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Gordillo-Gámez F, Gao Y, Aragó J, Ortí E, Aranda D, Kertesz M, Tykwinski RR, Casado J. Aggregation of One-Dimensional Wires: The Case of Long Oligoynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202404014. [PMID: 38934233 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
We show an unexpected aggregation phenomenon of a long oligoyne (Py[16]) with 16 contiguous triple bonds and endcapped with bulky 3,5-bi(3,5-bis-tert-butylphenyl)pyridine groups. Aggregation of 1D π-conjugated oligoyne chains is rare given the minimal π-π intermolecular interactions as well as its flexibility that works against self-assembly. In dilute solutions, the reversible aggregation of Py[16] initiates at low temperature in the range of 140-180 K, and is not observed for shorter oligoynes in this series. Cryogenic UV/Vis electronic absorption spectra and vibrational Raman spectra with different laser wavelength lines tuning from in-resonance to off-resonance conditions have been used to extract the vibrational features characterizing the monomer and aggregate species. Theoretical calculations complement the spectroscopic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Gordillo-Gámez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Andalucia-Tech, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Yueze Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Juan Aragó
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Enrique Ortí
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Daniel Aranda
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Miklos Kertesz
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Soft Matter, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.-20057-1227, United States
| | - Rik R Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Andalucia-Tech, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain
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2
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Zhang Y, Zhao J, Fang Y, Liu Y, Zhao X. Preparation of long linear carbon chain inside multi-walled carbon nanotubes by cooling enhanced hydrogen arc discharge method. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:17824-17833. [PMID: 30221270 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr05465g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Long linear carbon chains with sp hybridization inside multi-walled carbon nanotubes (LLCC@MWCNTs) can be prepared in the cathode deposits obtained by hydrogen arc discharge. In this work, a cooling system was introduced into the hydrogen arc discharge method to improve the growth yield of LLCC@MWCNTs samples, as indicated by the corresponding stronger Raman peaks between 1780 cm-1 and 1880 cm-1, compared with conventional systems. Moreover, the cooling largely expanded the narrow scope of suitable conditions for the preparation of LLCC@MWCNTs, and high purity samples were easily produced. Qualitative analysis of arc discharge process helped conclude that cooling helps to increase the temperature of arc plasma, which is beneficial to improve both the growth yield of LLCC@MWCNTs and the purity of MWCNTs. This work provides a new approach to improve the growth yield of LLCC@MWCNTs and will benefit further studies and future applications of this new one-dimensional allotrope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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3
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Chou CP, Witek H, Irle S. When finite becomes infinite: convergence properties of vibrational spectra of oligomer chains. J Mol Model 2018; 24:288. [PMID: 30242484 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-018-3824-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We present a computational study of convergence properties of vibrational IR and Raman spectra for a series of increasingly long units of polyethylene, cis- and trans-polyacetylenes, and polyynes. Convergent behavior to the spectra of infinitely long polymers was observed in all cases when chains reached lengths of approximately 60 carbon atoms, both with respect to the positions of the bands and to their intensities. The vibrational spectra of longer chains are practically indistinguishable. The convergence rate depends on the degree of the π conjugation in a studied system: Vibrational spectra for oligoethylenes converge noticeably faster than the spectra for the conjugated systems. The slowest convergence is observed for skeletal motions of the oligomer chains, which may require more than a hundred carbon atoms in the chain to show deviations smaller than 1 cm-1 to the corresponding solid-state calculations. The results suggest that the boundary between the properties of finite and infinite molecular systems fades away for a surprisingly small number of atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Pin Chou
- Institute of Molecular Science and Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan.,Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering (WISE), Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Henryk Witek
- Institute of Molecular Science and Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan. .,Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan.
| | - Stephan Irle
- Institute for Advanced Research and Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan. .,Computational Sciences and Engineering Division & Chemical Sciences Division, ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.
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4
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Shi L, Yanagi K, Cao K, Kaiser U, Ayala P, Pichler T. Extraction of Linear Carbon Chains Unravels the Role of the Carbon Nanotube Host. ACS NANO 2018; 12:8477-8484. [PMID: 30085656 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b04006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Linear carbon chains (LCCs) have been shown to grow inside double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs), but isolating them from this hosting material represents one of the most challenging tasks toward applications. Herein we report the extraction and separation of LCCs inside single-walled carbon nanotubes (LCCs@SWCNTs) extracted from a double-walled host LCCs@DWCNTs by applying a combined tip-ultrasonic and density gradient ultracentrifugation (DGU) process. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy, optical absorption, and Raman spectroscopy show that not only short LCCs but clearly long LCCs (LLCCs) can be extracted and separated from the host. Moreover, the LLCCs can even be condensed by DGU. The Raman spectral frequency of LCCs remains almost unchanged regardless of the presence of the outer tube of the DWCNTs. This suggests that the major importance of the outer tubes is making the whole synthesis viable. We have also been able to observe the interaction between the LCCs and the inner tubes of DWCNTs, playing a major role in modifying the optical properties of LCCs. Our extraction method suggests the possibility toward the complete isolation of LCCs from CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Faculty of Physics , University of Vienna , 1090 Wien , Austria
| | - Kazuhiro Yanagi
- Department of Physics , Tokyo Metropolitan University , 1-1 Minami-Osawa , Hachiouji, Tokyo 192-0397 , Japan
| | - Kecheng Cao
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Electron Microscopy Group of Materials Science , Ulm University , Ulm 89081 , Germany
| | - Ute Kaiser
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Electron Microscopy Group of Materials Science , Ulm University , Ulm 89081 , Germany
| | - Paola Ayala
- Faculty of Physics , University of Vienna , 1090 Wien , Austria
| | - Thomas Pichler
- Faculty of Physics , University of Vienna , 1090 Wien , Austria
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5
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Ha J, Jung HY, Hao J, Li B, Raeliarijaona A, Alarcón J, Terrones H, Ajayan PM, Jung YJ, Kim J, Kim D. Ultrafast structural evolution and formation of linear carbon chains in single-walled carbon nanotube networks by femtosecond laser irradiation. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:16627-16631. [PMID: 29086781 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05883g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Inter-allotropic structural transformation of sp2 structured nanocarbon is a topic of fundamental and technological interest in scalable nanomanufacturing. Such modifications usually require extremely high temperature or high-energy irradiation, and are usually a destructive and time-consuming process. Here, we demonstrate a method for engineering a molecular structure of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and their network properties by femtosecond laser irradiation. This method allows effective coalescence between SWNTs, transforming them into other allotropic nanocarbon structures (double-walled, triple-walled and multi-walled nanotubes) with the formation of linear carbon chains. The nanocarbon network created by this laser-induced transformation process shows extraordinarily strong coalescence induced mode in Raman spectra and two-times enhanced electrical conductivity. This work suggests a powerful method for engineering sp2 carbon allotropes and their junctions, which provides possibilities for next generation materials with structural hybridization at the atomic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghong Ha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Shi L, Rohringer P, Suenaga K, Niimi Y, Kotakoski J, Meyer JC, Peterlik H, Wanko M, Cahangirov S, Rubio A, Lapin ZJ, Novotny L, Ayala P, Pichler T. Confined linear carbon chains as a route to bulk carbyne. NATURE MATERIALS 2016; 15:634-9. [PMID: 27043782 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Strong chemical activity and extreme instability in ambient conditions characterize carbyne, an infinite sp(1) hybridized carbon chain. As a result, much less has been explored about carbyne as compared to other carbon allotropes such as fullerenes, nanotubes and graphene. Although end-capping groups can be used to stabilize carbon chains, length limitations are still a barrier for production, and even more so for application. We report a method for the bulk production of long acetylenic linear carbon chains protected by thin double-walled carbon nanotubes. The synthesis of very long arrangements is confirmed by a combination of transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and (near-field) resonance Raman spectroscopy. Our results establish a route for the bulk production of exceptionally long and stable chains composed of more than 6,000 carbon atoms, representing an elegant forerunner towards the final goal of carbyne's bulk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | | | - Kazu Suenaga
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Nanotube Research Centre, 305-8565 Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Niimi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Nanotube Research Centre, 305-8565 Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Jani Kotakoski
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Jannik C Meyer
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Herwig Peterlik
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Marius Wanko
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group and European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF), Universidad del País Vasco, CFM CSIC-UPV/EHU-MPC&DIPC, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Seymur Cahangirov
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group and European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF), Universidad del País Vasco, CFM CSIC-UPV/EHU-MPC&DIPC, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Angel Rubio
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group and European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF), Universidad del País Vasco, CFM CSIC-UPV/EHU-MPC&DIPC, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Lukas Novotny
- ETH Zürich, Photonics Laboratory, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Paola Ayala
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, 1090 Wien, Austria
- Yachay Tech University, School of Physical Sciences and Nanotechnology, 100119-Urcuquí, Ecuador
| | - Thomas Pichler
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, 1090 Wien, Austria
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7
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Casari CS, Tommasini M, Tykwinski RR, Milani A. Carbon-atom wires: 1-D systems with tunable properties. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:4414-35. [PMID: 26847474 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06175j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a discussion of the current state of research on linear carbon structures and related materials based on sp-hybridization of carbon atoms (polyynes and cumulenes). We show that such systems have widely tunable properties and thus represent an intriguing and mostly unexplored field for both fundamental and applied sciences. We discuss the rich interplay between the structural, vibrational, and electronic properties focusing on recent advances and the future perspectives of carbon-atom wires and novel hybrid sp-sp(2)-carbon architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Casari
- Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, via Ponzio 34/3, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - M Tommasini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering 'G. Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - R R Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Milani
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering 'G. Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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8
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Milani A, Tommasini M, Russo V, Li Bassi A, Lucotti A, Cataldo F, Casari CS. Raman spectroscopy as a tool to investigate the structure and electronic properties of carbon-atom wires. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 6:480-91. [PMID: 25821689 PMCID: PMC4362090 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.6.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Graphene, nanotubes and other carbon nanostructures have shown potential as candidates for advanced technological applications due to the different coordination of carbon atoms and to the possibility of π-conjugation. In this context, atomic-scale wires comprised of sp-hybridized carbon atoms represent ideal 1D systems to potentially downscale devices to the atomic level. Carbon-atom wires (CAWs) can be arranged in two possible structures: a sequence of double bonds (cumulenes), resulting in a 1D metal, or an alternating sequence of single-triple bonds (polyynes), expected to show semiconducting properties. The electronic and optical properties of CAWs can be finely tuned by controlling the wire length (i.e., the number of carbon atoms) and the type of termination (e.g., atom, molecular group or nanostructure). Although linear, sp-hybridized carbon systems are still considered elusive and unstable materials, a number of nanostructures consisting of sp-carbon wires have been produced and characterized to date. In this short review, we present the main CAW synthesis techniques and stabilization strategies and we discuss the current status of the understanding of their structural, electronic and vibrational properties with particular attention to how these properties are related to one another. We focus on the use of vibrational spectroscopy to provide information on the structural and electronic properties of the system (e.g., determination of wire length). Moreover, by employing Raman spectroscopy and surface enhanced Raman scattering in combination with the support of first principles calculations, we show that a detailed understanding of the charge transfer between CAWs and metal nanoparticles may open the possibility to tune the electronic structure from alternating to equalized bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Milani
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- NEMAS – Center for NanoEngineered Materials and Surfaces, Politecnico di Milano, via Ponzio 34/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Tommasini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- NEMAS – Center for NanoEngineered Materials and Surfaces, Politecnico di Milano, via Ponzio 34/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Valeria Russo
- NEMAS – Center for NanoEngineered Materials and Surfaces, Politecnico di Milano, via Ponzio 34/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, via Ponzio 34/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Li Bassi
- NEMAS – Center for NanoEngineered Materials and Surfaces, Politecnico di Milano, via Ponzio 34/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, via Ponzio 34/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Lucotti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- NEMAS – Center for NanoEngineered Materials and Surfaces, Politecnico di Milano, via Ponzio 34/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Franco Cataldo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ecologiche e Biologiche, Università della Tuscia, Via Camillo de Lellis, Viterbo, Italy
- Actinium Chemical Research srl, Via Casilina 1626A, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Carlo S Casari
- NEMAS – Center for NanoEngineered Materials and Surfaces, Politecnico di Milano, via Ponzio 34/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, via Ponzio 34/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
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9
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Lapin ZJ, Beams R, Cançado LG, Novotny L. Near-field Raman spectroscopy of nanocarbon materials. Faraday Discuss 2015; 184:193-206. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fd00050e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanocarbon materials, including sp2 hybridized two-dimensional graphene and one-dimensional carbon nanotubes, and sp1 hybridized one-dimensional carbyne, are being considered for the next generation of integrated optoelectronic devices. The strong electron–phonon coupling present in these nanocarbon materials makes Raman spectroscopy an ideal tool to study and characterize the material and device properties. Near-field Raman spectroscopy combines non-destructive chemical, electrical, and structural specificity with nanoscale spatial resolution, making it an ideal tool for studying nanocarbon systems. Here we use near-field Raman spectroscopy to study strain, defects, and doping in different nanocarbon systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan Beams
- Material Measurement Laboratory
- National Institute of Standards and Technology
- Gaithersburg
- USA
| | | | - Lukas Novotny
- Photonics Laboratory
- ETH Zürich
- 8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
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10
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Artyukhov VI, Liu M, Yakobson BI. Mechanically induced metal-insulator transition in carbyne. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:4224-9. [PMID: 24991984 DOI: 10.1021/nl5017317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
First-principles calculations for carbyne under strain predict that the Peierls transition from symmetric cumulene to broken-symmetry polyyne structure is enhanced as the material is stretched. Interpretation within a simple and instructive analytical model suggests that this behavior is valid for arbitrary 1D metals. Further, numerical calculations of the anharmonic quantum vibrational structure of carbyne show that zero-point atomic vibrations eliminate the Peierls distortion in the mechanically free chain, preserving the cumulene symmetry. The emergence and increase of Peierls dimerization under tension then implies a qualitative transition between the two forms, which our computations place around 3% strain. Thus, the competition between the zero-point vibrations and mechanical strain determines a switch in symmetry resulting in the transition from metallic state to a dielectric, with a small effective mass and a high carrier mobility. In any practical realization, it is important that the effect is also chemically modulated by the choice of terminating groups. These findings are promising for applications such as electromechanical switching and band gap tuning via strain, and besides carbyne itself, they directly extend to numerous other systems that show Peierls distortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilii I Artyukhov
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Department of Chemistry, and Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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11
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Zhang N, Chen X, Lu Y, An L, Li X, Xia D, Zhang Z, Li J. Nano-intermetallic AuCu₃ catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction: performance and mechanism. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:2662-2669. [PMID: 24678060 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201400068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper introduces a new approach for catalyst design using the non-precious metal Cu as one of the catalytic active centers. This differs from previous studies that considered precious metals to be responsible for the catalytic reaction in precious alloys. Intermetallic AuCu3/C nanoparticles with a diameter of 3 nm were developed for the first time, with uniform dispersion and a narrow size distribution. The ca. 3 nm as-synthesised AuCu3/C showed superior catalytic performance for oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) in alkaline solutions, with comparable half-wave potential and 1.5 times mass current density of commercial Pt/C at 0.80 V (vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)). The advanced catalytic activities are mainly attributed to the synergetic effects of electro-active atomic Au and Cu on the particle surface, in which Cu helps to activate the O2 molecule and Au benefits OH(-) desorption. The excellent durability and methanol tolerance exhibited in alkaline solutions provide another advantage for AuCu3/C to be considered as a potential alternative cathode catalyst in alkaline fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanlin Zhang
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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12
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Fazzi D, Scotognella F, Milani A, Brida D, Manzoni C, Cinquanta E, Devetta M, Ravagnan L, Milani P, Cataldo F, Lüer L, Wannemacher R, Cabanillas-Gonzalez J, Negro M, Stagira S, Vozzi C. Ultrafast spectroscopy of linear carbon chains: the case of dinaphthylpolyynes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:9384-91. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50508a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Zhang J, Feng Y, Ishiwata H, Miyata Y, Kitaura R, Dahl JEP, Carlson RMK, Shinohara H, Tománek D. Synthesis and transformation of linear adamantane assemblies inside carbon nanotubes. ACS NANO 2012; 6:8674-8683. [PMID: 22920674 DOI: 10.1021/nn303461q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report the assembly and thermal transformation of linear diamondoid assemblies inside carbon nanotubes. Our calculations and observations indicate that these molecules undergo selective reactions within the narrow confining space of a carbon nanotube. Upon vacuum annealing of adamantane molecules encapsulated in a carbon nanotube, we observe a sharp Raman feature at 1857 cm(-1), which we interpret as a stretching mode of carbon chains formed by thermal conversion of adamantane inside a carbon nanotube. Introduction of pure hydrogen during thermal annealing, however, suppresses the formation of carbon chains and seems to keep adamantane intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinying Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
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14
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Chalifoux WA, Ferguson MJ, McDonald R, Melin F, Echegoyen L, Tykwinski RR. Adamantyl-endcapped polyynes. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wesley A. Chalifoux
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; Edmonton; Alberta; T6G 2G2; Canada
| | - Michael J. Ferguson
- X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; Edmonton; Alberta; T6G 2G2; Canada
| | - Robert McDonald
- X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; Edmonton; Alberta; T6G 2G2; Canada
| | - Frederic Melin
- Institut de Chimie; Université de Strasbourg; 1 Rue Blaise Pascal; F-67070; Strasbourg; France
| | - Luis Echegoyen
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Texas at El Paso; El Paso; TX; 79968; USA
| | - Rik R. Tykwinski
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen Nürnberg; Henkestraße 42; 91054; Erlangen; Germany
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15
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Modulation of the electronic structure of polyconjugated organic molecules by geometry relaxation: A discussion based on local Raman parameters. J Mol Struct 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2010.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Yildizhan MM, Fazzi D, Milani A, Brambilla L, Del Zoppo M, Chalifoux WA, Tykwinski RR, Zerbi G. Photogenerated cumulenic structure of adamantyl endcapped linear carbon chains: An experimental and computational investigation based on infrared spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:124512. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3571451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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17
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Jahnke E, Tykwinski RR. The Fritsch-Buttenberg-Wiechell rearrangement: modern applications for an old reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:3235-49. [PMID: 20393642 DOI: 10.1039/c003170d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The Fritsch-Buttenberg-Wiechell rearrangement of carbene/carbenoid intermediates has evolved into a valuable synthetic methodology for the preparation of polyyne structures. Various synthetic routes toward the formation of the corresponding precursors, alkynyl-substituted dibromoolefins, have been developed. Additionally, the scope of this methodology is expanded significantly by the development of functional group-tolerant one-pot procedures. The preparation of various polyynes up to the octa- and decaynes is, thus, possible on a scale that enables thorough physico-chemical characterization. Hence, series of polyynes have been investigated by, e.g., UV-vis, IR- and Raman spectroscopy, as well as X-ray crystallography. These investigations give unique insight into the structural characteristics of longer polyynes and hint to the structure of carbyne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eike Jahnke
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Chalifoux W, McDonald R, Ferguson M, Tykwinski R. tert-Butyl-End-Capped Polyynes: Crystallographic Evidence of Reduced Bond-Length Alternation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:7915-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200902760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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19
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Kim S. Synthesis and Structural Analysis of One-Dimensional sp-Hybridized Carbon Chain Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:7740-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200904145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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20
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Kim S. Synthese und Strukturanalyse von eindimensionalen sp-hybridisierten Kohlenstoffketten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200904145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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21
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Chalifoux W, McDonald R, Ferguson M, Tykwinski R. Polyine mittert-Butyl-Endgruppen: kristallographischer Nachweis einer reduzierten Bindungslängenalternanz. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200902760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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22
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Lucotti A, Casari C, Tommasini M, Li Bassi A, Fazzi D, Russo V, Del Zoppo M, Castiglioni C, Cataldo F, Bottani C, Zerbi G. sp Carbon chain interaction with silver nanoparticles probed by Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering. Chem Phys Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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23
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Lucotti A, Tommasini M, Fazzi D, Del Zoppo M, Chalifoux WA, Ferguson MJ, Zerbi G, Tykwinski RR. Evidence for Solution-State Nonlinearity of sp-Carbon Chains Based on IR and Raman Spectroscopy: Violation of Mutual Exclusion. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:4239-44. [DOI: 10.1021/ja078198b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lucotti
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta” Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy, and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Matteo Tommasini
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta” Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy, and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Daniele Fazzi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta” Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy, and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Mirella Del Zoppo
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta” Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy, and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Wesley A. Chalifoux
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta” Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy, and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Michael J. Ferguson
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta” Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy, and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Giuseppe Zerbi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta” Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy, and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Rik R. Tykwinski
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta” Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy, and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
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Kertesz M, Yang S. Energetics of linear carbon chains in one-dimensional restricted environment. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:425-30. [PMID: 19089000 DOI: 10.1039/b812635f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The energetics of even and odd linear C(n) carbon chain clusters are investigated by hybrid density functional theory (DFT) calculations. These molecular species are especially interesting due to their recent observation inside carbon nanotubes by polarized resonant Raman spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) by different research groups. Neutral, anionic and dianionic carbon chains were studied with sizes up to n=75, although most presented calculations are limited to n<or= 24. Aggregation into longer chains is favored for neutral and anionic chains of any size. The barrier to aggregation of 2C(n)<-->C(2n) is of the order of 40-20 kcal mol(-1), which gradually decreases with increasing chain size, n. These barriers can be overcome during the high temperature synthesis or annealing conditions, but not when cooled down for the HRTEM and Raman experiments. Therefore, in addition to the already observed long chains also shorter chains should be observable under appropriate conditions inside carbon nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklos Kertesz
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington DC 20057-1227, USA.
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25
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Milani A, Tommasini M, Zerbi G. Carbynes phonons: A tight binding force field. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:064501. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2831507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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26
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Yang S, Kertesz M. Linear Cn Clusters: Are They Acetylenic or Cumulenic? J Phys Chem A 2007; 112:146-51. [DOI: 10.1021/jp076805b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shujiang Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington DC 20057-1227
| | - Miklos Kertesz
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington DC 20057-1227
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27
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Tommasini M, Fazzi D, Milani A, Zoppo MD, Castiglioni C, Zerbi G. Effective hamiltonian for π electrons in linear carbon chains. Chem Phys Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.10.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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28
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Tommasini M, Fazzi D, Milani A, Del Zoppo M, Castiglioni C, Zerbi G. Intramolecular Vibrational Force Fields for Linear Carbon Chains through an Adaptative Linear Scaling Scheme. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:11645-51. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0757006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Tommasini
- Center for NanoEngineered MAterials and Surfaces (NEMAS), Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica, G. Natta, Politecnico di Milano, P.zza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Fazzi
- Center for NanoEngineered MAterials and Surfaces (NEMAS), Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica, G. Natta, Politecnico di Milano, P.zza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Milani
- Center for NanoEngineered MAterials and Surfaces (NEMAS), Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica, G. Natta, Politecnico di Milano, P.zza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Mirella Del Zoppo
- Center for NanoEngineered MAterials and Surfaces (NEMAS), Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica, G. Natta, Politecnico di Milano, P.zza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Castiglioni
- Center for NanoEngineered MAterials and Surfaces (NEMAS), Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica, G. Natta, Politecnico di Milano, P.zza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zerbi
- Center for NanoEngineered MAterials and Surfaces (NEMAS), Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica, G. Natta, Politecnico di Milano, P.zza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milan, Italy
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29
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Farley RT, Zheng Q, Gladysz JA, Schanze KS. Photophysics of Diplatinum Polyynediyl Oligomers: Chain Length Dependence of the Triplet State in sp Carbon Chains. Inorg Chem 2007; 47:2955-63. [PMID: 17902651 DOI: 10.1021/ic701220t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The series of polyynes with the structure trans, trans-[Ar-Pt(P 2)-(C[triple bond]C) n -Pt(P 2)-Ar], where P = tri( p-tolyl)phosphine, Ar = p-tolyl, and n = 3, 4, 5, 6 (6, 8, 10, 12 sp carbon atoms), has been subjected to a comprehensive photophysical investigation. At low temperature ( T < 140 K) in a 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (MTHF) glass, the complexes exhibit moderately efficient phosphorescence appearing as a series of narrow (fwhm < 200 cm (-1)) vibronic bands separated by ca. 2100 cm (-1). The emission is assigned to a (3)pi,pi* triplet state that is concentrated on the sp carbon chain, and the vibronic progression arises from coupling of the excitation to the -C[triple bond]C- stretch. The 0-0 energy of the phosphorescence decreases with increasing sp carbon chain length, spanning a range of over 6000 cm (-1) across the series. Transient absorption spectroscopy carried out at ambient temperature confirms that the (3)pi,pi* triplet is produced efficiently, and it displays a strongly allowed triplet-triplet absorption. In the MTHF solvent glass ( T < 140 K), the emission lifetimes increase with emission energy. Analysis of the triplet nonradiative decay rates reveals a quantitative energy gap law correlation. The nonradiative decay rates can be calculated by using parameters recovered from a single-mode Franck-Condon fit of the emission spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard T Farley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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