem-diiodide under the optimized reaction conditions due to a postulated coordinated intermediate preventing cyclization. An effective protocol to assess the stability of the sensitive iodoaziridine functional group to chromatography was also developed. As a result of the judicious choice of stationary phase, the iodoaziridines could be purified by column chromatography; the use of deactivated basic alumina (activity IV) afforded high yield and purity. Rearrangements of electron-rich aryl-iodoaziridines have been promoted, selectively affording either novel α-iodo-N-Ts-imines or α-iodo-aldehydes in high yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Boultwood
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College
London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic P. Affron
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College
London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron D. Trowbridge
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College
London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - James A. Bull
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College
London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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He Y, Ma B, Yang J, Xie X, She X. Regioselective lateral or vinyl C–H lithiation/1,5-retro-Brook rearrangement via quinolyl or pyridyl ring directed deprotonation. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Bull JA, Boultwood T, Taylor TA. Highly cis-selective synthesis of iodo-aziridines using diiodomethyllithium and in situ generated N-Boc-imines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 48:12246-8. [PMID: 23149421 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc37029h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The first preparation of iodoaziridines is described. The addition of diiodomethyllithium to N-Boc-imines affords these novel aziridines in high yields. The reaction proceeds in one-pot via a highly diastereoselective cyclisation of an amino gem-diiodide intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Bull
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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21
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Coppi DI, Salomone A, Perna FM, Capriati V. Exploiting the Lithiation-Directing Ability of Oxetane for the Regioselective Preparation of Functionalized 2-Aryloxetane Scaffolds under Mild Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201109113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Coppi DI, Salomone A, Perna FM, Capriati V. Exploiting the Lithiation-Directing Ability of Oxetane for the Regioselective Preparation of Functionalized 2-Aryloxetane Scaffolds under Mild Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:7532-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201109113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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23
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Tilly D, Magolan J, Mortier J. Directed Remote Aromatic Metalations: Mechanisms and Driving Forces. Chemistry 2012; 18:3804-20. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Smith K, A. El-Hiti G, Fekri A, B. Alshammari M. Side-Chain Lithiation of 2- and 4-Substituted Pyridines: Synthesis of More Complex Substituted Pyridines. HETEROCYCLES 2012. [DOI: 10.3987/com-12-s(n)33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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de Ceglie MC, Degennaro L, Falcicchio A, Luisi R. Restricted rotations and stereodynamics of aziridine-2-methanol derivatives. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.09.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Degennaro L, Mansueto R, Carenza E, Rizzi R, Florio S, Pratt LM, Luisi R. Nitrogen Dynamics and Reactivity of Chiral Aziridines: Generation of Configurationally Stable Aziridinyllithium Compounds. Chemistry 2011; 17:4992-5003. [PMID: 21465584 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201003424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Degennaro
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, University of Bari, Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125-Bari, Italy
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27
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Schmid M, Waldner B, Schnürch M, Mihovilovic MD, Stanetty P. Studying competitive lithiations at alpha-, ortho-, and benzylic positions in various N-protected aniline derivatives. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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Azzena U, Dettori G, Pisano L, Musio B, Luisi R. BH3-Promoted Stereoselective β-Lithiation of N-Alkyl-2-phenylaziridines. J Org Chem 2011; 76:2291-5. [PMID: 21366274 DOI: 10.1021/jo102474u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Azzena
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Sassari, via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Dettori
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Sassari, via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Luisa Pisano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Sassari, via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Biagia Musio
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università degli Studi di Bari, Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università degli Studi di Bari, Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy
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29
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de Ceglie MC, Musio B, Affortunato F, Moliterni A, Altomare A, Florio S, Luisi R. Solvent- and Temperature-Dependent Functionalisation of Enantioenriched Aziridines. Chemistry 2010; 17:286-96. [PMID: 21207624 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carolina de Ceglie
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico, Università degli Studi di Bari A. Moro, Via E. Orabona, 4 70125 Bari, Italy
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30
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Florio S, Luisi R. Aziridinyl Anions: Generation, Reactivity, and Use in Modern Synthetic Chemistry. Chem Rev 2010; 110:5128-57. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100032b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Florio
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Bari, Consorzio Interuniversitario C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Bari, Consorzio Interuniversitario C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
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31
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Luisi R, Giovine A, Florio S. New Arylaziridinyldifluoroborates: Useful Suzuki-Miyaura Reagents. Chemistry 2010; 16:2683-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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32
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Nagaki A, Takizawa E, Yoshida JI. Generations and Reactions ofN-(t-Butylsulfonyl)aziridinyllithiums Using Microreactors. CHEM LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2009.1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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33
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Capriati V, Florio S, Perna F, Salomone A, Abbotto A, Amedjkouh M, Nilsson Lill S. On the Dichotomic Reactivity of Lithiated Styrene Oxide: A Computational and Multinuclear Magnetic Resonance Investigation. Chemistry 2009; 15:7958-7979. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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34
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Schmidt F, Keller F, Vedrenne E, Aggarwal VK. Stereocontrolled synthesis of beta-amino alcohols from lithiated aziridines and boronic esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:1149-52. [PMID: 19115354 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200805272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Schmidt
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
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35
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Schmidt F, Keller F, Vedrenne E, Aggarwal V. Stereocontrolled Synthesis of β-Amino Alcohols from Lithiated Aziridines and Boronic Esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200805272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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