1
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Lu F, Li L, Zhang M, Yu C, Pan Y, Cheng F, Hu W, Lu X, Wang Q, Fan Q. Confined semiconducting polymers with boosted NIR light-triggered H 2O 2 production for hypoxia-tolerant persistent photodynamic therapy. Chem Sci 2024; 15:12086-12097. [PMID: 39092116 PMCID: PMC11290442 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01609b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia featured in malignant tumors and the short lifespan of photo-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) are two major issues that limit the efficiency of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in oncotherapy. Developing efficient type-I photosensitizers with long-term ˙OH generation ability provides a possible solution. Herein, a semiconducting polymer-based photosensitizer PCPDTBT was found to generate 1O2, ˙OH, and H2O2 through type-I/II PDT paths. After encapsulation within a mesoporous silica matrix, the NIR-II fluorescence and ROS generation are enhanced by 3-4 times compared with the traditional phase transfer method, which can be attributed to the excited-state lifetime being prolonged by one order of magnitude, resulting from restricted nonradiative decay channels, as confirmed by femtosecond spectroscopy. Notably, H2O2 production reaches 15.8 μM min-1 under a 730 nm laser (80 mW cm-2). Further adsorption of Fe2+ ions on mesoporous silica not only improves the loading capacity of the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin but also triggers a Fenton reaction with photo-generated H2O2 in situ to produce ˙OH continuously after the termination of laser irradiation. Thus, semiconducting polymer-based nanocomposites enables NIR-II fluorescence imaging guided persistent PDT under hypoxic conditions. This work provides a promising paradigm to fabricate persistent photodynamic therapy platforms for hypoxia-tolerant phototheranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Lili Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Chengwu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yonghui Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Fangfang Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Wenbo Hu
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Xiaomei Lu
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
- Zhengzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Quli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications Nanjing 210023 China
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2
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Stenspil SG, Laursen BW. Photophysics of fluorescent nanoparticles based on organic dyes - challenges and design principles. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8625-8638. [PMID: 38873083 PMCID: PMC11168078 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01352b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent nanoparticles have become attractive for bioanalysis and imaging, due to their high brightness and photostability. Many different optical materials have been applied in fluorescent nanoparticles with a broad range of properties and characteristics. One appealing approach is the incorporation of molecular organic fluorophores in nanoparticles with the intention of transferring their known attractive solution-state properties directly to the nanoparticles. However, as molecular dyes are packed closely together in the nanoparticles their interactions most often result in fluorescence quenching and change in spectral properties making this approach challenging. In this perspective we will first discuss the origins of quenching and spectral shifts observed in dye based nanoparticles. On this background, we will then describe various designs of dye based NPs and how they address the challenges of dye-dye interactions and quenching. Our aim is to provide a general framework for understanding the supramolecular mechanisms that determine the photophysics of dye based nanoparticles. This framework of molecular photophysics and its relation to the internal structure of dye based nanoparticles can hopefully serve to assist rational design and optimization of new and improved dye based nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine G Stenspil
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 København Ø Denmark
| | - Bo W Laursen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 København Ø Denmark
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3
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Gill N, Srivastava I, Tropp J. Rational Design of NIR-II Emitting Conjugated Polymer Derived Nanoparticles for Image-Guided Cancer Interventions. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401297. [PMID: 38822530 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Due to the reduced absorption, light scattering, and tissue autofluorescence in the NIR-II (1000-1700 nm) region, significant efforts are underway to explore diverse material platforms for in vivo fluorescence imaging, particularly for cancer diagnostics and image-guided interventions. Of the reported imaging agents, nanoparticles derived from conjugated polymers (CPNs) offer unique advantages to alternative materials including biocompatibility, remarkable absorption cross-sections, exceptional photostability, and tunable emission behavior independent of cell labeling functionalities. Herein, the current state of NIR-II emitting CPNs are summarized and structure-function-property relationships are highlighted that can be used to elevate the performance of next-generation CPNs. Methods for particle processing and incorporating cancer targeting modalities are discussed, as well as detailed characterization methods to improve interlaboratory comparisons of novel materials. Contemporary methods to specifically apply CPNs for cancer diagnostics and therapies are then highlighted. This review not only summarizes the current state of the field, but offers future directions and provides clarity to the advantages of CPNs over other classes of imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Gill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Indrajit Srivastava
- Texas Center for Comparative Cancer Research (TC3R), Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Joshua Tropp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
- Texas Center for Comparative Cancer Research (TC3R), Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
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4
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Yang Y, Zwijnenburg MA, Gardner AM, Adamczyk S, Yang J, Sun Y, Jiang Q, Cowan AJ, Sprick RS, Liu LN, Cooper AI. Conjugated Polymer/Recombinant Escherichia coli Biohybrid Systems for Photobiocatalytic Hydrogen Production. ACS NANO 2024; 18:13484-13495. [PMID: 38739725 PMCID: PMC11140839 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Biohybrid photocatalysts are composite materials that combine the efficient light-absorbing properties of synthetic materials with the highly evolved metabolic pathways and self-repair mechanisms of biological systems. Here, we show the potential of conjugated polymers as photosensitizers in biohybrid systems by combining a series of polymer nanoparticles with engineered Escherichia coli cells. Under simulated solar light irradiation, the biohybrid system consisting of fluorene/dibenzo [b,d]thiophene sulfone copolymer (LP41) and recombinant E. coli (i.e., a LP41/HydA BL21 biohybrid) shows a sacrificial hydrogen evolution rate of 3.442 mmol g-1 h-1 (normalized to polymer amount). It is over 30 times higher than the polymer photocatalyst alone (0.105 mmol g-1 h-1), while no detectable hydrogen was generated from the E. coli cells alone, demonstrating the strong synergy between the polymer nanoparticles and bacterial cells. The differences in the physical interactions between synthetic materials and microorganisms, as well as redox energy level alignment, elucidate the trends in photochemical activity. Our results suggest that organic semiconductors may offer advantages, such as solution processability, low toxicity, and more tunable surface interactions with the biological components over inorganic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Materials
Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 3NY, United
Kingdom
- Institute
of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United
Kingdom
| | | | - Adrian M. Gardner
- Stephenson
Institute for Renewable Energy and the Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
- Early
Career Laser Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Sylwia Adamczyk
- Macromolecular
Chemistry Group and Institute for Polymer Technology, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gauss-Straße 20, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Jing Yang
- Materials
Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 3NY, United
Kingdom
- Institute
of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United
Kingdom
| | - Yaqi Sun
- Institute
of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United
Kingdom
| | - Qiuyao Jiang
- Institute
of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United
Kingdom
| | - Alexander J. Cowan
- Stephenson
Institute for Renewable Energy and the Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
- Early
Career Laser Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Reiner Sebastian Sprick
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, United
Kingdom
| | - Lu-Ning Liu
- Institute
of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United
Kingdom
- MOE Key Laboratory
of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for
Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System & College of Marine Life
Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Andrew I. Cooper
- Materials
Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 3NY, United
Kingdom
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5
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Wang H, Chen X, Chen B, Zhao Y, Zhang B. Development of a spiropyran-assisted cellulose aerogel with switchable wettability as oil sorbent for oil spill cleanup. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 923:171451. [PMID: 38438027 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
This research presents the successful development and optimization of a spiropyran-assisted cellulose aerogel (CNF-SP) aerogel with UV-induced switchable wettability, and the evaluation of its performance as an effective oil sorbent for oil spill cleanup. The aerogel initially exhibited strong hydrophobicity (124°) and showed UV-induced switchable wettability due to the photo-response structure of spiropyran. Upon UV irradiation, the hydrophobicity of the aerogel could be switched to hydrophilicity (31°), while visible light irradiation could restore its hydrophobicity. The three-dimensional (3D) porous structure of the CNF-SP aerogel combined with the hydrophobic properties of spiropyranol led to its great oil adsorption performance (27-30 g/g of oil adsorption ratio). The central composite design (CCD) was applied to optimize the aerogel and investigate the effects of raw material ratio (i.e., carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxyethyl spiropyran, polyvinyl alcohol, and nano zinc oxide) on the oil sorption performance of the aerogel. The optimized CNF-SP aerogel demonstrated a high oil sorption efficiency, particularly in acid and cold environments. Moreover, the switchable function indicated that the aerogel exhibited reusability and renewability, with the added benefit of UV-induced oil recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Wang
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada.
| | - Xiujuan Chen
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
| | - Bing Chen
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada.
| | - Yuming Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada.
| | - Baiyu Zhang
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada.
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6
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Zhang Z, Wei Z, Guo J, Lyu J, Wang B, Wang G, Wang C, Zhou L, Yuan Z, Xing G, Wu C, Zhang X. Metallopolymer strategy to explore hypoxic active narrow-bandgap photosensitizers for effective cancer photodynamic therapy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:170. [PMID: 38167652 PMCID: PMC10762066 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43890-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Practical photodynamic therapy calls for high-performance, less O2-dependent, long-wavelength-light-activated photosensitizers to suit the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Iridium-based photosensitizers exhibit excellent photocatalytic performance, but the in vivo applications are hindered by conventional O2-dependent Type-II photochemistry and poor absorption. Here we show a general metallopolymerization strategy for engineering iridium complexes exhibiting Type-I photochemistry and enhancing absorption intensity in the blue to near-infrared region. Reactive oxygen species generation of metallopolymer Ir-P1, where the iridium atom is covalently coupled to the polymer backbone, is over 80 times higher than that of its mother polymer without iridium under 680 nm irradiation. This strategy also works effectively when the iridium atom is directly included (Ir-P2) in the polymer backbones, exhibiting wide generality. The metallopolymer nanoparticles exhibiting efficient O2•- generation are conjugated with integrin αvβ3 binding cRGD to achieve targeted photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhang
- Cancer Centre and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Zixiang Wei
- Cancer Centre and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Jintong Guo
- Cancer Centre and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Jinxiao Lyu
- Cancer Centre and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Bingzhe Wang
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Chunfei Wang
- Cancer Centre and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Liqiang Zhou
- Cancer Centre and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
- MOE Frontiers Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Cancer Centre and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
- MOE Frontiers Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Guichuan Xing
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Changfeng Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Xuanjun Zhang
- Cancer Centre and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China.
- MOE Frontiers Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China.
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7
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Concellón A, Swager TM. Detection of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) by Interrupted Energy Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309928. [PMID: 37795918 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous presence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in aqueous environments has aroused societal concern. Nonetheless, effective sensing technologies for continuous monitoring of PFAS within water distribution infrastructures currently do not exist. Herein, we describe a ratiometric sensing approach to selectively detect aqueous perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) at concentrations of μg ⋅ L-1 . Our method relies on the excitonic transport in a highly fluorinated poly(p-phenylene ethynylene) to amplify a ratiometric emission signal modulated by an embedded fluorinated squaraine dye. The electronic coupling between the polymer and dye occurs through overlap of π-orbitals and is designed such that energy transfer is dominated by an electron-exchange (Dexter) mechanism. Exposure to aqueous solutions of PFAS perturbs the orbital interactions between the squaraine dye and the polymer backbone, thereby diminishing the efficiency of the energy transfer and producing a "polymer-ON/dye-OFF" response. These polymer/dye combinations were evaluated in spin-coated films and polymer nanoparticles and were able to selectively detect PFAS at concentrations of ca. 150 ppb and ca. 50 ppb, respectively. Both polymer films and nanoparticles are not affected by the type of water, and similar responses to PFAS were found in milliQ and well water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Concellón
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Present address: Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-University of Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Timothy M Swager
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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8
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Wang Z, Mi F, Li J, Chen D, Lin M, Wang X, Wu S, Wu C, Liu C. Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Sorted by Semiconducting Polymer Nanodots for Bone Repair. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:5772-5781. [PMID: 37734919 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The use of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) for bone defect repair has shown great promise due to their differentiation potential. However, isolating the BMSCs from various cell types within the bone marrow remains challenging. To tackle this issue, we utilized semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) as markers to select the BMSCs within a specific time frame. The therapeutic efficacy of the obtained Pdot-labeled BMSCs was assessed in a bone defect model. Initially, we evaluated the binding capacity of the Pdots with four different types of cells present in the bone marrow including BMSCs, osteoblasts, macrophages, and vascular endothelial cells, in vitro. Notably, BMSCs showed the most rapid uptake of the Pdots, being labeled within only one h of coculture, while other cells took four h to become labeled. Moreover, by colocalizing the Pdots with Prrx1, Sca-1, OSX, F480, and CD105 in the bone marrow cells of monocortical tibial defect (MTD) mice in vivo, we determined the proportions of BMSCs, macrophages, and vascular endothelial cells among all labeled cells from 1 to 8 h after the Pdots injection. It was found that BMSCs have the highest proportion (92%) among all labeled cells extracted after 1 h of Pdots injection. The therapeutic efficacy of the obtained Pdots-labeled BMSCs (1 h) was assessed in a bone defect model. Results showed that the new bone accrual was significantly increased in the treatment of Pdots-labeled BMSCs compared to the bone marrow cell-treated group. Our study revealed that BMSCs screened by the Pdots could improve bone defect repair, suggesting a promising application of the Pdots in bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Feixue Mi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jinchen Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Dandan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Minmin Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Siying Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Changfeng Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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9
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Rosenkrans ZT, Hsu JC, Aluicio-Sarduy E, Barnhart TE, Engle JW, Cai W. Amplification of Cerenkov luminescence using semiconducting polymers for cancer theranostics. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2023; 33:2302777. [PMID: 37942189 PMCID: PMC10629852 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202302777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic efficacy of photodynamic therapy is limited by the ability of light to penetrate tissues. Due to this limitation, Cerenkov luminescence (CL) from radionuclides has recently been proposed as an alternative light source in a strategy referred to as Cerenkov radiation induced therapy (CRIT). Semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs) have ideal optical properties, such as large absorption cross-sections and broad absorbance, which can be utilized to harness the relatively weak CL produced by radionuclides. SPNs can be doped with photosensitizers and have nearly 100% energy transfer efficiency by multiple energy transfer mechanisms. Herein, we investigated an optimized photosensitizer doped SPN as a nanosystem to harness and amplify CL for cancer theranostics. We found that semiconducting polymers significantly amplified CL energy transfer efficiency. Bimodal PET and optical imaging studies showed high tumor uptake and retention of the optimized SPNs when administered intravenously or intratumorally. Lastly, we found that photosensitizer doped SPNs have excellent potential as a cancer theranostics nanosystem in an in vivo tumor therapy study. Our study shows that SPNs are ideally suited to harness and amplify CL for cancer theranostics, which may provide a significant advancement for CRIT that are unabated by tissue penetration limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary T Rosenkrans
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 600 Highland Ave., K6/562, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Jessica C Hsu
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Eduardo Aluicio-Sarduy
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Todd E Barnhart
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Jonathan W Engle
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Weibo Cai
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 600 Highland Ave., K6/562, Madison, WI 53792, USA
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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10
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Abstract
Rapid and specific assaying of molecules that report on a pathophysiological condition, environmental pollution, or drug concentration is pivotal for establishing efficient and accurate diagnostic systems. One of the main components required for the construction of these systems is the recognition element (receptor) that can identify target analytes. Oligonucleotide switching structures, or aptamers, have been widely studied as selective receptors that can precisely identify targets in different analyzed matrices with minimal interference from other components in an antibody-like recognition process. These aptasensors, especially when integrated into sensing platforms, enable a multitude of sensors that can outperform antibody-based sensors in terms of flexibility of the sensing strategy and ease of deployment to areas with limited resources. Research into compounds that efficiently enhance signal transduction and provide a suitable platform for conjugating aptamers has gained huge momentum over the past decade. The multifaceted nature of conjugated polymers (CPs), notably their versatile electrical and optical properties, endows them with a broad range of potential applications in optical, electrical, and electrochemical signal transduction. Despite the substantial body of research demonstrating the enhanced performance of sensing devices using doped or nanostructure-embedded CPs, few reviews are available that specifically describe the use of conjugated polymers in aptasensing. The purpose of this review is to bridge this gap and provide a comprehensive description of a variety of CPs, from a historical viewpoint, underpinning their specific characteristics and demonstrating the advances in biosensors associated with the use of these conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Salimian
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Pau 64053, France
| | - Corinne Nardin
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Pau 64053, France
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11
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Concellón A, Castro-Esteban J, Swager TM. Ultratrace PFAS Detection Using Amplifying Fluorescent Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11420-11430. [PMID: 37167538 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Per- and poly(fluoroalkyl) substances (PFAS) are environmentally persistent pollutants that are of growing concern due to their detrimental effects at ultratrace concentrations (ng·L-1) in human and environmental health. Suitable technologies for on-site ultratrace detection of PFAS do not exist and current methods require complex and specialized equipment, making the monitoring of PFAS in distributed water infrastructures extremely challenging. Herein, we describe amplifying fluorescent polymers (AFPs) that can selectively detect perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) at concentrations of ng·L-1. The AFPs are highly fluorinated and have poly(p-phenylene ethynylene) and polyfluorene backbones bearing pyridine-based selectors that react with acidic PFAS via a proton-transfer reaction. The fluorinated regions within the polymers partition PFAS into polymers, whereas the protonated pyridine units create lower-energy traps for the excitons, and emission from these pyridinium sites results in red-shifting of the fluorescence spectra. The AFPs are evaluated in thin-film and nanoparticle forms and can selectively detect PFAS concentrations of ∼1 ppb and ∼100 ppt, respectively. Both polymer films and nanoparticles are not affected by the type of water, and similar responses to PFAS were found in milliQ water, DI water, and well water. These results demonstrate a promising sensing approach for on-site detection of aqueous PFAS in the ng·L-1 range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Concellón
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jesús Castro-Esteban
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Timothy M Swager
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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12
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Bai X, Wang K, Chen L, Zhou J, Wang J. Semiconducting polymer dots as fluorescent probes for in vitro biosensing. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:6248-6262. [PMID: 35971822 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01385a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) have emerged as novel fluorescent probes with excellent characteristics, such as ultrahigh molar extinction coefficient, easy tunable absorption and emission bands, high brightness, and excellent photostability. Combined with good biocompatibility properties, much effort has been devoted to Pdots for in vivo biological imaging and therapy applications, such as deep-tissue fluorescent imaging, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, and nanocarriers of genes or chemical drugs. Many reviews have been presented in these fields. On the other hand, a large number of studies employing Pdots for in vitro biosensing applications have been reported during the past few years, and there are barely any relevant reports to summarize the progress in this area. Hence, it is necessary to review these studies to promote the comprehensive application of Pdots. Herein, we introduce the properties and functionalization of Pdots, and systematically summarize the progress in the in vitro applications of Pdots, including the detection of DNAs, microRNAs, proteins, enzymatic activity, and some biological small molecules and ions. Finally, we share our perspectives on the future direction of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinnan Bai
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
| | - Ke Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
| | - Jiasi Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
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13
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Abstract
Super-resolution imaging techniques that overcome the diffraction limit of light have gained wide popularity for visualizing cellular structures with nanometric resolution. Following the pace of hardware developments, the availability of new fluorescent probes with superior properties is becoming ever more important. In this context, fluorescent nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted increasing attention as bright and photostable probes that address many shortcomings of traditional fluorescent probes. The use of NPs for super-resolution imaging is a recent development and this provides the focus for the current review. We give an overview of different super-resolution methods and discuss their demands on the properties of fluorescent NPs. We then review in detail the features, strengths, and weaknesses of each NP class to support these applications and provide examples from their utilization in various biological systems. Moreover, we provide an outlook on the future of the field and opportunities in material science for the development of probes for multiplexed subcellular imaging with nanometric resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Key
Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education,
College of Materials and Energy, South China
Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People’s Republic
of China
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | | | - Bingfu Lei
- Key
Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education,
College of Materials and Energy, South China
Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Yingliang Liu
- Key
Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education,
College of Materials and Energy, South China
Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Clemens F. Kaminski
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
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14
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Pavliuk MV, Wrede S, Liu A, Brnovic A, Wang S, Axelsson M, Tian H. Preparation, characterization, evaluation and mechanistic study of organic polymer nano-photocatalysts for solar fuel production. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:6909-6935. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00356b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review provides the guidelines and knowledge gained so far on current strategies used to prepare, optimize and investigate polymer nanoparticles for fuel production, highlighting the future directions of polymer nano-photocatalyst development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia V. Pavliuk
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sina Wrede
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aijie Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andjela Brnovic
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sicong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Axelsson
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Haining Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
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15
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Mohammadi R, Naderi-Manesh H, Farzin L, Vaezi Z, Ayarri N, Samandari L, Shamsipur M. Fluorescence sensing and imaging with carbon-based quantum dots for early diagnosis of cancer: A review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 212:114628. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Mayder DM, Tonge CM, Nguyen GD, Tran MV, Tom G, Darwish GH, Gupta R, Lix K, Kamal S, Algar WR, Burke SA, Hudson ZM. Polymer Dots with Enhanced Photostability, Quantum Yield, and Two-Photon Cross-Section using Structurally Constrained Deep-Blue Fluorophores. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:16976-16992. [PMID: 34618454 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) have emerged as versatile probes for bioanalysis and imaging at the single-particle level. Despite their utility in multiplexed analysis, deep blue Pdots remain rare due to their need for high-energy excitation and sensitivity to photobleaching. Here, we describe the design of deep blue fluorophores using structural constraints to improve resistance to photobleaching, two-photon absorption cross sections, and fluorescence quantum yields using the hexamethylazatriangulene motif. Scanning tunneling microscopy was used to characterize the electronic structure of these chromophores on the atomic scale as well as their intrinsic stability. The most promising fluorophore was functionalized with a polymerizable acrylate handle and used to give deep-blue fluorescent acrylic polymers with Mn > 18 kDa and Đ < 1.2. Nanoprecipitation with amphiphilic polystyrene-graft-(carboxylate-terminated poly(ethylene glycol)) gave water-soluble Pdots with blue fluorescence, quantum yields of 0.81, and molar absorption coefficients of (4 ± 2) × 108 M-1 cm-1. This high brightness facilitated single-particle visualization with dramatically improved signal-to-noise ratio and photobleaching resistance versus an unencapsulated dye. The Pdots were then conjugated with antibodies for immunolabeling of SK-BR3 human breast cancer cells, which were imaged using deep blue fluorescence in both one- and two-photon excitation modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don M Mayder
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christopher M Tonge
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Giang D Nguyen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, British Columbia, Canada.,Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, The University of British Columbia, 2355 East Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael V Tran
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gary Tom
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, British Columbia, Canada.,Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, The University of British Columbia, 2355 East Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ghinwa H Darwish
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rupsa Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kelsi Lix
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Saeid Kamal
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, British Columbia, Canada
| | - W Russ Algar
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sarah A Burke
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, British Columbia, Canada.,Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, The University of British Columbia, 2355 East Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zachary M Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, British Columbia, Canada
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17
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Haehnle B, Schuster PA, Chen L, Kuehne AJC. All-Conjugated Polymer Core-Shell and Core-Shell-Shell Particles with Tunable Emission Profiles and White Light Emission. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2101411. [PMID: 34018682 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202101411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Future applications of conjugated polymer particles (CPP) in medicine, organic photonics, and optoelectronics greatly depend on high performance and precisely adjustable optical properties of the particles. To meet these criteria, current particle systems often combine conjugated polymers with inorganic particles in core-shell geometries, extending the possible optical characteristics of CPP. However, current conjugated polymer particles are restricted to a single polymer phase composed of a distinct polymer or a polymer blend. Here, a synthetic toolbox is presented that enables the synthesis of monodisperse core-shell and core-shell-shell particles, which consist entirely of conjugated polymers but of different types in the core and the shells. Seeded and fed-batch dispersion polymerizations based on Suzuki-Miyaura-type cross-coupling are investigated. The different approaches allow accurate control over the created interface between the conjugated polymer phases and thus also over the energy transfer phenomena between them. This approach opens up completely new synthetic freedom for fine tuning of the optical properties of CPP, enabling, for example, the synthesis of individual white light-emitting particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Haehnle
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Philipp A Schuster
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Lisa Chen
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Alexander J C Kuehne
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm, 89081, Germany
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, Aachen, 52074, Germany
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18
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Sickinger A, Mecking S. Origin of the Anisotropy and Structure of Ellipsoidal Poly(fluorene) Nanoparticles. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Sickinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, Konstanz 78457, Germany
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, Konstanz 78457, Germany
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19
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Verma M, Chan YH, Saha S, Liu MH. Recent Developments in Semiconducting Polymer Dots for Analytical Detection and NIR-II Fluorescence Imaging. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:2142-2159. [PMID: 35014343 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) have attracted enormous attention in applications from fundamental analytical detection to advanced deep-tissue bioimaging due to their ultrahigh fluorescence brightness with excellent photostability and minimal cytotoxicity. Pdots have therefore been widely adopted for a variety types of molecular sensing for analytical detection. More importantly, the recent development of Pdots for use in the optical window between 1000 and 1700 nm, popularly known as the "second near-infrared window" (NIR-II), has emerged as a class of optical transparent imaging technology in the living body. The advantages of the NIR-II region over the traditional NIR-I (700-900 nm) window in fluorescence imaging originate from the reduced autofluorescence, minimal absorption and scattering of light, and improved penetration depths to yield high spatiotemporal images for biological tissues. Herein, we discuss and summarize the recent developments of Pdots employed for analytical detection and NIR-II fluorescence imaging. Starting with their preparation, the recent developments for targeting various analytes are then highlighted. After that, the importance of and latest progress in NIR-II fluorescence imaging using Pdots are reported. Finally, perspectives and challenges associated with the emergence of Pdots in different fields are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Verma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Yang-Hsiang Chan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.,Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30050, Taiwan.,Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Sampa Saha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Ming-Ho Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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20
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Xie M, Hua Y, Hong D, Wan S, Tian Y. Physical insights into protection effect of conjugated polymers by natural antioxidants. RSC Adv 2021; 11:1614-1622. [PMID: 35424094 PMCID: PMC8693752 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09657a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugated polymers (CPs) known as organic semiconductors have been broadly applied in photovoltaic and light emitting devices due to their easy fabrication and flexibility. However, one of the bottlenecks limiting the application of CPs is their poor photostability upon continuous excitation which is one of the crucial parameters of CPs. How to improve the photostability of CPs is always one of the key questions in this field. In this work, we found that the photostability of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) molecules can be largely improved by addition of vitamin E (VE) in bulk solution, solid films and single molecules. In solution and films, VE can not only significantly retard the photodegradation of P3HT but also enhance the fluorescence intensity. For individual P3HT molecules, with increasing VE concentrations, the on-time duration increases and the off-time duration becomes shorter. VE as natural antioxidants can not only donate electrons to the long-lived charged species but also quench the triplet states of CPs via energy transfer accelerating the depopulation process back to the ground state. The short duration time of the charged species and the triplet states provides higher fluorescence intensity. Furthermore, VE can also directly react with singlet oxygen or other reactive oxygen species (ROS) preventing them from reacting with CPs. These results not only provide an efficient strategy for improving the photostability of conjugated polymers in solution and films, but also shed light on better understanding the photophysics of conjugated polymers at single-molecule level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcai Xie
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Yan Hua
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Daocheng Hong
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Sushu Wan
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Yuxi Tian
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Nanjing University Nanjing China
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21
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Yuan Y, Hou W, Qin W, Wu C. Recent advances in semiconducting polymer dots as optical probes for biosensing. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:328-346. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01038c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review mainly summarized the recent results that used bright polymer dots (Pdots) for the detection of different analytes such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), metal ions, pH values, and a variety of biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yuan
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Weiying Hou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Weiping Qin
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Changfeng Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
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22
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Enhanced optical imaging properties of lipid nanocapsules as vehicles for fluorescent conjugated polymers. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 154:297-308. [PMID: 32707286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) have emerged as highly photostable probes for optical and photoacoustic imaging. However, the aggregation of conjugated polymer (CP) molecules upon nanoparticle formation is associated with fluorescence quenching, poor yields and mutable particle sizes. This study investigated whether the CP encapsulation within the liquid midchain triglyceride (MCT) core of lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) may achieve reduced packing of CP chains leading to a stable system with enhanced optical features. The red- and near infrared-emitting CPs, CN-PPV and PCPDTBT, showed precipitation and aggregation-induced quenching with concentrations >~25 µg/mL in MCT alone. Despite this, CP encapsulation within LNCs abolished quenching at concentrations up to 1500 µg/mL. PCPDTBT-LNCs exhibited a quantum yield of 2.8% and a higher signal:background ratio in an optical imaging phantom compared to literature reports of PCPDTBT encapsulated in PEG-PLGA nanoparticles. In contrast, PCPDTBT-LNCs had slightly lower photoacoustic amplitudes than reported PEG-PLGA systems. CP-LNCs were also stable in size (32 ± 0.7 nm) and photoluminescence over 21 days at 4 °C, 25 °C and 37 °C. In summary, encapsulation of CP within the liquid core of lipid nanocapsules enhances the optical properties of fluorescent CP.
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23
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Pan H, Tan B, Yazdani A, Budhlall B, Sobkowicz MJ. Controlling the particle size of aqueous conjugated polymer colloids and impact on transistor performance. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Abelha TF, Dreiss CA, Green MA, Dailey LA. Conjugated polymers as nanoparticle probes for fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:592-606. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02582k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this review, the role of conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) in emerging bioimaging techniques is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Fedatto Abelha
- King's College London
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science
- London
- UK
- School of Pharmacy
| | - Cécile A. Dreiss
- King's College London
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science
- London
- UK
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25
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Vaneckova T, Bezdekova J, Han G, Adam V, Vaculovicova M. Application of molecularly imprinted polymers as artificial receptors for imaging. Acta Biomater 2020; 101:444-458. [PMID: 31706042 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Medical diagnostics aims at specific localization of molecular targets as well as detection of abnormalities associated with numerous diseases. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) represent an approach of creating a synthetic material exhibiting selective recognition properties toward the desired template. The fabricated target-specific MIPs are usually well reproducible, economically efficient, and stable under critical conditions as compared to routinely used biorecognition elements such as fluorescent proteins, antibodies, enzymes, or aptamers and can even be created to those targets for which no antibodies are available. In this review, we summarize the methods of polymer fabrication. Further, we provide key for selection of the core material with imaging function depending on the imaging modality used. Finally, MIP-based imaging applications are highlighted and presented in a comprehensive form from different aspects. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this review, we summarize the methods of polymer fabrication. Key applications of Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) in imaging are highlighted and discussed with regard to the selection of the core material for imaging as well as commonly used imaging targets. MIPs represent an approach of creating a synthetic material exhibiting selective recognition properties toward the desired template. The fabricated target-specific MIPs are usually well reproducible, economically efficient, and stable under critical conditions as compared to routinely used biorecognition elements, e.g., antibodies, fluorescent proteins, enzymes, or aptamers, and can even be created to those targets for which no antibodies are available.
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26
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Gupta R, Peveler WJ, Lix K, Algar WR. Comparison of Semiconducting Polymer Dots and Semiconductor Quantum Dots for Smartphone-Based Fluorescence Assays. Anal Chem 2019; 91:10955-10960. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rupsa Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - William J. Peveler
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Kelsi Lix
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - W. Russ Algar
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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27
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Cheruku S, D'Olieslaeger L, Smisdom N, Smits J, Vanderzande D, Maes W, Ameloot M, Ethirajan A. Fluorescent PCDTBT Nanoparticles with Tunable Size for Versatile Bioimaging. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E2497. [PMID: 31390806 PMCID: PMC6695891 DOI: 10.3390/ma12152497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymer nanoparticles exhibit very interesting properties for use as bio-imaging agents. In this paper, we report the synthesis of PCDTBT (poly([9-(1'-octylnonyl)-9H-carbazole-2,7-diyl]-2,5-thiophenediyl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-4,7-diyl-2,5-thiophene-diyl)) nanoparticles of varying sizes using the mini-emulsion and emulsion/solvent evaporation approach. The effect of the size of the particles on the optical properties is investigated using UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopy. It is shown that PCDTBT nanoparticles have a fluorescence emission maximum around 710 nm, within the biological near-infrared "optical window". The photoluminescence quantum yield shows a characteristic trend as a function of size. The particles are not cytotoxic and are taken up successfully by human lung cancer carcinoma A549 cells. Irrespective of the size, all particles show excellent fluorescent brightness for bioimaging. The fidelity of the particles as fluorescent probes to study particle dynamics in situ is shown as a proof of concept by performing raster image correlation spectroscopy. Combined, these results show that PCDTBT is an excellent candidate to serve as a fluorescent probe for near-infrared bio-imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srujan Cheruku
- Nanobiophysics and Soft Matter Interfaces group (NSI), Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), UHasselt-Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Lien D'Olieslaeger
- Nanobiophysics and Soft Matter Interfaces group (NSI), Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), UHasselt-Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Nick Smisdom
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), UHasselt-Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Joeri Smits
- Nanobiophysics and Soft Matter Interfaces group (NSI), Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), UHasselt-Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Dirk Vanderzande
- Design & Synthesis of Organic Semiconductors (DSOS), Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), UHasselt-Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- IMEC, Associated lab IMOMEC, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Wouter Maes
- Design & Synthesis of Organic Semiconductors (DSOS), Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), UHasselt-Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- IMEC, Associated lab IMOMEC, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Marcel Ameloot
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), UHasselt-Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Anitha Ethirajan
- Nanobiophysics and Soft Matter Interfaces group (NSI), Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), UHasselt-Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
- IMEC, Associated lab IMOMEC, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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Shinohara A, Pan C, Guo Z, Zhou L, Liu Z, Du L, Yan Z, Stadler FJ, Wang L, Nakanishi T. Viskoelastische konjugierte polymere Fluide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201903148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Shinohara
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen University Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan Shenzhen 518055 China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen University Nanhai Avenue 3688, Nanshan Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Chengjun Pan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen University Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Zhenfeng Guo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen University Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Liyang Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen University Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen University Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Lei Du
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen University Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Zhichao Yan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen University Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Florian J. Stadler
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen University Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Lei Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen University Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan Shenzhen 518055 China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen University Nanhai Avenue 3688, Nanshan Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Takashi Nakanishi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen University Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan Shenzhen 518055 China
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA)National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) Namiki 1-1 Tsukuba 305-0044 Japan
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29
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Shinohara A, Pan C, Guo Z, Zhou L, Liu Z, Du L, Yan Z, Stadler FJ, Wang L, Nakanishi T. Viscoelastic Conjugated Polymer Fluids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:9581-9585. [PMID: 31034736 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of optoelectronic functions into viscoelastic polymers can yield highly sophisticated soft materials for biomedical devices and autonomous robotics. However, viscoelasticity and excellent optoelectronic properties are difficult to achieve because the presence of a large number of π-conjugated moieties drastically stiffens a polymer. Here, we report a variation of additive-free viscoelastic conjugated polymers (VE-CPs) at room temperature by using an intact π-conjugated backbone and bulky, yet flexible, alkyl side chains as "internal plasticizers." Some of these polymers exhibit gel- and elastomer-like rheological behaviors without cross-linking or entanglement. Furthermore, binary blends of these VE-CPs exhibit a never-seen-before dynamic miscibility with self-restorable and mechanically induced fluorescence color changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Shinohara
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Avenue 3688, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Chengjun Pan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhenfeng Guo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Liyang Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lei Du
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhichao Yan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Florian J Stadler
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Avenue 3688, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Takashi Nakanishi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
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30
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Yang X, Yu Q, Yang N, Xue L, Shao J, Li B, Shao J, Dong X. Thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-DPP based near-infrared nanotheranostic agent for dual imaging-guided photothermal/photodynamic synergistic therapy. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:2454-2462. [PMID: 32255122 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb03185a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) based organic molecules have drawn significant research attention as phototheranostic agents. Herein, based on thieno[3,2-b]thienyl-DPP (TT-DPP), a near-infrared small molecule photosensitizer diethyl 3,3'-((((2,5-bis(2-decyltetradecyl)-3,6-dioxo-2,3,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-diyl)bis(thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-5,2-diyl))bis-(4,1-phenylene))bis(7-bromo-10H-phenothiazine-10,3-diyl))(2E,2'E)-diacrylate (PDBr), with a high singlet oxygen (1O2) quantum yield of 67%, was developed. After nano-precipitation, the hydrophilic PDBr NPs present an encouraging photothermal conversion efficiency of 35.7% and excellent fluorescence/infrared-thermal imaging performance. In vitro studies disclosed the high phototoxicity but low dark cytotoxicity of PDBr NPs to tumor cells. Furthermore, PDBr NPs can effectively impede the tumor growth without noticeable side effects in living mice through imaging-guided synergistic photothermal/photodynamic therapy. Therefore, PDBr NPs could be a promising nanotheranostic agent for imaging-guided synergistic photothermal and photodynamic therapy in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211800, China.
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31
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Zhang B, Wang F, Zhou H, Gao D, Yuan Z, Wu C, Zhang X. Polymer Dots Compartmentalized in Liposomes as a Photocatalyst for In Situ Hydrogen Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2744-2748. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Zhang
- Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Macau Macau SAR China
- College of Medical LaboratoryDalian Medical University Dalian Liaoning 116044 China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSouthern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Macau Macau SAR China
| | - Duyang Gao
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical ImagingInstitute of Biomedical and Health EngineeringShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Science Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Macau Macau SAR China
| | - Changfeng Wu
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSouthern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Xuanjun Zhang
- Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Macau Macau SAR China
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32
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Zhang B, Wang F, Zhou H, Gao D, Yuan Z, Wu C, Zhang X. Polymer Dots Compartmentalized in Liposomes as a Photocatalyst for In Situ Hydrogen Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201813066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Zhang
- Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Macau Macau SAR China
- College of Medical LaboratoryDalian Medical University Dalian Liaoning 116044 China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSouthern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Macau Macau SAR China
| | - Duyang Gao
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical ImagingInstitute of Biomedical and Health EngineeringShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Science Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Macau Macau SAR China
| | - Changfeng Wu
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSouthern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Xuanjun Zhang
- Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Macau Macau SAR China
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa L. Mako
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, 140 Flagg Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Joan M. Racicot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, 140 Flagg Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Mindy Levine
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, 140 Flagg Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
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34
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Tsai WK, Chan YH. Semiconducting polymer dots as near-infrared fluorescent probes for bioimaging and sensing. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201800322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Kai Tsai
- Department of Chemistry; National Sun Yat-sen University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Yang-Hsiang Chan
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiao Tung University; Hsinchu Taiwan
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35
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Dendisová M, Jeništová A, Parchaňská-Kokaislová A, Matějka P, Prokopec V, Švecová M. The use of infrared spectroscopic techniques to characterize nanomaterials and nanostructures: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1031:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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36
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Carrara S, Stringer B, Shokouhi A, Ramkissoon P, Agugiaro J, Wilson DJD, Barnard PJ, Hogan CF. Unusually Strong Electrochemiluminescence from Iridium-Based Redox Polymers Immobilized As Thin Layers or Polymer Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:37251-37257. [PMID: 30278121 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A new class of redox metallopolymer based on cyclometalated iridium(III) centers is described, with unusually intense luminescence properties in aqueous media. We report the facile synthesis, photophysical and electrochemical characterization, supported by DFT calculations and their electrochemiluminescence (ECL) properties which, under some circumstances, are significantly greater than the analogous ruthenium-based materials. The photoluminescence (PL) and ECL of these materials are further dramatically enhanced when dispersed or immobilized as polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs). This aggregation-induced emission (AIE and AIECL) operates by providing important protection for the cyclometalated iridium(III) centers against the types of quenching processes which commonly afflict iridium-based luminophores in aqueous media. The results suggest interesting new avenues of research for the application of such materials in and PL and ECL-based detection and imaging as well as light-emitting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Carrara
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science , La Trobe University , Melbourne , Victoria 3086 , Australia
| | - Bradley Stringer
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science , La Trobe University , Melbourne , Victoria 3086 , Australia
| | - Alireza Shokouhi
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science , La Trobe University , Melbourne , Victoria 3086 , Australia
| | - Pria Ramkissoon
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science , La Trobe University , Melbourne , Victoria 3086 , Australia
| | - Johnny Agugiaro
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science , La Trobe University , Melbourne , Victoria 3086 , Australia
| | - David J D Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science , La Trobe University , Melbourne , Victoria 3086 , Australia
| | - Peter J Barnard
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science , La Trobe University , Melbourne , Victoria 3086 , Australia
| | - Conor F Hogan
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science , La Trobe University , Melbourne , Victoria 3086 , Australia
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37
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Jiang Y, McNeill J. Superresolution mapping of energy landscape for single charge carriers in plastic semiconductors. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4314. [PMID: 30333490 PMCID: PMC6193038 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06846-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The performance of conjugated polymer devices is largely dictated by charge transport processes. However, it is difficult to obtain a clear relationship between conjugated polymer structures and charge transport properties, due to the complexity of the structure and the dispersive nature of charge transport in conjugated polymers. Here, we develop a method to map the energy landscape for charge transport in conjugated polymers based on simultaneous, correlated charge carrier tracking and single-particle fluorescence spectroscopy. In nanoparticles of the conjugated polymer poly[9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-1,4-benzo-{2,1′-3}-thiadiazole)], two dominant chain conformations were observed, a blue-emitting phase (λmax = 550 nm) and a red-emitting phase (λmax = 595 nm). Hole polarons were trapped within the red phase, only occasionally escaping into the blue phase. Polaron hopping between the red-emitting traps was observed, with transition time ranging from tens of milliseconds to several seconds. These results provide unprecedented nanoscale detail about charge transport at the single carrier level. To understand the complex nanoscale structure-property relationships in conjugated polymers for device applications, new methods for tracking charge transport are required. Here, the authors employ superresolution mapping to study the charge carrier dynamics in conjugated polymer nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Jason McNeill
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA.
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38
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Doria S, Sinclair TS, Klein ND, Bennett DIG, Chuang C, Freyria FS, Steiner CP, Foggi P, Nelson KA, Cao J, Aspuru-Guzik A, Lloyd S, Caram JR, Bawendi MG. Photochemical Control of Exciton Superradiance in Light-Harvesting Nanotubes. ACS NANO 2018; 12:4556-4564. [PMID: 29701947 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic antennae and organic electronic materials use topological, structural, and molecular control of delocalized excitons to enhance and direct energy transfer. Interactions between the transition dipoles of individual chromophore units allow for coherent delocalization across multiple molecular sites. This delocalization, for specific geometries, greatly enhances the transition dipole moment of the lowest energy excitonic state relative to the chromophore and increases its radiative rate, a phenomenon known as superradiance. In this study, we show that ordered, self-assembled light-harvesting nanotubes (LHNs) display excitation-induced photobrightening and photodarkening. These changes in quantum yield arise due to changes in energetic disorder, which in turn increases/decreases excitonic superradiance. Through a combination of experiment and modeling, we show that intense illumination induces different types of chemical change in LHNs that reproducibly alter absorption and fluorescence properties, indicating control over excitonic delocalization. We also show that changes in spectral width and shift can be sensitive measures of system dimensionality, illustrating the mixed 1-2D nature of LHN excitons. Our results demonstrate a path forward for mastery of energetic disorder in an excitonic antenna, with implications for fundamental studies of coherent energy transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Doria
- European Laboratory for Non Linear Spectroscopy (LENS) , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Via Nello Carrara 1 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence , Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff" , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Via della Lastruccia, 3-13 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence , Italy
| | | | | | - Doran I G Bennett
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Harvard University , 12 Oxford Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | | | | | | | - Paolo Foggi
- European Laboratory for Non Linear Spectroscopy (LENS) , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Via Nello Carrara 1 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence , Italy
- INO-CNR , Istituto Nazionale di Ottica-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Largo Fermi 6 , 50125 , Florence , Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie , Università di Perugia , Via Elce di Sotto 8 , 06123 , Perugia , Italy
| | | | | | - Alán Aspuru-Guzik
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Harvard University , 12 Oxford Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | | | - Justin R Caram
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
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Liu J, Cai X, Pan HC, Bandla A, Chuan CK, Wang S, Thakor N, Liao LD, Liu B. Molecular Engineering of Photoacoustic Performance by Chalcogenide Variation in Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles for Brain Vascular Imaging. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1703732. [PMID: 29411945 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201703732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
As conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) have attracted growing interest as photoacoustic (PA) imaging contrast agents, revelation of the relationship between the molecular structure of conjugated polymers and PA property is highly in demand. Here, three donor-acceptor-structured conjugated polymer analogs are designed, where only a single heteroatom of acceptor units changes from oxygen to sulfur to selenium, allowing for systematic investigation of the molecular structure-PA property relationship. The absorption and PA spectra of these CPNs can be facilely tuned by changing the heteroatoms of the acceptor units. Moreover, the absorption coefficient, and in turn the PA signal intensity, decreases when the heteroatom changes from oxygen to sulfur to selenium. As these CPNs exhibit weak fluorescence and similar photothermal conversion efficiency (≈70%), their PA intensities are approximately proportional to their absorption coefficients. The in vivo brain vasculature imaging in this study also demonstrates this trend. This study provides a simple but efficient strategy to manipulate the PA properties of CPNs through changing the heteroatom at key positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xiaolei Cai
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411
| | - Han-Chi Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Rd., Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Aishwarya Bandla
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, #05-COR, Singapore, 117456
| | - Chan Kim Chuan
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, #05-COR, Singapore, 117456
| | - Shaowei Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411
| | - Nitish Thakor
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, #05-COR, Singapore, 117456
| | - Lun-De Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Rd., Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, #05-COR, Singapore, 117456
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411
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Ibarra LE, Porcal GV, Macor LP, Ponzio RA, Spada RM, Lorente C, Chesta CA, Rivarola VA, Palacios RE. Metallated porphyrin-doped conjugated polymer nanoparticles for efficient photodynamic therapy of brain and colorectal tumor cells. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:605-624. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Assess biocompatibility, uptake and photodynamic therapy (PDT) mechanism of metallated porphyrin doped conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) in human brain and colorectal tumor cells and macrophages. Materials & methods: CPNs were developed employing 9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole, an amphiphilic polymer (PS-PEG-COOH), and platinum octaethylporphyrin. T98G, SW480 and RAW 264.7 cell lines were exposed to CPNs to assess uptake and intracellular localization. Additionally, a PDT protocol using CPNs was employed for the in vitro killing of cancer and macrophage cell lines. Results & conclusion: CPNs were well incorporated into glioblastoma and macrophage cells with localization in lysosomes. SW480 cells were less efficient incorporating CPNs with localization in the plasma membrane. In all cell lines PDT treatment was efficient inducing oxidative stress that triggered apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Exequiel Ibarra
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto y CONICET, Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), Dto. Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, Río Cuarto (5800), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Valeria Porcal
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto y CONICET, Dto. Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, Río Cuarto (5800), Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), UNRC-CONICET, Argentina
| | - Lorena Paola Macor
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto y CONICET, Dto. Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, Río Cuarto (5800), Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), UNRC-CONICET, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo Andrés Ponzio
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), UNRC-CONICET, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto y CONICET, Dto. Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, Río Cuarto (5800), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ramiro Martin Spada
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto y CONICET, Dto. Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, Río Cuarto (5800), Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), UNRC-CONICET, Argentina
| | - Carolina Lorente
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata y CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Dto. Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, CCT La Plata CONICET, La Plata (1900), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Alberto Chesta
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto y CONICET, Dto. Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, Río Cuarto (5800), Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), UNRC-CONICET, Argentina
| | - Viviana Alicia Rivarola
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto y CONICET, Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), Dto. Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, Río Cuarto (5800), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo Emiliano Palacios
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto y CONICET, Dto. Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, Río Cuarto (5800), Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), UNRC-CONICET, Argentina
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41
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Poly(3-hexylthiophene)/poly(styrene) blended colloids: Exploiting the effects of composition and marginal solvent. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ali N, Bi G, Khesro A, Khan M, Lang J, Samreen A, Wu H. Hybrid AgNPs/MEH-PPV nanocomplexes with enhanced optical absorption and photoluminescence properties. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj04871a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent semiconducting conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) are promising candidates for enhanced luminescent devices and bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Ali
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Gang Bi
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering
- Zhejiang University City College
- Hangzhou
- Zhejiang
- P. R. China
| | - Amir Khesro
- Department of Physics
- Abdul Wali Khan University
- Mardan 23200
- Pakistan
| | - Majid Khan
- Department of Physics
- Abdul Wali Khan University
- Mardan 23200
- Pakistan
| | - Jiawei Lang
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Ayesha Samreen
- Department of Physics
- University of Peshawar
- Peshawar 25120
- Pakistan
| | - Huizhen Wu
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- P. R. China
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43
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Braeken Y, Cheruku S, Ethirajan A, Maes W. Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles for Bioimaging. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 10:E1420. [PMID: 29231908 PMCID: PMC5744355 DOI: 10.3390/ma10121420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade, conjugated polymers have emerged as an interesting class of fluorescence imaging probes since they generally show high fluorescence brightness, high photostability, fast emission rates, non-blinking behavior and low cytotoxicity. The main concern related to most conjugated polymers is their lack of hydrophilicity and thereby poor bio-availability. This can, however, be overcome by the formulation of conjugated polymer nanoparticles in aqueous medium. This review provides an overview of the different techniques employed for the preparation of conjugated polymer nanoparticles, together with methods to improve their photoluminescence quantum yields. For selective targeting of specific cells, dedicated surface functionalization protocols have been developed, using different functional groups for ligand immobilization. Finally, conjugated polymer nanoparticles have recently also been employed for theranostic applications, wherein the particles are simultaneously used as fluorescent probes and carriers for anti-tumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Braeken
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Design & Synthesis of Organic Semiconductors (DSOS), UHasselt-Hasselt University, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
- Associated Lab IMOMEC, IMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Srujan Cheruku
- Associated Lab IMOMEC, IMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Nanobiophysics and Soft Matter Interfaces (NSI), UHasselt-Hasselt University, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Anitha Ethirajan
- Associated Lab IMOMEC, IMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Nanobiophysics and Soft Matter Interfaces (NSI), UHasselt-Hasselt University, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Wouter Maes
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Design & Synthesis of Organic Semiconductors (DSOS), UHasselt-Hasselt University, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
- Associated Lab IMOMEC, IMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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44
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Lang J, Lu P, Bi G, Cai C, Wu H. Plasmon-enhanced luminescence in novel complex conjugated polymer nanoparticles. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:3789-3792. [PMID: 28957128 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.003789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A core-shell structure of novel complex conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) consisting of poly(2-methoxy,5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene), polyethyleneimine (PEI) is developed. PEI is used to construct CPN@PEI core-shell structure through electrostatic attraction, and shell thickness can be controlled by PEI. Small Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles (ANPs) are then inserted into CPN@PEI core-shell structure to plasmonically tune luminescence properties. The coupling structure with double polymer core-shell CPN@PEI and ANPs presents unique luminescent characters, and maximum luminescence enhancement is realized when shell thickness is 8.6 nm. The strategies taking polymer as shell material in construction of core-shell complex CPNs and tuning optical properties by ANPs shall have significant values in applications of CPNs as probes and fluorescent tags in biological science.
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45
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Feng Z, Tao P, Zou L, Gao P, Liu Y, Liu X, Wang H, Liu S, Dong Q, Li J, Xu B, Huang W, Wong WY, Zhao Q. Hyperbranched Phosphorescent Conjugated Polymer Dots with Iridium(III) Complex as the Core for Hypoxia Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:28319-28330. [PMID: 28795796 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b09721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Real-time monitoring of the contents of molecular oxygen (O2) in tumor cells is of great significance in early diagnosis of cancer. At the same time, the photodynamic therapy (PDT) could be realized by highly toxic singlet oxygen (1O2) generated in situ during the O2 sensing, making it one of the most promising methods for cancer therapy. Herein, the iridium(III) complex cored hyperbranched phosphorescent conjugated polymer dots with the negative charges for hypoxia imaging and highly efficient PDT was rationally designed and synthesized. The incomplete energy transfer between the polyfluorene and the iridium(III) complexes realized the ratiometric sensing of O2 for the accurate measurements. Furthermore, the O2-dependent emission lifetimes are also used in photoluminescence lifetime imaging and time-gated luminescence imaging for eliminating the autofluorescence remarkably to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of imaging. Notably, the polymer dots designed could generate the 1O2 effectively in aqueous solution, and the image-guided PDT of the cancer cells was successfully realized and investigated in detail by confocal laser scanning microscope. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first example of the iridium(III) complex cored hyperbranched conjugated polymer dots with the negative charges for both hypoxia imaging and PDT of cancer cells simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Feng
- Research Center of Advanced Materials Science and Technology and MOE Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology , Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) , Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Tao
- Research Center of Advanced Materials Science and Technology and MOE Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology , Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) , Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) , Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengli Gao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) , Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Research Center of Advanced Materials Science and Technology and MOE Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology , Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Liu
- Research Center of Advanced Materials Science and Technology and MOE Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology , Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Wang
- Research Center of Advanced Materials Science and Technology and MOE Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology , Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) , Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingchen Dong
- Research Center of Advanced Materials Science and Technology and MOE Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology , Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Research Center of Advanced Materials Science and Technology and MOE Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology , Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingshe Xu
- Research Center of Advanced Materials Science and Technology and MOE Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology , Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) , Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Wai-Yeung Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) , Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
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46
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Dimitriev OP. Effect of Confinement on Photophysical Properties of P3HT Chains in PMMA Matrix. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 12:510. [PMID: 28853046 PMCID: PMC5574825 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-2270-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The influence of arrangement of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) chains embedded into poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix on photophysical properties, such as electronic absorption spectrum, band gap, and photoluminescence quantum yield, of the formed P3HT aggregates have been studied. It has been found that variation of P3HT fraction in PMMA matrix from 25 to 2 wt% is accompanied with the increasing quantum yield of photoluminescence, red shift of the band gap, and structural change of P3HT crystallites. The above changes are accompanied with disruption of the continuous network of P3HT fraction into smaller P3HT particles with size ranged from several microns to several tens of nanometers. The results are interpreted in terms of the changing intermolecular packing and reduced intramolecular torsional disorder. It is discussed that the most contribution to the above changes comes from P3HT molecules at the interface of P3HT cluster and PMMA environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg P Dimitriev
- V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Natl. Acad. of Sci. of Ukraine, Prospect Nauki, 41, Kiev, 03028, Ukraine.
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47
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Nagai M, Huang J, Cui D, Wang Z, Huang W. Two-step reprecipitation method with size and zeta potential controllability for synthesizing semiconducting polymer nanoparticles. Colloid Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-017-4097-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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48
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Parrenin L, Laurans G, Pavlopoulou E, Fleury G, Pecastaings G, Brochon C, Vignau L, Hadziioannou G, Cloutet E. Photoactive Donor-Acceptor Composite Nanoparticles Dispersed in Water. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:1507-1515. [PMID: 28099813 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b04496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A major issue that inhibits the large-scale fabrication of organic solar modules is the use of chlorinated solvents considered to be toxic and hazardous. In this work, composite particles of poly[N-9'-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4,7-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole] (PCDTBT) and [6,6]-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) were obtained in water from a versatile and a ready-to-market methodology based on postpolymerization miniemulsification. Depending on the experimental conditions, size-controlled particles comprising both the electron donor and the electron acceptor were obtained and characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), UV-visible absorption, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Intimate mixing of the two components was definitely asserted through PCDTBT fluorescence quenching in the composite nanoparticles. The water-based inks were used for the preparation of photovoltaic active layers that were subsequently integrated into organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Parrenin
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Université de Bordeaux , UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (INP) , UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
| | - Gildas Laurans
- Laboratoire IMS, Bordeaux INP, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, Biologie et Physique , 16 Av. Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac, France
- Laboratoire IMS, Université de Bordeaux, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, Biologie et Physique , 16 Av. Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Eleni Pavlopoulou
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Université de Bordeaux , UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (INP) , UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
| | - Guillaume Fleury
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Université de Bordeaux , UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (INP) , UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
| | - Gilles Pecastaings
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Université de Bordeaux , UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (INP) , UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
| | - Cyril Brochon
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Université de Bordeaux , UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (INP) , UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
| | - Laurence Vignau
- Laboratoire IMS, Bordeaux INP, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, Biologie et Physique , 16 Av. Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac, France
- Laboratoire IMS, Université de Bordeaux, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, Biologie et Physique , 16 Av. Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Georges Hadziioannou
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Université de Bordeaux , UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (INP) , UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
| | - Eric Cloutet
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Université de Bordeaux , UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (INP) , UMR 5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Bât B8, Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
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Peteanu LA, Chowdhury S, Wildeman J, Sfeir MY. Exciton–Exciton Annihilation as a Probe of Interchain Interactions in PPV–Oligomer Aggregates. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:1707-1714. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b11250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda A. Peteanu
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Sanchari Chowdhury
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jurjen Wildeman
- Zernike Institute of Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew Y. Sfeir
- Center
for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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50
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Abelha TF, Phillips TW, Bannock JH, Nightingale AM, Dreiss CA, Kemal E, Urbano L, deMello JC, Green M, Dailey LA. Bright conjugated polymer nanoparticles containing a biodegradable shell produced at high yields and with tuneable optical properties by a scalable microfluidic device. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:2009-2019. [PMID: 28106200 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr09162h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study compares the performance of a microfluidic technique and a conventional bulk method to manufacture conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) embedded within a biodegradable poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether-block-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PEG5K-PLGA55K) matrix. The influence of PEG5K-PLGA55K and conjugated polymers cyano-substituted poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (CN-PPV) and poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT) on the physicochemical properties of the CPNs was also evaluated. Both techniques enabled CPN production with high end product yields (∼70-95%). However, while the bulk technique (solvent displacement) under optimal conditions generated small nanoparticles (∼70-100 nm) with similar optical properties (quantum yields ∼35%), the microfluidic approach produced larger CPNs (140-260 nm) with significantly superior quantum yields (49-55%) and tailored emission spectra. CPNs containing CN-PPV showed smaller size distributions and tuneable emission spectra compared to F8BT systems prepared under the same conditions. The presence of PEG5K-PLGA55K did not affect the size or optical properties of the CPNs and provided a neutral net electric charge as is often required for biomedical applications. The microfluidics flow-based device was successfully used for the continuous preparation of CPNs over a 24 hour period. On the basis of the results presented here, it can be concluded that the microfluidic device used in this study can be used to optimize the production of bright CPNs with tailored properties with good reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Abelha
- King's College London, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Waterloo Campus, SE1 9NH, London, UK
| | - T W Phillips
- Imperial College London, Department of Chemistry, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - J H Bannock
- Imperial College London, Department of Chemistry, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - A M Nightingale
- Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - C A Dreiss
- King's College London, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Waterloo Campus, SE1 9NH, London, UK
| | - E Kemal
- King's College London, Department of Physics, Strand Campus, WC2R 2LS, London, UK.
| | - L Urbano
- King's College London, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Waterloo Campus, SE1 9NH, London, UK
| | - J C deMello
- Imperial College London, Department of Chemistry, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - M Green
- King's College London, Department of Physics, Strand Campus, WC2R 2LS, London, UK.
| | - L A Dailey
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie und Biopharmazie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
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