1
|
Niezabitowska E, Gray DM, Gallardo-Toledo E, Owen A, Rannard SP, McDonald TO. Understanding the Degradation of Core-Shell Nanogels Using Asymmetrical Flow Field Flow Fractionation. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:346. [PMID: 37504841 PMCID: PMC10381601 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14070346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanogels are candidates for biomedical applications, and core-shell nanogels offer the potential to tune thermoresponsive behaviour with the capacity for extensive degradation. These properties were achieved by the combination of a core of poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide) and a shell of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), both crosslinked with the degradable crosslinker N,N'-bis(acryloyl)cystamine. In this work, the degradation behaviour of these nanogels was characterised using asymmetric flow field flow fractionation coupled with multi-angle and dynamic light scattering. By monitoring the degradation products of the nanogels in real-time, it was possible to identify three distinct stages of degradation: nanogel swelling, nanogel fragmentation, and nanogel fragment degradation. The results indicate that the core-shell nanogels degrade slower than their non-core-shell counterparts, possibly due to a higher degree of self-crosslinking reactions occurring in the shell. The majority of the degradation products had molecule weights below 10 kDa, which suggests that they may be cleared through the kidneys. This study provides important insights into the design and characterisation of degradable nanogels for biomedical applications, highlighting the need for accurate characterisation techniques to measure the potential biological impact of nanogel degradation products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Niezabitowska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Dominic M Gray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Eduardo Gallardo-Toledo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5TR, UK
- Centre of Excellence in Long-Acting Therapeutics (CELT), University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5TR, UK
| | - Andrew Owen
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5TR, UK
- Centre of Excellence in Long-Acting Therapeutics (CELT), University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5TR, UK
| | - Steve P Rannard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
- Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 3NY, UK
| | - Tom O McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Palkar V, Thakar D, Kuksenok O. Nanogel Degradation at Soft Interfaces and in Bulk: Tracking Shape Changes and Interfacial Spreading. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Palkar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Devanshu Thakar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar 382055, India
| | - Olga Kuksenok
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gray DM, Town AR, Niezabitowska E, Rannard SP, McDonald TO. Dual-responsive degradable core-shell nanogels with tuneable aggregation behaviour. RSC Adv 2022; 12:2196-2206. [PMID: 35425260 PMCID: PMC8979186 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07093b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the synthesis of core–shell nanogels by sequential addition of thermoresponsive monomers; N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and N-isopropylmethacrylamide (NIPMAM). The aggregation behaviour of aqueous dispersions of these particles in the presence of salt can be tuned by varying the monomer ratio. The inclusion of degradable cross-linker bis(acryloyl)cystamine (BAC) allows the nanogels to degrade in the presence of reducing agent, with nanogels composed of a copolymer of the two monomers not showing the same high levels of degradation as the comparable core–shell particles. These levels of degradation were also seen with physiologically relevant reducing agent concentration at pH 7. Therefore, it is hoped that the aggregation of these nanogels will have applications in nanomedicine and beyond. Core–shell nanogels with a poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide) core and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) shell display tuneable thermoresponsive behaviour and high degradability.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic M Gray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Crown Street L69 7ZD UK
| | - Adam R Town
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Crown Street L69 7ZD UK
| | | | - Steve P Rannard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Crown Street L69 7ZD UK .,Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool Crown Street L69 7ZD UK
| | - Tom O McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Crown Street L69 7ZD UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Charbaji R, Kar M, Theune LE, Bergueiro J, Eichhorst A, Navarro L, Graff P, Stumpff F, Calderón M, Hedtrich S. Design and Testing of Efficient Mucus-Penetrating Nanogels-Pitfalls of Preclinical Testing and Lessons Learned. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2007963. [PMID: 33719187 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202007963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces pose a challenging environment for efficient drug delivery. Various delivery strategies such as nanoparticles have been employed so far; yet, still yielding limited success. To address the need of efficient transmucosal drug delivery, this report presents the synthesis of novel disulfide-containing dendritic polyglycerol (dPG)-based nanogels and their preclinical testing. A bifunctional disulfide-containing linker is coupled to dPG to act as a macromolecular crosslinker for poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM) and poly-N-isopropylmethacrylamide (PNIPMAM) in a precipitation polymerization process. A systematic analysis of the polymerization reveals the importance of a careful polymer choice to yield mucus-degradable nanogels with diameters between 100 and 200 nm, low polydispersity, and intact disulfide linkers. Absorption studies in porcine intestinal tissue and human bronchial epithelial models demonstrate that disulfide-containing nanogels are highly efficient in overcoming mucosal barriers. The nanogels efficiently degrade and deliver the anti-inflammatory biomacromolecule etanercept into epithelial tissues yielding local anti-inflammatory effects. Over the course of this work, several problems are encountered due to a limited availability of valid test systems for mucosal drug-delivery systems. Hence, this study also emphasizes how critical a combined and multifaceted approach is for the preclinical testing of mucosal drug-delivery systems, discusses potential pitfalls, and provides suggestions for solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Charbaji
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2-4, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mrityunjoy Kar
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustr. 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Loryn E Theune
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustr. 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julián Bergueiro
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustr. 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Eichhorst
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2-4, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lucila Navarro
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2-4, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Graff
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2-4, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friederike Stumpff
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcelo Calderón
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustr. 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- POLYMAT, Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
| | - Sarah Hedtrich
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2-4, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- University of British Columbia, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, V6T1Z3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nishizawa Y, Minato H, Inui T, Saito I, Kureha T, Shibayama M, Uchihashi T, Suzuki D. Nanostructure and thermoresponsiveness of poly( N-isopropyl methacrylamide)-based hydrogel microspheres prepared via aqueous free radical precipitation polymerization. RSC Adv 2021; 11:13130-13137. [PMID: 35423887 PMCID: PMC8697349 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01650d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermoresponsive hydrogel microspheres (microgels) are smart materials that quickly respond to external stimuli, and their thermoresponsiveness can be tuned by varying the constituent chemical species. Although uniformly sized microgels can be prepared via aqueous free radical precipitation polymerization, the nanostructure of the obtained microgels is complex and remains unclear so far. In the present study, the nanostructure and thermoresponsiveness of poly(N-isopropyl methacrylamide) (pNIPMAm)-based microgels, which have a volume-transition temperature of ∼43 °C, were evaluated mainly using temperature-controllable high-speed atomic force microscopy. These observations, which are characterized by high spatio-temporal resolution, revealed that the pNIPMAm microgels have a peculiar heterogeneous structure, for example a core-shell and non-thermoresponsive nanostructure in the core region, that originates from the precipitation polymerization process. Furthermore, it was found that the adsorption concentration of the microgels on the substrate is one of the keys for controlling their thermoresponsiveness. These findings can be expected to advance the design of new materials such as thermoresponsive nanosheets and stimuli-responsive coatings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Nishizawa
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University 3-15-1 Tokida Ueda Nagano 386-8567 Japan
| | - Haruka Minato
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University 3-15-1 Tokida Ueda Nagano 386-8567 Japan
| | - Takumi Inui
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University 3-15-1 Tokida Ueda Nagano 386-8567 Japan
| | - Ikuma Saito
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University 3-15-1 Tokida Ueda Nagano 386-8567 Japan
| | - Takuma Kureha
- Graduate School of Science & Technology, Hirosaki University 3, Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki Aomori 036-8561 Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Shibayama
- Neutron Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society 162-1 Shirakata Tokai Ibaraki 319-1106 Japan
| | - Takayuki Uchihashi
- Department of Physics, Structural Biology Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chiksusa-ku Nagoya Aichi 464-8602 Japan
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Science 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji Okazaki Aichi 444-8787 Japan
| | - Daisuke Suzuki
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University 3-15-1 Tokida Ueda Nagano 386-8567 Japan
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University 3-15-1 Tokida Ueda Nagano 386-8567 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lee SH, Moody I, Zeng Z, Fleischer EB, Weiss GA, Shea KJ. Synthesis of a High Affinity Complementary Peptide–Polymer Nanoparticle (NP) Pair Using Phage Display. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:2704-2712. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hui Lee
- School of Physical Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Issa Moody
- School of Physical Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Zhiyang Zeng
- School of Physical Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Everly B. Fleischer
- School of Physical Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Gregory A. Weiss
- School of Physical Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Kenneth J. Shea
- School of Physical Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chimisso V, Aleman Garcia MA, Yorulmaz Avsar S, Dinu IA, Palivan CG. Design of Bio-Conjugated Hydrogels for Regenerative Medicine Applications: From Polymer Scaffold to Biomolecule Choice. Molecules 2020; 25:E4090. [PMID: 32906772 PMCID: PMC7571016 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bio-conjugated hydrogels merge the functionality of a synthetic network with the activity of a biomolecule, becoming thus an interesting class of materials for a variety of biomedical applications. This combination allows the fine tuning of their functionality and activity, whilst retaining biocompatibility, responsivity and displaying tunable chemical and mechanical properties. A complex scenario of molecular factors and conditions have to be taken into account to ensure the correct functionality of the bio-hydrogel as a scaffold or a delivery system, including the polymer backbone and biomolecule choice, polymerization conditions, architecture and biocompatibility. In this review, we present these key factors and conditions that have to match together to ensure the correct functionality of the bio-conjugated hydrogel. We then present recent examples of bio-conjugated hydrogel systems paving the way for regenerative medicine applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cornelia G. Palivan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR-1096, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; (V.C.); (M.A.A.G.); (S.Y.A.); (I.A.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhai K, Zhang F, Wang C, Pei X, Tan Y, Bai Y, Zhang B, Wang Y, Xu K, Wang P. Synthesis of millimeter‐sized hydrogel beads by inverse Pickering polymerization using starch‐based nanoparticles as emulsifier. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kankan Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Xiaopeng Pei
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Ying Tan
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China
| | - Yungang Bai
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China
| | - Baichao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China
| | - Yinchuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China
| | - Kun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China
| | - Pixin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Karanastasis AA, Kenath GS, Andersen D, Fokas D, Ryu CY, Ullal CK. One-pot surfactant-free modulation of size and functional group distribution in thermoresponsive microgels. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 568:264-272. [PMID: 32092555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Control over the size and functional group distribution of soft responsive hydrogel particles is essential for applications such as drug delivery, catalysis and chemical sensing. Traditionally, targeted functional group distributions are achieved with semi-batch techniques which require specialized equipment, while the preparation of size-tailored particles typically involves the use of surfactants. Herein, we present a simple and robust surfactant-free method for the modulation of size and carboxylic acid functional group distribution in poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) thermoresponsive microgels, employing reaction pH as the single experimental parameter. The varying distributions of carboxylic acid residues arise due to differences in kinetic reactivity, which are a function of the degree of dissociation of methacrylic acid, and thus of reaction pH. Incorporated charged residues induce a surfactant-like action during the particle nucleation stage, and impact the final particle size. Characterization with dynamic light scattering, and electron microscopy consistently supports the pH-tailored morphology of the microgels. A mathematical model which accounts for particle deformation on the imaging substrate also shows excellent agreement with the experimental results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos A Karanastasis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
| | - Gopal S Kenath
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Dustin Andersen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Demosthenes Fokas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Chang Y Ryu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Chaitanya K Ullal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Critical parameters for the controlled synthesis of nanogels suitable for temperature-triggered protein delivery. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 100:141-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.02.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
11
|
Zhou X, Lu H, Chen F, Kong L, Zhang F, Zhang W, Nie J, Du B, Wang X. Degradable and Thermosensitive Microgels Synthesized via Simultaneous Quaternization and Siloxane Condensation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:6145-6153. [PMID: 30983362 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Degradable and thermosensitive microgels were successfully prepared via simultaneous quaternization and siloxane condensation during surfactant-free emulsion polymerization, with N-vinylcaprolactam as the main monomer and 1-vinylimidazole (VIM) as the comonomer, in the presence of (3-bromopropyl)trimethoxysilane (BPTMOS). The formation mechanism of cross-linking network was attributed to the hydrolysis and condensation of the methoxysilyl groups of BPTMOS and the quaternization of imidazole moiety of VIM by the bromine group of BPTMOS, leading to the microgels. The microgels were spherical in shape with a narrow size distribution, stable in an acidic buffer solution, but degradable in neutral and alkaline solutions. The presence of quaternized imidazolium in the same chain segment of Si-O-Si cross-linking points promoted the decomposition of Si-O-Si bonds and hence the degradation of the microgels. The obtained microgels could load and release the model drug, doxorubicin. The size, thermosensitivity, stability, degradation rate, and drug release behavior of the resultant microgels could be tuned by controlling the cross-linking degree, chemical composition, and degradation medium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianjing Zhou
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| | - Haipeng Lu
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| | - Lingli Kong
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| | | | | | - Xinping Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Welsch N, Lyon LA. Oligo(ethylene glycol)-sidechain microgels prepared in absence of cross-linking agent: Polymerization, characterization and variation of particle deformability. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181369. [PMID: 28719648 PMCID: PMC5515440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a systematic study of self-cross-linked microgels formed by precipitation polymerization of oligo ethylene glycol methacrylates. The cross-linking density of these microgels and, thus, the network flexibility can be easily tuned through the modulation of the reaction temperature during polymerization. Microgels prepared in absence of any difunctional monomer, i.e. cross-linker, show enhanced deformability and particle spreading on solid surfaces as compared to microgels cross-linked with varying amounts of poly(ethylene glycol diacrylate) (PEG-DA) in addition to self-crosslinking. Particles prepared at low reaction temperatures exhibit the highest degree of spreading due to the lightly cross-linked and flexible polymer network. Moreover, AFM force spectroscopy studies suggest that cross-linker-free microgels constitute of a more homogeneous polymer network than PEG-DA cross-linked particles and have elastic moduli at the particle apex that are ~5 times smaller than the moduli of 5 mol-% PEG-DA cross-linked microgels. Resistive pulse sensing experiments demonstrate that microgels prepared at 75 and 80°C without PEG-DA are able to deform significantly to pass through nanopores that are smaller than the microgel size. Additionally, we found that polymer network flexibility of microgels is a useful tool to control the formation of particle dewetting patterns. This offers a promising new avenue for build-up of 2D self-assembled particle structures with patterned chemical and mechanical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Welsch
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - L. Andrew Lyon
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Battista E, Causa F, Netti PA. Bioengineering Microgels and Hydrogel Microparticles for Sensing Biomolecular Targets. Gels 2017; 3:E20. [PMID: 30920517 PMCID: PMC6318684 DOI: 10.3390/gels3020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels, and in particular microgels, are playing an increasingly important role in a diverse range of applications due to their hydrophilic, biocompatible, and highly flexible chemical characteristics. On this basis, solution-like environment, non-fouling nature, easy probe accessibility and target diffusion, effective inclusion of reporting moieties can be achieved, making them ideal substrates for bio-sensing applications. In fact, hydrogels are already successfully used in immunoassays as well as sensitive nucleic acid assays, also enabling hydrogel-based suspension arrays. In this review, we discuss key parameters of hydrogels in the form of micron-sized particles to be used in sensing applications, paying attention to the protein and oligonucleotides (i.e., miRNAs) targets as most representative kind of biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edmondo Battista
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB) and Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale (DICMAPI), University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Filippo Causa
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB) and Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale (DICMAPI), University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy.
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for HealthCare@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Paolo Antonio Netti
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB) and Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale (DICMAPI), University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy.
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for HealthCare@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Napoli, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cui R, Zhang Z, Nie J, Du B. Tuning the morphology, network structure, and degradation of thermo-sensitive microgels by controlled addition of degradable cross-linker. Colloid Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-017-4056-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
15
|
Xu W, Lu F, Chen S, Lin X, Zhou S, Wu W. Synthesis of polymer macrogels with rapid and significant response to glucose concentration changes. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11920h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer macrogels with rapid and significant responses to glucose concentration changes were made of a poly(phenylboronic acid) microgel array tethered chemically to bridging polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Fan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Shoumin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Xuezhen Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Shiming Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- China
| | - Weitai Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tian Y, Bian S, Yang W. A redox-labile poly(oligo(ethylene glycol)methacrylate)-based nanogel with tunable thermosensitivity for drug delivery. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00057f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We developed a redox degradable P(MEO2MA-s-s-OEGMA) nanogel with tunable volume phase transition temperature for drug delivery via precipitation polymerization using a disulfide-containing crosslinker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yefei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- P.R. China
| | - Wuli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kodlekere P, Cartelle AL, Lyon LA. Design of functional cationic microgels as conjugation scaffolds. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra00809g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the development of primary amine functionalized microgels with the potential as dye scaffolds for bioimaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Purva Kodlekere
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
| | | | - L. Andrew Lyon
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
- Schmid College of Science and Technology
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Saxena S, Lyon LA. Influence of binary microgel phase behavior on the assembly of multi-functional raspberry-structured microgel heteroaggregates. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 455:93-100. [PMID: 26057600 PMCID: PMC4475458 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the influence of microgel composition on phase behavior of binary microgel dispersions using poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) microgels cross-linked with 5 mol% and 1 mol% N,N'-methylenebis(acrylamide), or poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide) microgels cross-linked with 5 mol% N,N'-methylenebis(acrylamide). We then explore the dispersion phase behavior in the context of microgel deposition at a planar interface. These results are then compared to the observed assembly of microgels at curved interfaces, in the form of raspberry-like patchy particles (RLPPs) consisting of a polystyrene core surrounded by a (two-component) microgel shell. Results suggest that microgel composition has a large influence on the ability of binary dispersions to coat planar and curved interfaces. In particular, we demonstrate that binary dispersions of microgels containing higher cross-linker content exhibit decreased packing densities that are very pronounced at a curved interface. To enhance packing density we also explore the use of a two-step coating process to fabricate RLPPs with enhanced control over topography. Development of these complex vehicles is potentially beneficial in the modulation of biological systems where spatial and temporal presentation of molecules can have a large influence on cellular behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Saxena
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Petit Institute for Biosciences and Bioengineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - L Andrew Lyon
- Petit Institute for Biosciences and Bioengineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Saxena S, Lyon LA. Influence of microgel packing on raspberry-like heteroaggregate assembly. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 442:39-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
20
|
Abstract
The field of polymeric biomaterials has received much attention in recent years due to its potential for enhancing the biocompatibility of systems and devices applied to drug delivery and tissue engineering. Such applications continually push the definition of biocompatibility from relatively straightforward issues such as cytotoxicity to significantly more complex processes such as reducing foreign body responses or even promoting/recapitulating natural body functions. Hydrogels and their colloidal analogues, microgels, have been and continue to be heavily investigated as viable materials for biological applications because they offer numerous, facile avenues in tailoring chemical and physical properties to approach biologically harmonious integration. Mechanical properties in particular are recently coming into focus as an important manner in which biological responses can be altered. In this Account, we trace how mechanical properties of microgels have moved into the spotlight of research efforts with the realization of their potential impact in biologically integrative systems. We discuss early experiments in our lab and in others focused on synthetic modulation of particle structure at a rudimentary level for fundamental drug delivery studies. These experiments elucidated that microgel mechanics are a consequence of polymer network distribution, which can be controlled by chemical composition or particle architecture. The degree of deformability designed into the microgel allows for a defined response to an imposed external force. We have studied deformation in packed colloidal phases and in translocation events through confined pores; in all circumstances, microgels exhibit impressive deformability in response to their environmental constraints. Microgels further translate their mechanical properties when assembled in films to the properties of the bulk material. In particular, microgel films have been a large focus in our lab as building blocks for self-healing materials. We have shown that their ability to heal after damage arises from polymer mobility during hydration. Furthermore, we have shown film mobility dictates cell adhesion and spreading in a manner that is fundamentally different from previous work on mechanotransduction. In total, we hope that this Account presents a broad introduction to microgel research that intersects polymer chemistry, physics, and regenerative medicine. We expect that research intersection will continue to expand as we fill the knowledge gaps associated with soft materials in biological milieu.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Saxena
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Petit
Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, and School of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Caroline E. Hansen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Petit
Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, and School of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - L. Andrew Lyon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Petit
Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, and School of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Spears MW, Herman ES, Gaulding JC, Lyon LA. Dynamic materials from microgel multilayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:6314-6323. [PMID: 24295444 DOI: 10.1021/la403058t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Multilayer coatings made from hydrogel microparticles (microgels) are conceptually very simple materials: thin films composed of microgel building blocks held together by polyelectrolyte "glue". However, the apparent simplicity of their fabrication and structure belies extremely complex properties, including those of "dynamic" coatings that display rapid self-healing behavior in the presence of solvent. This contribution covers our work with these materials and highlights some of the key findings regarding damage mechanisms, healing processes, film structure/composition, and how the variation of fabrication parameters can impact self-healing behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark William Spears
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hellmund M, Zhou H, Samsonova O, Welker P, Kissel T, Haag R. Functionalized Polyglycerol Amine Nanogels as Nanocarriers for DNA. Macromol Biosci 2014; 14:1215-21. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201400144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Hellmund
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry - Organic Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin; Takustr. 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Haixia Zhou
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry - Organic Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin; Takustr. 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Olga Samsonova
- Pharmaceutics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy; Philipps University of Marburg; Ketzerbach 63 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Pia Welker
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry - Organic Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin; Takustr. 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Thomas Kissel
- Pharmaceutics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy; Philipps University of Marburg; Ketzerbach 63 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry - Organic Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin; Takustr. 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen Y, Sajjadi S. Temperature-triggered fast-disintegrating polyNIPAM particles via semicontinuous heterophase polymerisation. Colloid Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-014-3182-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
24
|
Smeets NMB, Hoare T. Designing responsive microgels for drug delivery applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niels M. B. Smeets
- Department of Chemical Engineering; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada L8S 4L8
| | - Todd Hoare
- Department of Chemical Engineering; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada L8S 4L8
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Suekama TC, Aziz V, Mohammadi Z, Berkland C, Gehrke SH. Synthesis and characterization of poly(N-vinyl formamide) hydrogels-A potential alternative to polyacrylamide hydrogels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
26
|
Abstract
The application of RNA interference to treat disease is an important yet challenging concept in modern medicine. In particular, small interfering RNA (siRNA) have shown tremendous promise in the treatment of cancer. However, siRNA show poor pharmacological properties, which presents a major hurdle for effective disease treatment especially through intravenous delivery routes. In response to these shortcomings, a variety of nanoparticle carriers have emerged, which are designed to encapsulate, protect, and transport siRNA into diseased cells. To be effective as carrier vehicles, nanoparticles must overcome a series of biological hurdles throughout the course of delivery. As a result, one promising approach to siRNA carriers is dynamic, versatile nanoparticles that can perform several in vivo functions. Over the last several years, our research group has investigated hydrogel nanoparticles (nanogels) as candidate delivery vehicles for therapeutics, including siRNA. Throughout the course of our research, we have developed higher order architectures composed entirely of hydrogel components, where several different hydrogel chemistries may be isolated in unique compartments of a single construct. In this Account, we summarize a subset of our experiences in the design and application of nanogels in the context of drug delivery, summarizing the relevant characteristics for these materials as delivery vehicles for siRNA. Through the layering of multiple, orthogonal chemistries in a nanogel structure, we can impart multiple functions to the materials. We consider nanogels as a platform technology, where each functional element of the particle may be independently tuned to optimize the particle for the desired application. For instance, we can modify the shell compartment of a vehicle for cell-specific targeting or evasion of the innate immune system, whereas other compartments may incorporate fluorescent probes or regulate the encapsulation and release of macromolecular therapeutics. Proof-of-principle experiments have demonstrated the utility of multifunctional nanogels. For example, using a simple core/shell nanogel architecture, we have recently reported the delivery of siRNA to chemosensitize drug resistant ovarian cancer cells. Ongoing efforts have resulted in several advanced hydrogel structures, including biodegradable nanogels and multicompartment spheres. In parallel, our research group has studied other properties of the nanogels, including their behavior in confined environments and their ability to translocate through small pores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael H. Smith
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - L. Andrew Lyon
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
|
28
|
Thaiboonrod S, Cellesi F, Ulijn RV, Saunders BR. One-step preparation of uniform cane-ball shaped water-swellable microgels containing poly(N-vinyl formamide). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:5227-5236. [PMID: 22224722 DOI: 10.1021/la204606v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study we report the preparation of a new family of core-shell microgels that are water-swellable and have a morphology that is controllable by particle composition. Here, nearly monodisperse core-shell PNVF-xGMA [poly(N-vinylformamide-co-glycidyl methacrylate)] particles (where x is the weight fraction of GMA used) were prepared via nonaqueous dispersion (NAD) polymerization in one step. The shells were PGMA-rich and were cross-linked by reaction of epoxide groups (from GMA) with amide groups (from NVF). The core of the particles was PNVF-rich. A bifunctional cross-linking monomer was not required to prepare these new microgels. The particles had a remarkable "cane-ball"-like morphology with interconnected ridges, and this could be controlled by the value for x. The particle size was tunable over the range 0.8-1.8 μm. Alkaline hydrolysis was used to hydrolyze the PNVF segments to poly(vinylamine), PVAM. The high swelling pressure of the cationic cores caused shell fragmentation and release of some of the core polymer when the hydrolyzed particles were dispersed in pure water. The extent to which this occurred was controllable by x. Remarkably, the PGMA-rich shells could be detached from the hydrolyzed particles by dispersion in water followed by drying. The hydrolyzed PNVF-0.4GMA particles contained both positively and negatively charged regions and the dispersions appeared to exhibit charge-patch aggregation at low ionic strengths. The new cross-linking strategy used here to prepare the PNVF-xGMA particles should be generally applicable for amide-containing monomers and may enable the preparation of a range of new water-swellable microgels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sineenat Thaiboonrod
- Biomaterials Research Group, Manchester Materials Science Centre, School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Gaulding JC, Smith MH, Hyatt JS, Fernandez-Nieves A, Lyon LA. Reversible Inter- and Intra-Microgel Cross-Linking using Disulfides. Macromolecules 2011; 45:39-45. [PMID: 22287810 DOI: 10.1021/ma202282p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Thermoresponsive hydrogel nanoparticles composed of poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide) (pNIPMAm) and the disulfide-based cross-linker N,N'-bis(acryloyl)cystamine (BAC) have been prepared using a redox-initiated, aqueous precipitation polymerization approach, leading to improved stability of the disulfide bond compared to traditional thermally-initiated methods. The resultant particles demonstrate complete erosion in response to reducing conditions or thiol competition. This stands in contrast to the behavior of thermally-initiated particles, which retain a cross-linked network following disulfide cleavage due to uncontrolled chain-branching and self-cross-linking side reactions. The synthetic strategy has also been combined with the non-degradable cross-linker N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (BIS) to generate "co-cross-linked" pNIPMAm-BAC-BIS microgels. These particles are redox-responsive, swell upon BAC cross-link scission and present reactive thiols. This pendant thiol functionality was demonstrated to be useful for conjugation of thiol-reactive probes and in reversible network formation by assembling particles cross-linked by disulfide linkages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C Gaulding
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Preparation of thermoresponsive and pH-sensitivity polymer magnetic hydrogel nanospheres as anticancer drug carriers. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 88:593-600. [PMID: 21871786 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a novel thermo and pH responsive magnetic hydrogel nanosphere poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid)/Fe(3)O(4) (poly(NIPAAm-co-AA)/Fe(3)O(4)) has been successfully prepared. The magnetic hydrogel nanospheres with thermo and pH-sensitivity were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared-spectrometer (FT-IR), UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The magnetic hydrogel nanospheres exhibited uniform sphere structures and superparamagnetic property. Finally, the drug loading capacities and the releasing behavior of the magnetic hydrogel nanospheres were investigated with doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) as an anticancer drug model. The resulting magnetic hydrogel nanospheres exhibited high encapsulation efficiency (95%) to DOX under an appropriate condition. In vitro release experiments revealed that release was faster at pH 5.3 (37°C) than at pH 7.4 (25°C) or pH 7.4 (37°C). The DOX-loaded magnetic hydrogel nanospheres also showed enhanced anticancer effect compared with the free drug in vitro. These presented results suggested that the magnetic hydrogel nanospheres have a potential as tumor targeting drug carrier.
Collapse
|
31
|
Hu X, Tong Z, Lyon LA. One-Pot Synthesis of Microcapsules with Nanoscale Inclusions. Macromol Rapid Commun 2011; 32:1461-6. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201100338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|