1
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Hyun YE, Jarhad DB, Kim M, Yang A, Kim G, Kim HR, Jeong LS. Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure Pyrimidine Ribonucleosides Locked in the South Conformation. Org Lett 2022; 24:9281-9284. [PMID: 36512445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The conformation of the central five-membered ring of a nucleoside plays an important role in enzyme recognition. Bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane, also known as the methanocarba (MC), serves as a template that can mimic the locked forms of the two distinctive conformations, namely, the north and south conformations. While modified nucleosides locked in the north conformation have been actively investigated, the south counterpart remains largely unexplored because it is difficult to synthesize. Herein, we report a concise synthetic route that can provide the key amino sugar intermediate essential for the synthesis of (S)-MC ribonucleosides in a 100% stereoselective manner. Also, through the proposed synthetic approach, we report the first synthesis of enantiomerically pure (S)-MC cytidine 1. We believe our findings would greatly contribute to the field of nucleoside chemistry and provide opportunities for novel nucleoside discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Eum Hyun
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Dnyandev B Jarhad
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Minjae Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ayeon Yang
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Gyudong Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.,College of Pharmacy & Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Hong-Rae Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02708, Korea
| | - Lak Shin Jeong
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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2
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Jacobson KA, Salmaso V, Suresh RR, Tosh DK. Expanding the repertoire of methanocarba nucleosides from purinergic signaling to diverse targets. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:1808-1825. [PMID: 34825182 PMCID: PMC8597424 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00167a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleoside derivatives are well represented as pharmaceuticals due to their druglike physicochemical properties, and some nucleoside drugs are designed to act on receptors. The purinergic signaling pathways for extracellular nucleosides and nucleotides, consisting of adenosine receptors, P2Y/P2X receptors for nucleotides, and enzymes such as adenosine (ribo)kinase, have been extensively studied. A general modification, i.e. a constrained, bicyclic ring system (bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane, also called methanocarba) substituted in place of a furanose ring, can increase nucleoside/nucleotide potency and/or selectivity at purinergic and antiviral targets and in interactions at diverse and unconventional targets. Compared to other common drug discovery scaffolds containing planar rings, methanocarba nucleosides display greater sp3 character (i.e. more favorable as drug-like molecules) and can manifest as sterically-constrained North (N) or South (S) conformations. Initially weak, off-target interactions of (N)-methanocarba adenosine derivatives were detected as leads that were structurally optimized to enhance activity and selectivity toward target proteins that normally do not recognize nucleosides. By this approach, novel modulators for 5HT2 serotonin and κ-opioid receptors, dopamine (DAT) and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters were found, and previously undetected antiviral activities were revealed. Thus, through methanocarba nucleoside synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and multi-target pharmacology, a robust purinergic receptor scaffold has been repurposed to satisfy the pharmacophoric requirements of various GPCRs, enzymes and transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD 20892-0810 USA +301 480 8422 +301 496 9024
| | - Veronica Salmaso
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD 20892-0810 USA +301 480 8422 +301 496 9024
| | - R Rama Suresh
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD 20892-0810 USA +301 480 8422 +301 496 9024
| | - Dilip K Tosh
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD 20892-0810 USA +301 480 8422 +301 496 9024
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3
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Ide K, Furuta M, Tokuyama H. Photoredox-catalyzed intramolecular cyclopropanation of alkenes with α-bromo-β-keto esters. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:9172-9176. [PMID: 34664610 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01733k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A mild photoredox-catalyzed intramolecular cyclopropanation of alkenes with α-bromo-β-keto esters in an aqueous medium was developed. The sequential reaction process comprising the intramolecular radical addition of α-bromo-β-keto esters to olefins under photoredox catalysis, and subsequent cyclization to form cyclopropane proceeds in one-pot under exceptionally mild conditions at room temperature in the presence of 2,6-lutidine. A broad range of substrates consisting of various alkenes and both base- and acid-sensitive functionalized esters were feasible under the reaction conditions, resulting in a wide range of functionalized bicyclic cyclopropanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohta Ide
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Miyu Furuta
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Hidetoshi Tokuyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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4
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Hyun YE, Kim HR, Jeong LS. Stereoselective Synthesis of ( S)- and ( N)-Cyclopropyl-Fused Carbocyclic Nucleosides Using Stereoselective Cyclopropanation. J Org Chem 2021; 86:9828-9837. [PMID: 34184528 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To determine which sugar conformation is favorable in binding to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, the conformationally locked south (S) and north (N) analogues were asymmetrically synthesized using a bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane template. The (S)-conformer was synthesized by employing "reagent-controlled" Charette asymmetric cyclopropanation in a 100% stereoselective manner, whereas the (N)-conformer was stereoselectively synthesized by using "substrate-controlled" hydroxyl-directed Simmons-Smith cyclopropanation as a key step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Eum Hyun
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hong-Rae Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Lak Shin Jeong
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Liu C, Chen Q, Schneller SW. Both enantiomers of 6'-Isoneplanocin. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 36:631-636. [PMID: 29185898 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2017.1370099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Both enantiomers of the isomer of neplanocin where the C-4' hydroxymethyl has been displaced to the 6'-position (that is, 6'-isoneplanocin) have been prepared in 5 steps from known, protected iodocyclopentenones. Both products were evaluated against a number of DNA and RNA viruses and found to be inactive. This observation is suggested to be due to the displacement of the C-4' hydroxymethyl of neplanocin (in the D-like form) away from the lysine425 of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, which is important for inhibition by neplanocin and, in turn, its antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Liu
- a Molette Laboratory for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Auburn University , Auburn , Al
| | - Qi Chen
- b Department of Chemistry , Slippery Rock University , Slippery Rock , PA
| | - Stewart W Schneller
- a Molette Laboratory for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Auburn University , Auburn , Al
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Chen M, Hartwig JF. Iridium-catalyzed regio- and enantioselective allylic substitution of silyl dienolates derived from dioxinones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:12172-6. [PMID: 25223593 PMCID: PMC4214550 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Reported herein is the iridium-catalyzed regio- and enantioselective allylic substitution reactions of unstabilized silyl dienolates derived from dioxinones. Asymmetric allylic substitution of a variety of allylic trichloroethyl carbonates with these silyl dienolates gave γ-allylated products selectively in 60-84% yield and 90-98% ee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Departments of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - John F. Hartwig
- Departments of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
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7
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Kim SJ, Woo Y, Park AY, Kim HR, Son S, Yun HY, Chun P, Moon HR. Highly Efficient Synthesis of Conformationally Fixed Bicyclo[3.1.0]hexyl Nucleosides with an Ethenyl Group at C3'-Position as Potential Antiviral Agents. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.9.2649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Chen M, Hartwig JF. Iridium-Catalyzed Regio- and Enantioselective Allylic Substitution of Silyl Dienolates Derived from Dioxinones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201406778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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9
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Tosh DK, Jacobson KA. Methanocarba ring as a ribose modification in ligands of G protein-coupled purine and pyrimidine receptors: synthetic approaches. MEDCHEMCOMM 2013; 2013:619-630. [PMID: 26161251 PMCID: PMC4493925 DOI: 10.1039/c2md20348k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine receptors (ARs) and P2Y receptors for purine and pyrimidine nucleotides have widespread distribution and regulate countless physiological processes. Various synthetic ligands are in clinical trials for treatment of inflammatory diseases, pain, cancer, thrombosis, ischemia, and other conditions. The methanocarba (bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane) ring system as a rigid substitution for ribose, which maintains either a North (N) or South (S) conformation, tends to preserve or enhance the potency and/or selectivity for certain receptor subtypes. This review summarizes recent developments in the synthetic approaches to these biologically important nucleoside and nucleotide analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip K. Tosh
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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10
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Karimiahmadabadi M, Erfan S, Földesi A, Chattopadhyaya J. Steric Effects in the Tuning of the Diastereoselectivity of the Intramolecular Free-Radical Cyclization to an Olefin As Exemplified through the Synthesis of a Carba-Pentofuranose Scaffold. J Org Chem 2012; 77:6855-72. [DOI: 10.1021/jo300936g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mansoureh Karimiahmadabadi
- Program of
Chemical Biology, Department of Cell and
Molecular Biology, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sayeh Erfan
- Program of
Chemical Biology, Department of Cell and
Molecular Biology, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andras Földesi
- Program of
Chemical Biology, Department of Cell and
Molecular Biology, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jyoti Chattopadhyaya
- Program of
Chemical Biology, Department of Cell and
Molecular Biology, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
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11
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Ketkar A, Zafar MK, Banerjee S, Marquez VE, Egli M, Eoff RL. A nucleotide-analogue-induced gain of function corrects the error-prone nature of human DNA polymerase iota. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:10698-705. [PMID: 22632140 DOI: 10.1021/ja304176q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Y-family DNA polymerases participate in replication stress and DNA damage tolerance mechanisms. The properties that allow these enzymes to copy past bulky adducts or distorted template DNA can result in a greater propensity for them to make mistakes. Of the four human Y-family members, human DNA polymerase iota (hpol ι) is the most error-prone. In the current study, we elucidate the molecular basis for improving the fidelity of hpol ι through use of the fixed-conformation nucleotide North-methanocarba-2'-deoxyadenosine triphosphate (N-MC-dATP). Three crystal structures were solved of hpol ι in complex with DNA containing a template 2'-deoxythymidine (dT) paired with an incoming dNTP or modified nucleotide triphosphate. The ternary complex of hpol ι inserting N-MC-dATP opposite dT reveals that the adenine ring is stabilized in the anti orientation about the pseudo-glycosyl torsion angle, which mimics precisely the mutagenic arrangement of dGTP:dT normally preferred by hpol ι. The stabilized anti conformation occurs without notable contacts from the protein but likely results from constraints imposed by the bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane scaffold of the modified nucleotide. Unmodified dATP and South-MC-dATP each adopt syn glycosyl orientations to form Hoogsteen base pairs with dT. The Hoogsteen orientation exhibits weaker base-stacking interactions and is less catalytically favorable than anti N-MC-dATP. Thus, N-MC-dATP corrects the error-prone nature of hpol ι by preventing the Hoogsteen base-pairing mode normally observed for hpol ι-catalyzed insertion of dATP opposite dT. These results provide a previously unrecognized means of altering the efficiency and the fidelity of a human translesion DNA polymerase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Ketkar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205-7199, USA
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12
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Singh R, Vince R. 2-Azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-3-one: Chemical Profile of a Versatile Synthetic Building Block and its Impact on the Development of Therapeutics. Chem Rev 2012; 112:4642-86. [DOI: 10.1021/cr2004822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Singh
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, 516 Delaware Street Southeast,
Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Robert Vince
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, 516 Delaware Street Southeast,
Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
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Hon YS, Luo CZ, Hong BC, Liao JH. Development of the Ireland-Claisen Rearrangement of Allyl-2-alkoxyacetate Bearing an Allylic Amine and the Transformation to 3-Hydroxy-4-hydroxymethylpyrrolidine. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201100630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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14
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Dejmek M, Kovačková S, Zborníková E, Hřebabecký H, Šála M, Dračínský M, Nencka R. One-pot build-up procedure for the synthesis of variously substituted purine derivatives. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra20842c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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15
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Park AY, Kim WH, Kang JA, Lee HJ, Lee CK, Moon HR. Synthesis of enantiomerically pure D- and L-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexenyl carbanucleosides and their antiviral evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:3945-55. [PMID: 21658957 PMCID: PMC7126181 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Based upon the fact that l-nucleosides have been generally known to be less cytotoxic than d-counterparts, l-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexenyl carbanucleoside derivatives with a fixed north conformation were designed and synthesized by employing a novel synthetic strategy starting from (R)-epichlorohydrin in order to search for new anti-HIV agents with high potency and less cytotoxicity. A tandem alkylation, γ-lactonization, a chemoselective reduction of ester in the presence of γ-lactone functional group, a RCM reaction, and a Mitsunobu coupling reaction were used as key reactions. d-Counterpart nucleosides were also prepared according to the same synthetic method. Among the synthesized carbanucleosides, d-thymine nucleoside, d-2 and l-thymine nucleoside, l-2 exhibited excellent anti-HIV-1 and -2 activities, in MT-4 cells, which were higher than those of ddI, an anti-AIDS drug. Whereas d-2 exhibited high cytotoxicity in MT-4 cell lines, l-2 did not show any discernible cytotoxicity in all cell lines tested, reflecting that l-2 may be a good candidate for an anti-AIDS drug. l-2 also showed weak anti-HSV-2 activity without cytotoxicity. However, none of the synthesized nucleosides exhibited antiviral activities against RNA viruses including coxsakie, influenza, corona and polio viruses, maybe due to their 2′,3′-dideoxy structure. Potent antiviral effects of d-2 and l-2 indicate that nucleosides belonging to a class of D4Ns can be an excellent candidate for anti-DNA virus agents. This research strongly supports l-nucleosides of a class of D4Ns to be a very promising candidate for antiviral agents due to its low cytotoxicity and a good antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah-Young Park
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Elhalem E, Pujol CA, Damonte EB, Rodriguez JB. Synthesis and biological evaluation of N-thia-carba-thymidine as an antiherpetic agent. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.02.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Yang Z, Kim KR, Park AY, Lee HR, Kang JA, Kim WH, Chun P, Gong P, Lee B, Jeong LS, Moon HR. Highly Concise Synthesis of 3'-"Up"-ethynyl-5'-methylbicyclo- [3.1.0]hexyl Purine and Pyrimidine Nucleoside Derivatives Using Rhodium(II) Carbenoid Cycloaddition and Highly Diastereoselective Grignard Reaction. CHINESE J CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201090016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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18
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Šála M, Hřebabecký H, Dračínský M, Masojídková M, De Palma AM, Neyts J, Holý A. Norbornane as the novel pseudoglycone moiety in nucleosides. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Michel BY, Strazewski P. Total syntheses of a conformationally locked North-type methanocarba puromycin analogue and a dinucleotide derivative. Chemistry 2009; 15:6244-57. [PMID: 19441002 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200802629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An original synthetic approach for the first synthesis of an enantiopure methanocarba puromycin (3'-alpha-aminoacylamino-3'-deoxyadenosine) analogue and its cytidine dinucleotide derivative is described. Each compound is conformationally locked in a North-type pucker and exhibits both a pseudoaxial hydroxy group and a pseudoequatorial aminoacyl group. The syntheses were accomplished from D-ribose in 18 and 19 steps, respectively, with key steps being a ring-closing metathesis, a Luche reduction, a Simmons-Smith cyclopropanation, a Mitsunobu coupling, a Mattocks bromoacetylation, a regioselective and a stereoselective nucleophilic substitution, a chemoselective phosphoramidite coupling and a Staudinger-Vilarrasa coupling. Both molecules are being tested for peptidyl transfer efficiency in ribosomes for comparison with the peptidyl transfer kinetics of natural puromycin and other natural and synthetic ribosomal A site substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Y Michel
- UMR 5246, CNRS, Laboratoire de Synthèse de Biomolécules, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, Université de Lyon, 69622 Lyon, France
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Poon KWC, Datta A. A rapid synthetic route to conformationally restricted [5,5]-bicyclic nucleoside-amino acid conjugates. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2008; 27:914-30. [PMID: 18696362 DOI: 10.1080/15257770802257820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A concise synthetic route to a novel class of conformationally rigid 3',4'-cis-fused bicyclic nucleoside derivatives has been developed. The synthetic strategy and approach involves initial synthesis of a key [5,5]-bicyclic 6-aminofurofuran-2-one scaffold, employing an L-serine derived aminobutenolide as a strategically functionalized chiral template. Subsequent utilization of the carbonyl functionality of the above bicyclic lactone toward nucleobase incorporation, and linking of the resident amine functionality with appropriately protected amino acids completed the syntheses of the target bicyclic nucleoside-amino acid conjugates. Following the above route, and utilizing a combination of easily available nucleobases (4) and amino acids (4) as the two diversity elements, combinatorial synthesis of a 16-member demonstration library of the title amino acid-linked nucleosides has been accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W C Poon
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-7582, USA
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21
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Synthesis of Methyl-substituted Bicyclic Carbanucleoside Analogs as Potential Antiherpetic Agents. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2008. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2008.29.10.1977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Melman A, Zhong M, Marquez VE, Jacobson KA. Synthesis of enantiomerically pure (S)-methanocarbaribo uracil nucleoside derivatives for use as antiviral agents and P2Y receptor ligands. J Org Chem 2008; 73:8085-8. [PMID: 18811198 DOI: 10.1021/jo801224j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have developed an approach toward enantiomerically pure (S)-methanocarba ribonucleosides based on several functional group transformations on a sensitive bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane system. D-ribose was transformed into methanocarba alcohol 3 followed by conversion of the OH group to a nitrile with inversion of configuration at C4. The nitrile group was subsequently reduced in two stages to the 5'-hydroxymethyl group. An ester group appended to a tertiary carbon (C1) was transformed to an amino group as a nucleobase precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Melman
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, USA
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Moon HR, Park AY, Kim KR, Chun MW, Jeong LS. Asymmetric synthesis and biological activity of L-bicyclocarba-d4T. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2008; 26:1653-7. [PMID: 18066846 DOI: 10.1080/15257770701615599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Novel L-bicyclocarba-d4T (1), an enantiomer of D-N-MCd4T has been enantiopurely synthesized as a potent anti-HIV agent starting from (R)-epichlorohydrin using tandem alkylation, chemoselective reduction of ester in the presence of lactone functional group, Grignard reaction, RCM reaction, and Mitsunobu reaction as key steps. L-N-MCd4T (1) was found to be very potent anti-HIV-1 (EC(50) = 6.76 microg/mL) agent with no cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Ryong Moon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, San 30 Jangjeon-dong, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Korea.
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Sahabuddin S, Roy A, Drew MGB, Roy BG, Achari B, Mandal SB. Sequential Ring-Closing Metathesis and Nitrone Cycloaddition on Glucose-Derived Substrates: A Divergent Approach to Analogues of Spiroannulated Carbanucleosides and Conformationally Locked Nucleosides. J Org Chem 2006; 71:5980-92. [PMID: 16872180 DOI: 10.1021/jo0606554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The carbohydrate-derived substrate 3-C-allyl-1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-allofuranose was judiciously manipulated for preparing suitable synthons, which could be converted to a variety of isoxazolidino-spirocycles and -tricycles through the application of ring-closing metathesis (RCM) and intramolecular nitrone cycloaddition (INC) reactions. Cleavage of the isoxazolidine rings of some of these derivatives by transfer hydrogenolysis followed by coupling of the generated amino functionalities with 5-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine furnished the corresponding chloropyrimidine nucleosides, which were elaborated to spiroannulated carbanucleosides and conformationally locked bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane/oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane nucleosides. However, use of higher temperature for the cyclization of one of the chloropyrimidines led to the dimethylaminopurine analogue as a sole product, formed via nucleophilic displacement of the chloro group by dimethylamine generated from DMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk Sahabuddin
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India
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25
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26
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Coutouli-Argyropoulou E, Lianis P, Mitakou M, Giannoulis A, Nowak J. 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition approach to isoxazole, isoxazoline and isoxazolidine analogues of C-nucleosides related to pseudouridine. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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27
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Park AY, Moon HR, Kim KR, Chun MW, Jeong LS. Synthesis of novel l-N-MCd4T as a potent anti-HIV agent. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:4065-7. [PMID: 17312958 DOI: 10.1039/b612537a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
L-N-MCd4T (1) has been synthesized as a potent anti-HIV agent starting from (R)-epichlorohydrin using tandem alkylation, chemoselective reduction of ester in the presence of lactone functional group, RCM reaction and Mitsunobu reaction as key steps and was found to be a very potent anti-HIV-1 (EC50 = 6.76 microg mL(-1)) agent without cytotoxicity up to 100 microg mL(-1), indicating that the anti-HIV-1 activity found is similar to that of ddI (EC50 = 4.95 microg mL(-1)), which is used clinically for the treatment of AIDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah-Young Park
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
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28
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Procopio A, Alcaro S, De Nino A, Maiuolo L, Ortuso F, Sindona G. New conformationally locked bicyclic N,O-nucleoside analogues of antiviral drugs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:545-50. [PMID: 15664810 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2004] [Revised: 11/17/2004] [Accepted: 11/18/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In order to obtain rigidity within the sugar moiety of nucleosides, the bicyclic pyrimidine derivatives of N,O-isoxazolidines were designed and synthesized by using 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of Delta(1)-pyrrolidine-1-oxide and the appropriate vinyl-nucleobases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Procopio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaco-Biologiche, Università della Magna Graecia, Complesso Niní Barbieri, 88021 Roccelletta di Borgia (Cz), Italy.
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29
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Ohno M, Costanzi S, Kim HS, Kempeneers V, Vastmans K, Herdewijn P, Maddileti S, Gao ZG, Harden TK, Jacobson KA. Nucleotide analogues containing 2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane and l-alpha-threofuranosyl ring systems: interactions with P2Y receptors. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:5619-30. [PMID: 15465340 PMCID: PMC3402881 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2004] [Revised: 07/30/2004] [Accepted: 07/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ribose moiety of adenine nucleotide 3',5'-bisphosphate antagonists of the P2Y(1) receptor has been successfully substituted with a rigid methanocarba ring system, leading to the conclusion that the North (N) ring conformation is preferred in receptor binding. Similarly, at P2Y(2) and P2Y(4) receptors, nucleotides constrained in the (N) conformation interact equipotently with the corresponding ribosides. We now have synthesized and examined as P2Y receptor ligands nucleotide analogues substituted with two novel ring systems: (1) a (N) locked-carbocyclic (cLNA) derivative containing the oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane ring system and (2) l-alpha-threofuranosyl derivatives. We have also compared potencies and preferred conformations of these nucleotides with the known anhydrohexitol-containing P2Y(1) receptor antagonist MRS2283. A cLNA bisphosphate derivative MRS2584 21 displayed a K(i) value of 22.5 nM in binding to the human P2Y(1) receptor, and antagonized the stimulation of PLC by the potent P2Y(1) receptor agonist 2-methylthio-ADP (30 nM) with an IC(50) of 650 nM. The parent cLNA nucleoside bound only weakly to an adenosine receptor (A(3)). Thus, this ring system afforded some P2Y receptor selectivity. A l-alpha-threofuranosyl bisphosphate derivative 9 displayed an IC(50) of 15.3 microM for inhibition of 2-methylthio-ADP-stimulated PLC activity. l-alpha-Threofuranosyl-UTP 13 was a P2Y receptor agonist with a preference for P2Y(2) (EC(50)=9.9 microM) versus P2Y(4) receptors. The P2Y(1) receptor binding modes, including rotational angles, were estimated using molecular modeling and receptor docking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Ohno
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892-0810, USA
| | - Stefano Costanzi
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892-0810, USA
| | - Hak Sung Kim
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892-0810, USA
- College of Pharmacy and Medicinal Resources Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 570-749 Chonbuk, South Korea
| | - Veerle Kempeneers
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karen Vastmans
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piet Herdewijn
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Savitri Maddileti
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892-0810, USA
| | - T. Kendall Harden
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892-0810, USA
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30
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Hong JH. Stereoselective synthesis of novel 4'-branched and bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-templated nucleoside. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2004; 23:625-35. [PMID: 15113028 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-120030720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The racemic and stereoselective synthesis of a novel nucleoside 4'-branched and bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane templated nucleoside 15 was accomplished using a [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement, an intramolecular carbene cycloaddition reaction and a Curtius rearrangement as the key reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Hee Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Kwangju, Republic of Korea.
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31
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The First Synthesis of Dually Modified Southern-Mimicking Nucleoside: 4'-Methyl Branched and Bicyclo [3.1.0] Hexane Locked Nucleoside. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2004. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2004.25.5.668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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32
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Ko H, Kim E, Park JE, Kim D, Kim S. Total Synthesis of Pancratistatin Relying on the [3,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement. J Org Chem 2003; 69:112-21. [PMID: 14703386 DOI: 10.1021/jo035371n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new total synthesis of the antitumor alkaloid, pancratistatin (1), has been accomplished from readily available starting materials. Claisen rearrangement of the racemic dihydropyranethylene 17 was employed to construct the A and C rings with the appropriate stereochemistry. In addition, the Ireland-Claisen rearrangement of the enantiomerically pure 9 followed by ring-closing metathesis provided the important intermediate 24, thus implying that our approach could yield the enantioselective synthesis of (+)-pancratistatin. With the appropriately functionalized cyclohexene 24, stereo- and regiocontrolled functional group interchanges, such as iodolactonization, dihydroxylations, and a cyclic sulfate elimination reaction, facilitated the production of the target natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojin Ko
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 28 Yungun, Jongro, Seoul 110-460, Korea
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33
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Paquette LA, Seekamp CK, Kahane AL. Conformational Restriction of Nucleosides by Spirocyclic Annulation at C4‘ Including Synthesis of the Complementary Dideoxy and Didehydrodideoxy Analogues. J Org Chem 2003; 68:8614-24. [PMID: 14575494 DOI: 10.1021/jo0301954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The concept of spirocyclic restriction, when generically applied to nucleoside mimics, allows for the preparation of diastereomeric pairs carrying either a syn- or anti-oriented hydroxyl at C-5'. Reported herein are convenient synthetic routes to enantiomerically pure 1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonanes featuring fully dihydroxylated end products as well as congeners having dideoxy and didehydrodideoxy substitution patterns. Notable use is made of the capacity for introducing unsaturation in the furanose sector via phenylsulfenylation and the incorporation of uracil and thymine by way of their silylated derivatives under catalysis with stannic chloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo A Paquette
- Evans Chemical Laboratories, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
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34
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Kim HS, Jacobson KA. Synthesis of a novel conformationally locked carbocyclic nucleoside ring system. Org Lett 2003; 5:1665-8. [PMID: 12735747 PMCID: PMC3153471 DOI: 10.1021/ol034326z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A fast and efficient synthetic route to novel Northern locked carbocyclic nucleosides (as precursors of carbocyclic locked nucleic acids or cLNAs) is described. The target nucleoside with a oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane ring system was prepared from a simple starting material, diethyl malonate. Ring closure by intramolecular O-alkylation provided the target ring system as the major isomer over the [3.2.0] oxetane system. The adenine moiety was introduced through a reactive triflate after inversion of the stereochemistry of the corresponding alcohol by oxidation and reduction.
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35
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Rozners E, Liu Y. Toward amide-linked RNA mimics: total synthesis of 3'-C branched uridine azido acid via an ene-iodolactonization approach. Org Lett 2003; 5:181-4. [PMID: 12529135 DOI: 10.1021/ol027229z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A novel synthesis of 3'-C branched uridine azido acid has been accomplished by a sequence of stereoselective ene and iodolactonization reactions. Compared to traditional routes that start from carbohydrates, the present methodology is more flexible and can be further optimized by incorporation of novel future developments of synthetic chemistry. Because the key chemistry does not involve the 3'-C substituent, our route is a general approach to 3'-C alkyl nucleoside analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriks Rozners
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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36
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Comin MJ, Rodriguez JB, Russ P, Marquez VE. Synthesis of conformationally locked carbocyclic nucleosides built on an oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane system. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)01528-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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37
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Bhushan RG, Vince R. Synthesis of conformationally restricted 2',3'-exo-methylene carbocyclic nucleosides built on a bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane template. Bioorg Med Chem 2002; 10:2325-33. [PMID: 11983530 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(02)00063-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2',3'-exo-methylene carbocyclic nucleosides was synthesized as potential antiviral agents. These compounds were built on a bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane template that exhibits a rigid pseudoboat conformation and is capable of maintaining an identical conformation in solid state and in solution. The structures of the synthesized compounds were elucidated by NMR and X-ray crystallography. All the compounds were tested as anti-HIV and anti-HSV agents. The chemically synthesized 5'-triphosphate analogue of 7 was evaluated directly as a reverse transcriptase inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Gupta Bhushan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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38
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Abstract
A new total synthesis of the antitumor alkaloids, pancratistatin (1), has been accomplished from readily available staring materials. The Claisen rearrangement of dihydropyranethylene 5 was employed to construct the A and C rings. Stereo- and regiocontrolled functional group interchange, such as iodolactonization, dihydroxylations, and a cyclic sulfate elimination reaction, allows for the production of the target natural product. [reaction: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghee Kim
- Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, 28 Yungun, Jongro, Seoul 110-460, Korea
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39
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Choi Y, George C, Strazewski P, Marquez VE. Synthesis of a conformationally locked version of puromycin amino nucleoside. Org Lett 2002; 4:589-92. [PMID: 11843598 DOI: 10.1021/ol010288c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A conformationally locked carbocyclic version of puromycin amino nucleoside was synthesized via Mitsunobu coupling of a 3-azido-substituted carbocyclic moiety with 6-chloropurine without interference from the azido group reacting with triphenylphosphine. The requisite 3-azido-substituted carbocyclic pseudosugar was prepared by a double inversion of configuration at C3' (nucleoside numbering) involving a nucleophilic displacement with azide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongseok Choi
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
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40
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Paquette LA, Bibart RT, Seekamp CK, Kahane AL. Spirocyclic restriction of nucleosides. Synthesis of the first exemplary syn-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonanyl member. Org Lett 2001; 3:4039-41. [PMID: 11735579 DOI: 10.1021/ol010209x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] The potential benefits associated with the spirocyclic restriction of nucleosides are summarized. Following exploration of a pi-allylpalladium route to 5'-alpha- or syn-dideoxy examples, we evaluated MOM protection of the 5'-hydroxyl as being suited to the synthesis of the first member of this new class of nucleoside mimic.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Paquette
- Evans Chemical Laboratories, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
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41
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Moon HR, Ford H, Marquez VE. A remarkably simple chemicoenzymatic approach to structurally complex bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane carbocyclic nucleosides. Org Lett 2000; 2:3793-6. [PMID: 11101421 DOI: 10.1021/ol000238s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Intramolecular cyclopropanation of a carbene engendered from the corresponding diazo beta-ketoester produced the desired bicyclo[3.1. 0]hexane pseudosugar. Purine nucleosides obtained via Mitsunobu coupling were resolved with adenosine deaminase. The requisite beta-ketoester was assembled in one step from ethyl acetoacetate and acrolein.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Moon
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Division of Basic Sciences, National Cancer Institute, FCRDC, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, USA
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42
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Jacobson KA, Ji X, Li AH, Melman N, Siddiqui MA, Shin KJ, Marquez VE, Ravi RG. Methanocarba analogues of purine nucleosides as potent and selective adenosine receptor agonists. J Med Chem 2000; 43:2196-203. [PMID: 10841798 PMCID: PMC3471159 DOI: 10.1021/jm9905965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine receptor agonists have cardioprotective, cerebroprotective, and antiinflammatory properties. We report that a carbocyclic modification of the ribose moiety incorporating ring constraints is a general approach for the design of A(1) and A(3) receptor agonists having favorable pharmacodynamic properties. While simple carbocyclic substitution of adenosine agonists greatly diminishes potency, methanocarba-adenosine analogues have now defined the role of sugar puckering in stabilizing the active adenosine receptor-bound conformation and thereby have allowed identification of a favored isomer. In such analogues a fused cyclopropane moiety constrains the pseudosugar ring of the nucleoside to either a Northern (N) or Southern (S) conformation, as defined in the pseudorotational cycle. In binding assays at A(1), A(2A), and A(3) receptors, (N)-methanocarba-adenosine was of higher affinity than the (S)-analogue, particularly at the human A(3) receptor (N/S affinity ratio of 150). (N)-Methanocarba analogues of various N(6)-substituted adenosine derivatives, including cyclopentyl and 3-iodobenzyl, in which the parent compounds are potent agonists at either A(1) or A(3) receptors, respectively, were synthesized. The N(6)-cyclopentyl derivatives were A(1) receptor-selective and maintained high efficacy at recombinant human but not rat brain A(1) receptors, as indicated by stimulation of binding of [(35)S]GTP-gamma-S. The (N)-methanocarba-N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine and its 2-chloro derivative had K(i) values of 4.1 and 2.2 nM at A(3) receptors, respectively, and were highly selective partial agonists. Partial agonism combined with high functional potency at A(3) receptors (EC(50) < 1 nM) may produce tissue selectivity. In conclusion, as for P2Y(1) receptors, at least three adenosine receptors favor the ribose (N)-conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0810, USA.
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