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Cinatl J, Gröschel B, Zehner R, Cinatl J, Périgaud C, Gosselin G, Imbach JL, Doerr HW. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Resistance to AZT in MOLT4/8 Cells is Associated with a Lack of AZT Phosphorylation and is Bypassed by AZT-Monophosphate SATE Prodrugs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/095632029700800407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human T lymphoid MOLT4/8 cells were grown continuously for more than 2 years in a medium containing 3′-azido-2′,3′-dideoxythymidine (zidovudine; AZT) at a concentration of 250 μM. These cells, designated MOLT-4/8rAZT250, were used to test the cytotoxic and antiviral activity of AZT. Intracellular accumulation of AZT, expression of the multidrug resistance 1 (MDR-1) gene, thymidine kinase (TK) gene and activity of the TK enzyme in cellular extracts were measured. The results showed that both the cytotoxic and antiviral activity of AZT were significantly lower in MOLT4/8rAZT250 than in MOLT4/8 cells; concentrations required to inhibit 50% production of the p24 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) antigen of two laboratory strains were at least 100-fold higher in resistant cells. The MDR-1 gene was not expressed in the resistant cells. TK mRNA expression was significantly lower in the resistant than in the sensitive cells. TK enzymatic activity for deoxythymidine phosphorylation was impaired in MOLT4/8rAZT250 cells compared to the sensitive cells. AZT was phosphorylated only in the sensitive cells whereas no phosphorylation of AZT was found in the resistant cells. We tested whether several AZT-monophosphate triesters, which bypass cellular TK, could overcome resistance to the cytotoxic and antiviral activity of AZT. The bis( t-butylSATE) phosphotriester derivative of AZT showed comparable cytotoxic and antiviral activity in sensitive and resistant cells. The results demonstrated that MOLT4/8rAZT250 cells exert resistance to the anti-HIV activity of the drug mainly owing to the lack of AZT phosphorylation and that resistance may be bypassed by using AZT-monophosphate SATE prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cinatl
- Institut für Medizinische Virologie, Universitätsklinikum, JW Goethe-Universität, Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 40, D-60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - B Gröschel
- Institut für Medizinische Virologie, Universitätsklinikum, JW Goethe-Universität, Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 40, D-60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - R Zehner
- Zentrum der Rechfsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum, JW Goethe-Universität, Kennedyallee 104, D-60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - J Cinatl
- Institut für Medizinische Virologie, Universitätsklinikum, JW Goethe-Universität, Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 40, D-60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Zentrum für Kinderheilkunde, Abteilung Hämatologie und Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum, JW Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - C Périgaud
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique, UMR CNRS 5625, Case Courrier 008, Université Montpellier II, Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - G Gosselin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique, UMR CNRS 5625, Case Courrier 008, Université Montpellier II, Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - J-L Imbach
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique, UMR CNRS 5625, Case Courrier 008, Université Montpellier II, Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - HW Doerr
- Institut für Medizinische Virologie, Universitätsklinikum, JW Goethe-Universität, Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 40, D-60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Gosselin G, Périgaud C, Bergogne MC, Balzarini J, De Clercq E, Imbach JL. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New 5,6-dichlorobenzimidazole Nucleoside Derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/095632029400500406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Novel 5,6-dichlorobenzimidazole nucleoside analogues structurally related to the well-known riboside DRB have been synthesized. The 1′,2′- trans nucleosides were prepared by condensation of peracylated sugars with 5,6-dichlorobenzimidazole, whereas the 1′,2′- cis β-D-arabinofuranosyl and β-D-lyxofuranosyl nucleosides were obtained by inversion of configuration on the sugar moiety. Chiral acyclic derivatives were stereospecifically prepared by ring-opening of furano- or pyrano-nucleosides by means of periodate oxidation, followed by borohydride reduction. The in vitro activities against a range of DNA and RNA viruses, as well as the cytotoxicities in human T-lymphocyte MT-4 cells, have been determined for these novel compounds and for DRB. No truly selective activity (i.e. clearly below the cytotoxic concentration) was observed against any of the viruses used. Some of the compounds, including DRB, were cytotoxic to MT-4 cells at CC50 values of less than 10 μg ml−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Gosselin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique, URA 488 du CNRS, case courrier 008, Université de Montpellier II, Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cédex 5, France
| | - C. Périgaud
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique, URA 488 du CNRS, case courrier 008, Université de Montpellier II, Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cédex 5, France
| | - M.-C. Bergogne
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique, URA 488 du CNRS, case courrier 008, Université de Montpellier II, Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cédex 5, France
| | - J. Balzarini
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - E. De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - J.-L. Imbach
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique, URA 488 du CNRS, case courrier 008, Université de Montpellier II, Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cédex 5, France
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Périgaud C, Girardet JL, Lefebvre I, Xie MY, Aubertin AM, Kirn A, Gosselin G, Imbach JL, Sommadossi JP. Comparison of Cytotoxicity of Mononucleoside Phosphotriester Derivatives Bearing Biolabile Phosphate Protecting Groups in Normal Human Bone Marrow Progenitor Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/095632029600700607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The effects of three mononucleoside phosphotriester derivatives of 3′-azido-2′,3′-dideoxythymidine (AZT) which incorporate biolabile phosphate protecting groups, namely S-acetyl-2-thioethyl (MeSATE), S-(2-hydroxyethylsulfidyl)-2-thioethyl (DTE), and pivaloyloxymethyl (POM) were studied and compared to their nucleoside parent in human myeloid colony-forming cells. Moreover, the relative antiviral potency of these three pronucleotides were determined in primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. The results indicate that the SATE and DTE pro-moieties, as well as their degradation products, do not induce additional toxicity. The bis(MeSATE) phosphotriester derivative of AZT emerged as the most selective inhibitor with an in-vitro therapeutic index of the same order of magnitude as observed for AZT. This study has been extended to the corresponding bis(MeSATE) and bis(DTE) phosphotriester derivatives of 2′,3′-dideoxyuridine (ddU).
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Périgaud
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique, UMR CNRS 5625, Case Counter 008, Université Montpellier II, Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - J.-L. Girardet
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique, UMR CNRS 5625, Case Counter 008, Université Montpellier II, Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - I. Lefebvre
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique, UMR CNRS 5625, Case Counter 008, Université Montpellier II, Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - M.-Y. Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, Centre for AIDS Research, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - A.-M. Aubertin
- Institut de Virologie de la Faculté de Médecine de Strasbourg, Unité INSERM 74, 3 rue Koeberlé, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - A. Kirn
- Institut de Virologie de la Faculté de Médecine de Strasbourg, Unité INSERM 74, 3 rue Koeberlé, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - G. Gosselin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique, UMR CNRS 5625, Case Counter 008, Université Montpellier II, Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - J.-L. Imbach
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique, UMR CNRS 5625, Case Counter 008, Université Montpellier II, Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - J.-P. Sommadossi
- Department of Pharmacology, Centre for AIDS Research, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Helou J, Clément-Colmou K, Sylvestre A, Campion L, Amessis M, Zefkili S, Raphael J, Bonnette P, Le Pimpec Barthes F, Périgaud C, Mahé MA, Giraud P. [Helical tomotherapy in the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma: The impact of low doses on pulmonary and oesophageal toxicity]. Cancer Radiother 2013; 17:755-62. [PMID: 24269017 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2013.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the adjuvant treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma by helical tomotherapy and the impact of low doses on esophageal and pulmonary toxicity. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between June 2007 and May 2011, 29 patients diagnosed with malignant pleural mesothelioma received adjuvant radiotherapy by helical tomotherapy. The median age was 63 years (34-72). Histologically, 83 % of patients had epithelioid malignant pleural mesothelioma. Clinically, 45 % of patients were T3 and 55 % N0. Eighty six percent of the patients were treated by extrapleural pneumonectomy and 35 % received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with platinum and pemetrexed. The median dose in the pneumonectomy cavity was 50Gy at 2Gy/fraction. RESULTS The mean follow-up was 2.3 years after diagnosis. Overall survival at 1 and 2 years was 65 and 36 % respectively. The median survival from diagnosis was 18 months. Median lung volumes receiving 2, 5, 10, 13, 15 and 20Gy (V2, V5, V10, V13, V15 and V20) were 100, 98, 52, 36, 19 and 5 %. The median of the mean remaining lung dose was 11Gy. Two patients died of pulmonary complications, three patients had grade 3 lung toxicity, while esophageal grade 3-4 toxicity was observed in three other patients. No significant impact of clinical characteristics and dosimetric parameters were found on pulmonary toxicity, however a V10≥50 %, a V15≥15 % and mean lung dose of 10Gy or more had a tendency to be predictive of pulmonary toxicity (P<0.1). Moreover, in our analysis, the mean lung dose seems to have a significant impact on esophageal toxicity (P=0.03) as well as low doses to the controlateral lung: V5, V10 and V13 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Helical tomotherapy is a promising technique in the multimodality treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Low doses received by the contralateral lung appear to be the limiting factor. A dosimetric comparison with volumetric modulated arctherapy techniques would be interesting in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Helou
- Service d'oncologie radiothérapie, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.
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Peyrottes S, Villard AL, Coussot G, Augustijns P, Lefebvre I, Aubertin AM, Gosselin G, Périgaud C. A step further in the SATE mononucleotide prodrug approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010:539-40. [PMID: 18776492 DOI: 10.1093/nass/nrn273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis, in vitro anti-HIV activity, stability studies as well as potential for oral absorption of some novel phenyl S-acyl-2-thioethyl (SATE) phosphotriester derivatives of AZT (zidovudine; 3'-azido-2',3'- dideoxythymidine) are reported herein. These mononucleotide prodrugs (pronucleotides) are characterized by the presence of polar (amino or hydroxyl) functions on the SATE biolabile phosphate protections. Whereas pronucleotides incorporating an amino residue in the vicinity of the thioester functionality display low chemical stability, the introduction of one or two hydroxyl groups on the SATE moiety confers high resistance of the resulting prodrugs towards esterase hydrolysis. Thus, one of these pronucleotides, derivative 2, was able to cross a Caco-2 cell monolayer mainly in intact form, probing that its further development is warranted as a possible HIV-pronucleotide candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Peyrottes
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS-UM1-UM2, Université Montpellier 2, cc1705, Montpellier, France.
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6
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Meurillon M, Peyrottes S, Périgaud C. Exploring synthetic routes to nucleoside alkynylphosphonates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010:565-6. [PMID: 18776505 DOI: 10.1093/nass/nrn286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Alkynylphosphonates belong to a very interesting family as they may be viewed as precursors to a wide range of functionalized derivatives. Considering our ongoing research on 5'-mononucleotides of biological interest, we embarked on the synthesis of such compounds. Despite a limited number of steps, the nucleosidic pathway appeared disappointing. Therefore, an osidic pathway was explored and proved to be interesting. The corresponding optimization study and the synthesis of a new series of nucleoside alkynylphosphonates are described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Meurillon
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS-UM1-UM2, Equipe Nucléosides Effecteurs Phosphorylés, Université Montpellier 2, cc1705, place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier, France
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7
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Sylvestre A, Giraud P, Lisbona A, Zefkili S, Bonnette P, Barthes F, Michaud JL, Périgaud C, Mahé MA. La tomothérapie dans le mésothéliome pleural malin : premiers résultats cliniques. Cancer Radiother 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2010.07.506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Duy SV, Lefebvre-Tournier I, Pichon V, Hugon-Chapuis F, Puy JY, Périgaud C. Molecularly imprinted polymer for analysis of zidovudine and stavudine in human serum by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:1101-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2008] [Revised: 02/20/2009] [Accepted: 02/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Gondeau C, Chaloin L, Lallemand P, Roy B, Périgaud C, Barman T, Varga A, Vas M, Lionne C, Arold ST. Molecular basis for the lack of enantioselectivity of human 3-phosphoglycerate kinase. Nucleic Acids Res 2008; 36:3620-9. [PMID: 18463139 PMCID: PMC2441801 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkn212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-natural l-nucleoside analogues are increasingly used as therapeutic agents to treat cancer and viral infections. To be active, l-nucleosides need to be phosphorylated to their respective triphosphate metabolites. This stepwise phosphorylation relies on human enzymes capable of processing l-nucleoside enantiomers. We used crystallographic analysis to reveal the molecular basis for the low enantioselectivity and the broad specificity of human 3-phosphoglycerate kinase (hPGK), an enzyme responsible for the last step of phosphorylation of many nucleotide derivatives. Based on structures of hPGK in the absence of nucleotides, and bound to l and d forms of MgADP and MgCDP, we show that a non-specific hydrophobic clamp to the nucleotide base, as well as a water-filled cavity behind it, allows high flexibility in the interaction between PGK and the bases. This, combined with the dispensability of hydrogen bonds to the sugar moiety, and ionic interactions with the phosphate groups, results in the positioning of different nucleotides so to expose their diphosphate group in a position competent for catalysis. Since the third phosphorylation step is often rate limiting, our results are expected to alleviate in silico tailoring of l-type prodrugs to assure their efficient metabolic processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gondeau
- Centre d'études d'agents Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé, UMR 5236, CNRS-Universités Montpellier 1 et 2, Institut de Biologie, 4 bd Henri IV, CS69033, 34965 Montpellier cedex 2, France
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Alexandre JAC, Roy B, Topalis D, Périgaud C, Deville-Bonne D. Enantio-selectivity of human nucleoside monophosphate kinases. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2008; 26:1375-9. [PMID: 18066786 DOI: 10.1080/15257770701534014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Over recent years, there has been a renewed interest in the development of L-nucleosides as safe and efficacious drugs for the treatment of viral infections. Biological activity of these compounds requires phosphorylation to their triphosphate form, involving nucleoside monophosphate kinases in the second step. In order to characterize the activation pathway of L-nucleosides of the pyrimidine series, we studied the enantio-selectivity of human uridylate-cytidylate and thymidylate kinases. The results showed that these enzymes are only weakly enantio-selective and are thus probably involved in the activation of L-nucleosides in vivo. An activation pathway for telbivudine (L-dT) was therefore proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A C Alexandre
- Laboratoire d'Enzymologie Moléculaire et Fonctionnelle, FRE2852-CNRS-Université Paris 6, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
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Lefebvre I, Puy JY, Perrin C, Périgaud C. Quantification of zidovudine and its monophosphate in cell extracts by on-line solid-phase extraction coupled to liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 858:2-7. [PMID: 17870675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2007] [Revised: 06/15/2007] [Accepted: 07/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A simple and rapid analytical method for the simultaneous quantification of zidovudine (AZT) and its monophosphate (AZTMP) in cell extracts has been developed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with on-line solid-phase extraction and 2-aminoethyl-3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidin-5'-yl phosphodiester sodium salt as internal standard (IS). The cell extract samples were directly injected on a short reversed-phase precolumn using an aqueous buffer containing an ion-pairing reagent as a mobile phase. Under these conditions, the analytes were retained on the precolumn whereas the proteins were discarded. The analytes were then transferred onto the analytical column by increasing the strength of the eluent. The calibration curve was linear over a concentration range of 0.5-100 microg/ml. Inter- and intra-day accuracy and precision results satisfied the accepted criteria for bioanalytical validation. This method was used to study the decomposition pathway of a model pronucleotide in an in vitro approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Lefebvre
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS-UM1-UM2, Université Montpellier 2, case courrier 1705, place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cédex 05, France.
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12
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Brulé N, Sagan C, Cellerin L, Chailleux E, Périgaud C. 248 Fibrose pleurale et mésothéliome : les limites de la thoracoscopie. Rev Mal Respir 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0761-8425(07)72624-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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Bazzanini R, Gouy MH, Peyrottes S, Gosselin G, Périgaud C, Manfredini S. Synthetic approaches to a mononucleotide prodrug of cytarabine. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2006; 24:1635-49. [PMID: 16438040 DOI: 10.1080/15257770500267006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic pathways to a mononucleotide prodrug of cytarabine (Ara-C) bearing S-pivaloyl-2-thioethyl (tBuSATE) groups, as biolabile phosphate protections, are reported. Using a common phosphoramidite approach, two different kinds of nucleoside protecting groups have been investigated. During this study, we observed an intermolecular migration of the Boc protecting group in the course of the tert-butyldimethylsilyl ether cleavage using tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bazzanini
- UMR 5625 CNRS-UM II, Université Montpellier II, France
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14
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Abstract
This review depicts in vitro and in vivo results obtained with nucleotide prodrugs (pronucleotides) bearing S-acyl-2-thioethyl (SATE) groups as esterase-labile phosphate protections. New developments are illustrated by the design of mononucleoside mixed phosphoester derivatives leading to the selective intracellular delivery of the corresponding 5'-mononucleotide through two different enzyme-mediated activation steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Peyrottes
- UMR 5625 CNRS-UM II, Université Montpellier II, case courrier 008, place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 05, France.
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15
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Jochum A, Schlienger N, Gosselin G, Imbach JL, Aubertin AM, Périgaud C. Mononucleoside SATE glucosyl phosphorothiolates as a new series of pronucleotides. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2003; 22:899-901. [PMID: 14565306 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-120022681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and the study of two phosphorothiolate derivatives of 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (AZT) bearing a S-pivaloyl-2-thioethyl (tBuSATE) group and glucosyl residues associated to the phosphorus atom by a 2-oxyethyl link, are reported. These derivatives could be considered as prototypes of a new series of nucleotide prodrugs (pronucleotides).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jochum
- Université Montpellier II, UMR 5625 CNRS, Montpellier, France
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16
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Egron D, Imbach JL, Gosselin G, Aubertin AM, Périgaud C. Investigations of nucleoside H-phosphonamidate in the design of nucleotide prodrug. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2003; 22:895-7. [PMID: 14565305 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-120022680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, anti-HIV activity and stability studies of a H-phosphonamidate derivative of 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (AZT) incorporating a N,N-diisopropylamino residue as first model of alkylamino group are reported. The results demonstrate that such phosphorylated structure exerts its biological effects via chemical hydrolysis into the corresponding H-phosphonate, precursor of the parent nucleoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Egron
- Université Montpellier II, UMR 5625 CNRS, Montpellier, France
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17
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Peyrottes S, Gosselin G, Aubertin AM, Périgaud C. SATE (aryl) phosphotriester series. I. Synthesis and biological evaluation. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2003; 22:903-5. [PMID: 14565307 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-120022682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and biological activities of several phosphotriester derivatives of 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (AZT) bearing a S-pivaloyl-2-thioethyl (tBuSATE) group and aryl residues derived from L-tyrosine are reported. All compounds showed marked anti-HIV activity in thymidine kinase-deficient CEM cells demonstrating their ability to deliver intracellularly the parent 5'-mononucleotide.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Peyrottes
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Biomoléculaire de Synthèse, Université Montpellier II, UMR 5625 CNRS, Montpellier, France.
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18
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Coussot G, Lefebvre I, Dimalta D, Peyrottes S, Pompon A, Gosselin G, Périgaud C. SATE (aryl) phosphotriester series. II. Stability studies and physicochemical parameters. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2003; 22:907-9. [PMID: 14565308 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-120022683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The stability of phosphotriester derivatives of 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (AZT) bearing a S-pivaloyl-2-thioethyl (tBuSATE) group and various aryl residues derived from L-tyrosine was evaluated in biological media. The results demonstrate that such compounds give rise to intracellular delivery of the parent mononucleotide through esterase and phosphodiesterase hydrolytic steps, successively.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Coussot
- Université Montpellier II, UMR 5625 CNRS, Montpellier, France
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19
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Abstract
Lower limb compartment syndrome is an unusual but severe complication of prolonged surgery more than four hours in lithotomy position. It is usually a consequence of hypoperfusion of the lower extremities and muscle necrosis may occur. Several risk factors are pointed out: trendelenburg, the hardness of operating table, hypothermia, control hypotension, occlusion of arterial blood flow of the lower extremity, arteritis (and smoking), diabetes, obesity, arterial hypertension, myopathy and an important muscle mass. The symptoms are postoperative pain with neurological signs. A rapid diagnosis and aggressive management (i.e. resuscitation and aponevrotomy) is recommended. Neurological sequelae are sometimes invalidating. Reporting a case of bilateral syndrome, we reviewed the literature and describe the present diagnosis and therapeutic management as well as prevention modalities of this iatrogenic complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tison
- Clinique chirurgicale 2, pôle digestif, Hôtel-Dieu, CHU de Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France
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20
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Gröschel B, Cinatl J, Périgaud C, Gosselin G, Imbach JL, Doerr HW, Cinatl J. S-acyl-2-thioethyl (SATE) pronucleotides are potent inhibitors of HIV-1 replication in T-lymphoid cells cross-resistant to deoxycytidine and thymidine analogs. Antiviral Res 2002; 53:143-52. [PMID: 11750940 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-3542(01)00205-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The biological evaluation of mononucleotide prodrugs (pronucleotides) of various nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) such as zidovudine (AZT), zalcitabine (ddC) and lamivudine (3TC) was reported in human T-lymphoid MOLT-4/8 cells which were grown continuously for more than 1 year in a medium containing cytarabine (Ara-C). In this cell line, expression of deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) and thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) was decreased in comparison to parental cells (3.8 and 2.9-fold, respectively). The lower mRNA level of TK1 correlated significantly with lower enzyme activity, whereas no dCK activity was detectable. In Ara-C-resistant cells, anti-HIV-1 effects of ddC, 3TC and AZT were more than 100-fold lower compared with parental cells. In contrast, the corresponding mononucleoside phosphotriesters bearing S-acyl-2-thioethyl (SATE) groups as biolabile phosphate protection retained anti-HIV-1 activity due to their ability to bypass the first monophosphorylation step catalyzed by dCK or TK1. The results demonstrate that in vitro selection of T-lymphoid cells in the presence of Ara-C results in cross-resistance to deoxycytidine (ddC, 3TC) and thymidine (AZT) analogs and that these cellular resistance mechanisms can be bypassed by the use of bis(SATE) pronucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gröschel
- Institute of Medical Virology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt/M., Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 40, 60596 M., Frankfurt, Germany
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21
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Egron D, Arzumanov AA, Dyatkina NB, Aubertin AM, Imbach JL, Gosselin G, Krayevsky A, Périgaud C. Synthesis, anti-HIV activity, and stability studies of 5'-phosphorofluoridate derivatives of AZT. Bioorg Chem 2001; 29:333-44. [PMID: 11846432 DOI: 10.1006/bioo.2001.1220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, in vitro anti-HIV activity and stability studies of the 5'-fluorophosphate derivative of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) are reported. The results support the hypothesis that this phosphorylated entity exerts its biological effect via the delivery of the corresponding 5'-mononucleotide through an enzymatic process. However, the antiviral evaluation in thymidine kinase-deficient CEM cells as well as the stability studies in culture medium and cell extract showed that this bioconversion is not specific to the intracellular medium. Attempts to improve the biological activity of mononucleoside 5'-fluorophosphates by the use of the S-pivaloyl-2-thioethyl (tBuSATE) group as biolabile phosphate protection are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Egron
- UMR CNRS 5625, Université Montpellier II, cc 008, Place E. Bataillon, Montpellier Cedex 5, 34095, France
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22
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Abstract
A new pronucleotide series is described involving a two-step degradation process mediated by, respectively, carboxylesterase and phosphoramidase. Taking AZT as nucleosidyl moiety, it is shown that most of the compounds inhibit HIV replication in TK(-) cell line, which proves 5'-AZTMP delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Beltran
- UMR 5625 CNRS-UM II, Université Montpellier II, cc 008, place E. Bataillon, 34095 Cedex 05, Montpellier, France
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23
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Peyrottes S, Schlienger N, Beltran T, Lefebvre I, Pompon A, Gosselin G, Aubertin AM, Imbach JL, Périgaud C. Design of new mononucleotide prodrugs: aryl (SATE) phosphotriester derivatives. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2001; 20:315-21. [PMID: 11563043 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-100002302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis, biological activities and decomposition kinetics of novel phosphotriester derivatives of 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (AZT) bearing a S-tButyl-2-thioethyl (tBuSATE) group and L-tyrosinyl residues are reported. All the derivatives appeared to be potent inhibitors of HIV-1 replication in various cell culture experiments. The proposed decomposition process of these mixed phosphotriesters may involve successively an esterase and then a phosphodiesterase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Peyrottes
- UMR 5625 CNRS-UM II, Université Montpellier II, cc 008, place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
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24
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Egron D, Périgaud C, Gosselin G, Aubertin AM, Imbach JL. Synthesis and study of a new series of phosphoramidate derivatives as mononucleotide prodrugs. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2001; 20:751-4. [PMID: 11563108 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-100002422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and the study of new mononucleoside phosphoramidate diesters bearing S-acyl-2-thioethyl (SATE) groups and an alkylamino residue are reported. The studied compounds appear to be able to deliver the corresponding 5'-mononucleotide inside the cells, and could be considered as prototypes for a new kind of mononucleotide prodrugs (pronucleotides).
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Affiliation(s)
- D Egron
- Laboratoire Coopératif Novirio-CNRS-Université Montpellier II, France
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25
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Shafiee M, Deferme S, Villard AL, Egron D, Gosselin G, Imbach JL, Lioux T, Pompon A, Varray S, Aubertin AM, Van Den Mooter G, Kinget R, Périgaud C, Augustijns P. New bis(SATE) prodrug of AZT 5'-monophosphate: in vitro anti-HIV activity, stability, and potential oral absorption. J Pharm Sci 2001; 90:448-63. [PMID: 11170035 DOI: 10.1002/1520-6017(200104)90:4<448::aid-jps1003>3.0.co;2-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro anti-HIV activity, stability, and potential for oral absorption of a phosphotriester derivative of AZT (zidovudine; 3'-azido-2',3'-deoxythymidine) bearing a new esterase-labile S-acyl-2-thioethyl (SATE) group as transient phosphate protection are reported. The biolabile protection is characterized by the presence of a hydroxyl function in the acyl chain. In accordance with previously reported data in the bis(SATE) prodrug series, the present results demonstrate that the studied bis(hydroxytBuSATE)phosphotriester exerts its biological effects via intracellular delivery of the 5'-monophosphate of AZT. The hydroxyl function confers a high resistance against esterase hydrolysis, and the studied prodrug is able to cross the Caco-2 cell monolayers in intact form, suggesting that its further development as a possible anti-HIV pronucleotide candidate is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shafiee
- Laboratorium voor Farmacotechnologie en Biofarmacie, O & N, Gasthuisberg, K.U. Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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26
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Placidi L, Faraj A, Loi AG, Pierra C, Egron D, Cretton-Scott E, Gosseli G, Périgaud C, Martin LT, Schinazi RF, Imbach JL, el Kouni MH, Bryant ML, Sommadossi JP. Antiviral activity and intracellular metabolism of bis(tButylSATE) phosphotriester of beta-L-2',3'dideoxyadenosine, a potent inhibitor of HIV and HBV replication. Antivir Chem Chemother 2001; 12:99-108. [PMID: 11527047 DOI: 10.1177/095632020101200203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The beta-L-nucleoside analogue beta-L-2',3'-dideoxy adenosine (beta-L-ddA) has been shown to exhibit limited antiviral activities. This was attributed to its rapid catabolism through cleavage of the glycosidic bond and poor phosphorylation to the nucleotide beta-L-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine-5'-mono phosphate (beta-L-ddAMP) (Placidi et al., 2000). However, the nucleotide beta-L-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine-5'-triphosphate (beta-L-ddATP) inhibited the activity of both HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) and viral DNA polymerase isolated from woodchuck hepatitis virus-infected serum (a model of hepatitis B) with an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 2.0 microM without inhibiting human DNA polymerases alpha, beta, or gamma up to a concentration of 100 microM. These results suggested that prodrugs of beta-L-ddAMP may bypass the poor metabolic activation of beta-L-ddA and lead to more potent and selective antiviral activity. Therefore, the mononucleoside phosphotriester derivative of beta-L-ddAMP incorporating the S-pivaloyl-2-thioethyl (tButylSATE) groups, beta-L-ddAMP-bis(tButylSATE) was synthesized. Beta-L-ddAMP-bis(tButylSATE) inhibited HIV replication in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and HBV replication in 2.2.15 cells with effective concentrations (EC50s) of 2 and 80 nM, respectively. Intracellular metabolism of beta-L-ddAMP-bis(tButylSATE) demonstrated that beta-L-ddATP was the predominant intracellular metabolite in PBMC and liver cells. The intracellular half-life of beta-L-ddATP was 5.4 and 9.2 h in HepG2 and PBMCs, respectively. The intracellular concentrations of beta-L-ddATP were maintained above the EC50 for the inhibition of HIV RT and hepatitis B virus (HBV) for as long as 24 h after removal of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Placidi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
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27
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Schlienger N, Peyrottes S, Kassem T, Imbach JL, Gosselin G, Aubertin AM, Périgaud C. S-Acyl-2-thioethyl aryl phosphotriester derivatives as mononucleotide prodrugs. J Med Chem 2000; 43:4570-4. [PMID: 11087582 DOI: 10.1021/jm000996o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and biological activities of phosphotriester derivatives of 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (AZT) bearing a phenyl group or L-tyrosinyl residues are reported. The target compounds were obtained via either P(V) or P(III) chemistry from the appropriate aryl precursors. All the derivatives were evaluated for their in vitro anti-HIV activity, and they appeared to be potent inhibitors of HIV-1 replication in various cell culture experiments, with EC(50) values between the micro- and nanomolar range. Furthermore, compounds incorporating an amino- and/or acid-substituted tyrosinyl residue demonstrated significant anti-HIV effects in thymidine kinase-deficient (TK(-)) cells showing their ability to act as mononucleotide prodrugs. The proposed decomposition process of these mixed mononucleoside aryl phosphotriesters may involve esterase activation followed by phosphodiesterase hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Schlienger
- UMR 5625 CNRS-UM II, Université Montpellier II, cc 008, place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
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28
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Liu WQ, Vidal M, Mathé C, Périgaud C, Garbay C. Inhibition of the ras-dependent mitogenic pathway by phosphopeptide prodrugs with antiproliferative properties. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:669-72. [PMID: 10762050 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00077-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Phosphopeptide prodrugs bearing two S-acyl-2-thioethyl (SATE) biolabile phosphate protections were developed. They are capable to inhibit the Shc/Grb2 interaction and MAP kinases (ERK1 and ERK2) phosphorylation in cellular assay. The S-acetyl-2-thioethyl (MeSATE) analogue showed an IC50 of 1 microM in the inhibition of the colony formation of tumor cell line NIH3T3/HER2.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Q Liu
- Laboratoire de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire et Structurale, U266 INSERM, UMR 8600 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris, France
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29
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Abstract
Acyclic derivatives of adenine, known as highly effective nucleotide analogs with broad spectrum antiviral activity, were evaluated for potential cross-reactivity with adenylyl cyclases, a family of membrane-bound enzymes that share putative topologies at their catalytic sites with oligonucleotide polymerases and reverse transcriptases. A series of derivatives of 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (PMEA) inhibited a preparation of adenylyl cyclase derived from rat brain with IC(50) values that ranged from 66 microM (PMEA) to 175 nM for its diphosphate derivative (PMEApp) and mimics of it. PMEApp mimics included PMEAp(NH)p, PMEAp(CH(2))p, PMEAp(CX(2))p (X = fluorine, chlorine, or bromine), PMEAp(CHX)pp, and PMEAp(C(OH)CH(3)pp. The data suggest that inhibition of adenylyl cyclases may contribute to the therapeutic action of some of these or similar compounds or constitute part of their side effects in therapeutic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Shoshani
- Department of Physiology, State University of New York, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook, New York 11794-8661, USA
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30
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Kers I, Stawiński J, Girardet JL, Imbach JL, Périgaud C, Gosselin G, Aubertin AM. Synthesis and anti-retroviral activity of O,O'-bis(3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidin-5'-yl) phosphoramidate derivatives. Nucleosides Nucleotides 1999; 18:2317-25. [PMID: 10616733 DOI: 10.1080/07328319908044884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A simple and efficient protocol for the preparation of various symmetrical dinucleoside phosphoramidates derived from AZT, is presented. It consists of the phosphonylation of AZT with phosphonic acid in the presence of DCC to produce the symmetrical H-phosphonate diester, followed by its oxidative conversion to various phosphoramidate analogues. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anti-HIV activity in different cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kers
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Sweden
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31
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Lannuzel M, Egron D, Imbach JL, Gosselin G, Périgaud C. Synthesis of the tBuSATE pronucleotide of AZT by two different synthetic approaches. Nucleosides Nucleotides 1999; 18:1001-2. [PMID: 10432729 DOI: 10.1080/15257779908041628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A large scale synthesis of the tBuSATE pronucleotide of AZT was required for in vivo studies. A comparative synthesis of this derivative by phosphoramidite and monophosphate approaches is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lannuzel
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique, U.M.R. 5625 C.N.R.S.-U.S.T.L., Université de Montpellier II, France
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32
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Egron D, Arzumanov AA, Dyatkina NB, Krayevsky A, Imbach JL, Aubertin AM, Gosselin G, Périgaud C. Synthesis, anti-HIV activity and stability studies of 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine 5'-fluorophosphate. Nucleosides Nucleotides 1999; 18:983-4. [PMID: 10432725 DOI: 10.1080/15257779908041621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, in vitro anti-HIV activity, and stability studies of AZT 5'-fluorophosphate (F-AZTMP) are reported. The present results demonstrate that such compound is a bioprecursor of its parent 5'-mononucleotide (AZTMP) but its biotransformation does not allow its selective intracellular delivery. Moreover, several attempts were carried out in order to improve the biological activity of this compound by the use of a SATE prodrug strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Egron
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique, UMR CNRS-USTL 5625, Université Montpellier II, France
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33
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Egron D, Périgaud C, Gosselin G, Aubertin AM, Imbach JL. Synthesis and anti-HIV activity of some S-acyl-2-thioethyl (SATE) phosphoramidate derivatives of 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine. Nucleosides Nucleotides 1999; 18:981-2. [PMID: 10432724 DOI: 10.1080/15257779908041620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and in vitro anti-HIV activity of tBuSATE phosphoramidate derivatives of AZT incorporating several methyl-esterified alpha-amino acids are reported. The biological evaluation strongly supports the hypothesis that such compounds exert their anti-HIV effects via intracellular delivery of the corresponding 5'-mononucleotide.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Egron
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique, UMR CNRS-USTL 5625, Université Montpellier II, France
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34
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Beltran T, Egron D, Lefebvre I, Périgaud C, Pompon A, Gosselin G, Aubertin AM, Imbach JL. Anti-HIV pronucleotides: SATE versus phenyl as a protecting group of AZT phosphoramidate derivatives. Nucleosides Nucleotides 1999; 18:973-5. [PMID: 10432723 DOI: 10.1080/15257779908041617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We comparatively studied the decomposition pathways in CEM cell extract of several PHENYL phosphoramidate diesters of AZT. A correlation between anti-HIV activities in TK- cell lines and pharmacokinetic data has been observed. This study would help to design corresponding SATE phosphoramidate diesters which revealed potent anti-HIV properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Beltran
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique, UMR CNRS-USTL 5625, Université Montpellier II, France
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35
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Bazzanini R, Manfredini S, Durini E, Gröschel B, Cinatl J, Balzarini J, De Clercq E, Imbach JL, Périgaud C, Gosselin G. Prodrugs of Ara-CMP and Ara-AMP with a S-acyl-2-thioethyl (SATE) biolabile phosphate protecting group: synthesis and biological evaluation. Nucleosides Nucleotides 1999; 18:971-2. [PMID: 10432722 DOI: 10.1080/15257779908041616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The bis(S-pivaloyl-2-thioethyl) phosphotriesters of Ara-C and Ara-A were synthesized as potential bioreversible mononucleotide prodrugs. Some N- and O-acylated derivatives were also prepared with the aim to modify the lipophilicity of the title pronucleotides. Compounds were tested for their antitumor/antiviral activity against a variety of tumor cells and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bazzanini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, I.Co.C.E.A., Bologna, Italy.
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36
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Schlienger N, Peyrottes S, Aubertin AM, Gosselin G, Imbach JL, Périgaud C. New series of mixed pronucleotides. Synthesis and anti-HIV activities of mononucleoside phenyl SATE phosphotriesters. Nucleosides Nucleotides 1999; 18:1025-6. [PMID: 10432735 DOI: 10.1080/15257779908041638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and anti-HIV activities of phenyl S-pivaloyl-2-thioethyl (tBuSATE) phosphotriesters of AZT and d4T are reported. These compounds show similar activity compared to bis(tBuSATE) phosphotriesters and appear to be able to deliver the corresponding 5'-mononucleotides inside the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Schlienger
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique, U.M.R. CNRS 5625, Université Montpellier II, France
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37
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Gröschel B, Himmel N, Cinatl J, Périgaud C, Gosselin G, Imbach JL, Doerr HW, Cinatl J. ddC- and 3TC-bis(SATE) monophosphate prodrugs overcome cellular resistance mechanisms to HIV-1 associated with cytidine kinase deficiency. Nucleosides Nucleotides 1999; 18:921-6. [PMID: 10432710 DOI: 10.1080/15257779908041600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (ddC)-resistant T-lymphoid cell line (MOLT-4/8rddC250), in which deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) gene-expression was decreased when compared with parental cells, has been selected. Cytotoxic and antiretroviral activity of ddC and 3TC was significantly lower in MOLT-4/8rddC250-than in parental MOLT-4/8 cells. ddC- and 3TC-bis(SATE)phosphotriesters completely overcame cellular resistance mechanisms and showed comparable both cytotoxic and antiretroviral activity in parental and ddC-resistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gröschel
- Institute of Medical Virology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt/M., Germany
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38
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Abstract
We synthesized and characterized new diphosphate mimics of the acyclic nucleoside phosphonate PMEA [Adefovir, 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine].
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Laux
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique, UMR CNRS-USTL 5625, Université Montpellier II, France
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Périgaud C, Gosselin G, Girardet JL, Korba BE, Imbach JL. The S-acyl-2-thioethyl pronucleotide approach applied to acyclovir: part I. Synthesis and in vitro anti-hepatitis B virus activity of bis(S-acyl-2-thioethyl)phosphotriester derivatives of acyclovir. Antiviral Res 1999; 40:167-78. [PMID: 10027651 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-3542(98)00059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and in vitro anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) activity of two mononucleoside phosphotriester derivatives of acyclovir incorporating S-acyl-2-thioethyl (SATE) groups are reported. In contrast to the parent nucleoside, the described phosphotriesters emerged as potent and selective inhibitors of HBV replication in HepG2.2.15 cells. This result can be attributed to the unique cellular metabolism of the SATE pronucleotides giving rise to the delivery to acyclovir 5'-monophosphate inside the infected cells. Moreover, the in vitro anti-HBV activities of one of these bis(SATE)phosphotriesters and of (-)-beta-L-2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine (lamivudine, 3TC) were compared alone and in combination. Analysis of the combination data indicates that 3TC and the studied SATE pronucleotide of acyclovir exhibited strong synergistic interactions. The present study provides an example where the use of a pronucleotide approach extends the antiviral spectrum of a nucleoside analogue. Given the potency of SATE pronucleotides of acyclovir against HBV in HepG2.2.15 cells, further studies including animal experiments seem warranted to evaluate the potential of these compounds as anti-HBV agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Périgaud
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique, UMR CNRS 5625, Université Montpellier II, France.
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40
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Hantz O, Périgaud C, Borel C, Jamard C, Zoulim F, Trépo C, Imbach JL, Gosselin G. The SATE pronucleotide approach applied to acyclovir: part II. Effects of bis(SATE)phosphotriester derivatives of acyclovir on duck hepatitis B virus replication in vitro and in vivo. Antiviral Res 1999; 40:179-87. [PMID: 10027652 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-3542(98)00060-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro and in vivo antiviral activities of two mononucleoside phosphotriester derivatives of acyclovir (ACV) incorporating S-acyl-2-thioethyl (SATE) groups are reported using the duck model of hepatitis B (DHBV). In primary duck hepatocyte cultures, the described phosphotriesters significantly inhibited the replication of DHBV at submicromolar concentrations. They were found to be more potent than the parent nucleoside. This result was in agreement with our data concerning the anti-HBV activity of these pronucleotides in HepG2.2.15 cells (previous paper). In vivo, the studied SATE pronucleotide was also found to be more efficient than ACV in infected ducklings upon short-term oral therapy, while intraperitoneal treatment showed high anti-DHBV activity with both ACV and its SATE pronucleotide in this animal model. These findings demonstrate the potential of SATE pronucleotides of ACV as anti-HBV agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Hantz
- INSERM U. 271, Lyon, France.
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41
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Schlienger N, Beltran T, Périgaud C, Lefebvre I, Pompon A, Aubertin AM, Gosselin G, Imbach JL. Rational design of a new series of mixed anti-HIV pronucleotides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8:3003-6. [PMID: 9873664 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00535-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
MonoSATE aryl phosphotriesters of AZT are able to deliver intracellularly the corresponding 5'-mononucleotide. This process requires activation by an esterase followed by a phosphodiesterase. This finding opens the way to the design of new pronucleotide series.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Schlienger
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique, U.M.R. C.N.R.S. 5625, Université Montpellier II, France
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Egron D, Lefebvre I, Périgaud C, Beltran T, Pompon A, Gosselin G, Aubertin AM, Imbach JL. Anti-HIV pronucleotides: decomposition pathways and correlation with biological activities. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8:1045-50. [PMID: 9871705 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00158-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to compare the decomposition pathways in CEM cell extracts of various phenyl phosphoramidate derivatives of AZT. In addition, the structures of their metabolites were identified. Correlations with their anti-HIV activities in a thymidine kinase deficient (TK-) CEM cell line have been established with a rationale of designing phosphoramidate pronucleotides capable of delivering intracellularly their respective 5'-nucleoside monophosphate derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Egron
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique, UMR CNRS-USTL 5625, Université Montpellier II, France
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Meier C, Aubertin AM, de Monte M, Faraj A, Sommadossi JP, Périgaud C, Imbach JL, Gosselin G. Synthesis and antiviral evaluation of SATE-foscarnet prodrugs and new foscarnet-AZT conjugates. Antivir Chem Chemother 1998; 9:41-52. [PMID: 9875376 DOI: 10.1177/095632029800900105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of a range of di- and triester derivatives of phosphonoformate (PFA; foscarnet) as potential lipophilic, membrane-soluble prodrugs is described. In addition to normal alkyl esters in the carboxylate and phosphonate residues of PFA, the bioreversible S-(pivaloyl)thioethyl (t-butyl-SATE) group was introduced in an attempt to deliver PFA after bioactivation inside the cells. Furthermore, PFA-AZT conjugates were prepared in order to develop combinational drugs. The key synthetic step was in all cases the formation of the P-C bond to build up the different PFA esters. In contrast to the diester derivatives, the triesters of PFA showed high hydrolytic instability during chromatographic purification. The compounds were evaluated in vitro for their ability to inhibit viruses in several tissue culture systems. All PFA alkyl di- and triesters proved poorly active or inactive against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and inactive against hepatitis B virus. In contrast, the PFA-AZT conjugates exhibited significant anti-HIV activity. However, this activity was nearly completely lost in thymidine kinase-deficient cells, suggesting a fast unselective chemical hydrolysis of the conjugates to yield the nucleoside analogue AZT in the cell culture medium. Furthermore, no synergistic effect of PFA and AZT was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Meier
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Germany.
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Schlienger N, Périgaud C, Gosselin G, Imbach JL. The Pronucleotide Approach. II: Synthesis and Preliminary Stability Studies of Mononucleoside Glycosyl Phosphotriester Derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1080/07328319708006181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Schlienger N, Périgaud C, Gosselin G, Lefebvre I, Pompon A, Aubertin AM, Kirn A, Imbach JL. The Pronucleotide Approach. I. Synthesis, Anti-HIV Activity and Preliminary Stability Studies of MononucleosideS,S′-Bis(O-acyl-2-oxyethyl) Phosphorodithiolates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1080/07328319708006180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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46
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Valette G, Pompon A, Girardet JL, Cappellacci L, Franchetti P, Grifantini M, La Colla P, Loi AG, Périgaud C, Gosselin G, Imbach JL. Decomposition pathways and in vitro HIV inhibitory effects of isoddA pronucleotides: toward a rational approach for intracellular delivery of nucleoside 5'-monophosphates. J Med Chem 1996; 39:1981-90. [PMID: 8642557 DOI: 10.1021/jm9507338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The decomposition pathways and kinetics in various biological media and the in vitro anti-HIV-1 and anti-HIV-2 activities of four derivatives of the 5'-mononucleotide of isoddA incorporating carboxylate esterase-labile transient phosphate protecting groups are reported and compared: namely, two mononucleoside aryl phosphoramidate derivatives 1a,b and two mononucleoside phosphotriester derivatives incorporating two S-acyl-2-thioethyl groups 2a,b. All four compounds show better antiviral activity, compared to the parent nucleoside analog isoddA. The results highlight that both types of compounds act as pronucleotides, i.e. they exert their antiviral effect via intracellular delivery of the 5'-mononucleotide of isoddA. The results may give insights for the design of new more efficient pronucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Valette
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique, URA CNRS 488, Université Montpellier II, France
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Gosselin G, Girardet JL, Périgaud C, Benzaria S, Lefebvre I, Schlienger N, Pompon A, Imbach JL. New insights regarding the potential of the pronucleotide approach in antiviral chemotherapy. Acta Biochim Pol 1996. [DOI: 10.18388/abp.1996_4553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The rationale for a pronucleotide approach based on the use of phosphotriesters which incorporate enzyme-mediated bio-labile protection is discussed in detail. Among the studied bio-labile phosphate protecting groups, the S-acyl-2-thioethyl (SATE) groups appeared the most promising as exemplified in cell culture systems in the case of the pronucleotides of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine, 2',3'-didehydro-3'-deoxythymidine, 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine and acyclovir In vivo implementations of such bis(SATE) pronucleotides have been planned for future animal studies.
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Thumann-Schweitzer C, Gosselin G, Périgaud C, Benzaria S, Girardet JL, Lefebvre I, Imbach JL, Kirn A, Aubertin AM. Anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 activities of dideoxynucleoside phosphotriester derivatives in primary monocytes/macrophages. Res Virol 1996; 147:155-63. [PMID: 8901435 DOI: 10.1016/0923-2516(96)80230-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Mononucleoside phosphotriester derivatives of dideoxynucleosides, following intracellular enzymatic activation, are likely to liberate their parent 5'-nucleoside monophosphate. Prodrugs of 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (AZT), 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'- dideoxythymidine (d4T), 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (ddl) and 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine (ddA) were evaluated for their anti-HIV1 activities in monocyte-derived macrophages, cells which are known to have low levels of nucleoside kinases. Prodrugs were found to be much more active, or just as active, as the corresponding dideoxynucleoside. Furthermore, their selectivity index was enhanced by a factor of 2 to 200.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Thumann-Schweitzer
- Institut de Virologie de la Faculté de Médecine de Strasbourg, Unité INSERM 74, France
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Lefebvre I, Périgaud C, Pompon A, Aubertin AM, Girardet JL, Kirn A, Gosselin G, Imbach JL. Mononucleoside phosphotriester derivatives with S-acyl-2-thioethyl bioreversible phosphate-protecting groups: intracellular delivery of 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate. J Med Chem 1995; 38:3941-50. [PMID: 7562927 DOI: 10.1021/jm00020a007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis, in vitro anti-HIV-1 activity, and decomposition pathways of several mononucleoside phosphotriester derivatives of 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (AZT) incorporating a new kind of carboxylate esterase-labile transient phosphate-protecting group, namely, S-acyl-2-thioethyl, are reported. All the described compounds showed marked antiviral activity in thymidine kinase-deficient CEM cells in which AZT was virtually inactive. The results strongly support the hypothesis that such pronucleotides exert their biological effects via intracellular delivery of the 5'-mononucleotide of AZT. This point was corroborated by decomposition studies in cell extracts and culture medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Lefebvre
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique, URA CNRS 488, Université Montpellier II, France
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50
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Girardet JL, Gosselin G, Périgaud C, Balzarini J, De Clercq E, Imbach JL. Synthesis and Antitumor Properties of Some Neutral Triesters of 5-Fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-monophosphate and 3',5'-Cyclic Monophosphate. Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids 1995. [DOI: 10.1080/15257779508012442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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