1
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Zhou X, Zheng D, Wang Q, Xia C, Wang X, Dong W, Ganesh KS, Wang H, Wang B. In Situ Formation of Ba 3CoNb 2O 9/Ba 5Nb 4O 15 Heterostructure in Electrolytes for Enhancing Proton Conductivity and SOFC Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:41525-41536. [PMID: 37606311 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The in situ formation of a heterostructure delivers superior electrochemical properties as compared to the mechanical mixing, which shows great promise for developing new electrolytes for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Herein, in an SOFC constructed by the Ba5Nb4O15 electrolyte and Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05LiO2-δ anode, an in situ formation of Ba3CoNb2O9/Ba5Nb4O15 heterostructure is designed by Co-ion diffusion from the anode to the electrolyte during cell operation, resulting in improved ion conductivity and fuel cell performance. An abnormal phenomenon is observed that the SOFC based on the Ba3CoNb2O9/Ba5Nb4O15 electrolyte delivered a peak power density of 703 mW/cm2 at 510 °C, which is higher than that at 550 °C. Characterization in terms of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction verifies that the operating temperature affected the Co doping concentrations, leading to different conducting behaviors of the heterostructure. Furthermore, it is found that the heterojunction of Ba3CoNb2O9 and Ba5Nb4O15 can restrict the electron migration to avoid current leakage of the cell and simultaneously enhance the proton conductivity. These findings manifest the developed in situ Ba3CoNb2O9/Ba5Nb4O15 heterostructure as a promising electrolyte for SOFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomi Zhou
- Faculty of Microelectronics, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, PR China
| | - Dan Zheng
- Hubei Yangtze Memory Laboratories, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Faculty of Microelectronics, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, PR China
| | - Chen Xia
- Faculty of Microelectronics, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, PR China
| | - Xunying Wang
- Faculty of Microelectronics, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, PR China
| | - Wenjing Dong
- Faculty of Microelectronics, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, PR China
| | - K Sivajee Ganesh
- Department of Physics, Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh 532402, India
| | - Hao Wang
- Faculty of Microelectronics, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, PR China
- Hubei Yangtze Memory Laboratories, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Baoyuan Wang
- Faculty of Microelectronics, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, PR China
- Hubei Yangtze Memory Laboratories, Wuhan 430205, China
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2
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Peng F, Yuhua W. Probing into the conduction band and type of carriers/traps on red/orange persistent phosphors in vacancy & solid-solution induced (Sr/Ba) 1-xCa xGe 4-yO 9:Mn 2. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:11047-11061. [PMID: 37493509 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01513k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Long-wavelength afterglow has been a key issue in the investigation of afterglow materials. Herein, the orange/red (Sr/Ba)1-xCaxGe4-yO9:0.01Mn2+ is prepared by the introduction of vacancy induction and solid solution. The (Sr/Ba)Ge4O9:Mn2+ hardly possesses an afterglow phenomenon and exhibits only red/orange photo-luminescence (PL) attributed to the d-d transition of Mn2+, while samples with reduction of the Ge4+ content and with replacement by Ca2+ show bright afterglow emission with the peak located at about 612 nm/620 nm. The emerging broadband peak comes from charge transfer involving Mn2+ and nearby defect clusters and the bottom of the conduction band (CB). The introduction of V''''Ge creates a defective energy level above the valence band, but the ground state energy difference with Mn2+ is too large (>1 eV) to allow hole transfer, which was confirmed by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), spherical aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy (AC-STEM), charge differential density (CDD) analysis, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis, etc. With this achievement, we propose an original design strategy for long-wavelength afterglow and a more reasonable afterglow mechanism, which is of great importance for the investigation of long-wavelength afterglow materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Peng
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Optical Conversion Materials and Technology of National Development and Reform Commission, School of Materials and Energy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Wang Yuhua
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Optical Conversion Materials and Technology of National Development and Reform Commission, School of Materials and Energy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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3
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Malik J, Kumar S, Mandal TK. Reactive species specific RhB assisted collective photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline antibiotics with triple-layer Aurivillius perovskites. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy01644j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Triple-layer Aurivillius perovskites degrade tetracycline antibiotic and rhodamine B together in acidic aqueous solution. Primarily the superoxide radical generated via a semiconductor assisted dye sensitization process degrades the tetracycline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaideep Malik
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee – 247 667, India
| | - Shubham Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee – 247 667, India
| | - Tapas Kumar Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee – 247 667, India
- Centre of Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee – 247 667, India
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Androš Dubraja L, Žilić D, Olujić K, Pavić L, Molčanov K, Pajić D. Targeted synthesis of a Cr III–O–V V core oxo-bridged complex: spectroscopic, magnetic and electrical properties. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00430a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The results of vibrational, electronic, structural, thermal, magnetic and impedance spectroscopy studies are presented in the first reported compound with a CrIII–O–VV bridge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dijana Žilić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- Bijenička Cesta 54
- 10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Kristina Olujić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- Bijenička Cesta 54
- 10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Luka Pavić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- Bijenička Cesta 54
- 10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | | | - Damir Pajić
- Department of Physics
- Faculty of Science
- University of Zagreb
- 10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
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5
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Gao H, Liu Y, Wang L, Zhu J, Gao S, Xia X. Synthesis of a reticular porous MoS2/g-C3N4 heterojunction with enhanced visible light efficiency in photocatalytic degradation of RhB. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-019-03815-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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6
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Jamil TS, Abbas HA, Nasr RA, Vannier RN. Visible light activity of BaFe 1-xCu xO 3-δ as photocatalyst for atrazine degradation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 163:620-628. [PMID: 30096663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.07.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanosized BaFe1-xCuxO3 powders were prepared using the Pechini method. To limit grain growth and agglomeration, the temperature of calcination was limited to 800 °C. For all samples, the cubic form of BaFeO2.75 was predominant with minor additional phases. Cu doping was found to have a remarkable effect on the structural cubic unit cell parameter as the Cu concentration increased. As shown by XRD,the samples were in the nanometer size range (17-63 nm). However, as the Cu concentration increases, the agglomeration increases with the highest surface area for the BaFe0.95Cu0.05O3 composition, which also displays the highest photocatalytic atrazine degradation. For this sample, more than 90% degradation of atrazine was obtained at the optimum conditions (120 min irradiation under visible light at pH 11 using 0.75 mg of the catalyst). The Atrazine degradation was found to follow the pseudo-order kinetics. GC/MS was used to detect the intermediates and the reaction pathways. All the prepared samples and produced waters at the end of the experiment were found to be nontoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek S Jamil
- Water Pollution Control Department, National Research Center, El Behouth Street Dokki, Cairo P.O. Box 12622, Egypt
| | - H A Abbas
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, El Behouth Street Dokki, Cairo P.O. Box 12622, Egypt.
| | - Rabab A Nasr
- Water Pollution Control Department, National Research Center, El Behouth Street Dokki, Cairo P.O. Box 12622, Egypt
| | - Rose-Noëlle Vannier
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France
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7
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Ji C, Sun Z, Zeb A, Liu S, Zhang J, Hong M, Luo J. Bandgap Narrowing of Lead-Free Perovskite-Type Hybrids for Visible-Light-Absorbing Ferroelectric Semiconductors. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:2012-2018. [PMID: 28425290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite-type hybrids (e.g., CH3NH3PbI3) hold great promise in photovoltaics and optoelectronics due to their remarkable semiconducting properties and potential ferroelectricity. However, to date, conclusive evidence for the bulk ferroelectricity of CH3NH3PbI3 is still lacking. In this context, it is highly desirable to assemble concrete perovskite ferroelectric hybrids with the semiconducting feature. Here we report, for the first time, a class of lead-free perovskite halides, (N-methylpyrrolidinium)3Sb2Cl9-9xBr9x (x = 0-1), showing large ferroelectric polarizations (5.2-7.6 μC/cm2) and pronounced semiconducting performances. In particular, a wide tunability of their optical bandgaps (3.31-2.76 eV) enables superior visible-light-induced photocurrents (∼10 nA/cm2), which allow for assembling of the crystal-based photodetectors. Our work paves a new way to build environmentally benign optoelectronic devices based on low-bandgap ferroelectric hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengmin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Aurang Zeb
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Sijie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Maochun Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhua Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
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8
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Tee SY, Win KY, Teo WS, Koh L, Liu S, Teng CP, Han M. Recent Progress in Energy-Driven Water Splitting. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2017; 4:1600337. [PMID: 28546906 PMCID: PMC5441509 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201600337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen is readily obtained from renewable and non-renewable resources via water splitting by using thermal, electrical, photonic and biochemical energy. The major hydrogen production is generated from thermal energy through steam reforming/gasification of fossil fuel. As the commonly used non-renewable resources will be depleted in the long run, there is great demand to utilize renewable energy resources for hydrogen production. Most of the renewable resources may be used to produce electricity for driving water splitting while challenges remain to improve cost-effectiveness. As the most abundant energy resource, the direct conversion of solar energy to hydrogen is considered the most sustainable energy production method without causing pollutions to the environment. In overall, this review briefly summarizes thermolytic, electrolytic, photolytic and biolytic water splitting. It highlights photonic and electrical driven water splitting together with photovoltaic-integrated solar-driven water electrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Yin Tee
- Institute of Materials Research and EngineeringAgency for ScienceTechnology and Research2 Fusionopolis WaySingapore138634
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringNational University of Singapore9 Engineering DriveSingapore117576
| | - Khin Yin Win
- Institute of Materials Research and EngineeringAgency for ScienceTechnology and Research2 Fusionopolis WaySingapore138634
| | - Wee Siang Teo
- School of Material Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798
| | - Leng‐Duei Koh
- Institute of Materials Research and EngineeringAgency for ScienceTechnology and Research2 Fusionopolis WaySingapore138634
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringNational University of Singapore9 Engineering DriveSingapore117576
| | - Shuhua Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and EngineeringAgency for ScienceTechnology and Research2 Fusionopolis WaySingapore138634
| | - Choon Peng Teng
- Institute of Materials Research and EngineeringAgency for ScienceTechnology and Research2 Fusionopolis WaySingapore138634
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringNational University of Singapore9 Engineering DriveSingapore117576
| | - Ming‐Yong Han
- Institute of Materials Research and EngineeringAgency for ScienceTechnology and Research2 Fusionopolis WaySingapore138634
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringNational University of Singapore9 Engineering DriveSingapore117576
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9
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Tang R, Su H, Sun Y, Zhang X, Li L, Liu C, Zeng S, Sun D. Enhanced photocatalytic performance in Bi2WO6/SnS heterostructures: Facile synthesis, influencing factors and mechanism of the photocatalytic process. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 466:388-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Lv M, Wang Y, Lu L, Wang R, Ni S, Liu G, Xu X. Structural dependence of the photocatalytic properties of double perovskite compounds A2InTaO6 (A = Sr or Ba) doped with nickel. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:21491-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03522a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalytic activity is greatly improved when there is no structural distortion, which guarantees maximal metal–oxygen–metal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilin Lv
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability
- Department of Chemistry
- Tongji University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Yawei Wang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability
- Department of Chemistry
- Tongji University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Lingwei Lu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability
- Department of Chemistry
- Tongji University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Ruinan Wang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability
- Department of Chemistry
- Tongji University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Shuang Ni
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory
- Laser Fusion Research Center
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang 621900
- China
| | - Gang Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science
- Institute of Metal Research
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Xiaoxiang Xu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability
- Department of Chemistry
- Tongji University
- Shanghai
- China
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11
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Zhang G, Liu G, Wang L, Irvine JTS. Inorganic perovskite photocatalysts for solar energy utilization. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:5951-5984. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00769k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review specifically summarizes the recent development of perovskite photocatalysts and their applications in water splitting and environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Zhang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen)
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
- School of Chemistry
| | - Gang Liu
- Institute of Metal Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Lianzhou Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
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12
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A review on visible light active perovskite-based photocatalysts. Molecules 2014; 19:19995-20022. [PMID: 25532834 PMCID: PMC6271878 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191219995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Perovskite-based photocatalysts are of significant interest in the field of photocatalysis. To date, several perovskite material systems have been developed and their applications in visible light photocatalysis studied. This article provides a review of the visible light (λ > 400 nm) active perovskite-based photocatalyst systems. The materials systems are classified by the B site cations and their crystal structure, optical properties, electronic structure, and photocatalytic performance are reviewed in detail. Titanates, tantalates, niobates, vanadates, and ferrites form important photocatalysts which show promise in visible light-driven photoreactions. Along with simple perovskite (ABO3) structures, development of double/complex perovskites that are active under visible light is also reviewed. Various strategies employed for enhancing the photocatalytic performance have been discussed, emphasizing the specific advantages and challenges offered by perovskite-based photocatalysts. This review provides a broad overview of the perovskite photocatalysts, summarizing the current state of the work and offering useful insights for their future development.
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13
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Long J, Wang S, Chang H, Zhao B, Liu B, Zhou Y, Wei W, Wang X, Huang L, Huang W. Bi2MoO6 nanobelts for crystal facet-enhanced photocatalysis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:2791-5, 2741. [PMID: 24664483 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201302950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
γ-Bi2MoO6 single-crystal nanobelts with dominant {010} facets exhibit facet-enhanced photocatalytic property for the photodegradation of dye pollutants under visible light irradiation. The charge carriers are more efficiently separated on the low-index facets due to the exposure of more photoactive sites to the reacting substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlin Long
- Research Institute of Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China; School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637457, Singapore
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Ding J, Yan W, Xie W, Sun S, Bao J, Gao C. Highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution of graphene/YInO3 nanocomposites under visible light irradiation. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:2299-2306. [PMID: 24413676 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr05984g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Visible-light-driven hydrogen evolution with high efficiency is important in the current photocatalysis research. Here we report for the first time the design and synthesis of a new graphene-semiconductor nanocomposite consisting of YInO3 nanoparticles and two-dimensional graphene sheets as efficient photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution under visible light irradiation. The graphene/YInO3 nanocomposites were synthesized using a facile solvothermal method in which the formation of graphene and the deposition of YInO3 nanoparticles on the graphene sheets can be achieved simultaneously. The addition of graphene as a cocatalyst can narrow the band gap of YInO3 to visible photon energy and prolong the separation and lifetime of electron-hole pairs by the chemical bonding between YInO3 and graphene. The photocatalytic reaction with this nanocomposite reaches a high H2 evolution rate of 400.4 μmol h(-1) g(-1) when the content of graphene is 0.5 wt%, over 127 and 3.7 times higher than that of pure YInO3 and Pt/YInO3, respectively. This work can provide an effective approach to the fabrication of graphene-based photocatalysts with high performance in the field of energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Ding
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China.
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15
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Jiang J, Wang M, Chen Q, Shen S, Li M, Guo L. Synthesis and characterization of nanoporous Bi3NbO7films: application to photoelectrochemical water splitting. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra47118g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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16
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Hou YF, Liu SJ, Zhang JH, Cheng X, Wang Y. Facile hydrothermal synthesis of TiO2–Bi2WO6hollow superstructures with excellent photocatalysis and recycle properties. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:1025-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52046c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Li P, Zhou Y, Tu W, Liu Q, Yan S, Zou Z. Direct Growth of Fe2V4O13Nanoribbons on a Stainless-Steel Mesh for Visible-Light Photoreduction of CO2into Renewable Hydrocarbon Fuel and Degradation of Gaseous Isopropyl Alcohol. Chempluschem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201200289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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18
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Zhang G, Monllor-Satoca D, Choi W. Band energy levels and compositions of CdS-based solid solution and their relation with photocatalytic activities. Catal Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cy00066d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Liu SJ, Hou YF, Zheng SL, Zhang Y, Wang Y. One-dimensional hierarchical Bi2WO6 hollow tubes with porous walls: synthesis and photocatalytic property. CrystEngComm 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ce40237a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Tong H, Ouyang S, Bi Y, Umezawa N, Oshikiri M, Ye J. Nano-photocatalytic materials: possibilities and challenges. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:229-51. [PMID: 21972044 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201102752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1533] [Impact Index Per Article: 127.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor photocatalysis has received much attention as a potential solution to the worldwide energy shortage and for counteracting environmental degradation. This article reviews state-of-the-art research activities in the field, focusing on the scientific and technological possibilities offered by photocatalytic materials. We begin with a survey of efforts to explore suitable materials and to optimize their energy band configurations for specific applications. We then examine the design and fabrication of advanced photocatalytic materials in the framework of nanotechnology. Many of the most recent advances in photocatalysis have been realized by selective control of the morphology of nanomaterials or by utilizing the collective properties of nano-assembly systems. Finally, we discuss the current theoretical understanding of key aspects of photocatalytic materials. This review also highlights crucial issues that should be addressed in future research activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Tong
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Liu Q, Zhou Y, Tian Z, Chen X, Gao J, Zou Z. Zn2GeO4crystal splitting toward sheaf-like, hyperbranched nanostructures and photocatalytic reduction of CO2into CH4under visible light after nitridation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm14122h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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22
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Ouyang S, Ye J. β-AgAl1-xGaxO2 Solid-Solution Photocatalysts: Continuous Modulation of Electronic Structure toward High-Performance Visible-Light Photoactivity. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:7757-63. [DOI: 10.1021/ja110691t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Ouyang
- Photocatalytic Materials Center (PCMC) and ‡International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Jinhua Ye
- Photocatalytic Materials Center (PCMC) and ‡International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
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Clark JH, Dyer MS, Palgrave RG, Ireland CP, Darwent JR, Claridge JB, Rosseinsky MJ. Visible light photo-oxidation of model pollutants using CaCu3Ti4O12: an experimental and theoretical study of optical properties, electronic structure, and selectivity. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:1016-32. [PMID: 21158451 PMCID: PMC3216362 DOI: 10.1021/ja1090832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Charge transfer between metal ions occupying distinct crystallographic sublattices in an ordered material is a strategy to confer visible light absorption on complex oxides to generate potentially catalytically active electron and hole charge carriers. CaCu3Ti4O12 has distinct octahedral Ti4+ and square planar Cu2+ sites and is thus a candidate material for this approach. The sol−gel synthesis of high surface area CaCu3Ti4O12 and investigation of its optical absorption and photocatalytic reactivity with model pollutants are reported. Two gaps of 2.21 and 1.39 eV are observed in the visible region. These absorptions are explained by LSDA+U electronic structure calculations, including electron correlation on the Cu sites, as arising from transitions from a Cu-hybridized O 2p-derived valence band to localized empty states on Cu (attributed to the isolation of CuO4 units within the structure of CaCu3Ti4O12) and to a Ti-based conduction band. The resulting charge carriers produce selective visible light photodegradation of 4-chlorophenol (monitored by mass spectrometry) by Pt-loaded CaCu3Ti4O12 which is attributed to the chemical nature of the photogenerated charge carriers and has a quantum yield comparable with commercial visible light photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna H. Clark
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew S. Dyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Robert G. Palgrave
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | | | - James R. Darwent
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - John B. Claridge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
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24
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Li GL, Yin Z. Theoretical insight into the electronic, optical and photocatalytic properties of InMO4(M = V, Nb, Ta) photocatalysts. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:2824-33. [DOI: 10.1039/b921143h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Zhang C, Lin J. Visible-light induced oxo-bridged ZrIV−O−CeIII redox centre in tetragonal ZrO2–CeO2 solid solution for degradation of organic pollutants. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:3896-905. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01782e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Chen X, Shen S, Guo L, Mao SS. Semiconductor-based Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation. Chem Rev 2010; 110:6503-70. [DOI: 10.1021/cr1001645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6148] [Impact Index Per Article: 439.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Chen
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States, and State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Shaohua Shen
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States, and State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Liejin Guo
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States, and State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Samuel S. Mao
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States, and State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, China
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27
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Tang X, Ye H, Liu H, Ma C, Zhao Z. Photocatalytic splitting of water under visible-light irradiation over the NiOx-loaded Sm2InTaO7 with 4f-d10-d0 configuration. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2009.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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28
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Photocatalytic Splitting of Water Over a Novel Visible-Light-Response Photocatalyst Nd2InTaO7. Catal Letters 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-009-0178-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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29
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Ding J, Bao J, Sun S, Luo Z, Gao C. Combinatorial Discovery of Visible-Light Driven Photocatalysts Based on the ABO3-type (A= Y, La, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Yb, B = Al and In) Binary Oxides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 11:523-6. [DOI: 10.1021/cc9000295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Ding
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jun Bao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Song Sun
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhenlin Luo
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Chen Gao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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30
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Influence of Crystal Structure on the Chemical Bonding Nature and Photocatalytic Activity of Hexagonal and Cubic Perovskite Compounds. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2008. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2008.29.4.817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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31
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Song S, Xu L, He Z, Ying H, Chen J, Xiao X, Yan B. Photocatalytic degradation of C.I. Direct Red 23 in aqueous solutions under UV irradiation using SrTiO3/CeO2 composite as the catalyst. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2008; 152:1301-8. [PMID: 17850958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2007] [Revised: 06/24/2007] [Accepted: 08/02/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The photocatalytic degradation of C.I. Direct Red 23 (4BS) in aqueous solutions under UV irradiation was investigated with SrTiO3/CeO2 composite as the catalyst. The SrTiO3/CeO2 powders had more photocatalytic activity for decolorization of 4BS than that of pure SrTiO3 powder under UV irradiation. The effects of catalytic dose, pH value, initial concentration of dye, irradiation intensity as well as scavenger KI were ascertained, and the optimum conditions for maximum degradation were determined. Under the irradiation of a 250 W mercury lamp, the best catalytic dose was 1.5 g/L and the best pH was 12.0. Light intensity exhibited a significant positive effect on the efficiency of decolorization, whereas the initial dye concentration showed a significant negative effect. Under the conditions of a catalytic dose of 1.5 g/L, pH of 12.0, initial dye concentration of 100mg/L, light intensity of 250 W, and air flow rate of 0.15 m3/h, complete decolorization, as determined by UV-visible analysis, was achieved in 60 min, corresponding to a reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 69% after a 240 min reaction. A tentative degradation pathway based on the sensitization mechanism of photocatalysis is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Song
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, People's Republic of China
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32
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Fan XX, Yu T, Zhang LZ, Chen XY, Zou ZG. Photocatalytic Degradation of Acetaldehyde on Mesoporous TiO2: Effects of Surface Area and Crystallinity on the Photocatalytic Activity. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2007. [DOI: 10.1088/1674-0068/20/06/733-738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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33
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34
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Luo C, Xue D. Mild, quasireverse emulsion route to submicrometer lithium niobate hollow spheres. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2006; 22:9914-8. [PMID: 17106980 DOI: 10.1021/la062193v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A water/ethylene glycol (H2O/EG) system has been designed to synthesize lithium niobate (LiNbO3) powders by a mild, one-step quasireverse emulsion method. A morphology transformation from initial nuclei to flowerlike structures and then to hollow spheres is confirmed by the time-dependent experiment. The as-obtained LiNbO3 hollow spheres are formed via Ostwald ripening under solvothermal conditions, and their absorption edge in UV/vis diffuse reflectance spectra can be effectively tuned by the current morphology control strategies. This facile, efficient, and economic work provides a new route to simply and mildly synthesize hollow LiNbO3 particles and is a good initiation in the morphology control study of LiNbO3 powders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 158 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116012, China
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35
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Hur SG, Kim TW, Hwang SJ, Choy JH. Influences of A- and B-site cations on the physicochemical properties of perovskite-structured A(In1/3Nb1/3B1/3)O3 (A=Sr, Ba; B=Sn, Pb) photocatalysts. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2006.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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36
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Visible-light-driven photocatalyst of Bi2WO6 nanoparticles prepared via amorphous complex precursor and photocatalytic properties. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2005.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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37
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Hur SG, Kim TW, Hwang SJ, Park H, Choi W, Kim SJ, Kim SJ, Choy JH. Synthesis of New Visible Light Active Photocatalysts of Ba(In1/3Pb1/3M1/3‘ )O3 (M‘ = Nb, Ta): A Band Gap Engineering Strategy Based on Electronegativity of a Metal Component. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:15001-7. [PMID: 16852899 DOI: 10.1021/jp051752o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized new, efficient, visible light active photocatalysts through the incorporation of highly electronegative non-transition metal Pb or Sn ions into the perovskite lattice of Ba(In(1/3)Pb(1/3)M'(1/3))O3 (M = Sn, Pb; M' = Nb, Ta). X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption spectroscopic, and energy dispersive spectroscopic microprobe analyses reveal that tetravalent Pb or Sn ions exist in the B-site of the perovskite lattice, along with In and Nb/Ta ions. According to diffuse UV-vis spectroscopic analysis, the Pb-containing quaternary metal oxides Ba(In(1/3)Pb(1/3)M'(1/3))O3 possess a much narrower band gap (E(g) approximately 1.48-1.50 eV) when compared to the ternary oxides Ba(In(1/2)M'(1/2))O3 (E(g) approximately 2.97-3.30 eV) and the Sn-containing Ba(In(1/3)Sn(1/3)M'(1/3))O3 derivatives (E(g) approximately 2.85-3.00 eV). Such a variation of band gap energy upon the substitution is attributable to the broadening of the conduction band caused by the dissimilar electronegativities of the B-site cations. In contrast to the ternary or the Sn-substituted quaternary compounds showing photocatalytic activity under UV-vis irradiation, the Ba(In(1/3)Pb(1/3)M'(1/3))O3 compounds induce an efficient photodegradation of 4-chlorophenol under visible light irradiation (lambda > 420 nm). The present results highlight that the substitution of electronegative non-transition metal cations can provide a very powerful way of developing efficient visible light harvesting photocatalysts through tuning of the band structure of a semiconductive metal oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Gil Hur
- Center for Intelligent Nano-Bio Materials (CINBM), Division of Nano Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
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38
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Agrios AG, Pichat P. State of the art and perspectives on materials and applications of photocatalysis over TiO2. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-005-1627-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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39
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Ting V, Liu Y, Norén L, Withers R, Goossens D, James M, Ferraris C. A structure, conductivity and dielectric properties investigation of A3CoNb2O9 (A=Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+) triple perovskites. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2004.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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40
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Yin J, Zou Z, Ye J. Photophysical and Photocatalytic Activities of a Novel Photocatalyst BaZn1/3Nb2/3O3. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp048428y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Yin
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honchou Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan, Ecomaterials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC), Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China, and Ecomaterials Center, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Zhigang Zou
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honchou Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan, Ecomaterials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC), Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China, and Ecomaterials Center, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Jinhua Ye
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honchou Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan, Ecomaterials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC), Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China, and Ecomaterials Center, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
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41
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An electron diffraction and bond valence sum study of the space group symmetries and structures of the photocatalytic 1:2 B site ordered A3CoNb2O9 perovskites (A=Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+). J SOLID STATE CHEM 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2004.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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42
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Yin J, Zou Z, Ye J. Possible Role of Lattice Dynamics in the Photocatalytic Activity of BaM1/3N2/3O3 (M = Ni, Zn; N = Nb, Ta). J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp037182e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Yin
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honchou Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan, Photoreaction Control Research Center (PCRC), Ecomaterials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC), Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China, and Ecomaterials Center, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Zhigang Zou
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honchou Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan, Photoreaction Control Research Center (PCRC), Ecomaterials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC), Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China, and Ecomaterials Center, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Jinhua Ye
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honchou Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan, Photoreaction Control Research Center (PCRC), Ecomaterials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC), Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China, and Ecomaterials Center, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
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