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Enami S, Numadate N, Hama T. Atmospheric Intermediates at the Air-Water Interface. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:5419-5434. [PMID: 38968003 PMCID: PMC11264275 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c02889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
The air-water interface (AWI) is a ubiquitous reaction field different from the bulk phase where unexpected reactions and physical processes often occur. The AWI is a region where air contacts cloud droplets, aerosol particles, the ocean surface, and biological surfaces such as fluids that line human epithelia. In Earth's atmosphere, short-lived intermediates are expected to be generated at the AWI during multiphase reactions. Recent experimental developments have enabled the direct detection of atmospherically relevant, short-lived intermediates at the AWI. For example, spray ionization mass spectrometric analysis of water microjets exposed to a gaseous mixture of ozone and water vapor combined with a 266 nm laser flash photolysis system (LFP-SIMS) has been used to directly probe organic peroxyl radicals (RO2·) produced by interfacial hydroxyl radicals (OH·) + organic compound reactions. OH· emitted immediately after the laser flash photolysis of carboxylic acid at the gas-liquid interface have been directly detected by time-resolved, laser-induced florescence techniques that can be used to study atmospheric multiphase photoreactions. In this Featured Article, we show some recent experimental advances in the detection of atmospherically important intermediates at the AWI and the associated reaction mechanisms. We also discuss current challenges and future prospects for atmospheric multiphase chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Enami
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan
| | - Naoki Numadate
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hama
- Komaba
Institute for Science and Department of Basic Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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2
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Wilson KR, Prophet AM. Chemical Kinetics in Microdroplets. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2024; 75:185-208. [PMID: 38382571 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-052623-120718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Micrometer-sized compartments play significant roles in driving heterogeneous transformations within atmospheric and biochemical systems as well as providing vehicles for drug delivery and novel reaction environments for the synthesis of industrial chemicals. Many reports now indicate that reaction kinetics are accelerated under microconfinement, for example, in sprays, thin films, droplets, aerosols, and emulsions. These observations are dramatic, posing a challenge to our understanding of chemical reaction mechanisms with potentially significant practical consequences for predicting the complex chemistry in natural systems. Here we introduce the idea of kinetic confinement, which is intended to provide a conceptual backdrop for understanding when and why microdroplet reaction kinetics differ from their macroscale analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Wilson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA;
| | - Alexander M Prophet
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA;
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA;
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3
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Polley K, Wilson KR, Limmer DT. On the Statistical Mechanics of Mass Accommodation at Liquid-Vapor Interfaces. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:4148-4157. [PMID: 38652843 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c00899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
We propose a framework for describing the dynamics associated with the adsorption of small molecules to liquid-vapor interfaces using an intermediate resolution between traditional continuum theories that are bereft of molecular detail and molecular dynamics simulations that are replete with them. In particular, we develop an effective single particle equation of motion capable of describing the physical processes that determine thermal and mass accommodation probabilities. The effective equation is parametrized with quantities that vary through space away from the liquid-vapor interface. Of particular importance in describing the early time dynamics is the spatially dependent friction, for which we propose a numerical scheme to evaluate from molecular simulation. Taken together with potentials of mean force computable with importance sampling methods, we illustrate how to compute the mass accommodation coefficient and residence time distribution. Throughout, we highlight the case of ozone adsorption in aqueous solutions and its dependence on electrolyte composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritanjan Polley
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kevin R Wilson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - David T Limmer
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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4
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Prophet AM, Polley K, Van Berkel GJ, Limmer DT, Wilson KR. Iodide oxidation by ozone at the surface of aqueous microdroplets. Chem Sci 2024; 15:736-756. [PMID: 38179528 PMCID: PMC10762724 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04254e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The oxidation of iodide by ozone occurs at the sea-surface and within sea spray aerosol, influencing the overall ozone budget in the marine boundary layer and leading to the emission of reactive halogen gases. A detailed account of the surface mechanism has proven elusive, however, due to the difficulty in quantifying multiphase kinetics. To obtain a clearer understanding of this reaction mechanism at the air-water interface, we report pH-dependent oxidation kinetics of I- in single levitated microdroplets as a function of [O3] using a quadrupole electrodynamic trap and an open port sampling interface for mass spectrometry. A kinetic model, constrained by molecular simulations of O3 dynamics at the air-water interface, is used to understand the coupled diffusive, reactive, and evaporative pathways at the microdroplet surface, which exhibit a strong dependence on bulk solution pH. Under acidic conditions, the surface reaction is limited by O3 diffusion in the gas phase, whereas under basic conditions the reaction becomes rate limited on the surface. The pH dependence also suggests the existence of a reactive intermediate IOOO- as has previously been observed in the Br- + O3 reaction. Expressions for steady-state surface concentrations of reactants are derived and utilized to directly compute uptake coefficients for this system, allowing for an exploration of uptake dependence on reactant concentration. In the present experiments, reactive uptake coefficients of O3 scale weakly with bulk solution pH, increasing from 4 × 10-4 to 2 × 10-3 with decreasing solution pH from pH 13 to pH 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Prophet
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Kritanjan Polley
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | | | - David T Limmer
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - Kevin R Wilson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
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5
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Schaefer D, Stephan S, Langenbach K, Horsch MT, Hasse H. Mass Transfer through Vapor-Liquid Interfaces Studied by Non-Stationary Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:2521-2533. [PMID: 36896991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c08752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are highly attractive for studying the influence of interfacial effects, such as the enrichment of components, on the mass transfer through the interface. In a recent work, we have presented a steady-state MD simulation method for investigating this phenomenon and tested it using model mixtures with and without interfacial enrichment. The present study extends this work by introducing a non-stationary MD simulation method. A rectangular simulation box that contains a mixture of two components 1 + 2 with a vapor phase in the middle and two liquid phases on both sides is used. Starting from a vapor-liquid equilibrium state, a non-stationary molar flux of component 2 is induced by inserting particles of component 2 into the center of the vapor phase in a pulse-like manner. During the isothermal relaxation process, particles of component 2 pass through the vapor phase, cross the vapor-liquid interface, and enter the liquid phase. The system thereby relaxes into a new vapor-liquid equilibrium state. During the relaxation process, spatially resolved responses for the component densities, fluxes, and pressure are sampled. To reduce the noise and provide measures for the uncertainty of the observables, a set of replicas of simulations is carried out. The new simulation method was applied to study mass transfer in two binary Lennard-Jones mixtures: one that exhibits a strong enrichment of the low-boiling component 2 at the vapor-liquid interface and one that shows no enrichment. Even though both mixtures have similar transport coefficients in the bulk phases, the results for mass transfer differ significantly, indicating that the interfacial enrichment influences the mass transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Schaefer
- Laboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics (LTD), TU Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Simon Stephan
- Laboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics (LTD), TU Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Kai Langenbach
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin T Horsch
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Data Science, Drøbakveien 31, 1430 Ås, Norway
| | - Hans Hasse
- Laboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics (LTD), TU Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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6
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Shen C, Zhang W, Choczynski J, Davies JF, Zhang H. Phase State and Relative Humidity Regulate the Heterogeneous Oxidation Kinetics and Pathways of Organic-Inorganic Mixed Aerosols. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:15398-15407. [PMID: 36306431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic species always coexist with organic materials in atmospheric particles and may influence the heterogeneous oxidation of organic aerosols. However, very limited studies have explored the role of the inorganics in the chemical evolution of organic species in mixed aerosols. This study examines the heterogeneous oxidation of glutaric acid-ammonium sulfate and 1,2,6-hexanetriol-ammonium sulfate aerosols by hydroxyl radicals (OH) under varied organic mass fractions (forg) and relative humidity in a flow tube reactor. Coupling the oxidation kinetics and product measurements with kinetic model simulations, we found that under both low relative humidity (RH, 30-35%) and high RH conditions (85%), the decreased forg from 0.7 to 0.2 accelerates the oxidation of the organic materials by a factor of up to 11. We suggest that the faster oxidation kinetics under low-RH conditions is due to full or partial phase separation, with the organics greatly enriched at the particle outer region, while enhanced "salting-out" of the organics and OH adsorption caused by higher inorganics could explain the observations under high-RH conditions. Analysis of the oxidation products reveals that the dilution of organics by the inorganic salts and corresponding water uptake under high-RH conditions will favor alkoxy radical fragmentation by a factor of 3-4 and inhibit its secondary chain propagation chemistry. Our results suggest that atmospheric organic aerosol oxidation lifetime and composition are strongly impacted by the coexistent inorganic salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyang Shen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California92507, United States
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California92507, United States
| | - Jack Choczynski
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California92507, United States
| | - James F Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California92507, United States
| | - Haofei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California92507, United States
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7
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Heindel JP, Hao H, LaCour RA, Head-Gordon T. Spontaneous Formation of Hydrogen Peroxide in Water Microdroplets. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:10035-10041. [PMID: 36264238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence that many chemical reactions are accelerated by several orders of magnitude in micrometer-sized aqueous or organic liquid droplets compared to their corresponding bulk liquid phase. However, the molecular origin of the enhanced rates remains unclear as in the case of spontaneous appearance of 1 μM hydrogen peroxide in water microdroplets. In this Letter, we consider the range of ionization energies and whether interfacial electric fields of a microdroplet can feasibly overcome the high energy step from hydroxide ions (OH-) to hydroxyl radicals (OH•) in a primary H2O2 mechanism. We find that the vertical ionization energies (VIEs) of partially solvated OH- ions are greatly lowered relative to the average VIE in the bulk liquid, unlike the case of the Cl- anion which shows no reduction in the VIEs regardless of solvation environment. Overall reduced hydrogen-bonding and undercoordination of OH- are structural features that are more readily present at the air-water interface, where the energy scale for ionization can be matched by statistically probable electric field values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Heindel
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Theory Center and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Hongxia Hao
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Theory Center and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - R Allen LaCour
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Theory Center and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Teresa Head-Gordon
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Theory Center and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of California, Berkeley, California94720, United States
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8
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Hao H, Ruiz Pestana L, Qian J, Liu M, Xu Q, Head‐Gordon T. Chemical transformations and transport phenomena at interfaces. WIRES COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Hao
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Theory Center and Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley California USA
- Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA
| | - Luis Ruiz Pestana
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering University of Miami Coral Gables Florida USA
| | - Jin Qian
- Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA
| | - Meili Liu
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering University of Miami Coral Gables Florida USA
| | - Qiang Xu
- Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA
| | - Teresa Head‐Gordon
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Theory Center and Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley California USA
- Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California Berkeley California USA
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9
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Wilson KR, Prophet AM, Willis MD. A Kinetic Model for Predicting Trace Gas Uptake and Reaction. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:7291-7308. [PMID: 36170058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c03559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A model is developed to describe trace gas uptake and reaction with applications to aerosols and microdroplets. Gas uptake by the liquid is formulated as a coupled equilibria that links gas, surface, and bulk regions of the droplet or solution. Previously, this framework was used in explicit stochastic reaction-diffusion simulations to predict the reactive uptake kinetics of ozone with droplets containing aqueous aconitic acid, maleic acid, and sodium nitrite. With the use of prior data and simulation results, a new equation for the uptake coefficient is derived, which accounts for both surface and bulk reactions. Lambert W functions are used to obtain closed form solutions to the integrated rate laws for the multiphase kinetics; similar to previous expressions that describe Michaelis-Menten enzyme kinetics. Together these equations couple interface and bulk processes over a wide range of conditions and do not require many of the limiting assumptions needed to apply resistor model formulations to explain trace gas uptake and reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Wilson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alexander M Prophet
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Megan D Willis
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 United States
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10
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Hadizadeh MH, Pan Z, Azamat J. A new insight into the interaction of hydroxyl radical with supercooled nanodroplet in the atmosphere. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Willis MD, Wilson KR. Coupled Interfacial and Bulk Kinetics Govern the Timescales of Multiphase Ozonolysis Reactions. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:4991-5010. [PMID: 35863113 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c03059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Chemical transformations in aerosols impact the lifetime of particle phase species, the fate of atmospheric pollutants, and both climate- and health-relevant aerosol properties. Timescales for multiphase reactions of ozone in atmospheric aqueous phases are governed by coupled kinetic processes between the gas phase, the particle interface, and its bulk, which respond dynamically to reactive consumption of O3. However, models of atmospheric aerosol reactivity often do not account for the coupled nature of multiphase processes. To examine these dynamics, we use new and prior experimental observations of aqueous droplet reaction kinetics, including three systems with a range of surface affinities and ozonolysis rate coefficients (trans-aconitic acid (C6H6O6), maleic acid (C4H4O4), and sodium nitrite (NaNO2)). Using literature rate coefficients and thermodynamic properties, we constrain a simple two-compartment stochastic kinetic model which resolves the interface from the particle bulk and represents O3 partitioning, diffusion, and reaction as a coupled kinetic system. Our kinetic model accurately predicts decay kinetics across all three systems, demonstrating that both the thermodynamic properties of O3 and the coupled kinetic and diffusion processes are key to making accurate predictions. An enhanced concentration of adsorbed O3, compared to gas and bulk phases is rapidly maintained and remains constant even as O3 is consumed by reaction. Multiphase systems dynamically seek to achieve equilibrium in response to reactive O3 loss, but this is hampered at solute concentrations relevant to aqueous aerosol by the rate of O3 arrival in the bulk by diffusion. As a result, bulk-phase O3 becomes depleted from its Henry's law solubility. This bulk-phase O3 depletion limits reaction timescales for relatively slow-reacting organic solutes with low interfacial affinity (i.e., trans-aconitic and maleic acids, with krxn ≈ 103-104 M-1 s-1), which is in contrast to fast-reacting solutes with higher surface affinity (i.e., nitrite, with krxn ≈ 105 M-1 s-1) where surface reactions strongly impact the observed decay kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan D Willis
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Kevin R Wilson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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12
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Qian Y, Brown JB, Huang-Fu ZC, Zhang T, Wang H, Wang S, Dadap JI, Rao Y. In situ analysis of the bulk and surface chemical compositions of organic aerosol particles. Commun Chem 2022; 5:58. [PMID: 36698010 PMCID: PMC9814772 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00674-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the chemical and physical properties of particles is an important scientific, engineering, and medical issue that is crucial to air quality, human health, and environmental chemistry. Of special interest are aerosol particles floating in the air for both indoor virus transmission and outdoor atmospheric chemistry. The growth of bio- and organic-aerosol particles in the air is intimately correlated with chemical structures and their reactions in the gas phase at aerosol particle surfaces and in-particle phases. However, direct measurements of chemical structures at aerosol particle surfaces in the air are lacking. Here we demonstrate in situ surface-specific vibrational sum frequency scattering (VSFS) to directly identify chemical structures of molecules at aerosol particle surfaces. Furthermore, our setup allows us to simultaneously probe hyper-Raman scattering (HRS) spectra in the particle phase. We examined polarized VSFS spectra of propionic acid at aerosol particle surfaces and in particle bulk. More importantly, the surface adsorption free energy of propionic acid onto aerosol particles was found to be less negative than that at the air/water interface. These results challenge the long-standing hypothesis that molecular behaviors at the air/water interface are the same as those at aerosol particle surfaces. Our approach opens a new avenue in revealing surface compositions and chemical aging in the formation of secondary organic aerosols in the atmosphere as well as chemical analysis of indoor and outdoor viral aerosol particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Qian
- grid.53857.3c0000 0001 2185 8768Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322 USA
| | - Jesse B. Brown
- grid.53857.3c0000 0001 2185 8768Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322 USA
| | - Zhi-Chao Huang-Fu
- grid.53857.3c0000 0001 2185 8768Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322 USA
| | - Tong Zhang
- grid.53857.3c0000 0001 2185 8768Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322 USA
| | - Hui Wang
- grid.53857.3c0000 0001 2185 8768Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322 USA ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - ShanYi Wang
- grid.53857.3c0000 0001 2185 8768Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322 USA ,grid.470930.90000 0001 2182 2351Department of Physics and Astronomy, Barnard College, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - Jerry I. Dadap
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Yi Rao
- grid.53857.3c0000 0001 2185 8768Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322 USA
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13
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Hadizadeh MH, Pan Z, Azamat J. Investigation of OH radical in the water nanodroplet during vapor freezing process: An ab initio molecular dynamics study. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Lbadaoui-Darvas M, Garberoglio G, Karadima KS, Cordeiro MNDS, Nenes A, Takahama S. Molecular simulations of interfacial systems: challenges, applications and future perspectives. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2021.1980215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mária Lbadaoui-Darvas
- ENAC/IIE; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Garberoglio
- European Centre for Theoretical Studies in Nuclear Physics and Related Areas (FBK-ECT*), Trento, Italy
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications (TIFPA-INFN), Trento, Italy
| | - Katerina S. Karadima
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas(FORTH-ICE/HT), Patras, Greece
| | | | - Athanasios Nenes
- ENAC/IIE; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas(FORTH-ICE/HT), Patras, Greece
| | - Satoshi Takahama
- ENAC/IIE; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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15
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Li J, Knopf DA. Representation of Multiphase OH Oxidation of Amorphous Organic Aerosol for Tropospheric Conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:7266-7275. [PMID: 33974411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic aerosol (OA) is ubiquitous in the atmosphere and, during transport, can experience chemical transformation with consequences for air quality and climate. Prediction of the chemical evolution of OA depends on its reactivity with atmospheric oxidants such as the OH radical. OA particles undergo amorphous phase transitions from liquid to solid (glassy) states in response to temperature changes, which, in turn, will impact its reactivity toward OH oxidation. To improve the predictability of OA reactivity toward OH oxidation, the reactive uptake coefficients (γ) of OH radicals reacting with triacontane and squalane serving as amorphous OA surrogates were measured at temperatures from 213-293 K. γ increases strongest with temperature when the organic species is in the liquid phase, compared to when being in the semisolid or solid phase. The resistor model is applied, accounting for the amorphous phase state changes using the organic species' glass transition temperature and fragility, to evaluate the physicochemical parameters of the temperature dependent OH uptake process. This allows for the derivation of a semiempirical formula, applicable to models, to predict the degree of oxidation and chemical lifetime of the condensed-phase organic species for typical tropospheric temperature and humidity when OA particle viscosity is known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jienan Li
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Daniel A Knopf
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
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16
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von Domaros M, Liu Y, Butman JL, Perlt E, Geiger FM, Tobias DJ. Molecular Orientation at the Squalene/Air Interface from Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy and Atomistic Modeling. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:3932-3941. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c11158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael von Domaros
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Yangdongling Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jana L. Butman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Eva Perlt
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Franz M. Geiger
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Douglas J. Tobias
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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17
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Hadizadeh MH, Yang L, Fang G, Qiu Z, Li Z. The mobility and solvation structure of a hydroxyl radical in a water nanodroplet: a Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:14628-14635. [PMID: 34196637 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01830b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyl radicals (OH*) play a crucial role in atmospheric chemistry and biological processes. In this study, Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations are performed under ambient conditions for a hydroxyl radical in a water nanodroplet containing 191 water molecules. Density functional theory calculations are performed at the BLYP-D3 level with some test calculations at the B3LYP-D3 level. In two 150 ps trajectories, either with OH* initially located in the interior region or at the surface of the water nanodroplet, the OH* radical ends up in the subsurface layer of the nanodroplet, which is different from the "surface preference" predicted from previous empirical force field simulations. The solvation structure of OH* contains fluctuating hydrogen bonds, as well as a two-center three-electron hemibond in some cases. The mobility of OH* is enhanced by hydrogen transfer, which has a free energy barrier of ∼4.6 kcal mol-1. The results presented in this study deepen our understanding of the structure and dynamics of OH* in aqueous solutions, especially around the air-water interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hassan Hadizadeh
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Lewen Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Guoyong Fang
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Zongyang Qiu
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
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18
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Schneider SR, Lakey PSJ, Shiraiwa M, Abbatt JPD. Reactive Uptake of Ozone to Simulated Seawater: Evidence for Iodide Depletion. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:9844-9853. [PMID: 33196200 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c08917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of ozone with iodide in the ocean is a major ozone dry deposition pathway, as well as an important source of reactive iodine to the marine troposphere. Few prior laboratory experiments have been conducted with environmentally relevant ozone mixing ratios and iodide concentrations, leading to uncertainties in the rate of the reaction under marine boundary layer conditions. As well, there remains disagreement in the literature assessment of the relative contributions of an interfacial reaction via ozone adsorbed to the ocean surface versus a bulk reaction with dissolved ozone. In this study, we measure the uptake coefficient of ozone over a buffered, pH 8 salt solution replicating the concentrations of iodide, bromide, and chloride in the ocean over an ozone mixing ratio of 60-500 ppb. Due to iodide depletion in the solution, the measured ozone uptake coefficient is dependent on the exposure time of the solution to ozone and its mixing ratio. A kinetic multilayer model confirms that iodide depletion is occurring not only within ozone's reactodiffusive depth, which is on the order of microns for environmental conditions, but also deeper into the solution as well. Best model-measurement agreement arises when some degree of nondiffusive mixing is occurring in the solution, transporting iodide from deeper in the solution to a thin, diffusively mixed upper layer. If such mixing occurs rapidly in the environment, iodide depletion is unlikely to reduce ozone dry deposition rates. Unrealistically high bulk-to-interface partitioning of iodide is required for the model to predict a substantial interfacial component to the reaction, indicating that the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism is not dominant under environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie R Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Pascale S J Lakey
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Manabu Shiraiwa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Jonathan P D Abbatt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON Canada
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19
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Anglada JM, Martins-Costa MTC, Francisco JS, Ruiz-López MF. Photoinduced Oxidation Reactions at the Air-Water Interface. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:16140-16155. [PMID: 32833454 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chemistry on water is a fascinating area of research. The surface of water and the interfaces between water and air or hydrophobic media represent asymmetric environments with unique properties that lead to unexpected solvation effects on chemical and photochemical processes. Indeed, the features of interfacial reactions differ, often drastically, from those of bulk-phase reactions. In this Perspective, we focus on photoinduced oxidation reactions, which have attracted enormous interest in recent years because of their implications in many areas of chemistry, including atmospheric and environmental chemistry, biology, electrochemistry, and solar energy conversion. We have chosen a few representative examples of photoinduced oxidation reactions to focus on in this Perspective. Although most of these examples are taken from the field of atmospheric chemistry, they were selected because of their broad relevance to other areas. First, we outline a series of processes whose photochemistry generates hydroxyl radicals. These OH precursors include reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and sulfur dioxide. Second, we discuss processes involving the photooxidation of organic species, either directly or via photosensitization. The photochemistry of pyruvic acid and fatty acid, two examples that demonstrate the complexity and versatility of this kind of chemistry, is described. Finally, we discuss the physicochemical factors that can be invoked to explain the kinetics and thermodynamics of photoinduced oxidation reactions at aqueous interfaces and analyze a number of challenges that need to be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep M Anglada
- Departament de Química Biològica, IQAC-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona 18, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marilia T C Martins-Costa
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques, UMR CNRS 7019, University of Lorraine, CNRS, BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-631, United States
| | - Manuel F Ruiz-López
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques, UMR CNRS 7019, University of Lorraine, CNRS, BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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20
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Ruiz-Lopez MF, Francisco JS, Martins-Costa MTC, Anglada JM. Molecular reactions at aqueous interfaces. Nat Rev Chem 2020; 4:459-475. [PMID: 37127962 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-020-0203-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This Review aims to critically analyse the emerging field of chemical reactivity at aqueous interfaces. The subject has evolved rapidly since the discovery of the so-called 'on-water catalysis', alluding to the dramatic acceleration of reactions at the surface of water or at its interface with hydrophobic media. We review critical experimental studies in the fields of atmospheric and synthetic organic chemistry, as well as related research exploring the origins of life, to showcase the importance of this phenomenon. The physico-chemical aspects of these processes, such as the structure, dynamics and thermodynamics of adsorption and solvation processes at aqueous interfaces, are also discussed. We also present the basic theories intended to explain interface catalysis, followed by the results of advanced ab initio molecular-dynamics simulations. Although some topics addressed here have already been the focus of previous reviews, we aim at highlighting their interconnection across diverse disciplines, providing a common perspective that would help us to identify the most fundamental issues still incompletely understood in this fast-moving field.
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21
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von Domaros M, Lakey PSJ, Shiraiwa M, Tobias DJ. Multiscale Modeling of Human Skin Oil-Induced Indoor Air Chemistry: Combining Kinetic Models and Molecular Dynamics. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:3836-3843. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c02818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael von Domaros
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Pascale S. J. Lakey
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Manabu Shiraiwa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Douglas J. Tobias
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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22
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Effect of Bulk Composition on the Heterogeneous Oxidation of Semi-Solid Atmospheric Aerosols. ATMOSPHERE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos10120791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The OH-initiated heterogeneous oxidation of semi-solid saccharide particles with varying bulk compositions was investigated in an atmospheric pressure flow tube at 30% relative humidity. Reactive uptake coefficients were determined from the rate loss of the saccharide reactants measured by mass spectrometry at different monosaccharide (methyl-β-d-glucopyranoside, C7H14O6) and disaccharide (lactose, C12H22O11) molar ratios. The reactive uptake for the monosaccharide was found to decrease from 0.53 ± 0.10 to 0.05 ± 0.06 as the mono-to-disaccharide molar ratio changed from 8:1 to 1:1. A reaction–diffusion model was developed in order to determine the effect of chemical composition on the reactive uptake. The observed decays can be reproduced using a Vignes relationship to predict the composition dependence of the reactant diffusion coefficients. The experimental data and model results suggest that the addition of the disaccharide significantly increases the particle viscosity leading to slower mass transport phenomena from the bulk to the particle surface and to a decreased reactivity. These findings illustrate the impact of bulk composition on reactant bulk diffusivity which determines the rate-limiting step during the chemical transformation of semi-solid particles in the atmosphere.
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23
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Shiraiwa M, Carslaw N, Tobias DJ, Waring MS, Rim D, Morrison G, Lakey PSJ, Kruza M, von Domaros M, Cummings BE, Won Y. Modelling consortium for chemistry of indoor environments (MOCCIE): integrating chemical processes from molecular to room scales. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2019; 21:1240-1254. [PMID: 31070639 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00123a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report on the development of a modelling consortium for chemistry in indoor environments that connects models over a range of spatial and temporal scales, from molecular to room scales and from sub-nanosecond to days, respectively. Our modeling approaches include molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, kinetic process modeling, gas-phase chemistry modeling, organic aerosol modeling, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. These models are applied to investigate ozone reactions with skin and clothing, oxidation of volatile organic compounds and formation of secondary organic aerosols, and mass transport and partitioning of indoor species to surfaces. MD simulations provide molecular pictures of limonene adsorption on SiO2 and ozone interactions with the skin lipid squalene, providing kinetic parameters such as surface accommodation coefficient, desorption lifetime, and bulk diffusivity. These parameters then constrain kinetic process models, which resolve mass transport and chemical reactions in gas and condensed phases for analysis of experimental data. A detailed indoor chemical box model is applied to simulate α-pinene ozonolysis with improved representation of gas-particle partitioning. Application of 2D-volatility basis set reveals that OH-induced aging sometimes drives increases in indoor organic aerosol concentrations, due to organic mass functionalization and enhanced partitioning. CFD simulations show that concentrations of ozone and primary product change near the human surface rapidly, indicating non-uniform spatial distributions from the occupant surface to ambient air, while secondary ozone product is relatively well-mixed throughout the room. This development establishes a framework to integrate different modeling tools and experimental measurements, opening up an avenue for development of comprehensive and integrated models with representations of various chemistry in indoor environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Shiraiwa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
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24
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Sobyra TB, Pliszka H, Bertram TH, Nathanson GM. Production of Br2 from N2O5 and Br– in Salty and Surfactant-Coated Water Microjets. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:8942-8953. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b04225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B. Sobyra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Helena Pliszka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Timothy H. Bertram
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Gilbert M. Nathanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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25
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Qiu J, Ishizuka S, Tonokura K, Enami S. Interfacial vs Bulk Ozonolysis of Nerolidol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:5750-5757. [PMID: 31017766 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ozone readily reacts with olefins with the formation of more reactive Criegee intermediates (CIs). The transient CIs impact HO x cycles, and they play a role in new particle formation in the troposphere. Oxidation by O3 occurs both in the gas-phase, in the liquid phase, and at air-water and air-aerosol interfaces. In light of the importance of O3 in environmental and engineered chemical transformations, we have investigated the ozonolysis mechanisms of a triolefin C15-alcohol, nerolidol (Nero, a biogenic sesquiterpene), at the air-water interface in the presence of acetonitrile. Surface-sensitive pneumatic ionization mass spectrometric detection of α-hydroxy-hydroperoxides and functionalized carboxylates, generated by the hydration and isomerization of CIs, respectively, enables us to evaluate the relative reactivity of each C=C toward O3. In addition, we compare bulk-phase ozonolysis chemistry to similar reactions taking place at the air-water interface. Our experimental results show that O3 reacts primarily with the (CH3)2C=CH- and -(CH3)C=CH- moieties (>∼98%), while the O3 attack on the terminal -HC=CH2 site (<∼2%) is a minor pathway during both interfacial and bulk ozonolysis. The presence of functionalized-carboxylates on interfaces but not in bulk-phase reactions with O3 indicates that the isomerization of the CIs is not hindered at the air-water interface due to the lower availability of water .
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Affiliation(s)
- Junting Qiu
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha , Kashiwa 277-8563 , Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Ishizuka
- National Institute for Environmental Studies , 16-2 Onogawa , Tsukuba 305-8506 , Japan
| | - Kenichi Tonokura
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha , Kashiwa 277-8563 , Japan
| | - Shinichi Enami
- National Institute for Environmental Studies , 16-2 Onogawa , Tsukuba 305-8506 , Japan
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26
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Broderick A, Rocha MA, Khalifa Y, Shiflett MB, Newberg JT. Mass Transfer Thermodynamics through a Gas-Liquid Interface. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:2576-2584. [PMID: 30803233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b00958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Molecular level information about thermodynamic variations (enthalpy, entropy, and free energy) of a gas molecule as it crosses a gas-liquid interface is strongly lacking from an experimental perspective under equilibrium conditions. Herein, we perform in situ measurements of water interacting with the ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, [C4mim][Ace], using ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in order to assess the interfacial uptake of water quantitatively as a function of temperature, pressure, and water mole fraction ( xw). The surface spectroscopy results are compared to existing bulk water absorption experiments, showing that the amount of water in the interfacial region is consistently greater than that in the bulk. The enthalpy and entropy of water sorption vary significantly between the gas-liquid interface and the bulk as a function of xw, with a crossover that occurs near xw = 0.6 where the water-IL mixture converts from being homogeneous ( xw < 0.6) to nanostructured ( xw > 0.6). Free energy results reveal that water at the gas-IL interface is thermodynamically more favorable than that in the bulk, consistent with the enhanced water concentration in the interfacial region. The results herein show that the efficacy for an ionic liquid to absorb a gas phase molecule is not merely a function of bulk solvation parameters but also is significantly influenced by the thermodynamics occurring across the gas-IL interface during the mass transfer process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Broderick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - M Alejandra Rocha
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering , University of Kansas , Lawrence , Kansas 66045 , United States
| | - Yehia Khalifa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Mark B Shiflett
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering , University of Kansas , Lawrence , Kansas 66045 , United States
| | - John T Newberg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
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27
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Enami S, Colussi AJ. OH-Radical Oxidation of Lung Surfactant Protein B on Aqueous Surfaces. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2018; 7:S0077. [PMID: 30533342 PMCID: PMC6245955 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.s0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollutants generate reactive oxygen species on lung surfaces. Here we report how hydroxyl radicals (·OH) injected on the surface of water react with SP-B1-25, a 25-residue polypeptide surrogate of human lung surfactant protein B. Our experiments consist of intersecting microjets of aqueous SP-B1-25 solutions with O3/O2/H2O/N2(g) gas streams that are photolyzed into ·OH(g) in situ by 266 nm laser nanosecond pulses. Surface-sensitive mass spectrometry enables us to monitor the prompt (<10 μs) and simultaneous formation of primary O n -containing products/intermediates (n≤5) triggered by the reaction of ·OH with interfacial SP-B1-25. We found that O-atoms from both O3 and ·OH are incorporated into the reactive cysteine Cys8 and Cys11 and tryptophan Trp9 components of the hydrophobic N-terminus of SP-B1-25 that lies at the topmost layers of the air-liquid interface. Remarkably, these processes are initiated by ·OH additions rather than by H-atom abstractions from S-H, C-H, or N-H groups. By increasing the hydrophilicity of the N-terminus region of SP-B1-25, these transformations will impair its role as a surfactant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agustín J Colussi
- Linde Center for Global Environmental Science, California Institute of Technology
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28
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Abstract
Due to the adverse effect of atmospheric aerosols on public health and their ability to affect climate, extensive research has been undertaken in recent decades to understand their sources and sinks, as well as to study their physical and chemical properties. Atmospheric aerosols are important players in the Earth’s radiative budget, affecting incoming and outgoing solar radiation through absorption and scattering by direct and indirect means. While the cooling properties of pure inorganic aerosols are relatively well understood, the impact of organic aerosols on the radiative budget is unclear. Additionally, organic aerosols are transformed through chemical reactions during atmospheric transport. The resulting complex mixture of organic aerosol has variable physical and chemical properties that contribute further to the uncertainty of these species modifying the radiative budget. Correlations between oxidative processing and increased absorptivity, hygroscopicity, and cloud condensation nuclei activity have been observed, but the mechanisms behind these phenomena have remained unexplored. Herein, we review environmentally relevant heterogeneous mechanisms occurring on interfaces that contribute to the processing of aerosols. Recent laboratory studies exploring processes at the aerosol–air interface are highlighted as capable of generating the complexity observed in the environment. Furthermore, a variety of laboratory methods developed specifically to study these processes under environmentally relevant conditions are introduced. Remarkably, the heterogeneous mechanisms presented might neither be feasible in the gas phase nor in the bulk particle phase of aerosols at the fast rates enabled on interfaces. In conclusion, these surface mechanisms are important to better understand how organic aerosols are transformed in the atmosphere affecting the environment.
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29
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Sakamoto Y, Zhou J, Kohno N, Nakagawa M, Hirokawa J, Kajii Y. Kinetics Study of OH Uptake onto Deliquesced NaCl Particles by Combining Laser Photolysis and Laser-Induced Fluorescence. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:4115-4119. [PMID: 29979879 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the role of hydroxyl radical (OH) uptake onto sea-salt particles as a daytime chlorine source, affecting the chemical processes in the marine boundary layer, its uptake coefficient has not yet been confirmed by direct measurement methods. This study reports the application of a combination technique of laser flash photolysis generation and laser-induced fluorescence detection for the direct kinetic measurement of OH uptake onto deliquesced NaCl particles. The uptake coefficient was not constant and inversely depended on the initial OH concentration, indicating that the first uptake step is Langmuir-type adsorption. The resistance model, including surface processes, well reproduced the observed uptake coefficient. The model predicted an uptake coefficient for the atmospheric relevant OH concentration within the range from 0.77 to 0.95. Such values may lead to emissions of Cl2 higher than those predicted in previous studies based on other values. Hence, the proposed value may provide more reliable estimations of ozone formation, oxidation of volatile organic compounds, secondary organic aerosol formation, and lifetime of methane and elemental mercury in the marine boundary layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Sakamoto
- Center for Regional Environmental Research , National Institute for Environmental Studies , Ibaraki 305-8506 , Japan
| | | | | | | | - Jun Hirokawa
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan
| | - Yoshizumi Kajii
- Center for Regional Environmental Research , National Institute for Environmental Studies , Ibaraki 305-8506 , Japan
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30
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Kong X, Toubin C, Habartova A, Pluharova E, Roeselova M, Pettersson JBC. Rapid Water Transport through Organic Layers on Ice. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:4861-4868. [PMID: 29741896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b01951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Processes involving atmospheric aerosol and cloud particles are affected by condensation of organic compounds that are omnipresent in the atmosphere. On ice particles, organic compounds with hydrophilic functional groups form hydrogen bonds with the ice and orient their hydrophobic groups away from the surface. The organic layer has been expected to constitute a barrier to gas uptake, but recent experimental studies suggest that the accommodation of water molecules on ice is only weakly affected by condensed short-chain alcohol layers. Here, we employ molecular dynamics simulations to study the water interactions with n-butanol covered ice at 200 K and show that the small effect of the condensed layer is due to efficient diffusion of water molecules along the surface plane while seeking appropriate sites to penetrate, followed by penetration driven by the combined attractive forces from butanol OH groups and water molecules within the ice. The water molecules that penetrate through the n-butanol layer become strongly bonded by approximately three hydrogen bonds at the butanol-ice interface. The obtained accommodation coefficient (0.81 ± 0.03) is in excellent agreement with results from previous environmental molecular beam experiments, leading to a picture where an adsorbed n-butanol layer does not alter the apparent accommodation coefficient but dramatically changes the detailed molecular dynamics and kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrui Kong
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science , University of Gothenburg , SE-41296 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Céline Toubin
- Laboratoire PhLAM, UMR 8523 , Université de Lille , F-59000 Lille , France
| | - Alena Habartova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nam. 2 , CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Pluharova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nam. 2 , CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic.,J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Dolejskova 2155/3 , CZ-18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Roeselova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nam. 2 , CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan B C Pettersson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science , University of Gothenburg , SE-41296 Gothenburg , Sweden
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31
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Li W, Pak CY, Tse YLS. Free energy study of H2O, N2O5, SO2, and O3 gas sorption by water droplets/slabs. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:164706. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5022389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Yuen Pak
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying-Lung Steve Tse
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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32
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Wiegel AA, Liu MJ, Hinsberg WD, Wilson KR, Houle FA. Diffusive confinement of free radical intermediates in the OH radical oxidation of semisolid aerosols. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:6814-6830. [PMID: 28218326 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp00696a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiphase chemical reactions (gas + solid/liquid) involve a complex interplay between bulk and interface chemistry, diffusion, evaporation, and condensation. Reactions of atmospheric aerosols are an important example of this type of chemistry: the rich array of particle phase states and multiphase transformation pathways produce diverse but poorly understood interactions between chemistry and transport. Their chemistry is of intrinsic interest because of their role in controlling climate. Their characteristics also make them useful models for the study of principles of reactivity of condensed materials under confined conditions. In previous work, we have reported a computational study of the oxidation chemistry of a liquid aliphatic aerosol. In this study, we extend the calculations to investigate nearly the same reactions at a semisolid gas-aerosol interface. A reaction-diffusion model for heterogeneous oxidation of triacontane by hydroxyl radicals (OH) is described, and its predictions are compared to measurements of aerosol size and composition, which evolve continuously during oxidation. These results are also explicitly compared to those obtained for the corresponding liquid system, squalane, to pinpoint salient elements controlling reactivity. The diffusive confinement of the free radical intermediates at the interface results in enhanced importance of a few specific chemical processes such as the involvement of aldehydes in fragmentation and evaporation, and a significant role of radical-radical reactions in product formation. The simulations show that under typical laboratory conditions semisolid aerosols have highly oxidized nanometer-scale interfaces that encapsulate an unreacted core and may confer distinct optical properties and enhanced hygroscopicity. This highly oxidized layer dynamically evolves with reaction, which we propose to result in plasticization. The validated model is used to predict chemistry under atmospheric conditions, where the OH radical concentration is much lower. The oxidation reactions are more strongly influenced by diffusion in the particle, resulting in a more liquid-like character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron A Wiegel
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Berkeley, CA 94702, USA.
| | - Matthew J Liu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Berkeley, CA 94702, USA. and University of California, Berkeley, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Berkeley, CA 94702, USA
| | | | - Kevin R Wilson
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Berkeley, CA 94702, USA.
| | - Frances A Houle
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Berkeley, CA 94702, USA.
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33
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Hirshberg B, Rossich Molina E, Götz AW, Hammerich AD, Nathanson GM, Bertram TH, Johnson MA, Gerber RB. N2O5at water surfaces: binding forces, charge separation, energy accommodation and atmospheric implications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:17961-17976. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03022g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Studying the interactions between N2O5and water in nano-sized clusters, in bulk and on the surface of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barak Hirshberg
- The Institute of Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics
- the Hebrew University
- Jerusalem 9190401
- Israel
| | - Estefanía Rossich Molina
- The Institute of Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics
- the Hebrew University
- Jerusalem 9190401
- Israel
| | - Andreas W. Götz
- San Diego Supercomputer Center
- University of California
- San Diego, La Jolla
- USA
| | | | | | | | | | - R. Benny Gerber
- The Institute of Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics
- the Hebrew University
- Jerusalem 9190401
- Israel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine
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34
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Socorro J, Lakey PSJ, Han L, Berkemeier T, Lammel G, Zetzsch C, Pöschl U, Shiraiwa M. Heterogeneous OH Oxidation, Shielding Effects, and Implications for the Atmospheric Fate of Terbuthylazine and Other Pesticides. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:13749-13754. [PMID: 29125742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Terbuthylazine (TBA) is a widely used herbicide, and its heterogeneous reaction with OH radicals is important for assessing its potential to undergo atmospheric long-range transport and to affect the environment and public health. The apparent reaction rate coefficients obtained in different experimental investigations, however, vary by orders of magnitude depending on the applied experimental techniques and conditions. In this study, we used a kinetic multilayer model of aerosol chemistry with reversible surface adsorption and bulk diffusion (KM-SUB) in combination with a Monte Carlo genetic algorithm to simulate the measured decay rates of TBA. Two experimental data sets available from different studies can be described with a consistent set of kinetic parameters resolving the interplay of chemical reaction, mass transport, and shielding effects. Our study suggests that mass transport and shielding effects can substantially extend the atmospheric lifetime of reactive pesticides from a few days to weeks, with strong implications for long-range transport and potential health effects of these substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Socorro
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry , 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Pascale S J Lakey
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry , 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Irvine, California 92617, United States
| | - Lei Han
- Forschungsstelle für Atmosphärische Chemie, University of Bayreuth , 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas Berkemeier
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Gerhard Lammel
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry , 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University , 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Cornelius Zetzsch
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry , 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Forschungsstelle für Atmosphärische Chemie, University of Bayreuth , 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Ulrich Pöschl
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry , 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Manabu Shiraiwa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Irvine, California 92617, United States
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35
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Karadima KS, Mavrantzas VG, Pandis SN. Molecular dynamics simulation of the local concentration and structure in multicomponent aerosol nanoparticles under atmospheric conditions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02036h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
MD simulations predicted core–shell or partially engulfed morphologies (depending on the type of the organic compound present) in multicomponent aerosol nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina S. Karadima
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Patras
- Patras
- Greece
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences
| | - Vlasis G. Mavrantzas
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Patras
- Patras
- Greece
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences
| | - Spyros N. Pandis
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Patras
- Patras
- Greece
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences
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36
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Hoehn RD, Carignano MA, Kais S, Zhu C, Zhong J, Zeng XC, Francisco JS, Gladich I. Hydrogen bonding and orientation effects on the accommodation of methylamine at the air-water interface. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:214701. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4950951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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37
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Ergin G, Takahama S. Carbon Density Is an Indicator of Mass Accommodation Coefficient of Water on Organic-Coated Water Surface. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:2885-93. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b01748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Ergin
- Atmospheric Particle and
Research Laboratory, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental
Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Satoshi Takahama
- Atmospheric Particle and
Research Laboratory, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental
Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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38
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Gálvez Ó, Baeza-Romero MT, Sanz M, Pacios LF. A theoretical study on the reaction of ozone with aqueous iodide. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:7651-60. [PMID: 26906609 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06440f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric iodine chemistry plays a key role in tropospheric ozone catalytic destruction, new particle formation, and as one of the possible sinks of gaseous polar elemental mercury. Moreover, it has been recently proposed that reaction of ozone with iodide on the sea surface could be the major contributor to the chemical loss of atmospheric ozone. However, the mechanism of the reaction between aqueous iodide and ozone is not well known. The aim of this paper is to improve the understanding of such a mechanism. In this paper, an ab initio study of the reaction of aqueous iodide and ozone is presented, evaluating thermodynamic data of the different reactions proposed in previous experimental studies. In addition, the structures, energetics and possible evolution of the key IOOO(-) intermediate are discussed for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Gálvez
- Departamento de Física Molecular, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Teresa Baeza-Romero
- Escuela de Ingeniería Industrial, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Mikel Sanz
- Escuela de Ingeniería Industrial, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Luis F Pacios
- Unidad de Química, Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, E.T.S.I. Montes, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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39
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Enami S, Sakamoto Y, Hara K, Osada K, Hoffmann MR, Colussi AJ. "Sizing" Heterogeneous Chemistry in the Conversion of Gaseous Dimethyl Sulfide to Atmospheric Particles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:1834-1843. [PMID: 26761399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The oxidation of biogenic dimethyl sulfide (DMS) emissions is a global source of cloud condensation nuclei. The amounts of the nucleating H2SO4(g) species produced in such process, however, remain uncertain. Hydrophobic DMS is mostly oxidized in the gas phase into H2SO4(g) + DMSO(g) (dimethyl sulfoxide), whereas water-soluble DMSO is oxidized into H2SO4(g) in the gas phase and into SO4(2-) + MeSO3(-) (methanesulfonate) on water surfaces. R = MeSO3(-)/(non-sea-salt SO4(2-)) ratios would therefore gauge both the strength of DMS sources and the extent of DMSO heterogeneous oxidation if Rhet = MeSO3(-)/SO4(2-) for DMSO(aq) + ·OH(g) were known. Here, we report that Rhet = 2.7, a value obtained from online electrospray mass spectra of DMSO(aq) + ·OH(g) reaction products that quantifies the MeSO3(-) produced in DMSO heterogeneous oxidation on aqueous aerosols for the first time. On this basis, the inverse R dependence on particle radius in size-segregated aerosol collected over Syowa station and Southern oceans is shown to be consistent with the competition between DMSO gas-phase oxidation and its mass accommodation followed by oxidation on aqueous droplets. Geographical R variations are thus associated with variable contributions of the heterogeneous pathway to DMSO atmospheric oxidation, which increase with the specific surface area of local aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Enami
- The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8302, Japan
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University , Uji 611-0011, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency , Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yosuke Sakamoto
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0610, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Hara
- Department of Earth Science System, Fukuoka University , Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kazuo Osada
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Michael R Hoffmann
- Linde Center for Global Environmental Science, California Institute of Technology , California 91125, United States
| | - Agustín J Colussi
- Linde Center for Global Environmental Science, California Institute of Technology , California 91125, United States
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40
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Hahn C, Kann ZR, Faust JA, Skinner JL, Nathanson GM. Super-Maxwellian helium evaporation from pure and salty water. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:044707. [PMID: 26827228 DOI: 10.1063/1.4940144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Helium atoms evaporate from pure water and salty solutions in super-Maxwellian speed distributions, as observed experimentally and modeled theoretically. The experiments are performed by monitoring the velocities of dissolved He atoms that evaporate from microjets of pure water at 252 K and 4-8.5 molal LiCl and LiBr at 232-252 K. The average He atom energies exceed the flux-weighted Maxwell-Boltzmann average of 2RT by 30% for pure water and 70% for 8.5m LiBr. Classical molecular dynamics simulations closely reproduce the observed speed distributions and provide microscopic insight into the forces that eject the He atoms from solution. Comparisons of the density profile and He kinetic energies across the water-vacuum interface indicate that the He atoms are accelerated by He-water collisions within the top 1-2 layers of the liquid. We also find that the average He atom kinetic energy scales with the free energy of solvation of this sparingly soluble gas. This free-energy difference reflects the steeply decreasing potential of mean force on the He atoms in the interfacial region, whose gradient is the repulsive force that tends to expel the atoms. The accompanying sharp decrease in water density suppresses the He-water collisions that would otherwise maintain a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, allowing the He atom to escape at high energies. Helium is especially affected by this reduction in collisions because its weak interactions make energy transfer inefficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Hahn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Zachary R Kann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Jennifer A Faust
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J L Skinner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Gilbert M Nathanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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41
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Berkemeier T, Steimer SS, Krieger UK, Peter T, Pöschl U, Ammann M, Shiraiwa M. Ozone uptake on glassy, semi-solid and liquid organic matter and the role of reactive oxygen intermediates in atmospheric aerosol chemistry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:12662-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00634e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Humidity-induced phase transition and formation of reactive oxygen intermediates are important processes in the heterogeneous ozonolysis of unsaturated organic compounds in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Berkemeier
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
- Multiphase Chemistry Department
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Sarah S. Steimer
- Paul Scherrer Institute
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry
- 5232 Villigen PSI
- Switzerland
- ETH Zurich
| | - Ulrich K. Krieger
- ETH Zurich
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science
- 8092 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Thomas Peter
- ETH Zurich
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science
- 8092 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Pöschl
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
- Multiphase Chemistry Department
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Markus Ammann
- Paul Scherrer Institute
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry
- 5232 Villigen PSI
- Switzerland
| | - Manabu Shiraiwa
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
- Multiphase Chemistry Department
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
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42
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Miles REH, Davies JF, Reid JP. The influence of the surface composition of mixed monolayer films on the evaporation coefficient of water. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:19847-58. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03826c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The influence of mixed component organic surface films on the evaporation rate of water from an aqueous droplet is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James F. Davies
- School of Chemistry
- University of Bristol
- Bristol
- UK
- Chemical Sciences Division
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43
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Adluri ANS, Murphy JN, Tozer T, Rowley CN. Polarizable Force Field with a σ-Hole for Liquid and Aqueous Bromomethane. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:13422-32. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b09041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Archita N. S. Adluri
- Department
of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Jennifer N. Murphy
- Department
of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Tiffany Tozer
- Department
of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Christopher N. Rowley
- Department
of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland A1B 3X7, Canada
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44
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Enami S, Hoffmann MR, Colussi AJ. OH-Radical Specific Addition to Glutathione S-Atom at the Air-Water Interface: Relevance to the Redox Balance of the Lung Epithelial Lining Fluid. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:3935-3943. [PMID: 26722895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidants in epithelial lining fluids (ELF) prevent inhaled air pollutants from reaching lung tissue. This process, however, may upset ELF's redox balance, which is deemed to be expressed by the ratio of the major antioxidant glutathione (GSH) to its putative oxidation product GSSG. Previously, we found that at physiological pH O3(g) rapidly oxidizes GS(2-)(aq) (but not GSH(-)) to GSO3(-) rather than GSSG. Here, we report that in moderately acidic pH ≤ 5 media ·OH(g) oxidizes GSH(-)(aq) to sulfenic GSOH(-), sulfinic GSO2(-), and sulfonic GSO3(-) acids via ·OH specific additions to reduced S-atoms. The remarkable specificity of ·OH on water versus its lack of selectivity in bulk water implicates an unprecedented steering process during [OH···GSH] interfacial encounters. Thus, both O3 and ·OH oxidize GSH to GSOH(-) under most conditions, and since GSOH(-) is reduced back to GSH in vivo by NADPH, redox balance may be in fact signaled by GSH/GSOH ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Enami
- The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8302, Japan
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University , Uji 611-0011, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency , Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Michael R Hoffmann
- Linde Center for Global Environmental Science, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Agustín J Colussi
- Linde Center for Global Environmental Science, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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45
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Zhong J, Zhao Y, Li L, Li H, Francisco JS, Zeng XC. Interaction of the NH2 Radical with the Surface of a Water Droplet. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:12070-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b07354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhong
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Lei Li
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Hui Li
- Institute
of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Joseph S. Francisco
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
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46
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Pöschl U, Shiraiwa M. Multiphase chemistry at the atmosphere-biosphere interface influencing climate and public health in the anthropocene. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4440-75. [PMID: 25856774 DOI: 10.1021/cr500487s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Pöschl
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Manabu Shiraiwa
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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47
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Arangio AM, Slade JH, Berkemeier T, Pöschl U, Knopf DA, Shiraiwa M. Multiphase Chemical Kinetics of OH Radical Uptake by Molecular Organic Markers of Biomass Burning Aerosols: Humidity and Temperature Dependence, Surface Reaction, and Bulk Diffusion. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:4533-44. [DOI: 10.1021/jp510489z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M. Arangio
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jonathan H. Slade
- Institute
for Terrestrial and Planetary Atmospheres, School of Marine and Atmospheric
Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Thomas Berkemeier
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulrich Pöschl
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniel A. Knopf
- Institute
for Terrestrial and Planetary Atmospheres, School of Marine and Atmospheric
Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Manabu Shiraiwa
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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48
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Julin J, Winkler PM, Donahue NM, Wagner PE, Riipinen I. Near-unity mass accommodation coefficient of organic molecules of varying structure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:12083-9. [PMID: 25260072 PMCID: PMC4351623 DOI: 10.1021/es501816h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric aerosol particles have a significant effect on global climate, air quality, and consequently human health. Condensation of organic vapors is a key process in the growth of nanometer-sized particles to climate relevant sizes. This growth is very sensitive to the mass accommodation coefficient α, a quantity describing the vapor uptake ability of the particles, but knowledge on α of atmospheric organics is lacking. In this work, we have determined α for four organic molecules with diverse structural properties: adipic acid, succinic acid, naphthalene, and nonane. The coefficients are studied using molecular dynamics simulations, complemented with expansion chamber measurements. Our results are consistent with α = 1 (indicating nearly perfect accommodation), regardless of the molecular structural properties, the phase state of the bulk condensed phase, or surface curvature. The results highlight the need for experimental techniques capable of resolving the internal structure of nanoparticles to better constrain the accommodation of atmospheric organics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Julin
- Department
of Applied Environmental Science and Bolin Centre for
Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- E-mail: . Tel.: +46 8 674
7549. Fax +46 8 674 7325
| | - Paul M. Winkler
- Fakultät
für Physik, Universität Wien, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Neil M. Donahue
- Center
for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie
Mellon University, 5000
Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Paul E. Wagner
- Fakultät
für Physik, Universität Wien, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Ilona Riipinen
- Department
of Applied Environmental Science and Bolin Centre for
Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Center
for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie
Mellon University, 5000
Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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49
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Spectroscopic signatures of ozone at the air-water interface and photochemistry implications. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:11618-23. [PMID: 25071195 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1411727111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
First-principles simulations suggest that additional OH formation in the troposphere can result from ozone interactions with the surface of cloud droplets. Ozone exhibits an affinity for the air-water interface, which modifies its UV and visible light spectroscopic signatures and photolytic rate constant in the troposphere. Ozone cross sections on the red side of the Hartley band (290- to 350-nm region) and in the Chappuis band (450-700 nm) are increased due to electronic ozone-water interactions. This effect, combined with the potential contribution of the O3 + hν → O((3)P) + O2(X(3)Σg(-)) photolytic channel at the interface, leads to an enhancement of the OH radical formation rate by four orders of magnitude. This finding suggests that clouds can influence the overall oxidizing capacity of the troposphere on a global scale by stimulating the production of OH radicals through ozone photolysis by UV and visible light at the air-water interface.
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50
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Wang X, Liu L, Fang W, Chen X. Theoretical insight towards the photo-dissociation dynamics of O3–H2O complex: Deep understanding the source of atmospheric hydroxyl radical. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.05.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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