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Grempka A, Dziubak D, Puszko AK, Bachurska-Szpala P, Ivanov M, Vilarinho PM, Pulka-Ziach K, Sek S. Stimuli-Responsive Oligourea Molecular Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:31817-31825. [PMID: 38848259 PMCID: PMC11194770 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
We have designed and synthesized a helical cysteamine-terminated oligourea foldamer composed of ten urea residues featuring side carboxyl and amine groups. The carboxyl group is located in proximity to the C-terminus of the oligourea and hence at the negative pole of the helix dipole. The amine group is located close to the N-terminus and hence at the positive pole of the helix dipole. Beyond the already remarkable dipole moment inherent in oligourea 2.5 helices, the incorporation of additional charges originating from the carboxylic and amine groups is supposed to impact the overall charge distribution along the molecule. These molecules were self-assembled into monolayers on a gold substrate, allowing us to investigate the influence of an electric field on these polar helices. By applying surface-enhanced infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy, we proved that molecules within the monolayers tend to reorient themselves more vertically when a negative bias is applied to the surface. It was also found that surface-confined oligourea molecules affected by the external electric field tend to rearrange the electron density at urea groups, leading to the stabilization of the resonance structure with charge transfer character. The presence of the external electric field also affected the nanomechanical properties of the oligourea films, suggesting that molecules also tend to reorient in the ambient environment without an electrolyte solution. Under the same conditions, the helical oligourea displayed a robust piezoresponse, particularly noteworthy given the slender thickness of the monolayer, which measured approximately 1.2 nm. This observation demonstrates that thin molecular films composed of oligoureas may exhibit stimulus-responsive properties. This, in turn, may be used in nanotechnology systems as actuators or functional films, enabling precise control of their thickness in the range of even fractions of nanometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Grempka
- Biological
and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 101, Warsaw 02-089, Poland
| | - Damian Dziubak
- Biological
and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 101, Warsaw 02-089, Poland
| | - Anna K. Puszko
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | | | - Maxim Ivanov
- Department
of Materials and Ceramic Engineering & CICECO—Aveiro Institute
of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paula M. Vilarinho
- Department
of Materials and Ceramic Engineering & CICECO—Aveiro Institute
of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Slawomir Sek
- Biological
and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 101, Warsaw 02-089, Poland
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2
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Toren Y, Vilan A, Amdursky N. Solid-State Electron Transport Through Carbon Dots Junctions: The Role of Boron and Phosphorus Doping. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2301371. [PMID: 36932877 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are a new class of nanoparticles that gained widespread attention recently because of their easy preparation, water solubility, biocompatibility, and bright luminescence, leading to their integration in various applications. Despite their nm-scale and proven electron transfer capabilities, the solid-state electron transport (ETp) across single CDs was never explored. Here, a molecular junction configuration is used to explore the ETp across CDs as a function of their chemical structure using both DC-bias current-voltage and AC-bias impedance measurements. CDs are used with Nitrogen and Sulfur as exogenous atoms and doped with small amounts of Boron and Phosphorous. It is shown that the presence of P and B highly improves the ETp efficiency across the CDs, yet without an indication of a change in the dominant charge carrier. Instead, structural characterizations reveal significant changes in the chemical species across the CDs: the formation of sulfonates and graphitic Nitrogen. Temperature-dependent measurements and normalized differential conductance analysis reveal that the ETp mechanism across the CDs behaves as tunneling, which is common to all CDs used here. The study shows that the conductivity of CDs is on par with that of sophisticated molecular wires, suggesting CDs as new 'green' candidates for molecular electronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Toren
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Ayelet Vilan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Nadav Amdursky
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
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3
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Huez C, Guérin D, Lenfant S, Volatron F, Calame M, Perrin ML, Proust A, Vuillaume D. Redox-controlled conductance of polyoxometalate molecular junctions. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:13790-13800. [PMID: 36102689 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03457c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the reversible in situ photoreduction of molecular junctions of a phosphomolybdate [PMo12O40]3- monolayer self-assembled on flat gold electrodes, connected by the tip of a conductive atomic force microscope. The conductance of the one electron reduced [PMo12O40]4- molecular junction is increased by ∼10, and this open-shell state is stable in the junction in air at room temperature. The analysis of a large current-voltage dataset by unsupervised machine learning and clustering algorithms reveals that the electron transport in the pristine phosphomolybdate junctions leads to symmetric current-voltage curves, controlled by the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) at 0.6-0.7 eV above the Fermi energy with ∼25% of the junctions having a better electronic coupling to the electrodes than the main part of the dataset. This analysis also shows that a small fraction (∼18% of the dataset) of the molecules is already reduced. The UV light in situ photoreduced phosphomolybdate junctions systematically feature slightly asymmetric current-voltage behaviors, which is ascribed to the electron transport mediated by the single occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) nearly at resonance with the Fermi energy of the electrodes and by a closely located single unoccupied molecular orbital (SUMO) at ∼0.3 eV above the SOMO with a weak electronic coupling to the electrodes (∼50% of the dataset) or at ∼0.4 eV but with a better electrode coupling (∼50% of the dataset). These results shed light on the electronic properties of reversible switchable redox polyoxometalates, a key point for potential applications in nanoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Huez
- Institute for Electronics Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), CNRS, University of Lille, Av. Poincaré, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - David Guérin
- Institute for Electronics Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), CNRS, University of Lille, Av. Poincaré, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - Stéphane Lenfant
- Institute for Electronics Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), CNRS, University of Lille, Av. Poincaré, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - Florence Volatron
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Michel Calame
- EMPA, Transport at the Nanoscale Laboratory, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Dept. of Physics and Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mickael L Perrin
- EMPA, Transport at the Nanoscale Laboratory, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Proust
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Dominique Vuillaume
- Institute for Electronics Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), CNRS, University of Lille, Av. Poincaré, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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4
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Scaini D, Biscarini F, Casalis L, Albonetti C. Substrate roughness influence on the order of nanografted Self-Assembled Monolayers. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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5
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Ahmad K, Yang Q, Martini A. Simulations of Friction Anisotropy on Self-Assembled Monolayers in Water. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:6273-6280. [PMID: 35549237 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to study nanoscale friction on hydrophilic and hydrophobic self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) immersed in water. Sliding was simulated in two different directions to capture anisotropy due to the direction of motion relative to the inherent tilted orientation of the molecules. It was shown that friction depends on both hydrophobicity and sliding direction, with the highest friction observed for sliding on hydrophobic SAM in the direction against the initial orientation of the molecules. The origins of the friction trends were analyzed by differentiating the tip-SAM and tip-water force contributions to friction. The tip-water force was higher on the hydrophilic SAM, and this was shown to be due to the presence of a dense layer of water adjacent to the surface and hydrogen bonding. In contrast, the tip-SAM force was higher on the hydrophobic SAM due to a water depletion layer, which enabled the tip to be closer to the SAM terminal group. The higher-friction cases all exhibited greater penetration of the tip below the surface of the SAM, accommodated by further tilting and reorientation of the SAM molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khurshid Ahmad
- US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Quanpeng Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California-Merced, 5200 N. Lake Road, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Ashlie Martini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California-Merced, 5200 N. Lake Road, Merced, California 95343, United States
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6
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Kim Y. Photoswitching Molecular Junctions: Platforms and Electrical Properties. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:2368-2383. [PMID: 32777151 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Remarkable advances in technology have enabled the manipulation of individual molecules and the creation of molecular electronic devices utilizing single and ensemble molecules. Maturing the field of molecular electronics has led to the development of functional molecular devices, especially photoswitching or photochromic molecular junctions, which switch electronic properties under external light irradiation. This review introduces and summarizes the platforms for investigating the charge transport in single and ensemble photoswitching molecular junctions as well as the electronic properties of diverse photoswitching molecules such as diarylethene, azobenzene, dihydropyrene, and spiropyran. Furthermore, the article discusses the remaining challenges and the direction for moving forward in this area for future photoswitching molecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngsang Kim
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA.,Current address, 7644 Ambrose way, California, 95831, USA
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7
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Bonnet R, Lenfant S, Mazérat S, Mallah T, Vuillaume D. Long-range electron transport in Prussian blue analog nanocrystals. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:20374-20385. [PMID: 33020768 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06971j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report electron transport measurements through nano-scale devices consisting of 1 to 3 Prussian blue analog (PBA) nanocrystals connected between two electrodes. We compare two types of cubic nanocrystals, CsCoIIIFeII (15 nm) and CsNiIICrIII (6 nm), deposited on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite and contacted by conducting-AFM. The measured currents show an exponential dependence with the length of the PBA nano-device (up to 45 nm), with low decay factors β, in the range 0.11-0.18 nm-1 and 0.25-0.34 nm-1 for the CsCoFe and the CsNiCr nanocrystals, respectively. From the theoretical analysis of the current-voltage curve for the nano-scale device made of a single nanoparticle, we deduce that the electron transport is mediated by the localized d bands at around 0.5 eV from the electrode Fermi energy in the two cases. By comparison with previously reported ab initio calculations, we tentatively identify the involved orbitals as the filled Fe(ii)-t2g d band (HOMO) for CsCoFe and the half-filled Ni(ii)-eg d band (SOMO) for CsNiCr. Conductance values measured for multi-nanoparticle nano-scale devices (2 and 3 nanocrystals between the electrodes) are consistent with a multi-step coherent tunneling in the off-resonance regime between adjacent PBAs, a simple model gives a strong coupling (around 0.1-0.25 eV) between the adjacent PBA nanocrystals, mediated by electrostatic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roméo Bonnet
- Institute for Electronics Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), CNRS, Av. Poincaré, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - Stéphane Lenfant
- Institute for Electronics Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), CNRS, Av. Poincaré, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - Sandra Mazérat
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France.
| | - Talal Mallah
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France.
| | - Dominique Vuillaume
- Institute for Electronics Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), CNRS, Av. Poincaré, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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8
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Audi H, Viero Y, Alwhaibi N, Chen Z, Iazykov M, Heynderickx A, Xiao F, Guérin D, Krzeminski C, Grace IM, Lambert CJ, Siri O, Vuillaume D, Lenfant S, Klein H. Electrical molecular switch addressed by chemical stimuli. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:10127-10139. [PMID: 32352127 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02461a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that the conductance switching of benzo-bis(imidazole) molecules upon protonation depends on the lateral functional groups. The protonated H-substituted molecule shows a higher conductance than the neutral one (Gpro > Gneu), while the opposite (Gneu > Gpro) is observed for a molecule laterally functionalized by amino-phenyl groups. These results are demonstrated at various scale lengths: self-assembled monolayers, tiny nanodot-molecule junctions and single molecules. From ab initio theoretical calculations, we conclude that for the H-substituted molecule, the result Gpro > Gneu is correctly explained by a reduction of the LUMO-HOMO gap, while for the amino-phenyl functionnalized molecule, the result Gneu > Gpro is consistent with a shift of the HOMO, which reduces the density of states at the Fermi energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Audi
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
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9
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Vuillaume D. Molecular Electronics: From Single‐Molecule to Large‐Area Devices. Chempluschem 2019; 84:1215-1221. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Vuillaume
- Institute for Electronics Microelectronics and Nanotechnology CNRSUniversité de Lille Avenue Poincaré CS60069, 59652 cedex Villeneuve d'Ascq France
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10
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Dalla Francesca K, Lenfant S, Laurans M, Volatron F, Izzet G, Humblot V, Methivier C, Guerin D, Proust A, Vuillaume D. Charge transport through redox active [H 7P 8W 48O 184] 33- polyoxometalates self-assembled onto gold surfaces and gold nanodots. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:1863-1878. [PMID: 30637426 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr09377f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Polyoxometalates (POMs) are redox-active molecular oxides, which attract growing interest for their integration into nano-devices, such as high-density data storage non-volatile memories. In this work, we investigated the electrostatic deposition of the negatively charged [H7P8W48O184]33- POM onto positively charged 8-amino-1-octanethiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) preformed onto gold substrates or onto an array of gold nanodots. The ring-shaped [H7P8W48O184]33- POM was selected as an example of large POMs with high charge storage capacity. To avoid the formation of POM aggregates onto the substrates, which would introduce variability in the local electrical properties, special attention has to be paid to the preformed SAM seeding layer, which should itself be deprived of aggregates. Where necessary, rinsing steps were found to be crucial to eliminate these aggregates and to provide uniformly covered substrates for subsequent POM deposition and electrical characterizations. This especially holds for commercially available gold/glass substrates while these rinsing steps were not essential in the case of template stripped gold of very low roughness. Charge transport through the related molecular junctions and nanodot molecule junctions (NMJs) has been probed by conducting-AFM. We analyzed the current-voltage curves with different models: electron tunneling though the SAMs (Simmons model), transition voltage spectroscopy (TVS) method or molecular single energy level mediated transport (Landauer equation) and we discussed the energetics of the molecular junctions. We concluded to an energy level alignment of the alkyl spacer and POM lowest occupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs), probably due to dipolar effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Dalla Francesca
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, IPCM, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
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11
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Athanasopoulou EN, Nianias N, Ong QK, Stellacci F. Bimodal atomic force microscopy for the characterization of thiolated self-assembled monolayers. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:23027-23036. [PMID: 30507983 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr07657j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Surface coatings are becoming an integral part of materials. In recent years, molecular coatings have found larger acceptance and uses. Among them, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are attractive due to their inherent versatility, manufacturability, and scale up ease. Understanding their structure-properties relationships in realistic conditions remains a major challenge. Here we present a methodology based on simultaneous topographical and nanomechanical characterization of SAMs using a commercially available setup for bimodal atomic force microscopy (AFM). It allows for accurate and quantitative measurement of surface elasticity, which is correlated to molecular ordering through topographical imaging. Our results indicate that effective surface elasticity (E*) scales with monolayer formation-time and ligand-length, parameters known to affect ligand ordering. The method developed, is extended to provide localization of the chemical species present in thiolated binary SAMs. Within the systems tested phase separation down to ∼10 nm domains could be observed both in the topography and in the elasticity channel.
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12
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Herrer L, Sebastian V, Martín S, González-Orive A, Pérez-Murano F, Low PJ, Serrano JL, Santamaría J, Cea P. High surface coverage of a self-assembled monolayer by in situ synthesis of palladium nanodeposits. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:13281-13290. [PMID: 28858363 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr03365f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nascent metal|monolayer|metal devices have been fabricated by depositing palladium, produced through a CO-confined growth method, onto a self-assembled monolayer of an amine-terminated oligo(phenylene ethynylene) derivative on a gold bottom electrode. The high surface area coverage (85%) of the organic monolayer by densely packed palladium particles was confirmed by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The electrical properties of these nascent Au|monolayer|Pd assemblies were determined from the I-V curves recorded with a conductive-AFM using the Peak Force Tunneling AFM (PF-TUNA™) mode. The I-V curves together with the electrochemical experiments performed rule out the formation of short-circuits due to palladium penetration through the monolayer, suggesting that the palladium deposition strategy is an effective method for the fabrication of molecular junctions without damaging the organic layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Herrer
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Campus Río Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain. and Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Campus Río Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquilor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain and Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Victor Sebastian
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Campus Río Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain. and Networking Biomedical Research Center of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, 28029 Madrid, Spain and Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología del Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquilor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Santiago Martín
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain and Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alejandro González-Orive
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Campus Río Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain. and Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Campus Río Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquilor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain and Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Francesc Pérez-Murano
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Paul J Low
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - José Luis Serrano
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Campus Río Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain. and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús Santamaría
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Campus Río Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain. and Networking Biomedical Research Center of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, 28029 Madrid, Spain and Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología del Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquilor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Cea
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Campus Río Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain. and Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Campus Río Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquilor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain and Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
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13
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Tu Q, Kim HS, Oweida TJ, Parlak Z, Yingling YG, Zauscher S. Interfacial Mechanical Properties of Graphene on Self-Assembled Monolayers: Experiments and Simulations. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:10203-10213. [PMID: 28230343 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b16593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) have been widely used to engineer the electronic properties of substrate-supported graphene devices. However, little is known about how the surface chemistry of SAMs affects the interfacial mechanical properties of graphene supported on SAMs. Fluctuations and changes in these properties affect the stress transfer between substrate and the supported graphene and thus the performance of graphene-based devices. The changes in interfacial mechanical properties can be characterized by measuring the out-of-plane elastic properties. Combining contact resonance atomic force microcopy experiments with molecular dynamics simulations, we show that the head group chemistry of a SAM, which affects the interfacial interactions, can have a significant effect on the out-of-plane elastic modulus of the graphene-SAM heterostructure. Graphene supported on hydrophobic SAMs leads to heterostructures stiffer than those of graphene supported on hydrophilic SAMs, which is largely due to fewer water molecules present at the graphene-SAM interface. Our results provide an important, and often overlooked, insight into the mechanical properties of substrate-supported graphene electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Tu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- NSF Research Triangle, Materials Research Science and Engineering Center , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Ho Shin Kim
- NSF Research Triangle, Materials Research Science and Engineering Center , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Thomas J Oweida
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Zehra Parlak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Yaroslava G Yingling
- NSF Research Triangle, Materials Research Science and Engineering Center , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Stefan Zauscher
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- NSF Research Triangle, Materials Research Science and Engineering Center , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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14
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Vilan A, Aswal D, Cahen D. Large-Area, Ensemble Molecular Electronics: Motivation and Challenges. Chem Rev 2017; 117:4248-4286. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayelet Vilan
- Department
of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - David Cahen
- Department
of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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15
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Smaali K, Desbief S, Foti G, Frederiksen T, Sanchez-Portal D, Arnau A, Nys JP, Leclère P, Vuillaume D, Clément N. On the mechanical and electronic properties of thiolated gold nanocrystals. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:1809-1819. [PMID: 25518743 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr06180b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a quantitative exploration, combining experiment and simulation, of the mechanical and electronic properties, as well as the modifications induced by an alkylthiolated coating, at the single nanoparticle (NP) level. We determined the response of the NPs to external pressure in a controlled manner using an atomic force microscope tip. We found a strong reduction in their Young's modulus, as compared to bulk gold, and a significant influence of strain on the electronic properties of the alkylthiolated NPs. Electron transport measurements of tiny molecular junctions (NP/alkylthiol/CAFM tip) show that the effective tunnelling barrier through the adsorbed monolayer strongly decreases by increasing the applied load, which translates in a remarkable and unprecedented increase in the tunnel current. These observations are successfully explained using simulations based on the finite element analysis (FEA) and first-principles calculations that permit one to consider the coupling between the mechanical response of the system and the electric dipole variations at the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Smaali
- Institute of Electronics, Microelectronics and Nanotechnology, CNRS, Avenue Poincaré, 59652, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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16
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Sek S. Review peptides and proteins wired into the electrical circuits: An SPM-based approach. Biopolymers 2013; 100:71-81. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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17
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Kim CM, Bechhoefer J. Conductive probe AFM study of Pt-thiol and Au-thiol contacts in metal-molecule-metal systems. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:014707. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4773436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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18
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Zhang J, Parlak Z, Bowers CM, Oas T, Zauscher S. Mapping mechanical properties of organic thin films by force-modulation microscopy in aqueous media. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 3:464-474. [PMID: 23019540 PMCID: PMC3458590 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.3.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of organic and biomolecular thin films on surfaces play an important role in a broad range of applications. Although force-modulation microscopy (FMM) is used to map the apparent elastic properties of such films with high lateral resolution in air, it has rarely been applied in aqueous media. In this letter we describe the use of FMM to map the apparent elastic properties of self-assembled monolayers and end-tethered protein thin films in aqueous media. Furthermore, we describe a simple analysis of the contact mechanics that enables the selection of FMM imaging parameters and thus yields a reliable interpretation of the FMM image contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Center for Biologically Inspired Materials and Materials Systems, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Zehra Parlak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Center for Biologically Inspired Materials and Materials Systems, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Box 3711, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Carleen M Bowers
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Terrence Oas
- Department of Biochemistry, Box 3711, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Stefan Zauscher
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Center for Biologically Inspired Materials and Materials Systems, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
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19
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Thuo MM, Reus WF, Nijhuis CA, Barber JR, Kim C, Schulz MD, Whitesides GM. Odd−Even Effects in Charge Transport across Self-Assembled Monolayers. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:2962-75. [DOI: 10.1021/ja1090436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin M. Thuo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - William F. Reus
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Christian A. Nijhuis
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Jabulani R. Barber
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Choongik Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Michael D. Schulz
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - George M. Whitesides
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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20
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Choi SH, Frisbie CD. Enhanced Hopping Conductivity in Low Band Gap Donor−Acceptor Molecular Wires Up to 20 nm in Length. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:16191-201. [DOI: 10.1021/ja1060142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seong Ho Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - C. Daniel Frisbie
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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21
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DelRio FW, Steffens KL, Jaye C, Fischer DA, Cook RF. Elastic, adhesive, and charge transport properties of a metal-molecule-metal junction: the role of molecular orientation, order, and coverage. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:1688-1699. [PMID: 19839640 DOI: 10.1021/la902653n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The elastic, adhesive, and charge transport properties of a metal-molecule-metal junction were studied via conducting-probe atomic force microscopy (AFM) and correlated with molecular structure by near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. The junctions consisted of Co-Cr-coated AFM tips in contact with methyl-terminated alkanethiols (CH(3)(CH(2))(n-1)SH, denoted by C(n), where n is the number of carbons in the molecular chain) on Au substrates. AFM contact data were analyzed with the Derjaguin-Muller-Toporov contact model, modified by a first-order elastic perturbation method to account for substrate effects, and a parabolic tunneling model, appropriate for a metal-insulator-metal junction in which the thickness of the insulator is comparable to the Fermi wavelength of the conducting electrons. NEXAFS carbon K-edge spectra were used to compute the dichroic ratio R(I) for each film, which provided a quantitative measure of the molecular structure as a function of n. As n decreased from 18 to 5, there was a change in the molecular phase from crystalline to amorphous (R(I) --> 0) and loss of surface coverage, and as a result, the work of adhesion w increased from 82.8 mJ m(-2) to 168.3 mJ m(-2), the Young's modulus of the film E(film) decreased from 1.0 to 0.15 GPa, and the tunneling barrier height phi(0) - E(F) decreased from 2.4 to 2.1 eV. For all n, the barrier thickness t decreased for small applied loads F and remained constant at approximately 2.2 nm for large F. The change in behavior was explained by the presence of two insulating layers: an oxide layer on the Co-Cr tip, and the alkanethiol monolayer on the Au surface. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the presence of an oxide layer on the Co-Cr tip, and by performing high-resolution region scans through the film, the thickness of the oxide layer t(oxide) was found to be between 1.9 and 3.9 nm. Finally, it was shown that phi(0) - E(F) is strain-dependent, and the strain at which the film is completely displaced from under the tip is -0.17 for all values of n.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank W DelRio
- Ceramics Division, Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA.
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22
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Maitani MM, Daniel TA, Cabarcos OM, Allara DL. Nascent Metal Atom Condensation in Self-Assembled Monolayer Matrices: Coverage-Driven Morphology Transitions from Buried Adlayers to Electrically Active Metal Atom Nanofilaments to Overlayer Clusters during Aluminum Atom Deposition on Alkanethiolate/Gold Monolayers. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:8016-29. [DOI: 10.1021/ja901376w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masato M. Maitani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Materials Research Institute, and Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Thomas A. Daniel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Materials Research Institute, and Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Orlando M. Cabarcos
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Materials Research Institute, and Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - David L. Allara
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Materials Research Institute, and Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
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Tivanski AV, Li JK, Walker GC. Pressure-induced restructuring of a monolayer film nanojunction produces threshold and power law conduction. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:2288-2293. [PMID: 18278960 DOI: 10.1021/la7032498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The electrical conduction of metal-molecule-metal junctions formed between Au-supported self-assembled monolayers of structurally different 1-hexanethiol, 1-decanethiol, and ferrocenyl-1-undecanethiol and a Pt-coated atomic force microscope (AFM) tip has been measured under different compression forces using conducting-probe AFM. The observed junction resistance had two distinct power law scaling changes with the compression force. Different scaling regions were assigned to the change in the contact area, tunneling distance, number of conduction pathways, and structure of the film under compression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei V Tivanski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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24
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Exploring Electronic Transport in Molecular Junctions by Conducting Atomic Force Microscopy. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2008; 285:157-202. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2007_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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25
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Song H, Lee H, Lee T. Intermolecular Chain-to-Chain Tunneling in Metal−Alkanethiol−Metal Junctions. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:3806-7. [PMID: 17348652 DOI: 10.1021/ja068875m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunwook Song
- Heeger Center for Advanced Materials and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Korea
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26
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Pokroy B, Aizenberg J. Calcite shape modulation through the lattice mismatch between the self-assembled monolayer template and the nucleated crystal face. CrystEngComm 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b710294a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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