1
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de Lima BM, Hayes PL, Wood-Adams PM. Lamellar orientation at the surface of isotactic polystyrene thin films analyzed by sum frequency generation spectroscopy. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1248:340904. [PMID: 36813456 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.340904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Analyzing the orientation of polymeric crystalline lamella at the surface of thin films can be challenging. Even though atomic force microscopy (AFM) is often sufficient for this analysis, there are cases when imaging is not sufficient to confidently determine lamellar orientation. Here, we used sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy to analyze the lamellar orientation at the surface of semi-crystalline isotactic polystyrene (iPS) thin films. The SFG orientation analysis indicated that the iPS chains are oriented perpendicular to the substrate (flat-on lamellar orientation), which was confirmed by AFM. By analyzing the evolution of the SFG spectral features with the progress of crystallization, we demonstrated that the ratios of the SFG intensities of the phenyl ring resonances are a good indication of the surface crystallinity. Furthermore, we explored the challenges associated with SFG measurements of heterogeneous surfaces, which is commonly present in many semi-crystalline polymeric films. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the surface lamellar orientation of semi-crystalline polymeric thin films was determined by SFG. Also, this work pioneers in reporting the surface conformation of semi-crystalline and amorphous iPS thin films by SFG and in linking the SFG intensity ratios to the progress of the crystallization and the surface crystallinity. This study demonstrates the potential applicability of SFG spectroscopy in the conformational analysis of polymeric crystalline structures at interfaces and opens the way to the investigation of more complex polymeric structures and crystalline arrangements, especially for the case of buried interfaces, where AFM imaging is not an option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca M de Lima
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Concordia University, 1435 Rue Guy, S-GM 900-13, Montréal, Québec, H3H 2L5, Canada
| | - Patrick L Hayes
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, Québe, H2V 0B3, Canada.
| | - Paula M Wood-Adams
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Concordia University, 1435 Rue Guy, S-GM 900-13, Montréal, Québec, H3H 2L5, Canada.
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2
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Guo W, Zhu Z, Liu X, Ning Q, Song Q, Wang Y, He Y, Wang Z. Time-dependent band position difference between vibrational sum and difference frequency generation: a phenomenon originating from dispersion in the visible pulse. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:8325-8334. [PMID: 36859947 DOI: 10.1364/oe.481760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Vibrational spectroscopy is significant for identifying chemical specification. Here, the spectral band frequencies corresponding to the same molecular vibration in sum frequency generation (SFG) and difference frequency generation (DFG) spectra present delay-dependent deviation. Through numerical analysis of time resolved SFG and DFG spectra with a frequency marker in the incident IR pulse, the frequency ambiguity was not caused by any structure and dynamic variation on the surface, but from the dispersion in the incident visible pulse. Our results provide a helpful method to correct the vibrational frequency deviation and improve the assignment accuracy for SFG and DFG spectroscopies.
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3
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Li C, Zhu R, Yang Z, Lai J, Tan J, Luo Y, Ye S. Boosting Charge Transport in a 2D/3D Perovskite Heterostructure by Selecting an Ordered 2D Perovskite as the Passivator. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214208. [PMID: 36470848 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate that an ordered 2D perovskite can significantly boost the photoelectric performance of 2D/3D perovskite heterostructures. Using selective fluorination of phenyl-ethyl ammonium (PEA) lead iodide to passivate 3D FA0.8 Cs0.2 PbI3 , we find that the 2D/3D perovskite heterostructures passivated by a higher ordered 2D perovskite have lower Urbach energy, yielding a remarkable increase in photoluminescence (PL) intensity, PL lifetime, charge-carrier mobilities (ϕμ), and carrier diffusion length (LD ) for a certain 2D perovskite content. High performance with an ultralong PL lifetime of ≈1.3 μs, high ϕμ of ≈18.56 cm2 V-1 s-1 , and long LD of ≈7.85 μm is achieved in the 2D/3D films when passivated by 16.67 % para-fluoro-PEA2 PbI4 . This carrier diffusion length is comparable to that of some perovskite single crystals (>5 μm). These findings provide key missing information on how the organic cations of 2D perovskites influence the performance of 2D/3D perovskite heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanzhao Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Renlong Zhu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Jing Lai
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Junjun Tan
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.,Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
| | - Shuji Ye
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.,Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
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4
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Li X, Encheva M, Butt HJ, Backus EHG, Berger R. Adaptation and Recovery of A Styrene-Acrylic Acid Copolymer Surface to Water. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2100733. [PMID: 35338785 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Drops sliding down an adaptive surface lead to changes of the dynamic contact angles. Two adaptation processes play a role: (i) the adaptation of the surface upon bringing it into contact to the drop (wetting) and (ii) the adaptation of the surface after the drop passed (dewetting). In order to study both processes, we investigated samples made from random styrene (PS)/acrylic acid (PAA) copolymers, which are exposed to water. Sum-frequency generation spectroscopy (SFG) and tilted-plate measurements indicate that during wetting, the PS segments displace from the interface, while PAA segments are enriched. This structural adaptation of the PS/PAA random copolymer to water remains after dewetting. Annealing the adapted polymer induces reorientation of the PS segments to the surface. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Li
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Mirela Encheva
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Hans-Jürgen Butt
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Ellen H G Backus
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Rüdiger Berger
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz, 55128, Germany
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5
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Relaxation behavior of polymer thin films: Effects of free surface, buried interface, and geometrical confinement. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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6
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Tchao R. Cell membrane rupture: a novel test reveals significant variations among different brands of tissue culture flasks. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:38. [PMID: 33499912 PMCID: PMC7836507 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05453-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Loss of cytoplasmic molecules including protein controls, due to cell membrane rupture can cause errors and irreproducibility in research data. Previous results have shown that during the washing of a monolayer of cells with a balanced salt solution, the fluid force causes cell membrane rupture on some areas of the flasks/dishes. This fact shows the non-uniformity of the polystyrene surface in terms of cell culture. There is at present no simple test to monitor that surface. This paper presents a novel biologically based assay to determine the degree of heterogeneity of flasks supplied by various manufacturers. Results This paper shows that significant variation exists in polystyrene surface heterogeneity among several brands of tissue culture flasks, varying from 4 to 20% of the flask surface. There is also large variability within the production lot of a manufacturer. The assay method involves loading the cells with a cytoplasmic fluorescent marker that is released upon cell membrane rupture. Cell membrane rupture also causes the loss of marker proteins such as GAPDH used in Westernblots. This novel assay method can be used to monitor the batch consistency and the manufacturing process of flasks/dishes. It may also be used to test new biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruy Tchao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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7
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Lin T, Guo W, Guo R, Chen Z. Probing Biological Molecule Orientation and Polymer Surface Structure at the Polymer/Solution Interface In Situ. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:7681-7690. [PMID: 32525691 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polymers are widely used for many applications ranging from biomedical materials, marine antifouling coatings, membranes for biomolecule separation, to substrates for enzyme molecules for biosensing. For such applications, it is important to understand molecular interactions between biological molecules and polymer materials in situ in real time. Such understanding provides vital knowledge to manipulate biological molecule-polymer interactions and to optimize polymer surface structures to improve polymer performance. In this research, sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy was applied to study interactions between peptides (serving as models for biological molecules) and deuterated polystyrene (d8-PS, serving as a model for polymer materials). The peptide conformations/orientations and polymer surface phenyl orientation during the peptide-d8-PS interactions were determined using SFG. It was found that the π-π interaction between the aromatic amino acids on peptides and phenyl groups on d8-PS surface does not play a significant role. Instead, the peptide-d8-PS interactions are mediated by general hydrophobic interactions between the peptides and the polymer surface.
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8
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Liu J, Li X, Hou J, Liu F. Electric-Field-Induced Interface Behavior of Dodecyl Sulfate with Large Organic Counterions: A Molecular Dynamics Study. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:5498-5506. [PMID: 32520571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Dodecyl sulfate with tetramethylammonium counterions has been employed to systematically investigate the influence of different static electric fields on molecular structural properties, surface tension, by adopting molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with IR and sum frequency generation (SFG) spectrum calculations. The results indicated that dodecyl sulfate (DS-) and large organic TMA+ counterions can form a mixed adsorption layer in which one head group of DS- is surrounded by two tetramethylammonium (TMA+) and one water molecule. Additionally, it was observed that the surface tension significantly decreases with the increasing static electric field strength since the surfactant stands straighter at the interface as the electric field increases. The result can be instructively adopted in the manufacturing field to control surface tension. Moreover, it was found that the SFG stretch intensities of methylene decrease and the stretch intensities of the methyl group increase with increasing static electric fields. The result indicated that the static electric fields can make DS- more orderly and upright at the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchuan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xun Li
- Institute of Linguistics, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - Jian Hou
- University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Fenghai Liu
- College of Physical and Electronics Engineering, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China
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9
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He Y, Zhang Y, Ren H, Wang J, Guo W, Sun SG, Wang Z. Abnormal spectral bands in broadband sum frequency generation induced by bulk absorption and refraction. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:28564-28574. [PMID: 31684606 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.028564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the time-resolved broadband sum frequency generation (BB-SFG) spectra from a bare Au surface with a distorted infrared (introduced with a 10 µm polyethylene film in the IR light path) and principal component generalized projection (PCGP) algorithm were used to investigate the bulk distortion on the measured BB-SFG spectra. Besides the SFG intensity reduction from the bulk absorption, the frequency dependent refraction of the bulk layer led to misleading SFG features at the positive delay times beyond the Au dephasing time. These results suggest that SFG spectroscopy is not entirely 'bulk-free' for the buried interfaces because of the bulk absorption and refraction of the incident pulses.
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10
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MATSUNO H, TANAKA K. Aggregation State and Thermal Molecular Motion of a Bio-Inert Polymer at the Water Interface. KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 2019. [DOI: 10.1295/koron.2019-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hisao MATSUNO
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu Unibersity
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University
| | - Keiji TANAKA
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu Unibersity
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University
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11
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Hu P, Li B, Bai C, Li X, Lu X. Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy Using Evanescent Waves—Toward Probing Irregular and Complex Surfaces of Mesoscopic-Scale Materials. Anal Chem 2018; 90:14222-14229. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Bolin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Chen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xiaolin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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12
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Nguyen HK, Inutsuka M, Kawaguchi D, Tanaka K. Direct Observation of Conformational Relaxation of Polymer Chains at Surfaces. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:1198-1202. [PMID: 35651272 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sum-frequency generation spectroscopy was employed to follow the conformation evolution of polystyrene chains at the surface of a spin-coated film in a temperature-ramping mode as well as under isothermal annealing. The conformation of surface chains in an as-cast film was observed to be in a nonequilibrium state, in accordance with reported results for polymer chains in thin spin-coated films. While the relaxation of surface nonequilibrium chains was induced by the enhanced surface mobility, the whole chain motion such as reptation might be a key factor in determining the time scale for equilibrating the surface chain conformation.
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13
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Li X, Lu X. Evolution of Irreversibly Adsorbed Layer Promotes Dewetting of Polystyrene Film on Sapphire. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
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14
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Hong Y, Li Y, Wang F, Zuo B, Wang X, Zhang L, Kawaguchi D, Tanaka K. Enhanced Thermal Stability of Polystyrene by Interfacial Noncovalent Interactions. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yawei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Fengliang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Biao Zuo
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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15
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Negash S, Tatek YB, Tsige M. Effect of tacticity on the structure and glass transition temperature of polystyrene adsorbed onto solid surfaces. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:134705. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5010276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Negash
- Department of Physics, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yergou B. Tatek
- Department of Physics, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mesfin Tsige
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
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16
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Zhang Y, Anim-Danso E, Bekele S, Dhinojwala A. Effect of Surface Energy on Freezing Temperature of Water. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:17583-90. [PMID: 27314147 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b02094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have found that superhydrophobic surfaces are effective in delaying freezing of water droplets. However, the freezing process of water droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces depends on factors such as droplet size, surface area, roughness, and cooling rate. The role of surface energy, independent of any other parameters, in delaying freezing of water is not understood. Here, we have used infrared-visible sum frequency generation spectroscopy (SFG) to study the freezing of water next to solid substrates with water contact angles varying from 5° to 110°. We find that the freezing temperature of water decreases with increasing surface hydrophobicity only when the sample volume is small (∼10 μL). For a larger volume of water (∼300 μL), the freezing temperature is independent of surface energy. For water next to the surfaces with contact angle ≥54°, we observe a strong SFG peak associated with highly coordinated water. This research sheds new light on understanding the key factors in designing new anti-icing coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Emmanuel Anim-Danso
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Selemon Bekele
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Ali Dhinojwala
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
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17
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Shimomura S, Inutsuka M, Tajima K, Nabika M, Moritomi S, Matsuno H, Tanaka K. Stabilization of polystyrene thin films by introduction of a functional end group. Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2016.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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18
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Habibpour S, Zabihirad J, Mohammadi N, Mohammadi H. Modeling of polystyrenic nanoparticles driven β-trans-crystalline efficiency in isotactic polypropylene. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12219a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Addition of four styrenic soft nano-particles induced relative β-polymorphism as much as 20, 27, 34 and 10% during 10 minutes annealing of iPP at 116 °C. The kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of the phenomenon rationalized by a bi-exponential function
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Habibpour
- Nano and Smart Polymers Center of Excellence
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology
- Amirkabir University of Technology
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - J. Zabihirad
- Nano and Smart Polymers Center of Excellence
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology
- Amirkabir University of Technology
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - N. Mohammadi
- Nano and Smart Polymers Center of Excellence
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology
- Amirkabir University of Technology
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - H. Mohammadi
- Nano and Smart Polymers Center of Excellence
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology
- Amirkabir University of Technology
- Tehran
- Iran
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19
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Inutsuka M, Horinouchi A, Tanaka K. Aggregation States of Polymers at Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Solid Interfaces. ACS Macro Lett 2015; 4:1174-1178. [PMID: 35614801 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation states of polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) at hydrophobic deuterated-octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS-d) and hydrophilic SiOx interfaces are discussed, focusing on the interaction strength between polymer and substrate. Sum-frequency generation spectroscopy revealed that PS exhibited oriented phenyl groups along the normal direction at the interface in a spin-coated film because of the centrifugal force generated during the film solidification process, whereas it did not in a solvent-cast film. This result was common for both hydrophobic and hydrophilic substrates. That is, the aggregation states of PS depended little on which kind of substrate was used. This is because the interaction between PS and the surfaces is weak. In the case of a PMMA film on the hydrophobic OTS-d substrate, the interfacial local conformation was also dependent on the method of film preparation. PMMA at the hydrophilic SiOx interface, however, exhibited oriented ester methyl groups along the direction normal to the interface, regardless of the film preparation method. This is due to a stronger interaction via hydrogen bonding between carbonyl groups of PMMA and the substrate surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Inutsuka
- Department of Applied Chemistry and ‡International
Institute for Carbon-Neutral
Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ayanobu Horinouchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and ‡International
Institute for Carbon-Neutral
Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry and ‡International
Institute for Carbon-Neutral
Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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20
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Rissanou AN, Harmandaris V. Structural and Dynamical Properties of Polystyrene Thin Films Supported by Multiple Graphene Layers. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ma502524e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anastassia N. Rissanou
- Institute of Applied and Computational
Mathematics (IACM), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), GR-71110 Heraklion, Crete Greece
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Crete, GR-71409, Heraklion, Crete Greece
| | - Vagelis Harmandaris
- Institute of Applied and Computational
Mathematics (IACM), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), GR-71110 Heraklion, Crete Greece
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Crete, GR-71409, Heraklion, Crete Greece
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21
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Hirata T, Matsuno H, Kawaguchi D, Hirai T, Yamada NL, Tanaka M, Tanaka K. Effect of local chain dynamics on a bioinert interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:3661-3667. [PMID: 25760401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Although many kinds of synthetic polymers have been investigated to construct blood-compatible materials, only a few have achieved success. To establish molecular designs for blood-compatible polymers, the chain structure and dynamics at the water interface must be understood using solid evidence as the first bench mark. Here we show that polymer dynamics at the water interface impacts on structure of the interfacial water, resulting in a change in protein adsorption and of platelet adhesion. As a particular material, a blend composed of poly(2-methoxyethyl acrylate) (PMEA) and poly(methyl methacrylate) was used. PMEA was segregated to the water interface. While the local conformation of PMEA at the water interface was insensitive to its molecular weight, the local dynamics became faster with decreasing molecular weight, resulting in a disturbance of the network structure of waters at the interface. This leads to the extreme suppression of protein adsorption and platelet adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Norifumi L Yamada
- ∥Neutron Science Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanaka
- ⊥Department of Biochemical Engineering, Yamagata University, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
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22
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Effects of single-source multiple beam interference in vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy. J Mol Struct 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2014.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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23
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Fu Y, Lau YTR, Weng LT, Ng KM, Chan CM. Detection of surface mobility of poly (2, 3, 4, 5, 6-pentafluorostyrene) films by in situ variable-temperature ToF-SIMS and contact angle measurements. J Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 431:180-6. [PMID: 24999012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Poly (2, 3, 4, 5, 6-pentafluorostyrene) (5FPS) was prepared by bulk radical polymerization. The spin-cast films of this polymer were analyzed using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) at various temperatures ranging from room temperature to 120°C. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the ToF-SIMS data revealed a transition temperature (T(T)) at which the surface structure of 5FPS was rearranged. A comparison between the results of the PCA of ToF-SIMS spectra obtained on 5FPS and polystyrene (PS) indicate that the pendant groups of 5FPS and PS moved in exactly opposite directions as the temperature increased. More pendant groups of 5FPS and PS migrated from the bulk to the surface and verse versa, respectively, as the temperature increased. These results clearly support the view that the abrupt changes in the normalized principal component 1 value was caused by the surface reorientation of the polymers and not by a change in the ion fragmentation mechanism at temperatures above the T(T). Contact angle measurement, which is another extremely surface sensitive technique, was used to monitor the change in the surface tension as a function of temperature. A clear T(T) was determined by the contact angle measurements. The T(T) values determined by contact angle measurements and ToF-SIMS were very similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Yiu-Ting R Lau
- Nano and Advanced Materials Institute, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Lu-Tao Weng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong; Materials Characterization and Preparation Facility, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Kai-Mo Ng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong; Advanced Engineering Materials Facility, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Chi-Ming Chan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong; Division of Environment, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong.
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24
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Horinouchi A, Yamada NL, Tanaka K. Aggregation states of polystyrene at nonsolvent interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:6565-6570. [PMID: 24827027 DOI: 10.1021/la500829p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation states of polystyrene (PS) thin films at interfaces with nonsolvents such as water, methanol, and hexane were examined by specular neutron reflectivity and sum-frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy. The density profiles of the PS thin films along the direction normal to the interface with water and methanol were comparable to that in air. However, this was not the case for the film in hexane exhibiting a diffuse interfacial layer due to swelling. Also, the local conformation of PS in the outermost region of the films was quite sensitive to the surrounding environment and consequently responded to a change in its environment. This was the case for typical nonsolvents such as water and methanol. The extent of the conformational change might be explained in terms of the interfacial energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayanobu Horinouchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and ‡International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University , 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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25
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Zhang X, Chen Z. Observing phthalate leaching from plasticized polymer films at the molecular level. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:4933-4944. [PMID: 24725143 DOI: 10.1021/la500476u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates, the most widely used plasticizers in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), have been extensively studied. In this paper, a highly sensitive, easy, and effective method was developed to examine short-term phthalate leaching from PVC/phthalate films at the molecular level using sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy (SFG). Combining SFG and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), surface and bulk molecular structures of PVC/phthalate films were also comprehensively evaluated during the phthalate leaching process under various environments. The leaching processes of two phthalates, diethyl phthalate (DEP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP), from the PVC/phthalate films with various weight ratios were studied. Oxygen plasma was applied to treat the PVC/phthalate film surfaces to verify its efficacy on preventing/reducing phthalate leaching from PVC. Our results show that DBP is more stable than DEP in PVC/phthalate films. Even so, DBP molecules were still found to very slowly leach to the environment from PVC at 30 °C, at a rate much slower than DEP. Also, the bulk DBP content substantially influences the DBP leaching. Higher DBP bulk concentration yields less stable DBP molecules in the PVC matrix, allowing molecules to leach from the polymer film more easily. Additionally, DBP leaching is very sensitive to temperature changes; higher temperature can strongly enhance the leaching process. For most cases, the oxygen plasma treatment can effectively prevent phthalate leaching from PVC films (e.g., for samples with low bulk concentrations of DBP-5 and 30 wt %). It is also capable of reducing phthalate leaching from high DBP bulk concentration PVC samples (e.g., 70 wt % DBP in PVC/DBP mixture). This research develops a highly sensitive method to detect chemicals at the molecular level as well as provides surface and bulk molecular structural changes. The method developed here is general and can be applied to detect small amounts of chemical/biological environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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26
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Hall SA, Jena KC, Covert PA, Roy S, Trudeau TG, Hore DK. Molecular-Level Surface Structure from Nonlinear Vibrational Spectroscopy Combined with Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:5617-36. [DOI: 10.1021/jp412742u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaun A. Hall
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Kailash C. Jena
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Paul A. Covert
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Sandra Roy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Travis G. Trudeau
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Dennis K. Hore
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 3V6, Canada
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27
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Roy S, Covert PA, FitzGerald WR, Hore DK. Biomolecular Structure at Solid–Liquid Interfaces As Revealed by Nonlinear Optical Spectroscopy. Chem Rev 2014; 114:8388-415. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400418b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Roy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 3V6 Canada
| | - Paul A. Covert
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 3V6 Canada
| | - William R. FitzGerald
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 3V6 Canada
| | - Dennis K. Hore
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 3V6 Canada
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28
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Fu Y, Lau YTR, Weng LT, Ng KM, Chan CM. Evidence of Enhanced Mobility at the Free Surface of Supported Polymer Films by in Situ Variable-Temperature Time-of-Flight-Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2013; 85:10725-32. [DOI: 10.1021/ac401335j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fu
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Yiu-Ting R. Lau
- World
Premier International Research Center Initiative, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Lu-Tao Weng
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
- Materials
Characterization and Preparation Facility, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Kai-Mo Ng
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
- Advanced
Engineering Materials Facility, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Chi-Ming Chan
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
- Division
of Environment, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water
Bay, Hong Kong
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29
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Bekele S, Tsige M. Interfacial properties of oxidized polystyrene and its interaction with water. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:13230-13238. [PMID: 24073691 DOI: 10.1021/la403099e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
All-atom molecular dynamics simulations have been carried out to study the wetting of atactic polystyrene (aPS) thin films by water droplets. The effect of oxidation of the aPS surface on the contact angle has been studied as a function of oxygen concentration. Oxidation of aPS has been achieved by randomly replacing with oxygen the ortho and/or meta hydrogens on the aromatic rings within 1 nm of the aPS surface until the desired concentration of oxygen is reached. The simulated contact angle is found to decrease monotonically with increasing degree of oxidation, consistent with recent experimental results. The number of hydrogen bonds between water molecules and polystyrene at the interface is found to monotonically increase with oxygen concentration. By use of a modified Good-Girafalco-Fowkes-Young equation, the contribution of nondispersion interactions, γsl(P), to the interfacial energy at the aPS/water interface has been determined as a function of the degree of oxidation. The values of γsl(P) extracted appear to follow a quadratic dependence on oxygen concentration of the aPS surface. The roughness of the polystyrene surface appears to be independent of oxygen concentration when the polystyrene is exposed to vacuum, and it appears to increase slightly when it is in contact with water. The orientational ordering of the phenyl rings at the polystyrene surface exhibits no dependence on oxygen concentration for polystyrene in vacuum. However, the ordering appears to decrease slightly with increasing oxygen concentration when the polystyrene is in contact with water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selemon Bekele
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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30
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Lin CK, Yang L, Hayashi M, Zhu CY, Fujimura Y, Shen YR, Lin SH. Theory and Applications of Sum-Frequency Generations. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201300416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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31
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Zhang X, Zhang C, Hankett JM, Chen Z. Molecular surface structural changes of plasticized PVC materials after plasma treatment. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:4008-4018. [PMID: 23445444 DOI: 10.1021/la4000796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this research, a variety of analytical techniques including sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy (SFG), coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) have been employed to investigate the surface and bulk structures of phthalate plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) at the molecular level. Two types of phthalate molecules with different chain lengths, diethyl phthalate (DEP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP), mixed with PVC in various weight ratios were examined to verify their different surface and bulk behaviors. The effects of oxygen and argon plasma treatment on PVC/DBP and PVC/DEP hybrid films were investigated on both the surface and bulk of films using SFG and CARS to evaluate the different plasticizer migration processes. Without plasma treatment, SFG results indicated that more plasticizers segregate to the surface at higher plasticizer bulk concentrations. SFG studies also demonstrated the presence of phthalates on the surface even at very low bulk concentration (5 wt %). Additionally, the results gathered from SFG, CARS, and XPS experiments suggested that the PVC/DEP system was unstable, and DEP molecules could leach out from the PVC under low vacuum after several minutes. In contrast, the PVC/DBP system was more stable; the migration process of DBP out of PVC could be effectively suppressed after oxygen plasma treatment. XPS results indicated the increase of C═O/C-O groups and decrease of C-Cl functionalities on the polymer surface after oxygen plasma treatment. The XPS results also suggested that exposure to argon plasma induced chemical bond breaking and formation of cross-linking or unsaturated groups with chain scission on the surface. Finally, our results indicate the potential risk of using DEP molecules in PVC since DEP can easily leach out from the polymeric bulk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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32
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Li B, Zhou J, Xu X, Yu J, Shao W, Fang Y, Lu X. Solvent quality affects chain conformational order at the polymer surface revealed by sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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33
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Lenhart JL, Fischer DA, Chantawansri TL, Andzelm JW. Surface orientation of polystyrene based polymers: steric effects from pendant groups on the phenyl ring. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:15713-15724. [PMID: 23078172 DOI: 10.1021/la303507e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) coupled with molecular dynamics simulations were utilized to probe the orientation at the exposed surface of the polymer film for polystyrene type polymers with various pendant functional groups off the phenyl ring. For all the polymers, the surface was oriented so that the rings are nominally normal to the film surface and pointing outward from the surface. The magnitude of this orientation was small and dependent on the size of the pendant functional group. Bulky functional groups hindered the surface orientation, leading to nearly unoriented surfaces. Depth dependent NEXAFS measurements demonstrated that the surface orientation was localized near the interface. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that the phenyl rings were not oriented strongly around a particular "average tilt angle". In contrast, simulations demonstrate that the phenyl rings exhibit a broad distribution of tilt angles, and that changes in the tilt angle distribution with pendant functionality give rise to the observed NEXAFS response. The more oriented samples exhibit a higher probability of phenyl ring orientation at angles greater than 60 degrees relative to the plane of the films surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Lenhart
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21005, United States.
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34
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Gao J, Yan D, Ni H, Wang L, Yang Y, Wang X. Protein-resistance performance enhanced by formation of highly-ordered perfluorinated alkyls on fluorinated polymer surfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 393:361-8. [PMID: 23151385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the relationship between the surface structure of fluorinated polymers and their protein-resistant property was studied by preparing films of poly(n-alkyl methacrylate) end-capped with 2-perfluorooctylethyl methacrylate (FMA) (PFMA(y)-ec-PnAMA(x)-ec-PFMA(y)) with various ordered structures of perfluorinated alkyls. These fluorinated polymers were synthesized via a controlled/living atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) method. Both the surface free energy and the CF(3)/CF(2) ratio obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were employed to scale the ordered structures of the perfluorinated alkyls. Protein adsorption studies using fibrinogen as a test molecule were undertaken on the various films by XPS. The results show that the adsorbed mass of fibrinogen decreased linearly with increasing CF(3)/CF(2) ratio on the fluorinated polymer surfaces. When the CF(3)/CF(2) ratio reaches 0.26, there was almost no fibrinogen adsorption. This work not only demonstrates the design of a fluorinated copolymer film on glass substrate with desirable protein-resistant performance, but also provides a fundamental understanding of how the orientation of perfluoroalkyl side chains affects protein-resistant behavior on fluorinated surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of The Education Ministry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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35
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Calchera AR, Curtis AD, Patterson JE. Plasma treatment of polystyrene thin films affects more than the surface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:3493-3499. [PMID: 22642391 DOI: 10.1021/am300585a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Plasma treatment of polymer materials introduces chemical functionalities and modifies the material to make the native hydrophobic surface more hydrophilic. It is generally assumed that this process only affects the surface of the material. We used vibrationally resonant sum-frequency generation spectroscopy to observe changes in the orientation of phenyl groups in polystyrene (PS) thin films on various substrates before and after plasma treatment. VR-SFG selectively probes regions of broken symmetry, such as surfaces, but can also detect the emergence of anisotropy. On dielectric substrates, such as fused silica, the spectroscopic peak corresponding to the symmetric stretching (ν2) mode of the phenyl rings was undetectable after plasma treatment, showing that surface phenyl rings were altered. This peak also diminished on conducting substrates, but the intensity of another peak corresponding to the same mode in a bulklike environment increased significantly, suggesting that plasma treatment induces partial ordering of the bulk polymer. This ordering is seen on conducting substrates even when the polymer is not directly exposed to the plasma. Annealing reverses these effects on the polystyrene bulk; however, the surface phenyl rings do not return to the orientation observed for untreated films. These results call into question the assumption that the effects of plasma treatment are limited to the free surface and opens up other possibilities for material modification with low-temperature plasmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R Calchera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah 84602, United States
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36
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Lu X, Xue G, Wang X, Han J, Han X, Hankett J, Li D, Chen Z. Directly Probing Molecular Ordering at the Buried Polymer/Metal Interface 2: Using P-Polarized Input Beams. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma301088g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Key
Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology
of Education Ministry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Gi Xue
- Department of Polymer Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key
Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology
of Education Ministry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jianglong Han
- Department of Polymer Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xiaofeng Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue,
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jeanne Hankett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue,
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Dawei Li
- Department of Polymer Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue,
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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37
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Weidner T, Dubey M, Breen NF, Ash J, Baio JE, Jaye C, Fischer DA, Drobny GP, Castner DG. Direct observation of phenylalanine orientations in statherin bound to hydroxyapatite surfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:8750-3. [PMID: 22563672 DOI: 10.1021/ja301711w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular biomineralization proteins such as salivary statherin control the growth of hydroxyapatite (HAP), the principal component of teeth and bones. Despite the important role that statherin plays in the regulation of hard tissue formation in humans, the surface recognition mechanisms involved are poorly understood. The protein-surface interaction likely involves very specific contacts between the surface atoms and the key protein side chains. This study demonstrates for the first time the power of combining near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy with element labeling to quantify the orientation of individual side chains. In this work, the 15 amino acid N-terminal binding domain of statherin has been adsorbed onto HAP surfaces, and the orientations of phenylalanine rings F7 and F14 have been determined using NEXAFS analysis and fluorine labels at individual phenylalanine sites. The NEXAFS-derived phenylalanine tilt angles have been verified with sum frequency generation spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Weidner
- National ESCA and Surface Analysis Center for Biomedical Problems, Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
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38
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Tsuruta H, Fujii Y, Kai N, Kataoka H, Ishizone T, Doi M, Morita H, Tanaka K. Local Conformation and Relaxation of Polystyrene at Substrate Interface. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma3007202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hiroshi Kataoka
- Polymeric and Organic Materials
Department, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishizone
- Polymeric and Organic Materials
Department, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Masao Doi
- Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Morita
- Nanotechnology
Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
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39
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Tatek YB, Tsige M. Structural properties of atactic polystyrene adsorbed onto solid surfaces. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:174708. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3658046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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40
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Zorn G, Baio JE, Weidner T, Migonney V, Castner DG. Characterization of poly(sodium styrene sulfonate) thin films grafted from functionalized titanium surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:13104-12. [PMID: 21892821 PMCID: PMC3202038 DOI: 10.1021/la201918y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Biointegration of titanium implants in the body is controlled by their surface properties. Improving surface properties by coating with a bioactive polymer is a promising approach to improve the biological performance of titanium implants. To optimize the grafting processes, it is important to fully understand the composition and structure of the modified surfaces. The main focus of this study is to provide a detailed, multitechnique characterization of a bioactive poly(sodium styrene sulfonate) (pNaSS) thin film grafted from titanium surfaces via a two-step procedure. Thin titanium films (∼50 nm thick with an average surface roughness of 0.9 ± 0.2 nm) prepared by evaporation onto silicon wafers were used as smooth model substrates. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) showed that the titanium film was covered with a TiO(2) layer that was at least 10 nm thick and contained hydroxyl groups present at the outermost surface. These hydroxyl groups were first modified with a 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) cross-linker. XPS and ToF-SIMS showed that a monolayer of the MPS molecules was successfully attached onto the titanium surfaces. The pNaSS film was grafted from the MPS-modified titanium through atom transfer radical polymerization. Again, XPS and ToF-SIMS were used to verify that the pNaSS molecules were successfully grafted onto the modified surfaces. Atomic force microscopy analysis showed that the film was smooth and uniformly covered the surface. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that an ordered array of grafted NaSS molecules were present on the titanium surfaces. Sum frequency generation vibration spectroscopy and near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy illustrated that the NaSS molecules were grafted onto the titanium surface with a substantial degree of orientational order in the styrene rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilad Zorn
- National ESCA and Surface Analysis Center for Biomedical Problems, Departments of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1750, USA
| | - Joe E. Baio
- National ESCA and Surface Analysis Center for Biomedical Problems, Departments of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1750, USA
| | - Tobias Weidner
- National ESCA and Surface Analysis Center for Biomedical Problems, Departments of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1750, USA
| | - Veronique Migonney
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Specialty Polymers (LBPS/CSPBAT - UMR 7244), Institut Galilée, Université Paris 13, 93430 Villetaneuse, France
| | - David G. Castner
- National ESCA and Surface Analysis Center for Biomedical Problems, Departments of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1750, USA
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41
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Jena KC, Hung KK, Schwantje TR, Hore DK. Methyl groups at dielectric and metal surfaces studied by sum-frequency generation in co- and counter-propagating configurations. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:044704. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3614498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Vázquez AV, Holden B, Kristalyn C, Fuller M, Wilkerson B, Chen Z. Surface and buried interfacial structures of epoxy resins used as underfills studied by sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2011; 3:1640-1651. [PMID: 21504140 DOI: 10.1021/am2001899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Flip chip technology has greatly improved the performance of semiconductor devices, but relies heavily on the performance of epoxy underfill adhesives. Because epoxy underfills are cured in situ in flip chip semiconductor devices, understanding their surface and interfacial structures is critical for understanding their adhesion to various substrates. Here, sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy was used to study surface and buried interfacial structures of two model epoxy resins used as underfills in flip chip devices, bisphenol A digylcidyl ether (BADGE) and 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDGE). The surface structures of these epoxies were compared before and after cure, and the orientations of their surface functional groups were deduced to understand how surface structural changes during cure may affect adhesion properties. Further, the effect of moisture exposure, a known cause of adhesion failure, on surface structures was studied. It was found that the BADGE surface significantly restructured upon moisture exposure while the BDDGE surface did not, showing that BADGE adhesives may be more prone to moisture-induced delamination. Lastly, although surface structure can give some insight into adhesion, buried interfacial structures more directly correspond to adhesion properties of polymers. SFG was used to study buried interfaces between deuterated polystyrene (d-PS) and the epoxies before and after moisture exposure. It was shown that moisture exposure acted to disorder the buried interfaces, most likely due to swelling. These results correlated with lap shear adhesion testing showing a decrease in adhesion strength after moisture exposure. The presented work showed that surface and interfacial structures can be correlated to adhesive strength and may be helpful in understanding and designing optimized epoxy underfill adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne V Vázquez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Acton O, Hutchins D, Árnadóttir L, Weidner T, Cernetic N, Ting GG, Kim TW, Castner DG, Ma H, Jen AKY. Spin-cast and patterned organophosphonate self-assembled monolayer dielectrics on metal-oxide-activated Si. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:1899-1902. [PMID: 21438035 PMCID: PMC3824967 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201004762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Orb Acton
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Box 352120, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2120 (USA)
| | - Daniel Hutchins
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Box 352120, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2120 (USA)
| | - Líney Árnadóttir
- National ESCA and Surface Analysis Center for Biomedical Problems, Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical Engineering, Box 351750, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1750 (USA)
| | - Tobias Weidner
- National ESCA and Surface Analysis Center for Biomedical Problems, Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical Engineering, Box 351750, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1750 (USA)
| | - Nathan Cernetic
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Box 352120, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2120 (USA)
| | - Guy G. Ting
- Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1700 (USA)
| | - Tae-Wook Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Box 352120, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2120 (USA)
| | - David G. Castner
- National ESCA and Surface Analysis Center for Biomedical Problems, Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical Engineering, Box 351750, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1750 (USA)
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Box 352120, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2120 (USA)
| | - Alex K.-Y. Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Box 352120, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2120 (USA); Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1700 (USA)
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Holinga GJ, York RL, Onorato RM, Thompson CM, Webb NE, Yoon AP, Somorjai GA. An SFG Study of Interfacial Amino Acids at the Hydrophilic SiO2 and Hydrophobic Deuterated Polystyrene Surfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:6243-53. [DOI: 10.1021/ja1101954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George J. Holinga
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States, and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Roger L. York
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States, and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Robert M. Onorato
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States, and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Christopher M. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States, and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Nic E. Webb
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States, and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alfred P. Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States, and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Gabor A. Somorjai
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States, and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Tikhomirov VA, Odinokov AV, Bagatur’yants AA, Alfimov MV. Modeling the surface of polystyrene and the adsorption of dye molecules on this surface. THEOR EXP CHEM+ 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11237-011-9164-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Probing polymer surfaces and interfaces using sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy - a powerful nonlinear optical technique. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11458-010-0220-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Lu X, Spanninga SA, Kristalyn CB, Chen Z. Surface orientation of phenyl groups in poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) and in poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate):poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) mixture examined by sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:14231-14235. [PMID: 20672846 DOI: 10.1021/la101866v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy was used to investigate the surface phenyl ring orientations of spin-coated poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSSNa) and of PSSNa in the spin-coated polymer material Baytron P. Baytron P is a commercially available conducting polymer suspension with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and PSSNa in water, which is widely used in organic electronic devices. SFG spectra collected using different polarization combinations showed that the twist angles for the phenyl groups on the spin-coated PSSNa and Baytron P surfaces were not random; therefore, both the twist and tilt angles needed to be deduced in order to determine their respective phenyl group orientations. Results indicated that on the PSSNa surface, the para-substituted phenyl ring has a tilt angle of 47.5 degrees +/- 5.3 degrees and a twist angle of 58.8 degrees +/- 8.2 degrees. The tilt and twist angles, 48.2 degrees +/- 3.6 degrees and 65.2 degrees +/- 4.0 degrees, respectively, were determined for the Baytron P phenyl ring, which were not very different from those of PSSNa phenyl groups on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Ye X, Zuo B, Deng M, Hei Y, Ni H, Lu X, Wang X. Surface segregation of fluorinated moieties on poly(methyl methacrylate-ran-2-perfluorooctylethyl methacrylate) films during film formation: Entropic or enthalpic influences. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 349:205-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Revised: 05/05/2010] [Accepted: 05/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Davies PB. Interference effects in the sum frequency generation spectra of thin organic films. I. Theoretical modeling and simulation. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:034704. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3428668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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