1
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Hamada Y. Recent progress in prodrug design strategies based on generally applicable modifications. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1627-1632. [PMID: 28285913 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.02.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The development of prodrugs has progressed with the aim of improving drug bioavailability by overcoming various barriers that reduce drug benefits in clinical use, such as stability, duration, water solubility, side effect profile, and taste. Many conventional drugs act as the precursors of an active agent in vivo; for example, the anti-HIV agent azidothymidine (AZT) is converted into its corresponding active triphosphate ester in the body, meaning that AZT is a prodrug in the broadest sense. However prodrug design is generally difficult owing to the lack of general versatility. Thus, these prodrugs, broadly defined, are often discovered by chance or trial-and-error. Recently, many prodrugs that could release the corresponding parent drugs with or without enzymatic action under physiological conditions have been reported. These prodrugs can be easily designed and synthesized because of their generally applicable modifications. This digest paper provides an overview of recent development in prodrug strategies for drugs with a carboxylic acid or hydroxyl/amino group on the basis of a generally applicable modification strategy, such as esterification, amidation, or benzylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Hamada
- Faculty of Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology, Konan University, Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo, Kobe 650-0043, Japan; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.
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2
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Novel prodrugs with a spontaneous cleavable guanidine moiety. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:1685-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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3
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Geant PY, Mohamed BS, Périgaud C, Peyrottes S, Uttaro JP, Mathé C. Probing the reactivity of H-phosphonate derivatives for the hydrophosphonylation of various alkenes and alkynes under free-radical conditions. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj00123h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophosphonylation of various alkenes and alkynes is reported using DPAP as a photoinitiator under UV irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Yves Geant
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- UMR 5247
- Université de Montpellier
- CNRS
- ENSCM
| | - Bemba Sidi Mohamed
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- UMR 5247
- Université de Montpellier
- CNRS
- ENSCM
| | - Christian Périgaud
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- UMR 5247
- Université de Montpellier
- CNRS
- ENSCM
| | - Suzanne Peyrottes
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- UMR 5247
- Université de Montpellier
- CNRS
- ENSCM
| | - Jean-Pierre Uttaro
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- UMR 5247
- Université de Montpellier
- CNRS
- ENSCM
| | - Christophe Mathé
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- UMR 5247
- Université de Montpellier
- CNRS
- ENSCM
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4
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Rankin GM, Vullo D, Supuran CT, Poulsen SA. Phosphate Chemical Probes Designed for Location Specific Inhibition of Intracellular Carbonic Anhydrases. J Med Chem 2015; 58:7580-90. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M. Rankin
- Eskitis
Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Daniela Vullo
- Polo
Scientifico, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica,Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, Rm. 188, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Polo
Scientifico, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica,Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, Rm. 188, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Sally-Ann Poulsen
- Eskitis
Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
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5
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Synthesis and in vitro anticancer activity evaluation of novel bioreversible phosphate inositol derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 93:172-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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6
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Diab SA, De Schutter C, Muzard M, Plantier-Royon R, Pfund E, Lequeux T. Fluorophosphonylated Nucleoside Derivatives as New Series of Thymidine Phosphorylase Multisubstrate Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2012; 55:2758-68. [DOI: 10.1021/jm201694y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Amel Diab
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique, UMR CNRS
6507 and FR3038, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, 6 Boulevard du Maréchal Juin,
14050 Caen Cedex, France
| | - Coralie De Schutter
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique, UMR CNRS
6507 and FR3038, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, 6 Boulevard du Maréchal Juin,
14050 Caen Cedex, France
| | - Murielle Muzard
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UMR CNRS 6229, UFR des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, BP 1039,
51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Richard Plantier-Royon
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UMR CNRS 6229, UFR des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, BP 1039,
51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Emmanuel Pfund
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique, UMR CNRS
6507 and FR3038, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, 6 Boulevard du Maréchal Juin,
14050 Caen Cedex, France
| | - Thierry Lequeux
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique, UMR CNRS
6507 and FR3038, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, 6 Boulevard du Maréchal Juin,
14050 Caen Cedex, France
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7
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Nguyen JT, Hamada Y, Kimura T, Kiso Y. Design of potent aspartic protease inhibitors to treat various diseases. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2008; 341:523-35. [PMID: 18763714 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.200700267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In this retrospective, personal review covering our research from the late 1980s until 2007, we outline nearly two-decade worth of our own work on several aspartic protease inhibitors including those affecting renin, HIV-1 protease, plasmepsins, beta-secretase, and HTLV-I protease and we report on aspartic protease inhibitors as potential drugs to treat hypertension, AIDS, malaria, Alzheimer's disease and adult T-cell leukemia, HTLV-I associated myelopathy / tropical spastic paraparesis, and various, respectively, associated diseases. Herein, we describe our methods for rational substrate-based drug design of peptidomimetics that potently inhibit the activity of renin, HIV-1 protease, plasmepsins, beta-secretase, and HTLV-I protease accordingly, using an appropriately selected inhibitory residue that contained a hydroxymethylcarbonyl isostere. Although this non-hydrolyzable isostere mimics the transition state that is formed during protein cleavage of a substrate, the isostere-containing inhibitor is not cleaved. We highlight our optimization studies in which we used various techniques and tools such as truncation studies, natural and non-natural amino acid substitution studies, various moieties to promote chemical and pharmacological stability, X-ray crystallography, computer-assisted docking and dynamic simulations, quantitative structure-activity relationship studies, and various other methods that this review can barely mention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey-Tri Nguyen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Frontier Research in Medicinal Science and 21st Century COE Program, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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8
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Peyrottes S, Périgaud C. Chemistry of bisSATE mononucleotide prodrugs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; Chapter 15:Unit 15.3. [PMID: 18428973 DOI: 10.1002/0471142700.nc1503s29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of AZT as a nucleosidic model, the protocols herein describe the synthesis of various bis(S-acyl-2-thioethyl) phosphotriester derivatives. These compounds, bearing transient phosphate-protecting groups, were designed to liberate the corresponding 5'-mononucleotide inside the cell through an esterase-mediated activation process. Two synthetic approaches are presented using either phosphoramidite intermediates or esterification of a nucleoside 5'-monophosphate.
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Garrido-Hernandez H, Moon KD, Geahlen RL, Borch RF. Design and synthesis of phosphotyrosine peptidomimetic prodrugs. J Med Chem 2006; 49:3368-76. [PMID: 16722656 PMCID: PMC2505179 DOI: 10.1021/jm060142p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel approach to the intracellular delivery of aryl phosphates has been developed that utilizes a phosphoramidate-based prodrug approach. The prodrugs contain an ester group that undergoes reductive activation intracellularly with concomitant expulsion of a phosphoramidate anion. This anion undergoes intramolecular cyclization and hydrolysis to generate aryl phosphate exclusively with a t(1/2) = approximately 20 min. Phosphoramidate prodrugs (8-10) of phosphate-containing peptidomimetics that target the SH2 domain were synthesized. Evaluation of these peptidomimetic prodrugs in a growth inhibition assay and in a cell-based transcriptional assay demonstrated that the prodrugs had IC50 values in the low micromolar range. Synthesis of phosphorodiamidate analogues containing a P-NH-Ar linker (16-18) was also carried out in the hope that the phosphoramidates released might be phosphatase-resistant. Comparable activation rates and cell-based activities were observed for these prodrugs, but the intermediate phosphoramidate dianion underwent spontaneous hydrolysis with a t(1/2) = approximately 30 min.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Richard F. Borch
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907; tel (765)494-1403; fax (765)494-1414;
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10
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Azéma L, Lherbet C, Baudoin C, Blonski C. Cell permeation of a Trypanosoma brucei aldolase inhibitor: evaluation of different enzyme-labile phosphate protecting groups. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:3440-3. [PMID: 16632348 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2006] [Revised: 04/03/2006] [Accepted: 04/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of four prodrugs directed against Trypanosoma brucei aldolase bearing various transient enzyme-labile phosphate protecting groups was developed. Herein, we describe the synthesis and evaluation of cell permeation of these prodrugs. The oxymethyl derivative was the most efficient prodrug with a good recovering of the free drug (IC(50)=20 microM) and without any measurable cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Azéma
- Laboratoire SPCMIB, Groupe de Chimie Organique Biologique, Université Paul Sabatier UMR CNRS 5068, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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11
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Kumpulainen H, Järvinen T, Saari R, Lehtonen M, Vepsäläinen J. An Efficient Strategy for the Synthesis of 1-Chloroethyl Phosphates and Phosphoramidates. J Org Chem 2005; 70:9056-8. [PMID: 16238353 DOI: 10.1021/jo0513562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A versatile, efficient, and simple method for the preparation of various 1-chloroethyl phosphates and phosphoramidates is described. The protected chlorophosphates or phosphoramidates are synthesized to the vinyl derivative under mild conditions, followed by conversion to the chloroethylidene phosphate or phosphoramidate by dry HCl gas, resulting in good to excellent yields. 1-Chloroethyl phosphates and phosphoramidates are excellent building blocks for the synthesis of novel ethylidene-linked phosphate prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Kumpulainen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kuopio, Finland.
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12
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Liu WQ, Vidal M, Olszowy C, Million E, Lenoir C, Dhôtel H, Garbay C. Structure-activity relationships of small phosphopeptides, inhibitors of Grb2 SH2 domain, and their prodrugs. J Med Chem 2004; 47:1223-33. [PMID: 14971902 DOI: 10.1021/jm031005k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To develop potential antitumor agents directed toward HER2/ErbB2 overexpression in cancer, we have designed inhibitors of the recognition between the phosphotyrosine of the receptor and the SH2 domain of the adaptor protein Grb2. In the first part of the paper, we report the synthesis of mimetics of the constrained (alpha-Me)phosphotyrosine residue such as (alpha-Me)-4-phosphonomethylphenylalanine (-CH2PO3H2), (alpha-Me) 4-phosphonodifluoromethylphenylalanine (-CF2PO3H2), and (alpha-Me)-4-phosphonophenylalanine (-PO3H2). The incorporation of these residues in the mAZ-pTyr-Xaa-Asn-NH2 series provided compounds with very high affinity for the Grb2 SH2 domain, in the 10(-8)-10(-9) range of Kd values. These compounds behave as potent antagonists of the Grb2-Shc interaction. Our results highlight the importance of the doubly negative charge borne by the pY + 1 amino acid in accordance with the interactions observed in the complex crystallized between mAZ-pTyr-(alphaMe)pTyr-Asn-NH2 and the Grb2 SH2 domain. mAZ-pTyr-(alphaMe)pTyr-Asn-NH2 was derivatized as the S-acetyl thioester (SATE) of the phosphotyrosine residues, and its surrogates provided prodrugs with very potent antiproliferative activity on cells overexpressing HER2/ErbB2, with ED50 values amounting to 0.1 microM. Finally a new prodrug is put forth under the form of a monobenzyl ester of phosphate group that is as active as and much easier to synthesize than SATE prodrugs. These compounds show promising activity for further testing on in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Qing Liu
- Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire & Structurale, INSERM U266, CNRS FRE 2463, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 4, Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75270 Paris 06, France
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13
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Hamada Y, Matsumoto H, Yamaguchi S, Kimura T, Hayashi Y, Kiso Y. Water-soluble prodrugs of dipeptide HIV protease inhibitors based on O→N intramolecular acyl migration: Design, synthesis and kinetic study. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:159-70. [PMID: 14697781 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2003.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To improve the low water-solubility of HIV protease inhibitors, we synthesized water-soluble prodrugs of KNI-727, a potent small-sized dipeptide-type HIV-1 protease inhibitor consisting of an Apns-Dmt core (Apns; allophenylnorstatine, Dmt; (R)-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid) as inhibitory machinery. These prodrugs contained an O-acyl peptidomimetic structure with an ionized amino group leading to an increase in water-solubility, and were designed to regenerate the corresponding parent drugs based on the O-->N intramolecular acyl migration reaction via a five-membered ring intermediate at the alpha-hydroxy-beta-amino acid residue, that is Apns. The synthetic prodrug 3a improved the water-solubility (13 mg/mL) more than 8000-fold in comparison with the parent compound, which is the practically acceptable value as water-soluble drug. Furthermore, to understand the structural effects of the O-acyl moiety on the migration rate, we evaluated several phenylacetyl-type and benzoyl-type prodrugs. These prodrugs were stable as an HCl salt and in a strongly acidic solution corresponding to gastric juice (pH 2.0), and could be converted to the parent compounds promptly under aqueous conditions from slightly acidic to basic pH at 37 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Hamada
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Frontier Research in Medicinal Science, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-Ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
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14
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Abstract
Bioactivatable protecting groups represent an enormously powerful tool to increase bioavailability or to generally help deliver drugs to cells. This approach is particularly valuable in the case of biologically active phosphates because of the high intrinsic hydrophilicity and the multitude of biological functions phosphate esters exhibit inside cells. Here, the most prominent masking groups used so far are introduced. The stability and toxicology of the resulting prodrugs is discussed. Finally, this review tries to cover briefly some of the work that describes the usefulness and efficiency of the approach in various application areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Schultz
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstr. 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany.
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15
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Hamada Y, Ohtake J, Sohma Y, Kimura T, Hayashi Y, Kiso Y. New water-soluble prodrugs of HIV protease inhibitors based on O-->N intramolecular acyl migration. Bioorg Med Chem 2002; 10:4155-67. [PMID: 12413869 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(02)00322-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To improve the low water-solubility of HIV protease inhibitors, we synthesized water-soluble prodrugs of KNI-272 and KNI-279 which are potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors consisting of an Apns-Thz core structure (Apns; allophenylnorstatine, Thz; thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid) as an inhibitory machinery. The prodrugs, which contained an O-acyl peptidomimetic structure with an ionized amino group leading to the increase of water-solubility, were designed to regenerate the corresponding parent drugs based on the O-->N intramolecular acyl migration reaction at the alpha-hydroxy-beta-amino acid residue, that is allophenylnorstatine. The synthetic prodrugs 3, 4, 6, and 7 improved the water-solubility (>300mg/mL) more than 4000-fold in comparison with the parent compounds, which is the practically acceptable value as water-soluble drugs. These prodrugs were stable as an HCl salt and in a strongly acidic solution corresponding to gastric juice (pH 2.0), and could be converted to the parent compounds promptly in the aqueous condition from slightly acidic to basic pH at 37 degrees C, with the suitable migration rate, via a five-membered ring intermediate. Using a similar method, we synthesized a prodrug (12) of ritonavir, a clinically useful HIV-1 protease inhibitor as an anti-AIDS drug. In contrast to the prodrugs 3, 4, 6, and 7, the prodrug 12 was very slowly converted to ritonavir probably through a six-membered ring intermediate, with the t(1/2) value of 32h that may not be suitable for practical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Hamada
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Frontier Research in Medicinal Science, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-Ku, Kyoto, Japan
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16
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Sekizaki H, Itoh K, Toyota E, Tanizawa K. Trypsin-catalysed synthesis of oligopeptide amides: comparison of catalytic efficiency among trypsins of different origin (bovine, Streptomyces griseus and chum salmon). J Pept Sci 2002; 8:521-8. [PMID: 12371705 DOI: 10.1002/psc.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A procedure has been developed for the synthesis of oligopeptide amide using inverse substrates as acyl donors with amino acid amide instead of p-nitroanilide as acyl acceptor and trypsins of different origin (bovine, Streptomyces griseus and chum salmon trypsins) as the catalyst. The effectiveness of this procedure was demonstrated by the synthesis of a pentapeptide, Boc-[Leu5]-enkephalin amide, as a model compound. The method was the first enzymatic method shown to be successful at each successive coupling step for the synthesis of the oligopeptide. Bovine and chum salmon trypsins were superior to Streptomyces griseus trypsin as the catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruo Sekizaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Japan
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17
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Poijärvi P, Oivanen M, Lönnberg H. The chemical stability of S-(2-acylthioethyl) and S-acyloxymethyl protected thymidylyl-3',5'-thymidine phosphoromonothiolates and their deacylation products in aqueous solution. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2001; 20:77-91. [PMID: 11303564 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-100001438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The hydrolytic stability of the S-(2-acetylthioethyl) (1a,b), S-(2-pivaloylthioethyl) (2a,b), and S-acetyloxymethyl (3a,b) protected Rp and Sp phosphoromonothiolates of 3',5'-TpT has been studied. Rather unexpectedly, an intramolecular hydroxide ion catalyzed acetyl migration from the protecting group to the nucleoside 3'- and 5'-hydroxy functions was found to compete with the intermolecular displacement of the AcSCH2CH2S- or AcOCH2S-ligand from the phosphorus atom of 1a,b and 3a,b, respectively. With the S-pivaloylthioethyl derivative 2a,b no such reaction took place. Additionally, the kinetics of the cleavage of the S-(2-mercaptoethyl) group from 4a,b, the products of enzymatic deacylation of 1a,b and 2a,b, were studied as a function of pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Poijärvi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Finland
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18
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Abstract
Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are key events in protein expression and regulation and in signal transduction. Phosphopeptides are very useful reagents for the study of these processes, and have been used to great advantage in the study of phosphatase substrate specificity, SH2 domain ligand specificity, and protein-protein interactions. Furthermore, the advent of cell-permeable peptide carriers, such as those from the antennapedia homeodomain and the HIV TAT transcription factor, has allowed the study of intracellular events, thus underscoring the utility of these reagents. In this paper we review methods for the synthesis of phosphopeptides with the emphasis on the preparation of phosphoamino acid building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S McMurray
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Liu WQ, Vidal M, Mathé C, Périgaud C, Garbay C. Inhibition of the ras-dependent mitogenic pathway by phosphopeptide prodrugs with antiproliferative properties. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:669-72. [PMID: 10762050 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00077-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Phosphopeptide prodrugs bearing two S-acyl-2-thioethyl (SATE) biolabile phosphate protections were developed. They are capable to inhibit the Shc/Grb2 interaction and MAP kinases (ERK1 and ERK2) phosphorylation in cellular assay. The S-acetyl-2-thioethyl (MeSATE) analogue showed an IC50 of 1 microM in the inhibition of the colony formation of tumor cell line NIH3T3/HER2.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Q Liu
- Laboratoire de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire et Structurale, U266 INSERM, UMR 8600 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris, France
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