1
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Gilissen PJ, Duez Q, Tripodi GL, Dekker MMJ, Ouyang J, Dhbaibi K, Vanthuyne N, Crassous J, Roithová J, Elemans JAAW, Nolte RJM. Kinetic enantio-recognition of chiral viologen guests by planar-chiral porphyrin cages. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13974-13977. [PMID: 37942536 PMCID: PMC10667586 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04934e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The kinetic enantio-recognition of chiral viologen guests by planar-chiral porphyrin cage compounds, measured in terms of ΔΔG‡on, is determined by the planar-chirality of the host and influenced by the size, as measured by ion mobility-mass spectrometry, but not the chirality of its substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter J Gilissen
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Quentin Duez
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Guilherme L Tripodi
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Magda M J Dekker
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jiangkun Ouyang
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Kais Dhbaibi
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13397, Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Jeanne Crassous
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Jana Roithová
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Johannes A A W Elemans
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Roeland J M Nolte
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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2
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Chen X, Duez Q, Tripodi GL, Gilissen PJ, Piperoudis D, Tinnemans P, Elemans JAAW, Roithová J, Nolte RJ. Mechanistic studies on the epoxidation of alkenes by macrocyclic manganese porphyrin catalysts. European J Org Chem 2022; 2022:e202200280. [PMID: 36249861 PMCID: PMC9541230 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Chen
- Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen Institute for Molecules and Materials: Radboud Universiteit Institute for Molecules and Materials Molecular Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Quentin Duez
- Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen Institute for Molecules and Materials: Radboud Universiteit Institute for Molecules and Materials Molecular Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Guilherme L. Tripodi
- Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen Institute for Molecules and Materials: Radboud Universiteit Institute for Molecules and Materials Molecular Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Pieter J. Gilissen
- Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen Institute for Molecules and Materials: Radboud Universiteit Institute for Molecules and Materials Molecular Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Dimitrios Piperoudis
- Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen Institute for Molecules and Materials: Radboud Universiteit Institute for Molecules and Materials Molecular Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Paul Tinnemans
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials: Radboud Universiteit Institute for Molecules and Materials Molecular Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Johannes A. A. W. Elemans
- Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen Institute for Molecules and Materials: Radboud Universiteit Institute for Molecules and Materials Molecular Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Jana Roithová
- Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen Institute for Molecules and Materials: Radboud Universiteit Institute for Molecules and Materials Spectroscopy and Catalysis NETHERLANDS
| | - Roeland J.M. Nolte
- Radboud University Nijmegen: Radboud Universiteit Institute for Molecules and Materials Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ AJ Nijmegen NETHERLANDS
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3
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Swartjes A, White PB, Bruekers JPJ, Elemans JAAW, Nolte RJM. Paramagnetic relaxation enhancement NMR as a tool to probe guest binding and exchange in metallohosts. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1846. [PMID: 35388004 PMCID: PMC8986849 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29406-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Paramagnetic metallohost systems can bind guest molecules and find application as biomimetic catalysts. Due to the presence of the paramagnetic metal center, rigorous characterization of these systems by NMR spectroscopy can be very difficult. We report here that metallohost-guest systems can be studied by using the paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) effect. Manganese(III) porphyrin cage compounds are shown through their PRE to thread and bind viologen guests, including a polymeric one. The binding constants and dethreading activation parameters are lower than those of the metal-free porphyrin cage compounds, which is proposed to be a result of charge repulsion of the trivalent metal center and dicationic viologen guest. The threading rate of the manganese(III) porphyrin cage onto the polymer is more than 10 times faster than that of the non-metallated one, which is ascribed to initial binding of the cage to the polymer chain prior to threading, and to an entron effect. Paramagnetic metallohost systems are difficult to characterize. Here the authors report that the paramagnetic relaxation enhancement effect can be used to prove by nuclear magnetic resonance experiments that Mn(III) porphyrin cage compounds can bind and thread low molecular weight and polymeric guests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Swartjes
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul B White
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jeroen P J Bruekers
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A A W Elemans
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Roeland J M Nolte
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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4
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Bruekers JP, Bakker R, White PB, Tinnemans P, Elemans JA, Nolte RJ. Stabilization of thermally unstable photoisomers of pyridinium-functionalized hemithioindigo switches by host-guest complexation. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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5
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Bruekers JPJ, Hellinghuizen MA, Vanthuyne N, Tinnemans P, Gilissen PJ, Buma WJ, Naubron J, Crassous J, Elemans JAAW, Nolte RJM. Allosteric Guest Binding in Chiral Zirconium(IV) Double Decker Porphyrin Cages. European J Org Chem 2021; 2021:607-617. [PMID: 33679232 PMCID: PMC7898692 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chiral zirconium(IV) double cage sandwich complex Zr(1)2 has been synthesized in one step from porphyrin cage H21. Zr(1)2 was obtained as a racemate, which was resolved by HPLC and the enantiomers were isolated in >99.5 % ee. Their absolute configurations were assigned on the basis of X-ray crystallography and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) experiments on the enantiomers of Zr(1)2 revealed that the chirality around the zirconium center is propagated throughout the whole cage structure. The axial conformational chirality of the double cage complex displayed a VCD fingerprint similar to the one observed previously for a related chiral cage compound with planar and point chirality. Zr(1)2 shows fluorescence, which is quenched when viologen guests bind in its cavities. The binding of viologen and dihydroxybenzene derivatives in the two cavities of Zr(1)2 occurs with negative allostery, the cooperativity factors α (=4 K2/K1) being as low as 0.0076 for the binding of N,N'-dimethylviologen. These allosteric effects are attributed to a pinching of the second cavity as a result of guest binding in the first cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen P. J. Bruekers
- Radboud UniversityInstitute for Molecules and MaterialsHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Matthijs A. Hellinghuizen
- Radboud UniversityInstitute for Molecules and MaterialsHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Paul Tinnemans
- Radboud UniversityInstitute for Molecules and MaterialsHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Pieter J. Gilissen
- Radboud UniversityInstitute for Molecules and MaterialsHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Wybren Jan Buma
- University of AmsterdamVan ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesScience Park 9041098XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Radboud UniversityInstitute for Molecules and MaterialsFELIX LaboratoryToernooiveld 7c6525EDNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Jeanne Crassous
- Univ RennesCNRSInstitut des Sciences Chimiques de RennesISCR-UMR 622635000RennesFrance
| | - Johannes A. A. W. Elemans
- Radboud UniversityInstitute for Molecules and MaterialsHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Roeland J. M. Nolte
- Radboud UniversityInstitute for Molecules and MaterialsHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
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6
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Swartjes A, White PB, Lammertink M, Elemans JAAW, Nolte RJM. Host-Guest Exchange of Viologen Guests in Porphyrin Cage Compounds as Studied by Selective Exchange Spectroscopy (1D EXSY) NMR. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:1254-1262. [PMID: 33016567 PMCID: PMC7839762 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dynamics in complexes of porphyrin cage compounds and viologen-derived guest molecules are investigated by selective exchange NMR spectroscopy (1D EXSY). Exchange rates were found to be independent of excess guest concentration, revealing a dissociative exchange mechanism, which is accompanied by negative activation entropies, indicating significant reorganization of the host-guest complex during dissociation. Nonsymmetric viologen guests with bulky head groups had more unidirectional binding and slower exchange rates than guests with less-bulky head groups. Thermodynamic and kinetic studies revealed that the exchange process is primarily driven by the thermodynamics of binding and that guest binding can be influenced by introducing steric and electronic groups on the host . Exchange studies with guests bearing a polymer chain revealed that both slippage and full dissociation takes place and the rate constants for both processes were determined. The slippage rate constant revealed that for smaller guests exchange takes place nearly exclusively under thermodynamic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Swartjes
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525, AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul B White
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525, AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marijn Lammertink
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525, AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A A W Elemans
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525, AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roeland J M Nolte
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525, AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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7
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Gilissen PJ, Slootbeek AD, Ouyang J, Vanthuyne N, Bakker R, Elemans JAAW, Nolte RJM. Enantioselective synthesis of chiral porphyrin macrocyclic hosts and kinetic enantiorecognition of viologen guests. Chem Sci 2021; 12:1661-1667. [PMID: 34163926 PMCID: PMC8179042 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05233g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The construction of macromolecular hosts that are able to thread chiral guests in a stereoselective fashion is a big challenge. We herein describe the asymmetric synthesis of two enantiomeric C 2-symmetric porphyrin macrocyclic hosts that thread and bind different viologen guests. Time-resolved fluorescence studies show that these hosts display a factor 3 kinetic preference (ΔΔG ‡ on = 3 kJ mol-1) for threading onto the different enantiomers of a viologen guest appended with bulky chiral 1-phenylethoxy termini. A smaller kinetic selectivity (ΔΔG ‡ on = 1 kJ mol-1) is observed for viologens equipped with small chiral sec-butoxy termini. Kinetic selectivity is absent when the C 2-symmetric hosts are threaded onto chiral viologens appended with chiral tails in which the chiral moieties are located in the centers of the chains, rather than at the chain termini. The reason is that the termini of the latter guests, which engage in the initial stages of the threading process (entron effect), cannot discriminate because they are achiral, in contrast to the chiral termini of the former guests. Finally, our experiments show that the threading and de-threading rates are balanced in such a way that the observed binding constants are highly similar for all the investigated host-guest complexes, i.e. there is no thermodynamic selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter J Gilissen
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Annemiek D Slootbeek
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Jiangkun Ouyang
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | | | - Rob Bakker
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A A W Elemans
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Roeland J M Nolte
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
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8
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Trouvé J, Gramage-Doria R. Beyond hydrogen bonding: recent trends of outer sphere interactions in transition metal catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:3565-3584. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01339k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The implementation of interactions beyond hydrogen bonding in the 2nd coordination sphere of transition metal catalysts is rare. However, it has already shown great promise in last 5 years, providing new tools to control the activity and selectivity as here reviewed.
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9
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Swartjes A, White PB, Lammertink M, Elemans JAAW, Nolte RJM. Host–Guest Exchange of Viologen Guests in Porphyrin Cage Compounds as Studied by Selective Exchange Spectroscopy (1D EXSY) NMR. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Swartjes
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Paul B. White
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Marijn Lammertink
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A. A. W. Elemans
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Roeland J. M. Nolte
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
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10
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Gilissen PJ, White PB, Berrocal JA, Vanthuyne N, Rutjes FPJT, Feringa BL, Elemans JAAW, Nolte RJM. Molecular motor-functionalized porphyrin macrocycles. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5291. [PMID: 33082343 PMCID: PMC7576194 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19123-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular motors and switches change conformation under the influence of an external stimulus, e.g. light. They can be incorporated into functional systems, allowing the construction of adaptive materials and switchable catalysts. Here, we present two molecular motor-functionalized porphyrin macrocycles for future photo-switchable catalysis. They display helical, planar and point chirality, and are diastereomers, which differ in the relative orientation of the motor and macrocyclic components. Fluorescence, UV-vis, and 1H NMR experiments reveal that the motor-functionalized macrocycles can bind and thread different variants of viologen guests, including a one-side blocked polymeric one of 30 repeat units. The latter feature indicates that the motor systems can find the open end of a polymer chain, thread on it, and move along the chain to eventually bind at the viologen trap, opening possibilities for catalytic writing on single polymer chains via chemical routes. Molecular motors and switches change conformation under the influence of an external stimulus and can be incorporated into functional systems, allowing the construction of adaptive materials and switchable catalysts. Here, the authors present two molecular motor-functionalized porphyrin macrocycles for future photo-switchable catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter J Gilissen
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul B White
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - José Augusto Berrocal
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Floris P J T Rutjes
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Johannes A A W Elemans
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Roeland J M Nolte
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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11
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Ouyang J, Swartjes A, Geerts M, Gilissen PJ, Wang D, Teeuwen PCP, Tinnemans P, Vanthuyne N, Chentouf S, Rutjes FPJT, Naubron JV, Crassous J, Elemans JAAW, Nolte RJM. Absolute configuration and host-guest binding of chiral porphyrin-cages by a combined chiroptical and theoretical approach. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4776. [PMID: 32963222 PMCID: PMC7508876 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18596-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyrin cage-compounds are used as biomimetic models and substrate-selective catalysts in supramolecular chemistry. In this work we present the resolution of planar-chiral porphyrin cages and the determination of their absolute configuration by vibrational circular dichroism in combination with density functional theory calculations. The chiral porphyrin-cages form complexes with achiral and chiral viologen-guests and upon binding one of the axial enantiomorphs of the guest is bound selectively, as is indicated by induced-electronic-dichroism-spectra in combination with calculations. This host-guest binding also leads to unusual enhanced vibrational circular dichroism, which is the result of a combination of phenomena, such as rigidification of the host and guest structures, charge transfer, and coupling of specific vibration modes of the host and guest. The results offer insights in how the porphyrin cage-compounds may be used to construct a future molecular Turing machine that can write chiral information onto polymer chains. Vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectroscopy can be useful for determining the absolute configuration of chiral molecules, as long as the signal intensities are high enough. Here, the authors establish the absolute configurations of two large chiral porphyrin cages and, notably, discover that host-guest binding enhances their VCD intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangkun Ouyang
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Swartjes
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Geerts
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J Gilissen
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Danni Wang
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paula C P Teeuwen
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Tinnemans
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Sara Chentouf
- FSCM - Spectropole, FR1739, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, 13397 Cedex 20, Marseille, France
| | - Floris P J T Rutjes
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Valère Naubron
- FSCM - Spectropole, FR1739, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, 13397 Cedex 20, Marseille, France.
| | - Jeanne Crassous
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France.
| | - Johannes A A W Elemans
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Roeland J M Nolte
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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12
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Gilissen PJ, Swartjes A, Spierenburg B, Bruekers JP, Tinnemans P, White PB, Rutjes FP, Nolte RJ, Elemans JA. Rapid and scalable synthesis of chiral porphyrin cage compounds. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Varghese S, Spierenburg B, Bruekers JPJ, Swartjes A, White PB, Elemans JAAW, Nolte RJM. Effect of Chirality on the Binding of Viologen Guests in Porphyrin Macrocycles. European J Org Chem 2019; 2019:3525-3533. [PMID: 31244550 PMCID: PMC6582502 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
As part of a project aimed at the development of chiral processive catalysts that can write information on a polymer chain we describe the synthesis of two optically active porphyrin macrocycles, which are prepared in 3 steps from an achiral precursor compound. Fluorescence and 1H-NMR studies show that one of the macrocycles displays selectivity in the binding of chiral viologen guest molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaji Varghese
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Bram Spierenburg
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Jeroen P. J. Bruekers
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Anne Swartjes
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Paul B. White
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Johannes A. A. W. Elemans
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Roeland J. M. Nolte
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
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14
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Jongkind LJ, Elemans JAAW, Reek JNH. Cofactor Controlled Encapsulation of a Rhodium Hydroformylation Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2696-2699. [PMID: 30624847 PMCID: PMC6563692 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular approaches in transition-metal catalysis, including catalyst encapsulation, have attracted considerable attention. Compared to enzymes, supramolecular catalysts in general are less complex. Enzyme activity is often controlled by the use of smaller cofactor molecules, which is important in order to control reactivity in complex mixtures of molecules. Interested in increasing complexity and allowing control over supramolecular catalyst formation in response to external stimuli, we designed a catalytic system that only forms an efficient supramolecular complex when a small cofactor molecule is added to the solution. This in turn affects both the activity and selectivity when applied in a hydroformylation reaction. This contribution shows that catalyst encapsulation can be controlled by the addition of a cofactor, which affects crucial catalyst properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas J. Jongkind
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired CatalysisVan't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Johannes A. A. W. Elemans
- Radboud UniversityInstitute for Molecules and MaterialsHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Joost N. H. Reek
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired CatalysisVan't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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15
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Jongkind LJ, Elemans JAAW, Reek JNH. Cofactor Controlled Encapsulation of a Rhodium Hydroformylation Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas J. Jongkind
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired CatalysisVan't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A. A. W. Elemans
- Radboud UniversityInstitute for Molecules and Materials Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Joost N. H. Reek
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired CatalysisVan't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
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16
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Elemans JAAW, Nolte RJM. Porphyrin cage compounds based on glycoluril – from enzyme mimics to functional molecular machines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:9590-9605. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04372a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This Feature Article gives an overview of the application of glycoluril-based porphyrin cage compounds in host–guest chemistry, allosterically controlled self-assembly, biomimetic catalysis, and polymer encoding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roeland J. M. Nolte
- Radboud University
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- 6525 AJ Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
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17
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Varghese S, Spierenburg B, Swartjes A, White PB, Tinnemans P, Elemans JAAW, Nolte RJM. Direct Synthesis of Chiral Porphyrin Macrocyclic Receptors via Regioselective Nitration. Org Lett 2018; 20:3719-3722. [PMID: 29894198 PMCID: PMC6038098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nitration of tetraphenylporphyrin cage compound 1, at -40 °C, leads to the regioselective formation of the chiral mononitro compound 2 (75% isolated yield) and, at -30 °C, to the achiral syn-dinitro-derivative 3 and the chiral anti-dinitro derivative 4 in a diastereomeric ratio of 5:2, which were separated by chromatography (46 and 20% yields, respectively). The structures of the compounds were confirmed by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaji Varghese
- Radboud University , Institute for Molecules and Materials , Heyendaalseweg 135 , 6525 AJ , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Bram Spierenburg
- Radboud University , Institute for Molecules and Materials , Heyendaalseweg 135 , 6525 AJ , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Anne Swartjes
- Radboud University , Institute for Molecules and Materials , Heyendaalseweg 135 , 6525 AJ , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Paul B White
- Radboud University , Institute for Molecules and Materials , Heyendaalseweg 135 , 6525 AJ , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Paul Tinnemans
- Radboud University , Institute for Molecules and Materials , Heyendaalseweg 135 , 6525 AJ , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A A W Elemans
- Radboud University , Institute for Molecules and Materials , Heyendaalseweg 135 , 6525 AJ , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Roeland J M Nolte
- Radboud University , Institute for Molecules and Materials , Heyendaalseweg 135 , 6525 AJ , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
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18
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Kikot' LS, Kulygina CY, Lyapunov AY, Shishkina SV, Zubatyuk RI, Bogaschenko TY, Kirichenko TI. Complexation of molecular clips containing fragments of diphenylglycoluril and benzocrown ethers with paraquat and its derivatives. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:2056-2067. [PMID: 29062427 PMCID: PMC5647707 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexation of molecular clips containing fragments of diphenylglycoluril and benzocrown ethers with paraquat and its derivatives has been studied both in solution and in the solid state. In this paper we studied the influence of the crown ether ring size and the nature of the substituents at the nitrogen atoms of the paraquat derivatives on the composition and stability of these complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid S Kikot'
- Department of Fine Organic Synthesis, A.V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lustdorfskaya doroga 86, Odesa 65080, Ukraine
| | - Catherine Yu Kulygina
- Department of Fine Organic Synthesis, A.V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lustdorfskaya doroga 86, Odesa 65080, Ukraine
| | - Alexander Yu Lyapunov
- Department of Fine Organic Synthesis, A.V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lustdorfskaya doroga 86, Odesa 65080, Ukraine
| | - Svetlana V Shishkina
- Department of X-ray Diffraction Studies and Quantum Chemistry, SSI ‘‘Institute for Single Crystals’’, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Nauky Ave. 60, Kharkiv 61001, Ukraine
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 4 Svobody Sq., 61122, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Roman I Zubatyuk
- Department of X-ray Diffraction Studies and Quantum Chemistry, SSI ‘‘Institute for Single Crystals’’, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Nauky Ave. 60, Kharkiv 61001, Ukraine
| | - Tatiana Yu Bogaschenko
- Department of Fine Organic Synthesis, A.V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lustdorfskaya doroga 86, Odesa 65080, Ukraine
| | - Tatiana I Kirichenko
- Department of Fine Organic Synthesis, A.V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lustdorfskaya doroga 86, Odesa 65080, Ukraine
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19
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Striepe L, Baumgartner T. Viologens and Their Application as Functional Materials. Chemistry 2017; 23:16924-16940. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Striepe
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Solar Materials; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Thomas Baumgartner
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Solar Materials; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada
- Current address: Department of Chemistry; York University; 4700 Keele St Toronto ON M3J 1P3 Canada
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20
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van den Boomen OI, Coumans RG, Akeroyd N, Peters TP, Schlebos PP, Smits J, de Gelder R, Elemans JA, Nolte RJ, Rowan AE. Carbenoid transfer reactions catalyzed by a ruthenium porphyrin macrocycle. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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21
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Hidalgo Ramos P, Saisaha P, Elemans JAAW, Rowan AE, Nolte RJM. Conformational Analysis and Binding Properties of a Cavity Containing Porphyrin Catalyst Provided with Urea Functions. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Hidalgo Ramos
- Radboud University; Institute for Molecules and Materials; Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Pattama Saisaha
- Radboud University; Institute for Molecules and Materials; Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A. A. W. Elemans
- Radboud University; Institute for Molecules and Materials; Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Alan E. Rowan
- Radboud University; Institute for Molecules and Materials; Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN); Corner College and Cooper Rds. (Bldg. 75); The University of Queensland; 4072 Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Roeland J. M. Nolte
- Radboud University; Institute for Molecules and Materials; Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
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22
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Thomassen PJ, Varghese S, Bijsterveld EJA, Thordarson P, Elemans JAAW, Rowan AE, Nolte RJM. A Double-Cavity-Containing Porphyrin Host as a Highly Stable Epoxidation Catalyst. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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23
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Cantekin S, Markvoort AJ, Elemans JAAW, Rowan AE, Nolte RJM. Allosterically Controlled Threading of Polymers through Macrocyclic Dimers. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:3915-23. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seda Cantekin
- †Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J Markvoort
- ‡Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Computational Biology Group, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A A W Elemans
- †Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alan E Rowan
- †Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roeland J M Nolte
- †Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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24
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Al-Azemi TF, Vinodh M. Effect of the resorcin[4]arene host on the catalytic epoxidation of a Mn( iii)-based resorcin[4]arene–metalloporphyrin conjugate. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra13767e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The single-crystal X-ray diffraction data, binding behavior, and epoxidation reactions of the cavitand resorcin[4]arene–porphyrin conjugate are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mickey Vinodh
- Department of Chemistry
- Kuwait University
- Safat 13060
- Kuwait
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25
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Rebilly JN, Colasson B, Bistri O, Over D, Reinaud O. Biomimetic cavity-based metal complexes. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:467-89. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00211c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The biomimetic association of a metal ion with a cavity allows selective recognition, unusual redox properties and new reactivity patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Noël Rebilly
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques
- UMR CNRS 8601
- Université Paris Descartes
- Sorbonne Paris Cité
- 75006 Paris
| | - Benoit Colasson
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques
- UMR CNRS 8601
- Université Paris Descartes
- Sorbonne Paris Cité
- 75006 Paris
| | - Olivia Bistri
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques
- UMR CNRS 8601
- Université Paris Descartes
- Sorbonne Paris Cité
- 75006 Paris
| | - Diana Over
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques
- UMR CNRS 8601
- Université Paris Descartes
- Sorbonne Paris Cité
- 75006 Paris
| | - Olivia Reinaud
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques
- UMR CNRS 8601
- Université Paris Descartes
- Sorbonne Paris Cité
- 75006 Paris
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26
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Deutman ABC, Varghese S, Moalin M, Elemans JAAW, Rowan AE, Nolte RJM. Slippage of a porphyrin macrocycle over threads of varying bulkiness: implications for the mechanism of threading polymers through a macrocyclic ring. Chemistry 2014; 21:360-70. [PMID: 25345395 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Threading of a polymer through a macrocyclic ring may occur directly, that is, by finding the end of the polymer chain, or by a process in which the polymer chain first folds and then threads through the macrocyclic ring in a hairpin-like conformation. We present kinetic and thermodynamic studies on the threading of a macrocyclic porphyrin receptor (H2 1) onto molecular threads that are blocked on one side and are open on the other side. The open side is modified by groups that vary in ease of folding and in bulkiness. Additionally, the threads contain a viologen binding site for the macrocyclic receptor, which is located close to the blocking group. The rates of threading of H2 1 were measured under various conditions, by recording as a function of time the quenching of the fluorescence of the porphyrin, which occurs when receptor H2 1 reaches the viologen binding site. The kinetic data suggest that threading is impossible if the receptor encounters an open side that is sterically encumbered in a similar way as a folded polymer chain. This indicates that threading of polymers through macrocyclic compounds through a folded chain mechanism is unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B C Deutman
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen (The Netherlands), Fax: (+31) 24-3652929
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27
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Deutman ABC, Smits JMM, de Gelder R, Elemans JAAW, Nolte RJM, Rowan AE. Strong Induced-Fit Binding of Viologen and Pyridine Derivatives in Adjustable Porphyrin Cavities. Chemistry 2014; 20:11574-83. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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28
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Deutman ABC, Woltinge T, Smits JMM, De Gelder R, Elemans JAAW, Nolte RJM, Rowan AE. Thermodynamics and kinetics of guest-induced switching between "basket handle" porphyrin isomers. Molecules 2014; 19:5278-300. [PMID: 24762966 PMCID: PMC6271905 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19045278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and switching properties of two “basket handle” porphyrin isomers is described. The cis-oriented meso-phenyl groups of these porphyrins are linked at their ortho-positons via benzocrown-ether-based spacers, which as a result of slow atropisomerization are located either on the same side of the porphyrin plane (cis), or on opposite sides (trans). In solution, the cis-linked isomer slowly isomerizes in the direction of the thermodynamically more stable trans-isomer. In the presence of viologen (N,N'-dialkyl-4,4'-bipyridinium) derivatives, which have different affinities for the two isomers, the isomerization equilibrium could be significantly influenced. In addition, the presence of these guests was found to enhance the rate of the switching process, which was suggested to be caused by favorable interactions between the positively charged guest and the crown ethers of the receptor, stabilizing the transition state energies of the isomerization reaction between the two isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B C Deutman
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Woltinge
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Jan M M Smits
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - René De Gelder
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A A W Elemans
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Roeland J M Nolte
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands.
| | - Alan E Rowan
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
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29
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Coumans RGE, Elemans JAAW, Rowan AE, Nolte RJM. Interlocked Porphyrin Switches. Chemistry 2013; 19:7758-70. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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30
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Gramage-Doria R, Armspach D, Matt D. Metallated cavitands (calixarenes, resorcinarenes, cyclodextrins) with internal coordination sites. Coord Chem Rev 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Yasuda M, Baba A. Fine Tuning of Lewis Acidity by Cage-Shaped Ligand Structure toward Catalytic Reactions. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2013. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.71.1294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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32
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Bogaschenko TY, Lyapunov AY, Kikot' LS, Mazepa AV, Botoshansky MM, Fonari MS, Kirichenko TI. Synthesis, crystal structure, and alkali metal picrate extraction capabilities of molecular clips based on diphenylglycoluril and benzocrown ethers. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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33
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Nakajima H, Yasuda M, Takeda R, Baba A. Recognition of Aromatic Compounds by π Pocket within a Cage-Shaped Borate Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:3867-70. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201200346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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34
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Nakajima H, Yasuda M, Takeda R, Baba A. Recognition of Aromatic Compounds by π Pocket within a Cage-Shaped Borate Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201200346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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35
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Zhou Z, Cao C, Liu Q, Jiang R. Hybrid Orbital Deformation (HOD) Effect and Spectral Red-Shift Property of Nonplanar porphyrin. Org Lett 2010; 12:1780-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol100434w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zaichun Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry and Molecular Simulation of Ministry of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, China, and Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of QSAR/QSPR, China
| | - Chenzhong Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry and Molecular Simulation of Ministry of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, China, and Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of QSAR/QSPR, China
| | - Qiuhua Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry and Molecular Simulation of Ministry of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, China, and Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of QSAR/QSPR, China
| | - Rongqing Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry and Molecular Simulation of Ministry of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, China, and Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of QSAR/QSPR, China
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36
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McKay MG, Cwele T, Friedrich HB, Maguire GEM. Microwave-assisted synthesis of a new series of resorcin[4]arene cavitand-capped porphyrin capsules. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:3958-68. [PMID: 19763298 DOI: 10.1039/b907547j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Capsule-shaped molecular receptors are fundamental to the modeling of biological host-guest interactions such as those characteristic of enzymatic processes. Among the more versatile and effective synthetic receptors are the hemicarcerand-type hosts. Herein we report the synthesis of six novel resorcin[4]arene cavitand-capped porphyrin capsules, in a new series of molecular capsules modeled on the classical hemicarcerands initially reported by Cram and co-workers. In the first reported instance of its utilisation in the preparation of supramolecularly-capped porphyrin host molecules, microwave (MW) irradiation was used (in conjunction with Adler conditions) in order to form the porphyrin cap in situ. Additionally, the yields obtained via these conditions exhibited a significant improvement, relative to the traditional refluxing protocol hitherto reported. Capsules 20-25 are indefinitely stable, and we observed that 22 and 25 possess the smallest rigidified cavities yet reported for resorcin[4]arene cavitand-capped porphyrin host molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G McKay
- School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
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37
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Beletskaya I, Tyurin VS, Tsivadze AY, Guilard R, Stern C. Supramolecular chemistry of metalloporphyrins. Chem Rev 2009; 109:1659-713. [PMID: 19301872 DOI: 10.1021/cr800247a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 513] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Beletskaya
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leninskiy prosp. 31, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
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38
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Molecular recognition and self-assembly special feature: Squaring cooperative binding circles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:10471-6. [PMID: 19470643 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0810145106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cooperative binding effects of viologens and pyridines to a synthetic bivalent porphyrin receptor are used as a model system to study how the magnitudes of these effects relate to the experimentally obtained values. The full thermodynamic and kinetic circles concerning both activation and inhibition of the cage of the receptor for the binding of viologens were measured and evaluated. The results strongly emphasize the apparent character of measured binding and rate constants, in which the fractional saturation of receptors with other guests is linearly expressed in these constants. The presented method can be used as a simple tool to better analyze and comprehend the experimentally observed kinetics and thermodynamics of natural and artificial cooperative systems.
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Wang S, Hu Y, Gao M, Wang ZH. Dipropyl 4,8-dioxo-1H,5H-2,6-dioxa-3a,4a,7a,8a-tetra-azacyclo-penta-[def]fluorene-8b,8c-dicarboxyl-ate. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2007; 64:o265. [PMID: 21200830 PMCID: PMC2915321 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536807065853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2007] [Accepted: 12/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, C(16)H(22)N(4)O(8), is a glycoluril derivative with two propoxycarbonyl substituents on the convex face of the glycoluril system. The dihedral angle between the five-membered rings in the glycoluril unit is 72.70 (2)°. The oxadiazinane six-membered ring displays a normal chair conformation. One of the propyl groups is disordered over two positions with site occupancies of 0.557 (7) and 0.443 (7). Inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds are effective in the stabilization of the crystal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zi-Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People’s Republic of China
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41
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Nakazawa J, Sakae Y, Aida M, Naruta Y. Kinetic Investigations of the Process of Encapsulation of Small Hydrocarbons into a Cavitand−Porphyrin. J Org Chem 2007; 72:9448-55. [DOI: 10.1021/jo701299v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Nakazawa
- Graduate School of Sciences and Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering (IMCE), Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan, and Graduate School of Science, Center for Quantum Life Sciences (QLiS), and Department of Chemistry, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshitake Sakae
- Graduate School of Sciences and Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering (IMCE), Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan, and Graduate School of Science, Center for Quantum Life Sciences (QLiS), and Department of Chemistry, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Misako Aida
- Graduate School of Sciences and Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering (IMCE), Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan, and Graduate School of Science, Center for Quantum Life Sciences (QLiS), and Department of Chemistry, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Naruta
- Graduate School of Sciences and Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering (IMCE), Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan, and Graduate School of Science, Center for Quantum Life Sciences (QLiS), and Department of Chemistry, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
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Ramos PH, Coumans RGE, Deutman ABC, Smits JMM, de Gelder R, Elemans JAAW, Nolte RJM, Rowan AE. Processive Rotaxane Systems. Studies on the Mechanism and Control of the Threading Process. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:5699-702. [PMID: 17417843 DOI: 10.1021/ja068714i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The threading behavior of a zinc analogue of a previously reported processive manganese porphyrin catalyst onto a series of polymers of different lengths is reported. It is demonstrated that the speed of the threading process is determined by the opening of the cavity of the toroidal porphyrin host, which can be tuned with the help of axial ligands that coordinate to the metal center in the porphyrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Hidalgo Ramos
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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43
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Huang F, Slebodnick C, Switek KA, Gibson HW. Inclusion [2]complexes based on the cryptand/diquat recognition motif. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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44
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Elemans JAAW, Bijsterveld EJA, Rowan AE, Nolte RJM. Manganese Porphyrin Hosts as Epoxidation Catalysts – Activity and Stability Control by Axial Ligand Effects. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200600648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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45
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Hong DJ, Lee E, Lee M. Nanofibers from self-assembly of an aromatic facial amphiphile with oligo(ethylene oxide) dendrons. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:1801-3. [PMID: 17476392 DOI: 10.1039/b617404c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel block facial amphiphiles consisting of a laterally extended aromatic segment and oligo(ethylene oxide) dendrons as a flexible segment were synthesized in a stepwise fashion and their aggregation behavior was investigated in aqueous solution; self-assembly into elongated nanofibers with a uniform diameter of 7 +/- 0.5 nm and lengths up to several hundred nanometers was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Je Hong
- Center for Supramolecular Nano-Assembly and Department of Chemistry Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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46
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Williams AR, Northrop BH, Chang T, Stoddart JF, White AJP, Williams DJ. Suitanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200602173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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47
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Williams AR, Northrop BH, Chang T, Stoddart JF, White AJP, Williams DJ. Suitanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:6665-9. [PMID: 16983714 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200602173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avril R Williams
- California NanoSystems Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, 90095-1569, USA
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Nakazawa J, Hagiwara J, Mizuki M, Shimazaki Y, Tani F, Naruta Y. Size-selective and reversible encapsulation of single small hydrocarbon molecules by a cavitand-porphyrin species. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 44:3744-6. [PMID: 15880696 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200500732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Nakazawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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49
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Nakazawa J, Mizuki M, Hagiwara J, Shimazaki Y, Tani F, Naruta Y. Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Single Small Molecule Encapsulation Properties of Cavitand-Porphyrins. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2006. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.79.1431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Fokkens M, Jasper C, Schrader T, Koziol F, Ochsenfeld C, Polkowska J, Lobert M, Kahlert B, Klärner FG. Selective complexation of N-alkylpyridinium salts: binding of NAD+ in water. Chemistry 2006; 11:477-94. [PMID: 15565576 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200400603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A new class of receptor molecules is presented that is highly selective for N-alkylpyridinium ions and electron-poor aromatics. Its key feature is the combination of a well-preorganized molecular clip with an electron-rich inner cavity and strategically placed, flanking bis-phosphonate monoester anions. This shape and arrangement of binding sites attracts predominantly flat electron-poor aromatics in water, binds them mainly by pi-cation, pi-pi, CH-pi, and hydrophobic interactions, and leads to their highly efficient desolvation. NAD(+) and NADP, the important cofactors of many redox enzymes, are recognized by the new receptor molecule, which embraces the catalytically active nicotinamide site and the adenine unit. Even nucleosides such as adenosine are likewise drawn into the clip's cavity. Complex formation and structures were examined by one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, Job plot analyses, and isothermal titration microcalorimetric (ITC) measurements, as well as quantum chemical calculations of (1)H NMR shifts. The new receptor molecule is a promising tool for controlling enzymatic oxidation processes and for DNA chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fokkens
- Fachbereich Chemie der Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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