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Grunenberg L, Keßler C, Teh TW, Schuldt R, Heck F, Kästner J, Groß J, Hansen N, Lotsch BV. Probing Self-Diffusion of Guest Molecules in a Covalent Organic Framework: Simulation and Experiment. ACS NANO 2024; 18:16091-16100. [PMID: 38860455 PMCID: PMC11210340 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of porous materials whose sorption properties have so far been studied primarily by physisorption. Quantifying the self-diffusion of guest molecules inside their nanometer-sized pores allows for a better understanding of confinement effects or transport limitations and is thus essential for various applications ranging from molecular separation to catalysis. Using a combination of pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance measurements and molecular dynamics simulations, we have studied the self-diffusion of acetonitrile and chloroform in the 1D pore channels of two imine-linked COFs (PI-3-COF) with different levels of crystallinity and porosity. The higher crystallinity and porosity sample exhibited anisotropic diffusion for MeCN parallel to the pore direction, with a diffusion coefficient of Dpar = 6.1(3) × 10-10 m2 s-1 at 300 K, indicating 1D transport and a 7.4-fold reduction in self-diffusion compared to the bulk liquid. This finding aligns with molecular dynamics simulations predicting 5.4-fold reduction, assuming an offset-stacked COF layer arrangement. In the low-porosity sample, more frequent diffusion barriers result in isotropic, yet significantly reduced diffusivities (DB = 1.4(1) × 10-11 m2 s-1). Diffusion coefficients for chloroform at 300 K in the pores of the high- (Dpar = 1.1(2) × 10-10 m2 s-1) and low-porosity (DB = 4.5(1) × 10-12 m2 s-1) samples reproduce these trends. Our multimodal study thus highlights the significant influence of real structure effects such as stacking faults and grain boundaries on the long-range diffusivity of molecular guest species while suggesting efficient intracrystalline transport at short diffusion times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Grunenberg
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
(LMU), Butenandtstr.
5-13, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Christopher Keßler
- Institute
of Thermodynamics and Thermal Process Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 9, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Tiong Wei Teh
- Institute
of Thermodynamics and Thermal Process Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 9, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Robin Schuldt
- Institute
for Theoretical Chemistry, University of
Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring
55, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Fabian Heck
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
(LMU), Butenandtstr.
5-13, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Johannes Kästner
- Institute
for Theoretical Chemistry, University of
Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring
55, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Joachim Groß
- Institute
of Thermodynamics and Thermal Process Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 9, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Niels Hansen
- Institute
of Thermodynamics and Thermal Process Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 9, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Bettina V. Lotsch
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
(LMU), Butenandtstr.
5-13, Munich 81377, Germany
- E-conversion, Lichtenbergstrasse 4a, Garching 85748, Germany
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2
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Panecatl‐Bernal Y, Alvarado J, Ortiz‐Medina J, Fuentecilla‐Carcamo I, Lima‐Juárez R, Granada‐Ramírez D, Chávez‐Portillo M, Esquina‐Arenas L, Hernández‐Corona S, Alpes de Vasconcelos E, Mendes de Azevedo W, Méndez‐Rojas M, Palomino‐Ovando M, Navarro‐Morales E. Physical and Chemical Interactions of the Polar and Nonpolar Solvents on the Mesoporous Silica Material to Developing Solvent Sensors. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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3
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Aluru NR, Aydin F, Bazant MZ, Blankschtein D, Brozena AH, de Souza JP, Elimelech M, Faucher S, Fourkas JT, Koman VB, Kuehne M, Kulik HJ, Li HK, Li Y, Li Z, Majumdar A, Martis J, Misra RP, Noy A, Pham TA, Qu H, Rayabharam A, Reed MA, Ritt CL, Schwegler E, Siwy Z, Strano MS, Wang Y, Yao YC, Zhan C, Zhang Z. Fluids and Electrolytes under Confinement in Single-Digit Nanopores. Chem Rev 2023; 123:2737-2831. [PMID: 36898130 PMCID: PMC10037271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Confined fluids and electrolyte solutions in nanopores exhibit rich and surprising physics and chemistry that impact the mass transport and energy efficiency in many important natural systems and industrial applications. Existing theories often fail to predict the exotic effects observed in the narrowest of such pores, called single-digit nanopores (SDNs), which have diameters or conduit widths of less than 10 nm, and have only recently become accessible for experimental measurements. What SDNs reveal has been surprising, including a rapidly increasing number of examples such as extraordinarily fast water transport, distorted fluid-phase boundaries, strong ion-correlation and quantum effects, and dielectric anomalies that are not observed in larger pores. Exploiting these effects presents myriad opportunities in both basic and applied research that stand to impact a host of new technologies at the water-energy nexus, from new membranes for precise separations and water purification to new gas permeable materials for water electrolyzers and energy-storage devices. SDNs also present unique opportunities to achieve ultrasensitive and selective chemical sensing at the single-ion and single-molecule limit. In this review article, we summarize the progress on nanofluidics of SDNs, with a focus on the confinement effects that arise in these extremely narrow nanopores. The recent development of precision model systems, transformative experimental tools, and multiscale theories that have played enabling roles in advancing this frontier are reviewed. We also identify new knowledge gaps in our understanding of nanofluidic transport and provide an outlook for the future challenges and opportunities at this rapidly advancing frontier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayana R Aluru
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712TexasUnited States
| | - Fikret Aydin
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
| | - Martin Z Bazant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
- Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Daniel Blankschtein
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Alexandra H Brozena
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
| | - J Pedro de Souza
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Menachem Elimelech
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut06520-8286, United States
| | - Samuel Faucher
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - John T Fourkas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
- Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
| | - Volodymyr B Koman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Matthias Kuehne
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Heather J Kulik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Hao-Kun Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Yuhao Li
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
| | - Zhongwu Li
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
| | - Arun Majumdar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Joel Martis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Rahul Prasanna Misra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Aleksandr Noy
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, California95344, United States
| | - Tuan Anh Pham
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
| | - Haoran Qu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
| | - Archith Rayabharam
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712TexasUnited States
| | - Mark A Reed
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, 15 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut06520, United States
| | - Cody L Ritt
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut06520-8286, United States
| | - Eric Schwegler
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
| | - Zuzanna Siwy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine92697, United States
| | - Michael S Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - YuHuang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
- Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
| | - Yun-Chiao Yao
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, California95344, United States
| | - Cheng Zhan
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
| | - Ze Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
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4
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Bartoš J, Vyroubalová M, Švajdlenková H. Bulk and confined acetonitrile in mesoporous silica matrices by extrinsic probing via ESR technique: Effects of pore topology, pore size and pore surface composition. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.140073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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5
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Senanayake HS, Greathouse JA, Ilgen AG, Thompson WH. Simulations of the IR and Raman spectra of water confined in amorphous silica slit pores. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:104503. [PMID: 33722003 DOI: 10.1063/5.0040739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Water in nano-scale confining environments is a key element in many biological, material, and geological systems. The structure and dynamics of the liquid can be dramatically modified under these conditions. Probing these changes can be challenging, but vibrational spectroscopy has emerged as a powerful tool for investigating their behavior. A critical, evolving component of this approach is a detailed understanding of the connection between spectroscopic features and molecular-level details. In this paper, this issue is addressed by using molecular dynamics simulations to simulate the linear infrared (IR) and Raman spectra for isotopically dilute HOD in D2O confined in hydroxylated amorphous silica slit pores. The effect of slit-pore width and hydroxyl density on the silica surface on the vibrational spectra is also investigated. The primary effect of confinement is a blueshift in the frequency of OH groups donating a hydrogen bond to the silica surface. This appears as a slight shift in the total (measurable) spectra but is clearly seen in the distance-based IR and Raman spectra. Analysis indicates that these changes upon confinement are associated with the weaker hydrogen-bond accepting properties of silica oxygens compared to water molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffery A Greathouse
- Geochemistry Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - Anastasia G Ilgen
- Geochemistry Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - Ward H Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
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6
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Wang YP, Ren K, Liu S. The joint effect of surface polarity and concentration on the structure and dynamics of acetonitrile solution: a molecular dynamics simulation study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:10322-10334. [PMID: 32363373 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00819b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The interfacial properties of the acetonitrile (ACN)-water-silica interface have great implications in both liquid chromatography and heterogeneous catalysis. We have performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of ACN and water binary solutions to give a comprehensive study of the collective effect of silica surface polarity and ACN concentration on interfacial structures and dynamics by tuning both surface charges and ACN concentration. MD simulation results indicate that many properties in the liquid-solid interface region undergo a monotonic change as the silica surface is tuned from polar to apolar due to the weakening of hydrogen bonding, while their dependence on ACN concentration is presumably governed by the preferential adsorption of water at the silica surface over ACN. However, at apolar surfaces, the interfacial structures of both water and ACN behave like the liquid-vapor interface, and this resemblance leads to an enrichment of ACN at the interface as well as accelerated dynamics, which is very different from that in the bulk solution. The organization of ACN molecules at both polar and apolar surfaces can be attributed to the amphiphilic nature of ACN, by which the micro-heterogeneity domain formed can persist both in the bulk and at the liquid-solid interface. Moreover, extending diffusion analysis to the second layer of the interface shows that the interfacial transport pathways at polar surfaces are likely very different from that of apolar surfaces. These simulation results give a full spectrum description of the ACN/water liquid-solid interface at the microscopic level and will be helpful for explaining related spectroscopic experiments and understanding the microscopic mechanisms of separation protocols in current chromatography applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Peng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China.
| | - Kezhou Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China.
| | - Shule Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China.
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7
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Zheng W, Yamada SA, Hung ST, Sun W, Zhao L, Fayer MD. Enhanced Menshutkin SN2 Reactivity in Mesoporous Silica: The Influence of Surface Catalysis and Confinement. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:5636-5648. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weizhong Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Steven A. Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Samantha T. Hung
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Weizhen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Michael D. Fayer
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Ward H. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
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9
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Rehl B, Li Z, Gibbs JM. Influence of High pH on the Organization of Acetonitrile at the Silica/Water Interface Studied by Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:4445-4454. [PMID: 29580058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b04289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The acetonitrile-water mixture is one of the most commonly used solvents in hydrophilic interaction chromatography, which contains silica as the solid phase. As such, the silica/acetonitrile-water interface plays a large role in the separation of compounds. Varying the pH is one way to influence retention times, particularly of ionizable solutes, yet the influence of high pH is often unpredictable. To determine how the structure of this interface changes with pH, we utilized the surface specific technique sum frequency generation (SFG). Previous SFG studies at neutral pH have suggested the existence of acetonitrile bilayers at the aqueous silica interface even at low acetonitrile mole fractions. Here we find that the SFG signal from 2900 to 3040 cm-1 at the silica/acetonitrile-water interface increased as we adjusted the aqueous pH from near neutral to high values. This increase in signal was attributed to a greater amount of aligned water which is consistent with an increase in silica surface charge at high pH. In contrast, complementary measurements of the silica/acetonitrile-deuterium oxide interface revealed that the acetonitrile methyl mode nearly vanished as the aqueous pH was increased. This loss of methyl mode signal is indicative of a decrease in the number density of acetonitrile molecules at the interface, as orientation analysis indicates no significant change in the net orientation of the outer leaflet of the acetonitrile bilayer over the pH range studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Rehl
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| | - Julianne M Gibbs
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
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10
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Berne BJ, Fourkas JT, Walker RA, Weeks JD. Nitriles at Silica Interfaces Resemble Supported Lipid Bilayers. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:1605-13. [PMID: 27525616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nitriles are important solvents not just for bulk reactions but also for interfacial processes such as separations, heterogeneous catalysis, and electrochemistry. Although nitriles have a polar end and a lipophilic end, the cyano group is not hydrophilic enough for these substances to be thought of as prototypical amphiphiles. This picture is now changing, as research is revealing that at a silica surface nitriles can organize into structures that, in many ways, resemble lipid bilayers. This unexpected organization may be a key component of unique interfacial behavior of nitriles that make them the solvents of choice for so many applications. The first hints of this lipid-bilayer-like (LBL) organization of nitriles at silica interfaces came from optical Kerr effect (OKE) experiments on liquid acetonitrile confined in the pores of sol-gel glasses. The orientational dynamics revealed by OKE spectroscopy suggested that the confined liquid is composed of a relatively immobile sublayer of molecules that accept hydrogen bonds from the surface silanol groups and an interdigitated, antiparallel layer that is capable of exchanging into the centers of the pores. This picture of acetonitrile has been borne out by molecular dynamics simulations and vibrational sum-frequency generation (VSFG) experiments. Remarkably, these simulations further indicate that the LBL organization is repeated with increasing disorder at least 20 Å into the liquid from a flat silica surface. Simulations and VSFG and OKE experiments indicate that extending the alkyl chain to an ethyl group leads to the formation of even more tightly packed LBL organization featuring entangled alkyl tails. When the alkyl portion of the molecule is a bulky t-butyl group, packing constraints prevent well-ordered LBL organization of the liquid. In each case, the surface-induced organization of the liquid is reflected in its interfacial dynamics. Acetonitrile/water mixtures are favored solvent systems for separations technologies such as hydrophilic interaction chromatography. Simulations had suggested that although a monolayer of water partitions to the silica surface in such mixtures, acetonitrile tends to associate with this monolayer. VSFG experiments reveal that, even at high water mole fractions, patches of well-ordered acetonitrile bilayers remain at the silica surface. Due to its ability to donate and accept hydrogen bonds, methanol also partitions to a silica surface in acetonitrile/methanol mixtures and can serve to take the place of acetonitrile in the sublayer closest to the surface. These studies reveal that liquid nitriles can exhibit an unexpected wealth of new organizational and dynamic behaviors at silica surfaces, and presumably at the surfaces of other chemically important materials as well. This behavior cannot be predicted from the bulk organization of these liquids. Our new understanding of the interfacial behavior of these liquids will have important implications for optimizing a wide range of chemical processes in nitrile solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce J. Berne
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | | | - Robert A. Walker
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, P.O. Box 173400, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
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12
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Burris PC, Laage D, Thompson WH. Simulations of the infrared, Raman, and 2D-IR photon echo spectra of water in nanoscale silica pores. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:194709. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4949766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paul C. Burris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - Damien Laage
- Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8640 PASTEUR, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ward H. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
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Wells RH, Thompson WH. What Determines the Location of a Small Solute in a Nanoconfined Liquid? J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:12446-54. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b04770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert H. Wells
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Ward H. Thompson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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14
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Harvey JA, Thompson WH. Thermodynamic Driving Forces for Dye Molecule Position and Orientation in Nanoconfined Solvents. J Phys Chem B 2014; 119:9150-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp509051n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A. Harvey
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Ward H. Thompson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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15
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Thompson WH. Structure, dynamics and hydrogen bonding of acetonitrile in nanoscale silica pores. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2014.926550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Norton CD, Thompson WH. Reorientation Dynamics of Nanoconfined Acetonitrile: A Critical Examination of Two-State Models. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:8227-35. [DOI: 10.1021/jp501363q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra D. Norton
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Ward H. Thompson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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17
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Rivera CA, Bender JS, Manfred K, Fourkas JT. Persistence of Acetonitrile Bilayers at the Interface of Acetonitrile/Water Mixtures with Silica. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:12060-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4045572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Rivera
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, ‡Institute for Physical Science & Technology, §Maryland NanoCenter, ∥Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, ⊥Chemical Physics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - John S. Bender
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, ‡Institute for Physical Science & Technology, §Maryland NanoCenter, ∥Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, ⊥Chemical Physics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Katherine Manfred
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, ‡Institute for Physical Science & Technology, §Maryland NanoCenter, ∥Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, ⊥Chemical Physics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - John T. Fourkas
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, ‡Institute for Physical Science & Technology, §Maryland NanoCenter, ∥Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, ⊥Chemical Physics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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18
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Matyushov DV. Non-Ergodic Electron Transfer in Mixed-Valence Charge-Transfer Complexes. J Phys Chem Lett 2012; 3:1644-1648. [PMID: 26285722 DOI: 10.1021/jz300630t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Theories of activated transitions traditionally separate the dynamics and statistics of the thermal bath in the reaction rate into the preexponential frequency factor for the dynamics and a Boltzmann factor for the statistics. When the reaction rate is comparable to relaxation frequencies of the medium, the statistics loses ergodicity and the activation barrier becomes dependent on the medium dynamics. This scenario is realized for mixed-valence self-exchange electron transfer at temperatures near the point of solvent crystallization. These complexes, studied by Kubiak and coworkers, display anti-Arrhenius temperature dependence on lowering temperature when approaching crystallization; that is, the reaction rate increases nonlinearly in Arrhenius coordinates. Accordingly, the solvent relaxation slows down following a power temperature law. With this functional form for the relaxation time, nonergodic reaction kinetics accounts well for the observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V Matyushov
- Center for Biological Physics, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871504, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1504, United States
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19
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Yoshida K, Yamaguchi T, Kittaka S, Bellissent-Funel MC, Fouquet P. Neutron spin echo measurements of monolayer and capillary condensed water in MCM-41 at low temperatures. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2012; 24:064101. [PMID: 22277165 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/6/064101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Neutron spin echo measurements of monolayer and capillary condensed heavy water (D(2)O) confined in MCM-41 C10 (pore diameter 2.10 nm) were performed in a temperature range of 190-298 K. The intermediate scattering functions were analyzed by the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts stretched exponential function. The relaxation times of confined D(2)O in the capillary condensed state follow remarkably well the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann equation between 298 and 220 K, whereas below 220 K they show an Arrhenius type behavior. That is, the fragile-to-strong (FTS) dynamic crossover occurs, which has never been seen in experiments on bulk water. On the other hand, for monolayer D(2)O, the FTS dynamic crossover was not observed in the temperature range measured. The FTS dynamic crossover observed in capillary condensed water would take place in the central region of the pore, not near the pore surface. Because the tetrahedral-like water structure in the central region of the pore is more preserved than that near the pore surface, the FTS dynamic crossover would be concerned with the tetrahedral-like water structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yoshida
- Advanced Materials Institute and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
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Qian KK, Bogner RH. Application of Mesoporous Silicon Dioxide and Silicate in Oral Amorphous Drug Delivery Systems. J Pharm Sci 2012; 101:444-63. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Yamaguchi T, Sugino H, Ito K, Yoshida K, Kittaka S. X-ray diffraction study on monolayer and capillary-condensed acetonitrile in mesoporous MCM-41 at low temperatures. J Mol Liq 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2011.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Morales CM, Thompson WH. Molecular-level mechanisms of vibrational frequency shifts in a polar liquid. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:7597-605. [PMID: 21608988 DOI: 10.1021/jp201591c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A molecular-level analysis of the origins of the vibrational frequency shifts of the CN stretching mode in neat liquid acetonitrile is presented. The frequency shifts and infrared spectrum are calculated using a perturbation theory approach within a molecular dynamics simulation and are in good agreement with measured values reported in the literature. The resulting instantaneous frequency of each nitrile group is decomposed into the contributions from each molecule in the liquid and by interaction type. This provides a detailed picture of the mechanisms of frequency shifts, including the number of surrounding molecules that contribute to the shift, the relationship between their position and relative contribution, and the roles of electrostatic and van der Waals interactions. These results provide insight into what information is contained in infrared (IR) and Raman spectra about the environment of the probed vibrational mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Morales
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin 54702, USA
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Gardeniers HJGE. Chemistry in nanochannel confinement. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 394:385-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2672-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2008] [Revised: 01/29/2009] [Accepted: 02/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kittaka S, Morimura M, Ishimaru S, Morino A, Ueda K. Effect of confinement on the fluid properties of ammonia in mesopores of MCM-41 and SBA-15. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:1718-1724. [PMID: 19170649 DOI: 10.1021/la803019h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The effect of pore size on capillary condensation and solid-liquid phase changes of ammonia in MCM-41 and SBA-15 was studied by adsorption and FTIR measurements of condensed phases at low temperatures. Adsorption isotherms are all typical type IV on the fully hydroxylated surfaces, without hysteresis loops in the smaller pores (d < 2.4 nm). In the larger pores, hysteresis loops appear at lower temperatures and disappear with increasing temperature, i.e., the capillary critical phenomenon was detected (hysteresis critical point). The criticality of the adsorption hysteresis loop is very similar to that for nonpolar nitrogen in mesopores of various shapes, suggesting that this is a universal phenomenon among fluids in mesopores. Freezing and melting of capillary-condensed ammonia were observed by FTIR spectroscopy. The melting temperature of capillary-condensed ammonia decreased with decreasing pore size, which is similar in the behavior of freezing. In the smaller pores (d < 2.4 nm); however, ammonia was not frozen. It is suggested that the capillary-condensed inner part, i.e., inside the ammonia monolayer, is affected too much by the pore wall and/or is too small in volume to crystallize. In the larger pores of SBA-15, crystallization is remarkably segregated from ammonia molecules strongly coordinated to surface hydroxyls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeharu Kittaka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridaicho,Okayama 700-0005, Japan
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Gulmen TS, Thompson WH. Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations of acetonitrile filling of silica pores of varying hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:1103-1111. [PMID: 19113811 DOI: 10.1021/la801896g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations have been used to determine the equilibrium density of acetonitrile in model amorphous silica pores with varying radius and surface chemistry. Pores of diameter approximately 2-4 nm were considered with different ratios of surface -OH moieties to -OC(CH(3))(3) groups. The calculations found that the acetonitrile density in the interior of all the pores is essentially identical with that of the bulk liquid. On the other hand, a slightly elevated liquid density is observed near the pore surface for pores with only -OH surface moieties. Replacement of surface -OH groups with -OC(CH(3))(3) units lengthens the liquid/pore interfacial region as acetonitrile molecules can insert themselves between the -OC(CH(3))(3) units. The results indicate that the major effect of changing the surface functionality comes from the differences in excluded volume rather than hydrogen-bonding effects. Finally, the choice of the acetonitrile potential can qualitatively change the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolga S Gulmen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
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Kittaka S, Sou K, Yamaguchi T, Tozaki KI. Thermodynamic and FTIR studies of supercooled water confined to exterior and interior of mesoporous MCM-41. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:8538-43. [DOI: 10.1039/b905258e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Morales CM, Thompson WH. Simulations of Infrared Spectra of Nanoconfined Liquids: Acetonitrile Confined in Nanoscale, Hydrophilic Silica Pores. J Phys Chem A 2008; 113:1922-33. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8072969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ward H. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
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Zhong Q, Fourkas JT. Optical Kerr Effect Spectroscopy of Simple Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:15529-39. [DOI: 10.1021/jp807730u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, and Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - John T. Fourkas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, and Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
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Kittaka S, Kuranishi M, Ishimaru S, Umahara O. Phase separation of acetonitrile-water mixtures and minimizing of ice crystallites from there in confinement of MCM-41. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:091103. [PMID: 17362095 DOI: 10.1063/1.2712432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of confinement of an acetonitrile-water mixture, whose correlation length was comparable to the pore size of the mesopores of MCM-41 (d=2.4-3.6 nm), on the phase changes was studied. Used techniques were low temperature differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, where the phase separation, lowering of the freezing and melting temperatures, and phase transitions of the acetonitrile were detected. The latter occurred in the mesopores at temperatures similar to that of the pure liquid, while the melting temperature of the water in the mesopores<3.1 nm decreased markedly at higher acetonitrile contents, suggesting a marked lowering of ice crystallite size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeharu Kittaka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridaicho, Okayama 700-0005, Japan.
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Kittaka S, Ishimaru S, Kuranishi M, Matsuda T, Yamaguchi T. Enthalpy and interfacial free energy changes of water capillary condensed in mesoporous silica, MCM-41 and SBA-15. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2006; 8:3223-31. [PMID: 16902715 DOI: 10.1039/b518365k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of confinement on the solid-liquid phase transitions of water was studied by using DSC and FT-IR measurements. Enthalpy changes upon melting of frozen water in MCM-41 and SBA-15 were determined as a function of pore size and found to decrease with decreasing pore size. The melting point also decreased almost monotonically with a decrease in pore size. Analysis of the Gibbs-Thomson relation on the basis of the thermodynamic data showed that there were two stages of interfacial free energy change after the constant region, i.e., below a pore size of 6.0 nm: a gradual decrease down to 3.4 nm and another decrease after a small jump upward. This fact demonstrates that the simple Gibbs-Thomson relation, i.e., a linear relation between the melting point change and the inverse pore size, is limited to the range not far from the melting point of bulk water. FT-IR measurements suggest that the decrease in enthalpy change and interfacial free energy change with decreasing pore size reflect the similarity of the structures of both liquid and solid phases of water in smaller pores at lower temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeharu Kittaka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridaicho, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan
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