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Clark VHJ, Yurchenko SN. Modelling the non-local thermodynamic equilibrium spectra of silylene (SiH 2). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:11990-12004. [PMID: 34002738 PMCID: PMC8153040 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00839k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This paper sets out a robust methodology for modelling spectra of polyatomic molecules produced in reactive or dissociative environments, with vibrational populations outside local thermal equilibrium (LTE). The methodology is based on accurate, extensive ro-vibrational line lists containing transitions with high vibrational excitations and relies on the detailed ro-vibrational assignments. The developed methodology is applied to model non-LTE IR and visible spectra of silylene (SiH2) produced in a decomposition of disilane (Si2H6), a reaction of technological importance. Two approaches for non-LTE vibrational populations of the product SiH2 are introduced: a simplistic 1D approach based on the Harmonic approximation and a full 3D model incorporating accurate vibrational wavefunctions of SiH2 computed variationally with the TROVE (Theoretical ROVibrational Energy) program. We show how their non-LTE spectral signatures can be used to trace different reaction channels of molecular dissociations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria H J Clark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT London, UK.
| | - Sergei N Yurchenko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT London, UK.
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Choi Y, Preston TJ, Adamczyk AJ. Data-Driven Investigation of Monosilane and Ammonia Co-Pyrolysis to Silicon-Nitride-Based Ceramic Nanomaterials. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:2627-2642. [PMID: 32853448 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
With its high strength, high thermal stability, low density, and high electrical resistance, silicon-nitride-based ceramics have been widely used as gate insulating layers, oxidation masks, and passivation layers. Employing SiN nanomaterials in anode applications also improves rate performances and cycling stability of the lithium-ion batteries. However, a fundamental understanding of the SiN synthetic process remains elusive. SiN gas-phase synthesis can be tailored with a comprehensive understanding of the underlying thermodynamics. In comparison to the characterization data available for solid-state SiN materials, high-level theoretical studies on gas-phase materials possessing Si-N bonds and comprehensive investigation of the SiN chemistry, particularly for nanoclusters, are very uncommon. Thus, we performed a theoretical study of Si and SiN alloy acyclic hydrides and polycyclic clusters to predict electronic structures and thermochemistry using quantum chemical calculation and statistical thermodynamics. Electronic properties by way of highest and lowest occupied molecular orbital energy gap and natural bonding orbitals analysis were calculated to explore the influence of elemental composition and geometry on the stability. Our studies provide characteristic data of SiN species for a data-driven approach to map the design space for discovery of novel silicon-nitride-based ceramic materials for advanced electronic and coating applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeseul Choi
- Auburn University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Thomas J Preston
- Institute for Energy Technology (IFE), Department of Solar Energy and Battery Technology, P.O. Box 40, 2027, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Andrew J Adamczyk
- Auburn University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Sinha Ray S, Ghosh P, Chaudhuri RK, Chattopadhyay S. Improved virtual orbitals in state specific multireference perturbation theory for prototypes of quasidegenerate electronic structure. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:064111. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4975322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Eger WA, Genest A, Rösch N. Thermal Decomposition of Branched Silanes: A Computational Study on Mechanisms. Chemistry 2012; 18:9106-16. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201104015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sandhya KS, Suresh CH. DFT study on the mechanism of water-assisted dihydrogen elimination in group 6 octahedral metal hydride complexes. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:11018-25. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt31230a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Law MM, Fraser-Smith JT, Perotto CU. The potential energy surface of isomerising disilyne. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:6922-36. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp40605e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Adamczyk AJ, Broadbelt LJ. The role of multifunctional kinetics during early-stage silicon hydride pyrolysis: reactivity of Si2H2 isomers with SiH4 and Si2H6. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:2409-22. [PMID: 21361329 DOI: 10.1021/jp1118376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Kinetic parameters for the dominant pathways during the addition of the four Si(2)H(2) isomers, i.e., trans-HSiSiH, SiSiH(2), Si(H)SiH, and Si(H(2))Si, to monosilane, SiH(4), and disilane, Si(2)H(6), have been calculated using G3//B3LYP, statistical thermodynamics, conventional and variational transition state theory, and internal rotation corrections. The direct addition products of the multifunctional Si(2)H(2) isomers were monofunctional substituted silylenes, hydrogen-bridged species, and silenes. During addition to monosilane and disilane, the SiSiH(2) isomer was found to be most reactive over the temperature range of 800 to 1200 K. Revised parameters for the Evans-Polanyi correlation and a representative pre-exponential factor for multifunctional silicon hydride addition and elimination reaction families under pyrolysis conditions were regressed from the reactions in this study. This revised kinetic correlation was found to capture the activation energies and rate coefficients better than the current literature methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Adamczyk
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Tech E136, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3120, USA
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Adamczyk AJ, Reyniers MF, Marin GB, Broadbelt LJ. Kinetic correlations for H2 addition and elimination reaction mechanisms during silicon hydride pyrolysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:12676-96. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp00666a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Barbato A, Seghi C, Cavallotti C. An ab initio Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus/master equation investigation of SiH4 decomposition kinetics using a kinetic Monte Carlo approach. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:074108. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3077561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Yoshida K, Matsumoto K, Oguchi T, Tonokura K, Koshi M. Thermal decomposition mechanism of disilane. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:4726-31. [PMID: 16599440 DOI: 10.1021/jp055280p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Thermal decomposition of disilane was investigated using time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry coupled with vacuum ultraviolet single-photon ionization (VUV-SPI) at a temperature range of 675-740 K and total pressure of 20-40 Torr. Si(n)H(m) species were photoionized by VUV radiation at 10.5 eV (118 nm). Concentrations of disilane and trisilane during thermal decomposition of disilane were quantitatively measured using the VUV-SPI method. Formation of Si(2)H(4) species was also examined. On the basis of pressure-dependent rate constants of disilane dissociation reported by Matsumoto et al. [J. Phys. Chem. A 2005, 109, 4911], kinetic simulation including gas-phase and surface reactions was performed to analyze thermal decomposition mechanisms of disilane. The branching ratio for (R1) Si(2)H(6) --> SiH(4) + SiH(2)/(R2) Si(2)H(6) --> H(2) + H(3)SiSiH was derived by the pressure-dependent rate constants. Temperature and reaction time dependences of disilane loss and formation of trisilane were well represented by the kinetic simulation. Comparison between the experimental results and the kinetic simulation results suggested that about 70% of consumed disilane was converted to trisilane, which was observed as one of the main reaction products under the present experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumasa Yoshida
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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Hu SW, Wang Y, Wang XY, Chu TW, Liu XQ. Gas-Phase Reactions between Silane and Water: A Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp036836g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Wen Hu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China 100871
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China 100871
| | - Xiang-Yun Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China 100871
| | - Tai-Wei Chu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China 100871
| | - Xin-Qi Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China 100871
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Hu SW, Wang Y, Wang XY, Chu TW, Liu XQ. Gas-Phase Reactions between Silane and Ammonia: A Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp035684m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Wen Hu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China 100871
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China 100871
| | - Xiang-Yun Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China 100871
| | - Ti-Wei Chu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China 100871
| | - Xin-Qi Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China 100871
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