1
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Chen S, Liu Z, Li B, Hou Y, Peng Y, Li J, Yuan Q, Gan W. Probing the structural evolution on the surface of cardiolipin vesicles with an amphiphilic second harmonic generation and fluorescence probe. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:014705. [PMID: 38949588 DOI: 10.1063/5.0211845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Investigating the influence of the ambient chemical environment on molecular behaviors in liposomes is crucial for understanding and manipulating cellular vitality as well as the capabilities of lipid drug carriers in various environments. Here, we designed and synthesized a second harmonic generation (SHG) and fluorescence probe molecule called Pyr-Py+-N+ (PPN), which possesses membrane-targeting capability. We employed PPN to investigate the response of lipid vesicles composed of cardiolipin to the presence of exogenous salt. The kinetic behaviors, including the adsorption and embedding of PPN on the surface of small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) composed of cardiolipin, were analyzed. The response of the SUVs to the addition of NaCl was also monitored. A rapid decrease in vesicle size can be evidenced through the rapid drop in SHG emission originating from PPN located on the vesicle surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujiao Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhongcheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bifei Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yi Hou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yingying Peng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jianhui Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qunhui Yuan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Gan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
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2
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Kumar D, Gayen A, Chandra M. Membrane Permeability Dominates over Electrostatic Interactions in Dictating Drug Transport in Osmotically Shocked Escherichia coli. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:4911-4921. [PMID: 38736363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c08426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
To combat surging multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections, better strategies to improve the efficacy of existing drugs are critical. Because the dual membrane cell envelope is the first line of defense for these bacteria, it is crucial to understand the permeation properties of the drugs through it. Our recent study shows that isosmotic conditions prevent drug permeation inside Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli, while hypoosmotic stress enhances the process. Here, we unravel the reason behind such differential drug penetration. Specifically, we dissect the roles of electrostatic screening and low membrane permeability in the penetration failure of drugs under osmotically balanced conditions. We compare the transport of a quaternary ammonium compound malachite green in the presence of an electrolyte (NaCl) and a wide variety of commonly used organic osmolytes, e.g., sucrose, proline, glycerol, sorbitol, and urea. These osmolytes of different membrane permeability (i.e., nonpermeable sucrose and NaCl, freely permeable urea and glycerol, and partially permeable proline and sorbitol) clarify the role of osmotic stress in cell envelope permeability. The results showcase that under balanced osmotic conditions, drug molecules fail to penetrate inside E. coli cells because of low membrane permeabilities and not because of electrostatic screening imposed by the osmolytes. Contribution of the electrostatic interactions, however, cannot be completely overruled as at osmotically imbalanced conditions, drug transport across the bacterial subcellular compartments is found to be dependent on the osmolytes used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anindita Gayen
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manabendra Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Center of Excellence: Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Gangwal School of Medical Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
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3
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Yu C, Shang P, Guo Y, Zhang Z. In Situ Heterodyne-Detected Second-Harmonic Generation Study of the Influence of Cholesterol on Dye Molecule Adsorption on Lipid Membrane. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:1892-1899. [PMID: 38354410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c07130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Cholesterol plays an essential role in regulating the functionality of biomembranes. This study employed in situ second-harmonic generation (SHG) to investigate the adsorption behavior of the dye molecule 4-(4-(diethylamino)styryl)-N-methyl-pyridinium iodide (D289) on a biomimic membrane composed of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) (sodium salt) (DPPG) and cholesterol. The time-dependent polarization SHG intensity exhibited an initial rapid increase, followed by a subsequent decline. The initial increased SHG intensity is responsible for the electrostatic interaction-driven adsorption of D289 onto the membrane, while the decrease in the SHG signal results from the broadening of the orientation distribution within the membrane. Heterodyne-detected SHG (HD-SHG) measurements demonstrated that the adsorption of dye molecules influenced the phase of the induced electric field. The interfacial potential Φ(0) as a function of time was measured, and we found that even after reaching a stable Stern layer state, the diffusion layer continued to exhibit a dynamic change. This study offers a comprehensive understanding of the influence of cholesterol on adsorption, reorientation dynamics, and dynamic changes in the reorientation of water in the diffusion layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhui Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Shang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuan Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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4
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Kumar D, Gayen A, Chandra M. Hypo-osmotic Stress Increases Permeability of Individual Barriers in Escherichia coli Cell Envelope, Enabling Rapid Drug Transport. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:2471-2481. [PMID: 37950691 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Survival of foodborne Gram-negative bacteria during osmotic stress often leads to multidrug resistance development. However, despite the concern, how osmoadaptation alters drug penetration across the Gram-negative bacterial cell envelope has remained inconclusive for years. Here, we have investigated drug permeation and accumulation inside hypo-osmotically shocked Escherichia coli. Three different quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are used as cationic amine-containing drug representatives; they also serve as envelope permeability indicators in different assays. Propidium iodide fluorescence reveals cytoplasmic accumulation and overall envelope permeability, while crystal violet sorption and second harmonic generation (SHG) spectroscopy reveal periplasmic accumulation and outer membrane permeability. Malachite green sorption and SHG results reveal transport across both the outer and inner membranes and accumulation in the periplasm as well as cytoplasm. The findings are found to be complementary to one another, collectively revealing enhanced permeabilities of both membranes and the periplasmic space in response to hypo-osmotic stress in E. coli. Enhanced permeability leads to faster QACs transport and higher accumulation in subcellular compartments, whereas transport and accumulation both are negligible under isosmotic conditions. The QACs' transport rates are found to be highly influenced by the osmolytes used, where phosphate ion emerges as a key facilitator of transport across the periplasm into the cytoplasm. E. coli is found viable, with morphology unchanged under extreme hypo-osmotic stress; i.e., it adapts to the situation. The outcome shows that the hypo-osmotic shock to E. coli, specifically using phosphate as an osmolyte, can be beneficial for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anindita Gayen
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manabendra Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Center of Excellence: Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Gangwal School of Medical Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
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5
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Allegritti E, Battista S, Maggi MA, Marconi C, Galantini L, Giansanti L. Novel liposomal formulations for protection and delivery of levodopa: Structure-properties correlation. Int J Pharm 2023; 643:123230. [PMID: 37454830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes are promising drug carriers for a wide range of central nervous system disorders, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), since they can protect active substances from degradation and could be administered intranasally, ensuring a direct access to the brain. Levodopa (LD), the drug commonly used to treat PD, spontaneously oxidizes in aqueous solutions and thus needs to be stabilized. Our investigation focuses on the preparation and the physico-chemical characterization of mixed liposomes to vehiculate LD and two natural substances (L-ascorbic acid and quercetin) that can prevent its oxidation and contribute to the treatment of Parkinson's disease. These co-loaded vesicles were prepared using a saturated phospholipid and structurally related cationic or analogue N-oxide surfactants and showed different properties, based on their composition. In particular, ex-vivo permeability tests using porcine nasal mucosa were performed, denoting that subtle variations of the lipids structure can significantly affect the delivery of LD to the target site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Allegritti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67010 Coppito, AQ, Italy
| | - Sara Battista
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67010 Coppito, AQ, Italy
| | - Maria Anna Maggi
- Hortus Novus, Via Campo Sportivo 2, Canistro, 67051 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Claudia Marconi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma "Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Luciano Galantini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma "Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Luisa Giansanti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67010 Coppito, AQ, Italy.
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6
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Xu B, Li J, Zhang S, Zeb J, Chen S, Yuan Q, Gan W. The Transport of Charged Molecules across Three Lipid Membranes Investigated with Second Harmonic Generation. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114330. [PMID: 37298807 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Subtle variations in the structure and composition of lipid membranes can have a profound impact on their transport of functional molecules and relevant cell functions. Here, we present a comparison of the permeability of bilayers composed of three lipids: cardiolipin, DOPG (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol), and POPG (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol)). The adsorption and cross-membrane transport of a charged molecule, D289 (4-(4-diethylaminostyry)-1-methyl-pyridinium iodide), on vesicles composed of the three lipids were monitored by second harmonic generation (SHG) scattering from the vesicle surface. It is revealed that structural mismatching between the saturated and unsaturated alkane chains in POPG leads to relatively loose packing structure in the lipid bilayers, thus providing better permeability compared to unsaturated lipid bilayers (DOPG). This mismatching also weakens the efficiency of cholesterol in rigidifying the lipid bilayers. It is also revealed that the bilayer structure is somewhat disturbed by the surface curvature in small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) composed of POPG and the conical structured cardiolipin. Such subtle information on the relationship between the lipid structure and the molecular transport capability of the bilayers may provide clues for drug development and other medical and biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baomei Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jianhui Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Johar Zeb
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shunli Chen
- Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structure Materials of Guangdong Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Qunhui Yuan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wei Gan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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7
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Li J, Li B, Hou Y, Zeb J, Yuan Q, Gan W. Measuring the activation energy of the structural evolution in vesicle formation with combined spectroscopic methods and revealing the different ionic effects from Na+ and Ca2+. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.130940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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8
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Hou Y, Xu B, Chen SL, Gan W, Yuan Q, Lin X. Understanding the different cross-membrane transport kinetics of two charged molecules on the DOPG lipid surface with second harmonic generation and MD simulation. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:4305-4314. [PMID: 35620962 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00167e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A clear physical picture of the dynamic behavior of molecules on the surface of the lipid membrane is highly desired and has attracted great attention from researchers. In this study, a step forward in this direction based on previous studies was presented with second harmonic generation (SHG) and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation. Specifically, details on the orientation flipping and cross-membrane transport of two charged molecules, 4-(4-diethylaminostyry)-1-methyl-pyridinium iodide (D289) and malachite green (MG), on the surface of 2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-rac-(1-glycerol) sodium salt (DOPG) lipids were presented. Firstly, the orientation flipping of the two molecules on the surface of lipids before their cross-membrane transport was confirmed by the MD simulation. Then, the concentration dependent rate of the cross membrane transport for MG/D289 was analyzed. It was found that a simplified model could satisfactorily interpret the faster cross-membrane transport of MG under higher bulk concentrations. A different concentration dependent dynamics was observed with D289 and the reason behind it was also discussed. With this investigation, the surface structures and dynamics of D289 and MG on the DOPG lipid surface were clearly presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Baomei Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Shun-Li Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structure Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Gan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Qunhui Yuan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xi Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Institute of Materials Genome & Big Data, Harbin Institute of Technology(Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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9
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Dikkumbura A, Aucoin AV, Ali RO, Dalier A, Gilbert DW, Schneider GJ, Haber LH. Influence of Acetaminophen on Molecular Adsorption and Transport Properties at Colloidal Liposome Surfaces Studied by Second Harmonic Generation Spectroscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:3852-3859. [PMID: 35298170 PMCID: PMC8969770 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved second harmonic generation (SHG) spectroscopy is used to investigate acetaminophen (APAP)-induced changes in the adsorption and transport properties of malachite green isothiocyanate (MGITC) dye to the surface of unilamellar 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) liposomes in an aqueous colloidal suspension. The adsorption of MGITC to DOPC liposome nanoparticles in water is driven by electrostatic and dipole-dipole interactions between the positively charged MGITC molecules and the zwitterionic phospholipid membranes. The SHG intensity increases as the added MGITC dye concentration is increased, reaching a maximum as the MGITC adsorbate at the DOPC bilayer interface approaches a saturation value. The experimental adsorption isotherms are fit using the modified Langmuir model to obtain the adsorption free energies, adsorption equilibrium constants, and the adsorbate site densities to the DOPC liposomes both with and without APAP. The addition of APAP is shown to increase MGITC adsorption to the liposome interface, resulting in a larger adsorption equilibrium constant and a higher adsorption site density. The MGITC transport times are also measured, showing that APAP decreases the transport rate across the DOPC liposome bilayer, especially at higher MGITC concentrations. Studying molecular interactions at the colloidal liposome interface using SHG spectroscopy provides a detailed foundation for developing potential liposome-based drug-delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asela
S. Dikkumbura
- Department
of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Alexandra V. Aucoin
- Department
of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Rasidah O. Ali
- Department
of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Aliyah Dalier
- Southeastern
Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana 70402, United States
| | - Dylan W. Gilbert
- Southeastern
Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana 70402, United States
| | - Gerald J. Schneider
- Department
of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State
University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Louis H. Haber
- Department
of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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10
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Xu B, Chen SL, Zhang Y, Li B, Yuan Q, Gan W. Evaluating the cross-membrane dynamics of a charged molecule on lipid films with different surface curvature. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 610:376-384. [PMID: 34923275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Does the curvature of a phospholipid membrane influence the permeability of the lipid bilayers? This is a question of great importance yet hard to answer. In this work the permeability of a positively charged rod like probing molecule (D289 dye) on the bilayers of DOPG lipid vesicles was investigated using angle resolved second harmonic generation method. It was revealed that the permeability of D289 on the surface of small vesicles with ∼ 100 nm diameter was notably lower than that on giant vesicles with ∼ 1000 nm diameter. With the increasing of temperature or the introducing of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in the solutions, the D289 permeability of the lipid bilayers was notably enhanced as expected, on both the small and the giant vesicles. Still, the D289 permeability of the lipid film with more curvature is lower than the relatively flat film in all these cases. This work demonstrated a general protocol for the investigating of surface permeability of lipid films with various curvature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baomei Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, and School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shun-Li Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structure Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiru Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Bifei Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, and School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qunhui Yuan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Gan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, and School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
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11
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Miller LN, Blake MJ, Page EF, Castillo HB, Calhoun TR. Phosphate Ions Alter the Binding of Daptomycin to Living Bacterial Cell Surfaces. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:3088-3095. [PMID: 34605244 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Advancements in antibiotic drug design are often hindered by missing information on how these small molecules interact with living cells. The antibiotic, daptomycin, has found clinical success and an emerging resistance, but a comprehensive picture of its mechanism of action has remained elusive. Using a surface-specific spectroscopy technique, second harmonic generation, we are able to quantitatively assess the binding of daptomycin to living cell membranes without the addition of exogenous labels. Our results reveal similar binding affinities for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria studied, including Escherichia coli. More importantly, we show that the presence of phosphate ions influences the binding of daptomycin to the Gram-positive bacterium Enterococcus faecalis. The role of environmental phosphate has not previously been considered in any proposed mechanism, and its implications are expected to be important in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey N. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Marea J. Blake
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Eleanor F. Page
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Hannah B. Castillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Tessa R. Calhoun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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12
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Hamal P, Subasinghege Don V, Nguyenhuu H, Ranasinghe JC, Nauman JA, McCarley RL, Kumar R, Haber LH. Influence of Temperature on Molecular Adsorption and Transport at Liposome Surfaces Studied by Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Second Harmonic Generation Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:10506-10513. [PMID: 34495664 PMCID: PMC8474114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c04263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A fundamental understanding of the kinetics and thermodynamics of chemical interactions at the phospholipid bilayer interface is crucial for developing potential drug-delivery applications. Here we use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and surface-sensitive second harmonic generation (SHG) spectroscopy to study the molecular adsorption and transport of a small organic cation, malachite green (MG), at the surface of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) (DOPG) liposomes in water at different temperatures. The temperature-dependent adsorption isotherms, obtained by SHG measurements, provide information on adsorbate concentration, free energy of adsorption, and associated changes in enthalpy and entropy, showing that the adsorption process is exothermic, resulting in increased overall entropy. Additionally, the molecular transport kinetics are found to be more rapid under higher temperatures. Corresponding MD simulations are used to calculate the free energy profiles of the adsorption and the molecular orientation distributions of MG at different temperatures, showing excellent agreement with the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Hamal
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-1804, United States
| | - Visal Subasinghege Don
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-1804, United States
| | - Huy Nguyenhuu
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-1804, United States
| | - Jeewan C Ranasinghe
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-1804, United States
| | - Julia A Nauman
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-1804, United States
| | - Robin L McCarley
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-1804, United States
| | - Revati Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-1804, United States
| | - Louis H Haber
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-1804, United States
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13
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Observing the structural variations on binary complex vesicle surfaces and the influence on molecular transportation. Chem Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2021.111250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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14
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Hou Y, Li J, Liu X, Ruan Y, Chen SL, Yuan Q, Gan W. The effect of side group on the dynamic behavior of anthracyclines on DOPG lipid membranes revealed by second harmonic generation and fluorescence. Chem Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2020.111036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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15
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Li J, Chen SL, Hou Y, Zhou J, Yuan Q, Gan W. Drastically modulating the structure, fluorescence, and functionality of doxorubicin in lipid membrane by interfacial density control. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:224706. [PMID: 31837686 DOI: 10.1063/1.5126232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we report on the observation of a drastic modulation of the fluorescence emission of an anticancer drug, doxorubicin, at the lipid interface during the variation of its molecular density at the interface. The emission efficiency of doxorubicin in the lipid membrane was modulated in the range of less than 10% to above 300% that in the aqueous solution. The corresponding changes in the structure and functionality of doxorubicin on the lipid surface were analyzed with the aid of second harmonic generation and theoretical calculation. It was observed that doxorubicin molecules aggregated on the lipid membrane at a relatively high interfacial density. However, this aggregation may not cause interfacial domain large enough to alter the permeability of the lipid bilayer. At an even higher doxorubicin density, the domain of the aggregated doxorubicin molecules induced a cross-membrane transportation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, and School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Shun-Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, and School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, and School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Qunhui Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, and School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
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16
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Wilhelm MJ, Dai HL. Molecule-Membrane Interactions in Biological Cells Studied with Second Harmonic Light Scattering. Chem Asian J 2019; 15:200-213. [PMID: 31721448 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The nonlinear optical phenomenon second harmonic light scattering (SHS) can be used for detecting molecules at the membrane surfaces of living biological cells. Over the last decade, SHS has been developed for quantitatively monitoring the adsorption and transport of small and medium size molecules (both neutral and ionic) across membranes in living cells. SHS can be operated with both time and spatial resolution and is even capable of isolating molecule-membrane interactions at specific membrane surfaces in multi-membrane cells, such as bacteria. In this review, we discuss select examples from our lab employing time-resolved SHS to study real-time molecular interactions at the plasma membranes of biological cells. We first demonstrate the utility of this method for determining the transport rates at each membrane/interface in a Gram-negative bacterial cell. Next, we show how SHS can be used to characterize the molecular mechanism of the century old Gram stain protocol for classifying bacteria. Additionally, we examine how membrane structures and molecular charge and polarity affect adsorption and transport, as well as how antimicrobial compounds alter bacteria membrane permeability. Finally, we discuss adaptation of SHS as an imaging modality to quantify molecular adsorption and transport in sub-cellular regions of individual living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Wilhelm
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Hai-Lung Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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17
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Miller LN, Brewer WT, Williams JD, Fozo EM, Calhoun TR. Second Harmonic Generation Spectroscopy of Membrane Probe Dynamics in Gram-Positive Bacteria. Biophys J 2019; 117:1419-1428. [PMID: 31586521 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial membranes are complex mixtures with dispersity that is dynamic over scales of both space and time. To capture adsorption onto and transport within these mixtures, we conduct simultaneous second harmonic generation (SHG) and two-photon fluorescence measurements on two different gram-positive bacterial species as the cells uptake membrane-specific probe molecules. Our results show that SHG not only can monitor the movement of small molecules across membrane leaflets but also is sensitive to higher-level ordering of the molecules within the membrane. Further, we show that the membranes of Staphylococcus aureus remain more dynamic after longer times at room temperature in comparison to Enterococcus faecalis. Our findings provide insight into the variability of activities seen between structurally similar molecules in gram-positive bacteria while also demonstrating the power of SHG to examine these dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey N Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennesseee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - William T Brewer
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennesseee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Julia D Williams
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennesseee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Elizabeth M Fozo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennesseee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Tessa R Calhoun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennesseee, Knoxville, Tennessee.
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18
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Hamal P, Nguyenhuu H, Subasinghege Don V, Kumal RR, Kumar R, McCarley RL, Haber LH. Molecular Adsorption and Transport at Liposome Surfaces Studied by Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Second Harmonic Generation Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:7722-7730. [PMID: 31407578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b05954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A fundamental understanding of the factors that determine the interactions with and transport of small molecules through phospholipid membranes is crucial in developing liposome-based drug delivery systems. Here we combine time-dependent second harmonic generation (SHG) measurements with molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the events associated with adsorption and transport of the small molecular cation, malachite green isothiocyanate (MGITC), in colloidal liposomes of different compositions. The molecular transport of MGITC through the liposome bilayer is found to be more rapid in 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-l-serine (DOPG and DOPS, respectively) liposomes, while the molecular transport is slower in 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) liposomes. Interestingly, MGITC is observed to neither adsorb nor transport in trimethyl quinone-1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (QPADOPE) liposomes due to shielding by the quinone group. The modified Langmuir adsorption isotherm model is used to determine the free energy of adsorption for MGITC, which is found to be less negative in DOPC than in DOPG and DOPS, caused by lower electrostatic interactions between the positively charged dye and the zwitterionic DOPC liposome surface. The results are compared to our previous investigations, which showed that malachite green (MG) adsorbs and transports in DOPG and DOPS liposomes but not in DOPC and QPADOPE liposomes. Molecular dynamics simulations are used to investigate the adsorption and transport properties of MG and MGITC in DOPC and DOPG liposomes using umbrella sampling to determine the free energy profiles and interfacial molecular orientations. Together, these time-resolved SHG studies and corresponding molecular dynamics simulations characterize the complicated chemical interactions at different lipid membranes to provide key molecular-level insights for potential drug delivery applications. The results also point toward understanding the role of chemical functional groups, in this case isothiocyanate, in controlling molecular adsorption at and transport through lipid bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Hamal
- Department of Chemistry , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70803-1804 , United States
| | - Huy Nguyenhuu
- Department of Chemistry , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70803-1804 , United States
| | - Visal Subasinghege Don
- Department of Chemistry , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70803-1804 , United States
| | - Raju R Kumal
- Department of Chemistry , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70803-1804 , United States
| | - Revati Kumar
- Department of Chemistry , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70803-1804 , United States
| | - Robin L McCarley
- Department of Chemistry , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70803-1804 , United States
| | - Louis H Haber
- Department of Chemistry , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70803-1804 , United States
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19
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Cheng V, Kimball DR, Conboy DJC. Determination of the Rate-Limiting Step in Fatty Acid Transport. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:7157-7168. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b05162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Dylan R. Kimball
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Dr. John C. Conboy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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20
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Okur HI, Tarun OB, Roke S. Chemistry of Lipid Membranes from Models to Living Systems: A Perspective of Hydration, Surface Potential, Curvature, Confinement and Heterogeneity. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:12168-12181. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Halil I. Okur
- Laboratory for Fundamental BioPhotonics
(LBP), Institute of Bioengineering (IBI) and Institute of Materials
Science (IMX), School of Engineering (STI) and Lausanne Center for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Orly B. Tarun
- Laboratory for Fundamental BioPhotonics
(LBP), Institute of Bioengineering (IBI) and Institute of Materials
Science (IMX), School of Engineering (STI) and Lausanne Center for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Roke
- Laboratory for Fundamental BioPhotonics
(LBP), Institute of Bioengineering (IBI) and Institute of Materials
Science (IMX), School of Engineering (STI) and Lausanne Center for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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21
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Hou Y, Chen SL, Gan W, Ma X, Yuan Q. Understanding the Dynamic Behavior of an Anticancer Drug, Doxorubicin, on a Lipid Membrane Using Multiple Spectroscopic Techniques. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:3756-3762. [PMID: 30983340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b01941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The interaction, including the adsorption and embedding, of a widely applied anticancer drug, doxorubicin, with a lipid membrane was investigated. Second harmonic generation and two photon fluorescence were used as a powerful combination capable in revealing this dynamic process at the interface. The adsorption, association, deassociation and embedding of doxorubicin on the lipid membrane were clearly identified based on the consistency in the dynamic parameters revealed by the time dependent second harmonic generation and two-photon fluorescence measurements. This work also presents a new approach for in situ measurement of the adsorption density of doxorubicin on lipid membrane, benefiting from the two-photon fluorescence signal of doxorubicin being significantly altered by its chemical environment. The analysis of the location and molecular density based on the fluorescent efficiency of the chromophores makes the fluorescence measurement a "surface sensitive" technique as well. The analytical procedures used in this work are expected to aid in understanding the interaction between fluorescent molecules and lipid membranes in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, and School of Science , Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) , University Town, Shenzhen 518055 , Guangdong China
| | - Shun-Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, and School of Science , Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) , University Town, Shenzhen 518055 , Guangdong China
| | - Wei Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, and School of Science , Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) , University Town, Shenzhen 518055 , Guangdong China
| | - Xing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, and School of Materials Science and Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) , University Town, Shenzhen 518055 , Guangdong China
| | - Qunhui Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, and School of Materials Science and Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) , University Town, Shenzhen 518055 , Guangdong China
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22
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Wilhelm MJ, Sharifian Gh M, Dai HL. Influence of molecular structure on passive membrane transport: A case study by second harmonic light scattering. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:104705. [PMID: 30876365 DOI: 10.1063/1.5081720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an experimental study, using the surface sensitive technique, second harmonic light scattering (SHS), to examine the influence of structure on the propensity of a molecule to passively diffuse across a phospholipid membrane. Specifically, we monitor the relative tendency of the structurally similar amphiphilic cationic dyes, malachite green (MG) and crystal violet (CV), to transport across membranes in living cells (E. coli) and biomimetic liposomes. Despite having nearly identical molecular structures, molecular weights, cationic charges, and functional groups, MG is of lower overall symmetry and consequently has a symmetry allowed permanent dipole moment, which CV does not. The two molecules showed drastically different interactions with phospholipid membranes. MG is observed to readily cross the hydrophobic interior of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. Conversely, CV does not. Furthermore, experiments conducted with biomimetic liposomes, constructed from the total lipid extract of E. coli and containing no proteins, show that while MG is able to diffuse across the liposome membrane, CV does not. These observations indicate that the SHS results measured with bacteria do not result from the functions of efflux pumps, but suggests that MG possesses an innate molecular property (which is absent in CV) that allows it to passively diffuse across the hydrophobic interior of a phospholipid membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Wilhelm
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Mohammad Sharifian Gh
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Hai-Lung Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
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23
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Abstract
The principles, strengths and limitations of several nonlinear optical (NLO) methods for characterizing biological systems are reviewed. NLO methods encompass a wide range of approaches that can be used for real-time, in-situ characterization of biological systems, typically in a label-free mode. Multiphoton excitation fluorescence (MPEF) is widely used for high-quality imaging based on electronic transitions, but lacks interface specificity. Second harmonic generation (SHG) is a parametric process that has all the virtues of the two-photon version of MPEF, yielding a signal at twice the frequency of the excitation light, which provides interface specificity. Both SHG and MPEF can provide images with high structural contrast, but they typically lack molecular or chemical specificity. Other NLO methods such as coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) can provide high-sensitivity imaging with chemical information since Raman active vibrations are probed. However, CARS and SRS lack interface and surface specificity. A NLO method that provides both interface/surface specificity as well as molecular specificity is vibrational sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy. Vibration modes that are both Raman and IR active are probed in the SFG process, providing the molecular specificity. SFG, like SHG, is a parametric process, which provides the interface and surface specificity. SFG is typically done in the reflection mode from planar samples. This has yielded rich and detailed information about the molecular structure of biomaterial interfaces and biomolecules interacting with their surfaces. However, 2-D systems have limitations for understanding the interactions of biomolecules and interfaces in the 3-D biological environment. The recent advances made in instrumentation and analysis methods for sum frequency scattering (SFS) now present the opportunity for SFS to be used to directly study biological solutions. By detecting the scattering at angles away from the phase-matched direction even centrosymmetric structures that are isotropic (e.g., spherical nanoparticles functionalized with self-assembled monolayers or biomolecules) can be probed. Often a combination of multiple NLO methods or a combination of a NLO method with other spectroscopic methods is required to obtain a full understanding of the molecular structure and surface chemistry of biomaterials and the biomolecules that interact with them. Using the right combination methods provides a powerful approach for characterizing biological materials.
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24
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Tran RJ, Sly KL, Conboy JC. Applications of Surface Second Harmonic Generation in Biological Sensing. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2017; 10:387-414. [PMID: 28301745 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Surface second harmonic generation (SHG) is a coherent, nonlinear optical technique that is well suited for investigations of biomolecular interactions at interfaces. SHG is surface specific due to the intrinsic symmetry constraints on the nonlinear process, providing a distinct analytical advantage over linear spectroscopic methods, such as fluorescence and UV-Visible absorbance spectroscopies. SHG has the ability to detect low concentrations of analytes, such as proteins, peptides, and small molecules, due to its high sensitivity, and the second harmonic response can be enhanced through the use of target molecules that are resonant with the incident (ω) and/or second harmonic (2ω) frequencies. This review describes the theoretical background of SHG, and then it discusses its sensitivity, limit of detection, and the implementation of the method. It also encompasses the applications of surface SHG directed at the study of protein-surface, small-molecule-surface, and nanoparticle-membrane interactions, as well as molecular chirality, imaging, and immunoassays. The versatility, high sensitivity, and surface specificity of SHG show great potential for developments in biosensors and bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee J Tran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112;
| | - Krystal L Sly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112;
| | - John C Conboy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112;
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25
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Wilhelm MJ, Sheffield JB, Sharifian Gh. M, Wu Y, Spahr C, Gonella G, Xu B, Dai HL. Gram's Stain Does Not Cross the Bacterial Cytoplasmic Membrane. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:1711-7. [PMID: 25879387 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
For well over a century, Hans Christian Gram's famous staining protocol has been the standard go-to diagnostic for characterizing unknown bacteria. Despite continuous and ubiquitous use, we now demonstrate that the current understanding of the molecular mechanism for this differential stain is largely incorrect. Using the fully complementary time-resolved methods: second-harmonic light-scattering and bright-field transmission microscopy, we present a real-time and membrane specific quantitative characterization of the bacterial uptake of crystal-violet (CV), the dye used in Gram's protocol. Our observations contradict the currently accepted mechanism which depicts that, for both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, CV readily traverses the peptidoglycan mesh (PM) and cytoplasmic membrane (CM) before equilibrating within the cytosol. We find that not only is CV unable to traverse the CM but, on the time-scale of the Gram-stain procedure, CV is kinetically trapped within the PM. Our results indicate that CV, rather than dyes which rapidly traverse the PM, is uniquely suited as the Gram stain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Wilhelm
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Joel B. Sheffield
- Department
of Biology, Temple University, 1900 N. 12th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Mohammad Sharifian Gh.
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Yajing Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Christian Spahr
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Grazia Gonella
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Bolei Xu
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Hai-Lung Dai
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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26
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Zeng J, Eckenrode HM, Dai HL, Wilhelm MJ. Adsorption and transport of charged vs. neutral hydrophobic molecules at the membrane of murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 127:122-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Wilhelm MJ, Sheffield JB, Gonella G, Wu Y, Spahr C, Zeng J, Xu B, Dai HL. Real-time molecular uptake and membrane-specific transport in living cells by optical microscopy and nonlinear light scattering. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Gonella G, Dai HL. Second harmonic light scattering from the surface of colloidal objects: theory and applications. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:2588-2599. [PMID: 24171670 DOI: 10.1021/la403570f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Because properties of colloids containing micro- and nano-particles are much influenced by the structure of, and interactions occurring at, the particle surface, it is important to be able to characterize the particle surface in situ and nondestructively. Nonlinear light scattering from colloidal particles has been developed into a powerful and versatile technique for characterizing particle surfaces since the first demonstration of the detection of second harmonic generation from molecules adsorbed on micrometer-sized colloidal particles by Eisenthal and co-workers (Wang, H.; Yan, E. C. Y.; Borguet, E.; Eisenthal, K. B. Second Harmonic Generation from the Surface of Centrosymmetric Particles in Bulk Solution. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1996, 259, 15-20). At present, second harmonic light scattering from the particle surface can be quantitatively described by theoretical models and used to measure the adsorption kinetics, molecular structure, and reaction rates at the surfaces of a variety of micrometer- to nanometer-sized particles, including biological cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Gonella
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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29
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Calcein release behavior from liposomal bilayer; influence of physicochemical/mechanical/structural properties of lipids. Biochimie 2013; 95:2018-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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30
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Azam MS, Gibbs-Davis JM. Monitoring DNA Hybridization and Thermal Dissociation at the Silica/Water Interface Using Resonantly Enhanced Second Harmonic Generation Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2013; 85:8031-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac401009u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Shafiul Azam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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31
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Varshney GK, Saini RK, Gupta PK, Das K. Effect of curcumin on the diffusion kinetics of a hemicyanine dye, LDS-698, across a lipid bilayer probed by second harmonic spectroscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:2912-8. [PMID: 23391287 DOI: 10.1021/la304778d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The diffusion kinetics of a hemicyanine dye, LDS-698, across model membrane bilayers was studied in real time by the surface specific second harmonic technique. Using liposomes made from different headgroups, it has been established that the diffusion is initiated by electrostatic adsorption of the positively charged dye to the outer surface of negatively charged liposomes and its time constant is affected by the rigidity of the bilayer. In the presence of the liphophilic drug curcumin (curcumin/lipid mole ratio ~ 0.2), the diffusion of LDS-698 was observed to be faster by ~56 times (from 780 to 14 s) at 25 °C. Under similar curcumin concentration, when cholesterol containing liposomes are used at 2 °C, the observed diffusion time constant increases from 14 to 65 s, showing that the effect of curcumin is superior to the effect of increasing bilayer rigidity on the diffusion process. Control experiments with other lipophilic molecules such as DPH and Nile Red showed that the effect of liposomal curcumin is superior. Consistent with previous reports of curcumin affecting the bilayer organization, this study additionally demonstrates increased permeability of liposomal curcumin, in particular against organic cations. It is speculated that origin of this enhanced membrane permeability by lipophilic molecules may depend upon the interaction of the molecule with the polar headgroup region of the lipid which, in turn, is expected to depend on the chemical structure of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Varshney
- Laser Bio-Medical Applications & Instrumentation Division, Raja Ramanna Center for Advanced Technology, Indore, M.P., India
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32
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Saini RK, Dube A, Gupta PK, Das K. Diffusion of chlorin-p6 across phosphatidyl choline liposome bilayer probed by second harmonic generation. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:4199-205. [PMID: 22414064 DOI: 10.1021/jp205335z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the diffusion of the photosensitizer Chlorin-p(6) (Cp(6)) across a egg lecithin lipid bilayer at different pH by the Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) method. Cp(6) has three ionizable carboxylic acid groups, and consequently, neutral and several ionic forms of Cp(6) are expected to be present in the pH range 3-8. The absorption spectra of Cp(6) get considerably modified in the presence of liposomes as the pH is decreased indicating that the drug liposome binding is pH dependent. The first pK(a) of interconversion (D-C) has been identified at pH ~7.0 by fluorescence measurement in an earlier work. In this work, the second pK(a) of interconversion (C-B) has been identified at pH ~4.8 by the hyper-Rayleigh scattering method. At acidic pH (3, 4, and 5), where species A, B, and C are dominant, the addition of liposomes to a Cp(6) solution generates an instantaneous rise (less than 1 s) in the second harmonic (SH) signal followed by decays whose time constants ranged from ten to hundreds of seconds. The instantaneous rise is attributed to the adsorption of Cp(6) to the outer lipid bilayer, and the decay is attributed to the diffusion of the neutral and charged (A and B) species of the drug. The observed fast and slow time constants for diffusion in the pH range 3-5 are attributed to the neutral (A) and ionic form (B) of Cp(6), respectively. At pH 6, the intensity of the generated SH signals on the addition of liposome reduced, and at physiological pH, it was too weak to be detected. These results are consistent with previous studies that show that the interaction between Cp(6) and egg-PC liposomes is pH dependent. At lower pH due to the presence of the hydrophobic species (A and B) of Cp(6), its interaction with liposomes is strong, and at higher pH, the abundance of the negatively charged hydrophilic species (C and D) decreases the interaction with the like charged liposomes. We have also studied the effect of increasing the bilayer rigidity by decreasing the temperature of the medium or by incorporating 50 mol % cholesterol in the lipid bilayer and observed that lowering of temperature has more profound effect on the diffusion rates. The characteristics of the SH signal changed significantly when liposomes incorporating 50 mol % cholesterol were used at a low (3 °C) temperature. Under these conditions, the SH signal consisted of an instantaneous (<1s) followed by a slower rise (10-90s), and then, it decayed on a much longer time scale. This slow rise of the SH signal at pH 3 and 4 may be attributed to the temperature dependent adsorption of the anionic species (B) of Cp(6) with the liposomes. Further investigations are required in order to understand clearly the pH dependent diffusion of this drug across lipid bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Saini
- Laser Bio-Medical Applications & Instrumentation Division, Raja Ramanna Center for Advanced Technology, Indore, MP 452013, India
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Probing nanoscopic droplet interfaces in aqueous solution with vibrational sum-frequency scattering: A study of the effects of path length, droplet density and pulse energy. Chem Phys Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.06.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wick CD, Dang LX. Computational investigation of the influence of organic-aqueous interfaces on NaCl dissociation dynamics. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:044702. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3299279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kim JH, Kim MW. In-Situ Observation of the Inside-to-Outside Molecular Transport of a Liposome. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:15673-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8075657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joon Heon Kim
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Korea, and Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Mahn Won Kim
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Korea, and Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
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Liu J, Subir M, Nguyen K, Eisenthal KB. Second Harmonic Studies of Ions Crossing Liposome Membranes in Real Time. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:15263-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jp806690z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027
| | - Mahamud Subir
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027
| | - Kim Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027
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Jen SH, Dai HL. Probing Molecules Adsorbed at the Surface of Nanometer Colloidal Particles by Optical Second-Harmonic Generation. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:23000-3. [PMID: 17107136 DOI: 10.1021/jp0644762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is observed that optical second-harmonic generation from molecules adsorbed at the surface of nanometer size colloidal particles occurs at angles as large as 90 degrees away from the fundamental beam direction. This phenomenon can be rigorously described by the nonlinear Rayleigh-Gans-Debye theory and used for probing molecules adsorbed on nanometer size colloidal particles.
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Crans DC, Rithner CD, Baruah B, Gourley BL, Levinger NE. Molecular probe location in reverse micelles determined by NMR dipolar interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:4437-45. [PMID: 16569021 DOI: 10.1021/ja0583721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The location and interactions of solutes in microheterogeneous environments, such as reverse micelles, critically influence understanding of many phenomena that utilize probe molecules to characterize properties in chemical, biological, and physical systems. The information gained in such studies depends substantially on the location of the probe used. Often, intuition leads to the assumption that ionic probe molecules reside in the polar water pool of a system. In this work, the location of a charged polar transition metal coordination complex in a reverse micellar system is determined using NMR spectroscopy. Despite the expected Coulomb repulsion between the surfactant headgroups and the negatively charged complex, the complex spends significant time penetrating into the hydrophobic portion of the reverse micellar interface. These results challenge the assumption that ionic probe molecules reside solvated by water in microheterogeneous environments and suggest that probe molecule location be carefully considered before interpreting data from similar systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie C Crans
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, 80523-1872, USA.
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Eisenthal KB. Second Harmonic Spectroscopy of Aqueous Nano- and Microparticle Interfaces. Chem Rev 2006; 106:1462-77. [PMID: 16608187 DOI: 10.1021/cr0403685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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