1
|
Malina T, Bína D, Collins AM, Alster J, Pšenčík J. Efficient two-step excitation energy transfer in artificial light-harvesting antenna based on bacteriochlorophyll aggregates. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 254:112891. [PMID: 38555841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Chlorosomes of green photosynthetic bacteria are large light-harvesting complexes enabling these organisms to survive at extremely low-light conditions. Bacteriochlorophylls found in chlorosomes self-organize and are ideal candidates for use in biomimetic light-harvesting in artificial photosynthesis and other applications for solar energy utilization. Here we report on the construction and characterization of an artificial antenna consisting of bacteriochlorophyll c co-aggregated with β-carotene, which is used to extend the light-harvesting spectral range, and bacteriochlorophyll a, which acts as a final acceptor for excitation energy. Efficient energy transfer between all three components was observed by means of fluorescence spectroscopy. The efficiency varies with the β-carotene content, which increases the average distance between the donor and acceptor in both energy transfer steps. The efficiency ranges from 89 to 37% for the transfer from β-carotene to bacteriochlorophyll c, and from 93 to 69% for the bacteriochlorophyll c to bacteriochlorophyll a step. A significant part of this study was dedicated to a development of methods for determination of energy transfer efficiency. These methods may be applied also for study of chlorosomes and other pigment complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Malina
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Bína
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic & Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Aaron M Collins
- Department of Environmental and Physical Sciences, Southern New Hampshire University, Manchester, NH, USA
| | - Jan Alster
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Pšenčík
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Koifman OI, Stuzhin PA, Travkin VV, Pakhomov GL. Chlorophylls in thin-film photovoltaic cells, a critical review. RSC Adv 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01508g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-assembly and electrical properties of chlorophyll-type dyes are reviewed with emphasis on their potential applications in thin-film solar cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O. I. Koifman
- Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology (ISUCT)
- Ivanovo 153000
- Russian Federation
| | - P. A. Stuzhin
- Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology (ISUCT)
- Ivanovo 153000
- Russian Federation
| | - V. V. Travkin
- Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology (ISUCT)
- Ivanovo 153000
- Russian Federation
- Institute for Physics of Microstructures of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IPM RAS)
- Nizhny Novgorod 603950
| | - G. L. Pakhomov
- Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology (ISUCT)
- Ivanovo 153000
- Russian Federation
- Institute for Physics of Microstructures of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IPM RAS)
- Nizhny Novgorod 603950
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
|
4
|
Shoji S, Nomura Y, Tamiaki H. Heterodimers of zinc and free-base chlorophyll derivatives co-assembled in biomimetic chlorosomal J-aggregates. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:555-562. [DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00468d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Free-base chlorophyll derivatives covalently linked with their zinc complex accepted singlet excitation energy from chlorosomal self-aggregates in their co-assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunao Shoji
- Graduate School of Life Sciences
- Ritsumeikan University
- Kusatsu
- Japan
| | - Yosaku Nomura
- Graduate School of Life Sciences
- Ritsumeikan University
- Kusatsu
- Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences
- Ritsumeikan University
- Kusatsu
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Temperature-dependent self-assemblies of zinc 31-hydroxy-chlorins in polydimethylsiloxane oil. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
6
|
Shi T, Liu Z, Miyatake T, Tamiaki H, Kobayashi T, Zhang Z, Du J, Leng Y. Ultrafast dynamics of multi-exciton state coupled to coherent vibration in zinc chlorin aggregates for artificial photosynthesis. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:29667-29675. [PMID: 29221004 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.029667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast vibronic dynamics induced by the interaction of the Frenkel exciton with the coherent molecular vibrations in a layer-structured zinc chlorin aggregates prepared for artificial photosynthesis have been studied by 7.1 fs real-time vibrational spectroscopy with multi-spectrum detection. The fast decay of 100 ± 5fs is ascribed to the relaxation from the higher multi-exciton state (MES) to the one-exciton state, and the slow one of 863 ± 70fs is assigned to the relaxation from Q-exciton state to the dark nonfluorescent charge-transfer (CT) state, respectively. In addition, the wavelength dependences of the exciton-vibration coupling strength are found to follow the zeroth derivative of the transient absorption spectra of the exciton. It could be explained in term of the transition dipole moment modulated by dynamic intensity borrowing between the B transition and the Q transition through the vibronic interactions.
Collapse
|
7
|
Du J, Yuan W, Xing X, Miyatake T, Tamiaki H, Kobayashi T, Leng Y. Spectral modulation observed in artificial photosynthetic complexes by real-time vibrational spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
8
|
Light harvesting in phototrophic bacteria: structure and function. Biochem J 2017; 474:2107-2131. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review serves as an introduction to the variety of light-harvesting (LH) structures present in phototrophic prokaryotes. It provides an overview of the LH complexes of purple bacteria, green sulfur bacteria (GSB), acidobacteria, filamentous anoxygenic phototrophs (FAP), and cyanobacteria. Bacteria have adapted their LH systems for efficient operation under a multitude of different habitats and light qualities, performing both oxygenic (oxygen-evolving) and anoxygenic (non-oxygen-evolving) photosynthesis. For each LH system, emphasis is placed on the overall architecture of the pigment–protein complex, as well as any relevant information on energy transfer rates and pathways. This review addresses also some of the more recent findings in the field, such as the structure of the CsmA chlorosome baseplate and the whole-cell kinetics of energy transfer in GSB, while also pointing out some areas in need of further investigation.
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Miyatake T, Takamori Y, Yamaguchi K. Synthesis of zinc chlorin–spiropyran dyads and their self-aggregation properties. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2015.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
11
|
Shinozaki Y, Ohkubo K, Fukuzumi S, Sugawa K, Otsuki J. Cyclic Tetramers of Zinc Chlorophylls as a Coupled Light-Harvesting Antenna-Charge-Separation System. Chemistry 2015; 22:1165-76. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinao Shinozaki
- College of Science and Technology; Nihon University; 1-8-14 Kanda Surugadai Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-8308 Japan
| | - Kei Ohkubo
- Department of Material and Life Science; Graduate School of Engineering, ALCA and SENTAN, JST; Osaka University; 2-1 Yamada-oka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Meijo University; ALCA and SENTAN, JST Nagoya Aichi 468-0073 Japan
| | - Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Material and Life Science; Graduate School of Engineering, ALCA and SENTAN, JST; Osaka University; 2-1 Yamada-oka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- Department of Bioinspired Science; Ewha Womans University; Seoul 120-750 Korea
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Meijo University; ALCA and SENTAN, JST Nagoya Aichi 468-0073 Japan
| | - Kosuke Sugawa
- College of Science and Technology; Nihon University; 1-8-14 Kanda Surugadai Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-8308 Japan
| | - Joe Otsuki
- College of Science and Technology; Nihon University; 1-8-14 Kanda Surugadai Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-8308 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Han D, Du J, Kobayashi T, Miyatake T, Tamiaki H, Li Y, Leng Y. Excitonic Relaxation and Coherent Vibrational Dynamics in Zinc Chlorin Aggregates for Artificial Photosynthetic Systems. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:12265-73. [PMID: 26307640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b06214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongjia Han
- State
Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of
Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Juan Du
- State
Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of
Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Takayoshi Kobayashi
- Advanced
Ultrafast Laser Research Center, University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1, Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
- JST, CREST, K’s Gobancho, 7 Gobancho,
Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0076 Japan
| | - Tomohiro Miyatake
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Shiga 520-2194, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Department
of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yanyan Li
- State
Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of
Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Yuxin Leng
- State
Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of
Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- FSA
Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kell A, Chen J, Jassas M, Tang JKH, Jankowiak R. Alternative Excitonic Structure in the Baseplate (BChl a-CsmA Complex) of the Chlorosome from Chlorobaculum tepidum. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:2702-2707. [PMID: 26266851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the photosynthetic green sulfur bacterium Chlorobaculum tepidum, the baseplate mediates excitation energy transfer from the light-harvesting chlorosome to the Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO) complex and subsequently toward the reaction center (RC). Literature data suggest that the baseplate is a 2D lattice of BChl a-CsmA dimers. However, recently, it has been proposed, using 2D electronic spectroscopy (2DES) at 77 K, that at least four excitonically coupled BChl a are in close contact within the baseplate structure [ Dostál , J. ; et al., J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2014 , 5 , 1743 ]. This finding is tested via hole burning (HB) spectroscopy (5 K). Our results indicate that the four excitonic states identified by 2DES likely correspond to contamination of the baseplate with the FMO antenna and possibly the RC. In contrast, HB reveals a different excitonic structure of the baseplate chromophores, where excitation is transferred to a localized trap state near 818 nm via exciton hopping, which leads to emission near 826 nm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joseph Kuo-Hsiang Tang
- ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts 01610, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wahadoszamen M, Margalit I, Ara AM, van Grondelle R, Noy D. The role of charge-transfer states in energy transfer and dissipation within natural and artificial bacteriochlorophyll proteins. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5287. [PMID: 25342121 PMCID: PMC4255223 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how specific protein environments affect the mechanisms of non-radiative energy dissipation within densely assembled chlorophylls in photosynthetic protein complexes is of great interest to the construction of bioinspired solar energy conversion devices. Mixing of charge-transfer and excitonic states in excitonically interacting chlorophylls was implicated in shortening excited states lifetimes but its relevance to active control of energy dissipation in natural systems is under considerable debate. Here we show that the degree of fluorescence quenching in two similar pairs of excitonically interacting bacteriochlorophyll derivatives is directly associated with increasing charge transfer character in the excited state, and that the protein environment may control non-radiative dissipation by affecting the mixing of charge transfer and excitonic states. The capability of local protein environments to determine the fate of excited states, and thereby to confer different functionalities to excitonically coupled dimers substantiates the dimer as the basic functional element of photosynthetic enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Wahadoszamen
- 1] Section of Biophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands [2] Department of Physics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Iris Margalit
- 1] Plant Sciences Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel [2] Migal-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat-Shmona 1101602, Israel
| | - Anjue Mane Ara
- 1] Section of Biophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands [2] Department of Physics, Jagannath University, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh
| | - Rienk van Grondelle
- Section of Biophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Dror Noy
- Migal-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat-Shmona 1101602, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shrestha K, González-Delgado JM, Blew JH, Jakubikova E. Electronic Structure of Covalently Linked Zinc Bacteriochlorin Molecular Arrays: Insights into Molecular Design for NIR Light Harvesting. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:9901-13. [DOI: 10.1021/jp507749c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kushal Shrestha
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Jessica M. González-Delgado
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - James H. Blew
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Elena Jakubikova
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fujita T, Huh J, Saikin SK, Brookes JC, Aspuru-Guzik A. Theoretical characterization of excitation energy transfer in chlorosome light-harvesting antennae from green sulfur bacteria. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2014; 120:273-289. [PMID: 24504540 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-014-9978-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a theoretical study of excitation dynamics in the chlorosome antenna complex of green photosynthetic bacteria based on a recently proposed model for the molecular assembly. Our model for the excitation energy transfer (EET) throughout the antenna combines a stochastic time propagation of the excitonic wave function with molecular dynamics simulations of the supramolecular structure and electronic structure calculations of the excited states. We characterized the optical properties of the chlorosome with absorption, circular dichroism and fluorescence polarization anisotropy decay spectra. The simulation results for the excitation dynamics reveal a detailed picture of the EET in the chlorosome. Coherent energy transfer is significant only for the first 50 fs after the initial excitation, and the wavelike motion of the exciton is completely damped at 100 fs. Characteristic time constants of incoherent energy transfer, subsequently, vary from 1 ps to several tens of ps. We assign the time scales of the EET to specific physical processes by comparing our results with the data obtained from time-resolved spectroscopy experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takatoshi Fujita
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pšenčík J, Butcher SJ, Tuma R. Chlorosomes: Structure, Function and Assembly. THE STRUCTURAL BASIS OF BIOLOGICAL ENERGY GENERATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-8742-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
|
18
|
Ananda Rao B, Yesudas K, Siva Kumar G, Bhanuprakash K, Jayathirtha Rao V, Sharma GD, Singh SP. Application of solution processable squaraine dyes as electron donors for organic bulk-heterojunction solar cells. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2013; 12:1688-99. [DOI: 10.1039/c3pp50087j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
19
|
Patwardhan S, Sengupta S, Siebbeles LDA, Würthner F, Grozema FC. Efficient Charge Transport in Semisynthetic Zinc Chlorin Dye Assemblies. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:16147-50. [DOI: 10.1021/ja3075192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Patwardhan
- Optoelectronic Materials Section,
Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL, Delft, The
Netherlands
| | - Sanchita Sengupta
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie
and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg,
Germany
| | - Laurens D. A. Siebbeles
- Optoelectronic Materials Section,
Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL, Delft, The
Netherlands
| | - Frank Würthner
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie
and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg,
Germany
| | - Ferdinand C. Grozema
- Optoelectronic Materials Section,
Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL, Delft, The
Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Frischmann PD, Mahata K, Würthner F. Powering the future of molecular artificial photosynthesis with light-harvesting metallosupramolecular dye assemblies. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 42:1847-70. [PMID: 22850767 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35223k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 402] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chemical ingenuity will play a significant role in solving the greatest challenge currently facing society: providing clean and carbon neutral energy for all of humanity. Molecular artificial photosynthesis is an emerging technology based on principles learned from Nature where individual components perform the essential light-harvesting, charge-separation, and water splitting functions to store solar energy in the form of chemical bonds. This tutorial review focuses specifically on the application of metallosupramolecular self-assembly strategies to interface solar fuel catalysts with photosensitizers and construct light-harvesting antennae capable of achieving panchromatic absorption and directional energy concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Frischmann
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ganapathy S, Oostergetel GT, Reus M, Tsukatani Y, Gomez Maqueo Chew A, Buda F, Bryant DA, Holzwarth AR, de Groot HJM. Structural variability in wild-type and bchQ bchR mutant chlorosomes of the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobaculum tepidum. Biochemistry 2012; 51:4488-98. [PMID: 22577986 DOI: 10.1021/bi201817x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The self-aggregated state of bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) c molecules in chlorosomes belonging to a bchQ bchR mutant of the green sulfur bacteria Chlorobaculum tepidum, which mostly produces a single 17(2)-farnesyl-(R)-[8-ethyl,12-methyl]BChl c homologue, was characterized by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and high-resolution electron microscopy. A nearly complete (1)H and (13)C chemical shift assignment was obtained from well-resolved homonuclear (13)C-(13)C and heteronuclear (1)H-(13)C NMR data sets collected from (13)C-enriched chlorosome preparations. Pronounced doubling (1:1) of specific (13)C and (1)H resonances revealed the presence of two distinct and nonequivalent BChl c components, attributed to all syn- and all anti-coordinated parallel stacks, depending on the rotation of the macrocycle with respect to the 3(1)-methyl group. Steric hindrance from the 20-methyl functionality induces structural differences between the syn and anti forms. A weak but significant and reproducible reflection at 1/0.69 nm(-1) in the direction perpendicular to the curvature of cylindrical segments observed with electron microscopy also suggests parallel stacking of BChl c molecules, though the observed lamellar spacing of 2.4 nm suggests weaker packing than for wild-type chlorosomes. We propose that relaxation of the pseudosymmetry observed for the wild type and a related BChl d mutant leads to extended domains of alternating syn and anti stacks in the bchQ bchR chlorosomes. Domains can be joined to form cylinders by helical syn-anti transition trajectories. The phase separation in domains on the cylindrical surface represents a basic mechanism for establishing suprastructural heterogeneity in an otherwise uniform supramolecular scaffolding framework that is well-ordered at the molecular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swapna Ganapathy
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Deing KC, Mayerhöffer U, Würthner F, Meerholz K. Aggregation-dependent photovoltaic properties of squaraine/PC61BM bulk heterojunctions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:8328-34. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp40789b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
23
|
Tian Y, Camacho R, Thomsson D, Reus M, Holzwarth AR, Scheblykin IG. Organization of bacteriochlorophylls in individual chlorosomes from Chlorobaculum tepidum studied by 2-dimensional polarization fluorescence microscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:17192-9. [PMID: 21923120 DOI: 10.1021/ja2019959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chlorosomes are the largest and most efficient natural light-harvesting systems and contain supramolecular assemblies of bacteriochlorophylls that are organized without proteins. Despite a recent structure determination for chlorosomes from Chlorobaculum tepidum (Ganapathy Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2009, 106, 8525), the issue of a possible large structural disorder is still discussed controversially. We have studied individual chlorosomes prepared under very carefully controlled growth condition by a novel 2-dimensional polarization single molecule imaging technique giving polarization information for both fluorescence excitation and emission simultaneously. Contrary to the existing literature data, the polarization degree or modulation depth (M) for both excitation (absorption) and emission (fluorescence) showed extremely narrow distributions. The fluorescence was always highly polarized with M ≈ 0.77, independent of the excitation wavelength. Moreover, the fluorescence spectra of individual chlorosomes were identical within the error limits. These results lead us to conclude that all chlorosomes possess the same type of internal organization in terms of the arrangement of the bacteriochlorophyll c transition dipole moments and their total excitonic transition dipole possess a cylindrical symmetry in agreement with the previously suggested concentric multitubular chlorophyll aggregate organization (Ganapathy Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2009, 106, 8525).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Tian
- Chemical Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Vlaming SM, Bloemsma EA, Nietiadi ML, Knoester J. Disorder-induced exciton localization and violation of optical selection rules in supramolecular nanotubes. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:114507. [PMID: 21428632 DOI: 10.1063/1.3528993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Using numerical simulations, we study the effect of disorder on the optical properties of cylindrical aggregates of molecules with strong excitation transfer interactions. The exciton states and the energy transport properties of such molecular nanotubes attract considerable interest for application in artificial light-harvesting systems and energy transport wires. In the absence of disorder, such nanotubes exhibit two optical absorption peaks, resulting from three super-radiant exciton states, one polarized along the axis of the cylinder, the other two (degenerate) polarized perpendicular to this axis. These selection rules, imposed by the cylindrical symmetry, break down in the presence of disorder in the molecular transition energies, due to the fact that the exciton states localize and no longer wrap completely around the tube. We show that the important parameter is the ratio of the exciton localization length and the tube's circumference. When this ratio decreases, the distribution of polarization angles of the exciton states changes from a two-peak structure (at zero and ninety degrees) to a single peak determined by the orientation of individual molecules within the tube. This is also reflected in a qualitative change of the absorption spectrum. The latter agrees with recent experimental findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Vlaming
- Centre for Theoretical Physics and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Unexpected formation of (Z)-3-(halomethylene)isoindolinones from gem-dihalovinylbenzonitriles: efficient synthesis of enyne-containing isoindolinones. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.03.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
26
|
Sengupta S, Uemura S, Patwardhan S, Huber V, Grozema FC, Siebbeles LDA, Baumeister U, Würthner F. Columnar Mesophases Based on Zinc Chlorophyll Derivatives Functionalized with Peripheral Dendron Wedges. Chemistry 2011; 17:5300-10. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanchita Sengupta
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie and Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), Fax: (+49) 931‐31‐84756
| | - Shinobu Uemura
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie and Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), Fax: (+49) 931‐31‐84756
| | - Sameer Patwardhan
- OptoElectronic Materials Section, DelftChemTech, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft (The Netherlands)
| | - Valerie Huber
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie and Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), Fax: (+49) 931‐31‐84756
| | - Ferdinand C. Grozema
- OptoElectronic Materials Section, DelftChemTech, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft (The Netherlands)
| | - Laurens D. A. Siebbeles
- OptoElectronic Materials Section, DelftChemTech, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft (The Netherlands)
| | - Ute Baumeister
- Martin‐Luther‐Universität Halle‐Wittenberg, Institut für Chemie, Physikalische Chemie, von‐Danckelmann‐Platz 4, 06120 Halle (Germany)
| | - Frank Würthner
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie and Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), Fax: (+49) 931‐31‐84756
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Würthner F, Kaiser TE, Saha-Möller CR. J-Aggregate: von ihrer zufälligen Entdeckung bis zum gezielten supramolekularen Aufbau funktioneller Farbstoffmaterialien. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201002307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
28
|
Würthner F, Kaiser TE, Saha-Möller CR. J-Aggregates: From Serendipitous Discovery to Supramolecular Engineering of Functional Dye Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:3376-410. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201002307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1790] [Impact Index Per Article: 137.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
29
|
Mass O, Pandithavidana DR, Ptaszek M, Santiago K, Springer JW, Jiao J, Tang Q, Kirmaier C, Bocian DF, Holten D, Lindsey JS. De novo synthesis and properties of analogues of the self-assembling chlorosomal bacteriochlorophylls. NEW J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1nj20611g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
30
|
Lindsey JS, Mass O, Chen CY. Tapping the near-infrared spectral region with bacteriochlorin arrays. NEW J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0nj00977f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
31
|
Self-aggregates of natural chlorophylls and their synthetic analogues in aqueous media for making light-harvesting systems. Coord Chem Rev 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
32
|
Kataoka Y, Shibata Y, Tamiaki H. Intramolecular Excitation Energy Transfer from Visible-light Absorbing Chlorophyll Derivatives to a Near-infrared-light Emitting Boron Dipyrromethene Moiety. CHEM LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2010.953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
33
|
Alster J, Polívka T, Arellano J, Chábera P, Vácha F, Pšenčík J. β-Carotene to bacteriochlorophyll c energy transfer in self-assembled aggregates mimicking chlorosomes. Chem Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2010.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
34
|
Oostergetel GT, van Amerongen H, Boekema EJ. The chlorosome: a prototype for efficient light harvesting in photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2010; 104:245-55. [PMID: 20130996 PMCID: PMC2882566 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-010-9533-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Accepted: 01/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Three phyla of bacteria include phototrophs that contain unique antenna systems, chlorosomes, as the principal light-harvesting apparatus. Chlorosomes are the largest known supramolecular antenna systems and contain hundreds of thousands of BChl c/d/e molecules enclosed by a single membrane leaflet and a baseplate. The BChl pigments are organized via self-assembly and do not require proteins to provide a scaffold for efficient light harvesting. Their excitation energy flows via a small protein, CsmA embedded in the baseplate to the photosynthetic reaction centres. Chlorosomes allow for photosynthesis at very low light intensities by ultra-rapid transfer of excitations to reaction centres and enable organisms with chlorosomes to live at extraordinarily low light intensities under which no other phototrophic organisms can grow. This article reviews several aspects of chlorosomes: the supramolecular and molecular organizations and the light-harvesting and spectroscopic properties. In addition, it provides some novel information about the organization of the baseplate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gert T. Oostergetel
- Biophysical Chemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences & Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Herbert van Amerongen
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8128, 6700 ET Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Egbert J. Boekema
- Biophysical Chemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences & Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Alternating syn-anti bacteriochlorophylls form concentric helical nanotubes in chlorosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:8525-30. [PMID: 19435848 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0903534106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorosomes are the largest and most efficient light-harvesting antennae found in nature, and they are constructed from hundreds of thousands of self-assembled bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) c, d, or e pigments. Because they form very large and compositionally heterogeneous organelles, they had been the only photosynthetic antenna system for which no detailed structural information was available. In our approach, the structure of a member of the chlorosome class was determined and compared with the wild type (WT) to resolve how the biological light-harvesting function of the chlorosome is established. By constructing a triple mutant, the heterogeneous BChl c pigment composition of chlorosomes of the green sulfur bacteria Chlorobaculum tepidum was simplified to nearly homogeneous BChl d. Computational integration of two different bioimaging techniques, solid-state NMR and cryoEM, revealed an undescribed syn-anti stacking mode and showed how ligated BChl c and d self-assemble into coaxial cylinders to form tubular-shaped elements. A close packing of BChls via pi-pi stacking and helical H-bonding networks present in both the mutant and in the WT forms the basis for ultrafast, long-distance transmission of excitation energy. The structural framework is robust and can accommodate extensive chemical heterogeneity in the BChl side chains for adaptive optimization of the light-harvesting functionality in low-light environments. In addition, syn-anti BChl stacks form sheets that allow for strong exciton overlap in two dimensions enabling triplet exciton formation for efficient photoprotection.
Collapse
|
36
|
Vlaming SM, Augulis R, Stuart MCA, Knoester J, van Loosdrecht PHM. Exciton Spectra and the Microscopic Structure of Self-Assembled Porphyrin Nanotubes. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:2273-83. [DOI: 10.1021/jp808235c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Vlaming
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands, and Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R. Augulis
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands, and Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M. C. A. Stuart
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands, and Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J. Knoester
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands, and Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P. H. M. van Loosdrecht
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands, and Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Tamiaki H, Kotegawa Y, Nitta SI, Sasaki SI, Mizutani K. Synthesis of 32-substituted bacteriochlorophyll-d analogs and their self-aggregation in a nonpolar organic solvent. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
38
|
Huber V, Sengupta S, Würthner F. Structure-Property Relationships for Self-Assembled Zinc Chlorin Light-Harvesting Dye Aggregates. Chemistry 2008; 14:7791-807. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
39
|
Muthiah C, Kee HL, Diers JR, Fan D, Ptaszek M, Bocian DF, Holten D, Lindsey JS. Synthesis and Excited-state Photodynamics of a Chlorin–Bacteriochlorin Dyad—Through-space Versus Through-bond Energy Transfer in Tetrapyrrole Arrays. Photochem Photobiol 2008; 84:786-801. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00258.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
40
|
Röger C, Miloslavina Y, Brunner D, Holzwarth AR, Würthner F. Self-Assembled Zinc Chlorin Rod Antennae Powered by Peripheral Light-Harvesting Chromophores. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:5929-39. [DOI: 10.1021/ja710253q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Röger
- Contribution from the Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie and Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany, and Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, Postfach 101365, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Yuliya Miloslavina
- Contribution from the Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie and Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany, and Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, Postfach 101365, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Doris Brunner
- Contribution from the Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie and Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany, and Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, Postfach 101365, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alfred R. Holzwarth
- Contribution from the Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie and Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany, and Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, Postfach 101365, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Contribution from the Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie and Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany, and Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, Postfach 101365, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
|
42
|
Katterle M, Prokhorenko VI, Holzwarth AR, Jesorka A. An artificial supramolecular photosynthetic unit. Chem Phys Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
43
|
Huber V, Lysetska M, Würthner F. Self-assembled single- and double-stack pi-aggregates of chlorophyll derivatives on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2007; 3:1007-14. [PMID: 17366649 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200600497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The highly efficient, light-harvesting antennae systems present in chlorosomes of green phototrophic bacteria, such as Chloroflexus aurantiacus, serve as a model for the design of bioinspired nanostructured materials. A semisynthetic zinc chlorin, derived from natural chlorophyll a, is used as a building block that self-assembles into excitonically coupled chromophore stacks. Temperature-dependent UV/Vis and circular dichroism spectroscopic measurements show the reversible formation of soluble chiral aggregates of this new zinc chlorin dye. High-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy and atomic force microscopy studies reveal the formation of two types of well-ordered pi-stacked aggregates on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Huber
- Universität Würzburg Institut für Organische Chemie and Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Miyatake T, Tanigawa S, Kato S, Tamiaki H. Aqueous self-aggregates of amphiphilic zinc 31-hydroxy- and 31-methoxy-chlorins for supramolecular light-harvesting systems. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
45
|
Beckers EHA, Jonkheijm P, Schenning APHJ, Meskers SCJ, Janssen RAJ. Charge transfer in supramolecular coaggregates of oligo(p-phenylene vinylene) and perylene bisimide in water. Chemphyschem 2007; 6:2029-31. [PMID: 16178041 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200500263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin H A Beckers
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Balaban TS, Berova N, Drain CM, Hauschild R, Huang X, Kalt H, Lebedkin S, Lehn JM, Nifaitis F, Pescitelli G, Prokhorenko VI, Riedel G, Smeureanu G, Zeller J. Syntheses and energy transfer in multiporphyrinic arrays self-assembled with hydrogen-bonding recognition groups and comparison with covalent steroidal models. Chemistry 2007; 13:8411-27. [PMID: 17645286 PMCID: PMC6232843 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200601691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A number of new porphyrins equipped with complementary triple hydrogen-bonding groups were synthesized in good yields. Self-assembly was investigated by NMR spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). These artificial antenna systems were further characterized by stationary and time-resolved fluorescence techniques to investigate several yet unsolved questions on the mechanism of excitation energy transfer (EET) in supramolecular systems. For example, the photophysics of a simple D--U[triple chemical bond]P--A dyad was studied, in which donor D and acceptor A are ZnII- metalated and free-base porphyrins, respectively, and U (uracyl) and P (2,6-diacetamidopyridyl) are complementary hydrogen-bonding groups linked by flexible spacers. In this dyad, the EET occurs with about 20 % efficiency with a lifetime of 14 ps. Reversal of the nonsymmetric triple hydrogen-bonding groups to give a A--U[triple chemical bond]P--D construct results in an EET efficiency of about 25 % and a lifetime of 19 ps. Thus, there is a slight directionality of EET mediated by these asymmetric triple hydrogen-bonding units tethered to flexible spacers. In polymeric systems of the type P-D-P[triple chemical bond]U-A-U[triple chemical bond]P-D-P, or U-D-U[triple chemical bond]P-A-P[triple chemical bond]U-D-U, the EET efficiency doubles as each donor is flanked by two acceptors. Because doubling the probability of photon capture doubles the EET efficiency, there is no energy amplification, which is consistent with the "antenna effect". For these polymeric systems, AFM images and DLS data indicate large rodlike assemblies of a few hundred nanometers, whereas the components form much smaller aggregates under the same conditions. To understand the importance of the flexible hydrogen-bonding zipper, three different covalently bridged D-B-A molecules were synthesized in which the bridge B is a rigid steroidal system and the same ester chemistry was used to link the porphyrins to each end of the steroid. The geometry inferred from molecular modeling of D-B-A indicates geometric similarities between B and some conformations of the --P[triple chemical bond]U-- supramolecular bridge. Although the EET efficiency is a factor of two greater for the steroidal systems relative to the supramolecular dyads, the rate is 50-80 times slower, but still slightly faster than that predicted by Förster-type mechanisms. Circular dichrosim (CD) spectra provide a conformational sampling of the porphyrin groups appended on the steroidal skeleton, thus allowing an estimation of the orientation factor kappa for the transition dipole moments, which significantly affects the EET rate. We conclude that the flexible hydrogen-bonded linked systems are adaptive and have variable geometries with foldamers in which the D and A groups can approach well under 1 nm. In these folded conformations, a rapid EET process occurs, probably also involving a Dexter-type exchange mechanism, thus explaining the fast EET relative to the rigid steroidal compounds. This study predicts that it is indeed possible to build large supramolecular antennas and the component design and supramolecular dynamics are essential features that dictate EET rates and efficiencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teodor Silviu Balaban
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute for Nanotechnology, Postfach 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
de la Torre G, Claessens CG, Torres T. Phthalocyanines: old dyes, new materials. Putting color in nanotechnology. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:2000-15. [PMID: 17713062 DOI: 10.1039/b614234f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 509] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phthalocyanines are versatile building blocks for fabricating materials at the nanometer scale. These colored macrocycles exhibit fascinating physical properties which arise from their delocalized pi-electronic structure. This article describes why these molecules are targets for different scientific purposes and technological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gema de la Torre
- Departamento de Quimica Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kelley RF, Tauber MJ, Wasielewski MR. Linker-Controlled Energy and Charge Transfer within Chlorophyll Trefoils. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200603046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
49
|
Kelley RF, Tauber MJ, Wasielewski MR. Linker-Controlled Energy and Charge Transfer within Chlorophyll Trefoils. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:7979-82. [PMID: 17083140 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200603046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard F Kelley
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Augulis R, Pugžlys A, van Loosdrecht PHM. Exciton dynamics in molecular aggregates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pssc.200672105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|