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Autopolymerization of 2-bromo-3-methoxythiophene, analysis of reaction products and estimation of polymer structure. Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-020-00435-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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2
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Manandhar P, Vokatá T, Lee S, Lee Y, Jung HM, Shim S, Moon JH. Controlled ionic complexation of positively charged phenylene‐based conjugated polymers by modulated backbone structures. POLYM INT 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Manandhar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida International University Miami FL USA
| | - Tereza Vokatá
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida International University Miami FL USA
| | - Sunyoung Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry Kumoh National Institute of Technology Gumi South Korea
| | - Yejin Lee
- Department of Chemistry Sunchon National University Suncheon South Korea
| | - Hyun Min Jung
- Department of Applied Chemistry Kumoh National Institute of Technology Gumi South Korea
| | - Sangdeok Shim
- Department of Chemistry Sunchon National University Suncheon South Korea
| | - Joong Ho Moon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida International University Miami FL USA
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3
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Inganäs O. Organic Photovoltaics over Three Decades. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1800388. [PMID: 29938847 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The development of organic semiconductors for photovoltaic devices, over the last three decades, has led to unexpected performance for an alternative choice of materials to convert sunlight to electricity. New materials and developed concepts have improved the photovoltage in organic photovoltaic devices, where records are now found above 13% power conversion efficiency in sunlight. The author has stayed with the topic of organic materials for energy conversion and energy storage during these three decades, and makes use of the Hall of Fame now built by Advanced Materials, to present his view of the path travelled over this time, including motivations, personalities, and ambitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olle Inganäs
- Biomolecular and Organic Electronics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, S-581 83, Linköping, Sweden
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4
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In-situ synthesis by Grignard Metathesis of poly(3-hexylthiophene) in presence of CdS and their properties. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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5
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Wang H, Liu J, Xu Y, Yu X, Xing R, Han Y. Ordered fibrillar morphology of donor–acceptor conjugated copolymers at multiple scales via blending with flexible polymers and solvent vapor annealing: insight into photophysics and mechanism. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:1441-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp53538j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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6
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Seri M, Bolognesi M, Chen Z, Lu S, Koopman W, Facchetti A, Muccini M. Fine Structural Tuning of Cyanated Dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]silole–Oligothiophene Copolymers: Synthesis, Characterization, and Photovoltaic Response. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma4011186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Seri
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica
e la Fotoreattività (ISOF), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna,
Italy
| | | | - Zhihua Chen
- Polyera Corporation, 8045 Lamon Avenue, Skokie, Illinois 60077, United States
| | - Shaofeng Lu
- Polyera Corporation, 8045 Lamon Avenue, Skokie, Illinois 60077, United States
| | - Wouter Koopman
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali
Nanostrutturati (ISMN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Polyera Corporation, 8045 Lamon Avenue, Skokie, Illinois 60077, United States
| | - Michele Muccini
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali
Nanostrutturati (ISMN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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7
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Pang X, Zhao L, Feng C, Wu R, Ma H, Lin Z. Functional copolymer brushes composed of a hydrophobic backbone and densely grafted conjugated side chains via a combination of living polymerization with click chemistry. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py21124f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Nowacki B, Grova IR, Domingues RA, Faria GC, Atvars TD, Akcelrud L. Photo- and electroluminescence in a series of PPV type terpolymers containing fluorene, thiophene and phenylene units. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2012.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Aggregation behaviour of a water-soluble ammonium-functionalized polythiophene: Luminescence enhancement induced by bile-acid anions. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Boudouris BW, Ho V, Jimison LH, Toney MF, Salleo A, Segalman RA. Real-Time Observation of Poly(3-alkylthiophene) Crystallization and Correlation with Transient Optoelectronic Properties. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma201316a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan W. Boudouris
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Victor Ho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Leslie H. Jimison
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Michael F. Toney
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Alberto Salleo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Rachel A. Segalman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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11
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Tenery D, Gesquiere AJ. Interplay between fluorescence and morphology in composite MEH-PPV/PCBM nanoparticles studied at the single particle level. Chem Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2009.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Tenery D, Gesquiere AJ. Effect of PCBM Concentration on Photoluminescence Properties of Composite MEH-PPV/PCBM Nanoparticles Investigated by a Franck-Condon Analysis of Single-Particle Emission Spectra. Chemphyschem 2009; 10:2449-57. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200900413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Hu Z, Gesquiere AJ. PCBM concentration dependent morphology of P3HT in composite P3HT/PCBM nanoparticles. Chem Phys Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Spano FC, Clark J, Silva C, Friend RH. Determining exciton coherence from the photoluminescence spectral line shape in poly(3-hexylthiophene) thin films. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:074904. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3076079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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15
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Sugimoto T, Ebihara Y, Ogino K, Vacha M. Structure-Dependent Photophysics Studied in Single Molecules of Polythiophene Derivatives. Chemphyschem 2007; 8:1623-8. [PMID: 17577905 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200700277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We report on the photophysical characterization at the single-molecule level of a graft copolymer consisting of a polythiophene backbone and long polystyrene branches. The presence of the branches prevents the polymer chain from forming a collapsed conformational state. The photophysical properties of the resulting solution-like conformation are studied by measuring single-molecule photobleaching dynamics, emission polarization anisotropy and emission spectra. The results are compared with those obtained on the same polythiophene derivative without the branches. It is found that the presence of the branches is a decisive factor in determining the photophysical properties of the polymers on the single-molecule level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshikazu Sugimoto
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1-S8, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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16
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Scheblykin IG, Yartsev A, Pullerits T, Gulbinas V, Sundström V. Excited State and Charge Photogeneration Dynamics in Conjugated Polymers. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:6303-21. [PMID: 17521181 DOI: 10.1021/jp068864f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers are becoming interesting materials for a range of optoelectronic applications. However, their often complex electronic and structural properties prevent establishment of straightforward property-function relationships. In this paper, we summarize recent results on the photophysics and excited state dynamics of conjugated polymers, in order to paint a picture of exciton formation, quenching, and generation of charge carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan G Scheblykin
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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17
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Patrício PSO, Calado HDR, de Oliveira FAC, Righi A, Neves BRA, Silva GG, Cury LA. Correlation between thermal, optical and morphological properties of heterogeneous blends of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and thermoplastic polyurethane. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2006; 18:7529-7542. [PMID: 21690866 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/18/32/002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A correlation between thermal, optical and morphological properties of self-sustained films formed from blends of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), with 1, 10 and 20 wt% of P3HT in TPU, is established. Images of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) show the formation of domains of P3HT into the TPU matrix, characterizing the blend material as heterogeneous. The heat capacity (C(p)) dependence on P3HT contents was investigated in a large temperature interval. In the region of the TPU glass transition, the difference between the experimental and predicted ΔC(p) values is more pronounced for the 1 wt% case, which strongly suggests that in this case there is a higher influence of the P3HT chains on the TPU matrix. The SEM images for the 1 wt% blended film present the formation of the smallest P3HT domains in the TPU matrix. The relatively high reduction of the PL intensity of the pure electronic transition peak in the 1 wt% blended film, in comparison to the other blended films and also to a pure P3HT film, favours the assumption that the smallest P3HT domains are at the origin of a more structural disordered character. This fact is in agreement with the results obtained by Raman spectroscopy and also by photoluminescence resolved by polarization in stretched self-sustained films, showing an ample correlation between morphological, thermal and optical properties of these blended materials. In addition, the thermoplastic properties of the polyurethane configure very good conditions for tensile drawing of P3HT and other conjugated polymer molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia S O Patrício
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CP 702, 30123-970, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil
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18
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Spano FC. Absorption in regio-regular poly(3-hexyl)thiophene thin films: Fermi resonances, interband coupling and disorder. Chem Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2005.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Hou J, Yang C, He C, Li Y. Poly[3-(5-octyl-thienylene-vinyl)-thiophene]: A side-chain conjugated polymer with very broad absorption band. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:871-3. [PMID: 16479295 DOI: 10.1039/b516576h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel polythiophene derivative, poly[3-(5-octyl-thienylene-vinyl)-thiophene] (POTVT) with conjugated thienylene vinyl side-chain, was synthesized, and the POTVT film shows a very broad absorption band-width covering from 300 nm to 700 nm after thermal annealing at 130 degrees C for 10 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Hou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Center for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
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20
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Cagnoli R, Mucci A, Parenti F, Schenetti L, Borsari M, Lodi A, Ponterini G. A poly(alkylsulfany)thiophene functionalized with carboxylic groups. POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Hou J, Huo L, He C, Yang C, Li Y. Synthesis and Absorption Spectra of Poly(3-(phenylenevinyl)thiophene)s with Conjugated Side Chains. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma051883n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Hou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Center for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China, and Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Lijun Huo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Center for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China, and Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Chang He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Center for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China, and Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Chunhe Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Center for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China, and Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Center for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China, and Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
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22
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Donley CL, Zaumseil J, Andreasen JW, Nielsen MM, Sirringhaus H, Friend RH, Kim JS. Effects of Packing Structure on the Optoelectronic and Charge Transport Properties in Poly(9,9-di-n-octylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole). J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:12890-9. [PMID: 16159283 DOI: 10.1021/ja051891j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Spin-coated poly(9,9-di-n-octylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT) films of different molecular weights (Mn= 9-255 kg/mol), both in the pristine and annealed state, were studied in an effort to elucidate changes in the polymer packing structure and the effects this structure has on the optoelectronic and charge transport properties of these films. A model based on quantum chemical calculations, wide-angle X-ray scattering, atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence, and electron mobility measurements was developed to describe the restructuring of the polymer film as a function of polymer chain length and annealing. In pristine high molecular weight films, the polymer chains exhibit a significant torsion angle between the F8 and BT units, and the BT units in neighboring chains are close to one another. Annealing films to sufficiently high transition temperatures allows the polymers to adopt a lower energy configuration in which the BT units in one polymer chain are adjacent to F8 units in a neighboring chain ("alternating structure"), and the torsion angle between F8 and BT units is reduced. This restructuring, dictated by the strong dipole on the BT unit, subsequently affects the efficiencies of interchain electron transfer and exciton migration. Films exhibiting the alternating structure show significantly lower electron mobilities than those of the pristine high molecular weight films, due to a decrease in the efficiency of interchain electron transport in this structure. In addition, interchain exciton migration to low energy weakly emissive states is also reduced for these alternating structure films, as observed in their photoluminescence spectra and efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie L Donley
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England
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23
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Spano FC. Modeling disorder in polymer aggregates: The optical spectroscopy of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) thin films. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:234701. [PMID: 16008467 DOI: 10.1063/1.1914768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Absorption and emission in polymer aggregates is studied theoretically, taking into account excitonic (intermolecular) coupling, exciton-phonon (EP) coupling, and disorder, all treated on equal footing within a generalized Holstein Hamiltonian with numerically generated eigenmodes and energies. The disorder is modeled as a Gaussian distribution of molecular transition frequency offsets of width sigma and spatial correlation length l(0). Both herringbone (HB) and lamellar aggregate morphologies are considered. The emission spectral line shape is shown to undergo marked changes in response to increasing disorder, with the intensity of the ac-polarized 0-0 emission peak generally increasing relative to the replica intensities (0-1,0-2,[ellipsis (horizontal)]) as sigma increases and/or as l(0) decreases. This is contrary to the behavior of the b-polarized component of the 0-0 intensity, which, in HB aggregates, decreases with increasing disorder. Comparisons are made to analogous trends in oligomer aggregates. Analytical results are obtained in the strong EP coupling regime appropriate for conjugated polymers while treating the disorder perturbatively. A method for uniquely determining sigma and l(0) from the emission and absorption spectra is presented. Applications are made to absorption and low-temperature emission in thin films of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene), with excellent agreement between theory and experiment obtained for a spatial correlation length of only 3-4 molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank C Spano
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.
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24
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Kim YH, Shin DC, Kim HS, You H, Kwon SK. New family of highly emissive, soluble poly(1,4-fluorenylenevinylene) derivatives: Synthesis and characterization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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25
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Beenken WJD, Pullerits T. Spectroscopic Units in Conjugated Polymers: A Quantum Chemically Founded Concept? J Phys Chem B 2004; 108:6164-9. [PMID: 18950096 DOI: 10.1021/jp037332l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tõnu Pullerits
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
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26
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Beenken WJD, Pullerits T. Excitonic coupling in polythiophenes: Comparison of different calculation methods. J Chem Phys 2004; 120:2490-5. [PMID: 15268391 DOI: 10.1063/1.1636460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In conjugated polymers the optical excitation energy transfer is usually described as Forster-type hopping between so-called spectroscopic units. In the simplest approach using the point-dipole approximation the transfer rate is calculated based on the interaction between the transition dipoles of two spectroscopic units. In the present work we compare this approach with three others: The line-dipole approximation, the Coulomb integral between the transition densities, and a quantum-chemical calculation of the interacting dimer as entity. The latter two approaches are based on the semiempirical method ZINDO. The line-dipole approximation is an attractive compromise between computational effort and precision for calculations of the excitonic coupling in extended conjugated polymers.
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