1
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Gorman J, Hart SM, John T, Castellanos MA, Harris D, Parsons MF, Banal JL, Willard AP, Schlau-Cohen GS, Bathe M. Sculpting photoproducts with DNA origami. Chem 2024; 10:1553-1575. [PMID: 38827435 PMCID: PMC11138899 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Natural light-harvesting systems spatially organize densely packed dyes in different configurations to either transport excitons or convert them into charge photoproducts, with high efficiency. In contrast, artificial photosystems like organic solar cells and light-emitting diodes lack this fine structural control, limiting their efficiency. Thus, biomimetic multi-dye systems are needed to organize dyes with the sub-nanometer spatial control required to sculpt resulting photoproducts. Here, we synthesize 11 distinct perylene diimide (PDI) dimers integrated into DNA origami nanostructures and identify dimer architectures that offer discrete control over exciton transport versus charge separation. The large structural-space and site-tunability of origami uniquely provides controlled PDI dimer packing to form distinct excimer photoproducts, which are sensitive to interdye configurations. In the future, this platform enables large-scale programmed assembly of dyes mimicking natural systems to sculpt distinct photophysical products needed for a broad range of optoelectronic devices, including solar energy converters and quantum information processors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Gorman
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Stephanie M. Hart
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Torsten John
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Maria A. Castellanos
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dvir Harris
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Molly F. Parsons
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - James L. Banal
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Adam P. Willard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Mark Bathe
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Lead contact
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2
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Penty S, Orton GRF, Black DJ, Pal R, Zwijnenburg MA, Barendt TA. A Chirally Locked Bis-perylene Diimide Macrocycle: Consequences for Chiral Self-Assembly and Circularly Polarized Luminescence. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5470-5479. [PMID: 38355475 PMCID: PMC10910538 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Macrocycles containing chiral organic dyes are highly valuable for the development of supramolecular circularly polarized luminescent (CPL) materials, where a preorganized chiral framework is conducive to directing π-π self-assembly and delivering a strong and persistent CPL signal. Here, perylene diimides (PDIs) are an excellent choice for the organic dye component because, alongside their tunable photophysical and self-assembly properties, functionalization of the PDI's core yields a twisted, chiral π-system, capable of CPL. However, configurationally stable PDI-based macrocycles are rare, and those that are also capable of π-π self-assembly beyond dimers are unprecedented, both of which are advantageous for robust self-assembled chiroptical materials. In this work, we report the first bay-connected bis-PDI macrocycle that is configurationally stable (ΔG⧧ > 155 kJ mol-1). We use this chirally locked macrocycle to uncover new knowledge of chiral PDI self-assembly and to perform new quantitative CPL imaging of the resulting single-crystal materials. As such, we discover that the chirality of a 1,7-disubstituted PDI provides a rational route to designing H-, J- and concomitant H- and J-type self-assembled materials, important arrangements for optimizing (chir)optical and charge/energy transport properties. Indeed, we reveal that CPL is amplified in the single crystals of our chiral macrocycle by quantifying the degree of emitted light circular polarization from such materials for the first time using CPL-Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel
E. Penty
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Georgia R. F. Orton
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Dominic J. Black
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
| | - Robert Pal
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
| | - Martijn A. Zwijnenburg
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Timothy A. Barendt
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
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3
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Heussman D, Enkhbaatar L, Sorour MI, Kistler KA, von Hippel PH, Matsika S, Marcus AH. Using transition density models to interpret experimental optical spectra of exciton-coupled cyanine (iCy3)2 dimer probes of local DNA conformations at or near functional protein binding sites. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:1272-1289. [PMID: 38050987 PMCID: PMC10853810 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad1163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exciton-coupled chromophore dimers are an emerging class of optical probes for studies of site-specific biomolecular interactions. Applying accurate theoretical models for the electrostatic coupling of a molecular dimer probe is a key step for simulating its optical properties and analyzing spectroscopic data. In this work, we compare experimental absorbance and circular dichroism (CD) spectra of 'internally-labeled' (iCy3)2 dimer probes inserted site-specifically into DNA fork constructs to theoretical calculations of the structure and geometry of these exciton-coupled dimers. We compare transition density models of varying levels of approximation to determine conformational parameters of the (iCy3)2 dimer-labeled DNA fork constructs. By applying an atomistically detailed transition charge (TQ) model, we can distinguish between dimer conformations in which the stacking and tilt angles between planar iCy3 monomers are varied. A major strength of this approach is that the local conformations of the (iCy3)2 dimer probes that we determined can be used to infer information about the structures of the DNA framework immediately surrounding the probes at various positions within the constructs, both deep in the duplex DNA sequences and at sites at or near the DNA fork junctions where protein complexes bind to discharge their biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Heussman
- Center for Optical, Molecular and Quantum Science, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Lulu Enkhbaatar
- Center for Optical, Molecular and Quantum Science, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Mohammed I Sorour
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Kurt A Kistler
- Department of Chemistry, Brandywine Campus, The Pennsylvania State University, Media, PA 19063, USA
| | - Peter H von Hippel
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | | | - Andrew H Marcus
- Center for Optical, Molecular and Quantum Science, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
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4
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Rolczynski BS, Díaz SA, Goldman ER, Medintz IL, Melinger JS. Investigating the dissipation of heat and quantum information from DNA-scaffolded chromophore networks. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:034105. [PMID: 38230810 DOI: 10.1063/5.0181034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Scaffolded molecular networks are important building blocks in biological pigment-protein complexes, and DNA nanotechnology allows analogous systems to be designed and synthesized. System-environment interactions in these systems are responsible for important processes, such as the dissipation of heat and quantum information. This study investigates the role of nanoscale molecular parameters in tuning these vibronic system-environment dynamics. Here, genetic algorithm methods are used to obtain nanoscale parameters for a DNA-scaffolded chromophore network based on comparisons between its calculated and measured optical spectra. These parameters include the positions, orientations, and energy level characteristics within the network. This information is then used to compute the dynamics, including the vibronic population dynamics and system-environment heat currents, using the hierarchical equations of motion. The dissipation of quantum information is identified by the system's transient change in entropy, which is proportional to the heat currents according to the second law of thermodynamics. These results indicate that the dissipation of quantum information is highly dependent on the particular nanoscale characteristics of the molecular network, which is a necessary first step before gleaning the systematic optimization rules. Subsequently, the I-concurrence dynamics are calculated to understand the evolution of the vibronic system's quantum entanglement, which are found to be long-lived compared to these system-bath dissipation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S Rolczynski
- Electronics Science and Technology Division, Code 6800, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, USA
| | - Sebastián A Díaz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, USA
| | - Ellen R Goldman
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, USA
| | - Igor L Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, USA
| | - Joseph S Melinger
- Electronics Science and Technology Division, Code 6800, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, USA
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5
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Zhang J, Liu J, Niu C, Wu Q, Tan J, Jing N, Wen Y. Functionalized Fluorescent Organic Nanoparticles Based AIE Enabling Effectively Targeting Cancer Cell Imaging. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300391. [PMID: 37718314 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
We report a fluorescent dye TM by incorporating the tetraphenylethylene (TPE) and cholesterol components into perylene bisimides (PBI) derivative. Fluorescence emission spectrum shows that the dye has stable red emission and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics. The incorporation of cholesterol components triggers TM to show induced chirality through supramolecular self-assembly. The cRGD-functionalized nanoparticles were prepared by encapsulating fluorescent dyes with amphiphilic polymer matrix. The functionalized fluorescent organic nanoparticles exhibit excellent biocompatibility, large Stokes' shift and good photostability, which make them effective fluorescent probes for targeting cancer cells with high fluorescence contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, 030006, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, 030006, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chengyan Niu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, 030006, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qiulan Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, 030006, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jingjing Tan
- Research Center for Fine Chemicals Engineering, Shanxi University, 030006, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ning Jing
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, 030006, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ying Wen
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, 030006, Taiyuan, China
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6
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Sorour MI, Marcus AH, Matsika S. Unravelling the Origin of the Vibronic Spectral Signatures in an Excitonically Coupled Indocarbocyanine Cy3 Dimer. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:9530-9540. [PMID: 37934679 PMCID: PMC10774018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The indocarbocyanine Cy3 dye is widely used to probe the dynamics of proteins and DNA. Excitonically coupled Cy3 dimers exhibit very unique spectral signatures that depend on the interchromophoric geometrical orientation induced by the environment, making them powerful tools to infer the dynamics of their surroundings. Understanding the origin of the dimeric spectral signatures is a necessity for an accurate interpretation of the experimental results. In this work, we simulate the vibronic spectrum of an experimentally well-studied Cy3 dimer, and we explain the origin of the experimental signatures present in its linear absorption spectrum. The Franck-Condon harmonic approximations, among other tests, are used to probe the factors contributing to the spectrum. It is found that the first peak in the absorption spectrum originates from the lower energy excitonic state, while the next two peaks are vibrational progressions of the higher energy excitonic state. The polar solvent plays a crucial role in the appearance of the spectrum, being responsible for the localized S1 minimum, which results in an increased intensity of the first peak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed I Sorour
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Andrew H Marcus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Spiridoula Matsika
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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7
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Lima RLS, Araújo PT, Barbosa Neto NM. Troubleshooting spectral artifacts from biplate retarders for reliable Stokes spectropolarimetry. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:103102. [PMID: 37796094 DOI: 10.1063/5.0160132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Polarimetry is generally used to determine the polarization state of light beams in various research fields, such as biomedicine, astronomy, and materials science. In particular, the rotating quarter-wave plate polarimeter is an inexpensive and versatile option used in several single-wavelength applications to determine the four Stokes parameters. Extending this technique to broadband spectroscopic measurements is of great scientific interest since the information on light polarization is highly sensitive to anisotropic phenomena. However, the need for achromatic polarizing elements, especially quarter-wave plates, requires special attention in their modeling. In this study, we implemented a rotating retarder spectropolarimeter for broadband measurements using a commercially available quasi-achromatic biplate retarder over the visible range. Here, we present a comprehensive approach for troubleshooting this type of spectropolarimeter through the observation of artifacts stemming from the standard single-plate retarder model. Then, we derive a more suitable model for a quasi-achromatic retarder consisting of a biplate junction. This new biplate model requires knowledge of the intrinsic dispersive properties of the biplate, namely the equivalent retardance, fast axis tilt, and rotatory angle. Hence, in this study, we also show a self-consistent methodology to determine these biplate properties using the same polarimeter apparatus so that accurate Stokes parameters can be determined independently. Finally, the comparison of data generated with the standard single-plate and new biplate models shows a significant improvement in the measurement precision of the investigated polarization states, which confirms that remodeling the retarder for reliable spectropolarimetry is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruan L S Lima
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Paulo T Araújo
- Departament of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Box 870324, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
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8
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Maret PD, Sasikumar D, Sebastian E, Hariharan M. Symmetry-Breaking Charge Separation in a Chiral Bis(perylenediimide) Probed at Ensemble and Single-Molecule Levels. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:8667-8675. [PMID: 37733055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Chiral molecular assemblies exhibiting symmetry-breaking charge separation (SB-CS) are potential candidates for the development of chiral organic semiconductors. Herein, we explore the excited-state dynamics of a helically chiral perylenediimide bichromophore (Cy-PDI2) exhibiting SB-CS at the ensemble and single-molecule levels. Solvent polarity-tunable interchromophoric excitonic coupling in chiral Cy-PDI2 facilitates the interplay of SB-CS and excimer formation in the ensemble domain. Analogous to the excited-state dynamics of Cy-PDI2 at the ensemble level, single-molecule fluorescence lifetime traces of Cy-PDI2 depicted long-lived off-states characteristic of the radical ion pair-mediated dark states. The discrete electron transfer and charge separation dynamics in Cy-PDI2 at the single-molecule level are governed by the distinct influence of the local environment. The present study aims at understanding the fundamental excited-state dynamics in chiral organic bichromophores for designing efficient chiral organic semiconductors and applications toward charge transport materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Daniel Maret
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Devika Sasikumar
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Ebin Sebastian
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
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9
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Valente G, Esteve-Rochina M, Alves SPC, Martinho JMG, Ortí E, Calbo J, Paz FAA, Rocha J, Souto M. Perylene-Based Coordination Polymers: Synthesis, Fluorescent J-Aggregates, and Electrochemical Properties. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:7834-7842. [PMID: 37156094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of electroactive organic building blocks into coordination polymers (CPs) and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offers a promising approach for adding electronic functionalities such as redox activity, electrical conductivity, and luminescence to these materials. The incorporation of perylene moieties into CPs is, in particular, of great interest due to its potential to introduce both luminescence and redox properties. Herein, we present an innovative synthesis method for producing a family of highly crystalline and stable coordination polymers based on perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylate (PTC) and various transition metals (TMs = Co, Ni, and Zn) with an isostructural framework. The crystal structure of the PTC-TM CPs, obtained through powder X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement, provides valuable insights into the composition and organization of the building blocks within the CP. The perylene moieties are arranged in a herringbone pattern, with short distances between adjacent ligands, which contributes to the dense and highly organized framework of the material. The photophysical properties of PTC-Zn were thoroughly studied, revealing the presence of J-aggregation-based and monomer-like emission bands. These bands were experimentally identified, and their behavior was further understood through the use of quantum-chemical calculations. Solid-state cyclic voltammetry experiments on PTC-TMs showed that the perylene redox properties are maintained within the CP framework. This study presents a simple and effective approach for synthesizing highly stable and crystalline perylene-based CPs with tunable optical and electrochemical properties in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Valente
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-393, Portugal
| | - María Esteve-Rochina
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Sergio P C Alves
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences and Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José M G Martinho
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences and Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Enrique Ortí
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Joaquín Calbo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Filipe A Almeida Paz
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-393, Portugal
| | - João Rocha
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-393, Portugal
| | - Manuel Souto
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-393, Portugal
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10
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Marcus AH, Heussman D, Maurer J, Albrecht CS, Herbert P, von Hippel PH. Studies of Local DNA Backbone Conformation and Conformational Disorder Using Site-Specific Exciton-Coupled Dimer Probe Spectroscopy. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2023; 74:245-265. [PMID: 36696590 PMCID: PMC10590263 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-090419-041204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The processes of genome expression, regulation, and repair require direct interactions between proteins and DNA at specific sites located at and near single-stranded-double-stranded DNA (ssDNA-dsDNA) junctions. Here, we review the application of recently developed spectroscopic methods and analyses that combine linear absorbance and circular dichroism spectroscopy with nonlinear 2D fluorescence spectroscopy to study the local conformations and conformational disorder of the sugar-phosphate backbones of ssDNA-dsDNA fork constructs that have been internally labeled with exciton-coupled cyanine (iCy3)2 dimer probes. With the application of these methods, the (iCy3)2 dimer can serve as a reliable probe of the mean local conformations and conformational distributions of the sugar-phosphate backbones of dsDNA at various critical positions. The results of our studies suggest a possible structural framework for understanding the roles of DNA breathing in driving the processes of protein-DNA complex assembly and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Marcus
- Center for Optical, Molecular and Quantum Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA;
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Dylan Heussman
- Center for Optical, Molecular and Quantum Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA;
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Jack Maurer
- Center for Optical, Molecular and Quantum Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA;
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Claire S Albrecht
- Center for Optical, Molecular and Quantum Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA;
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Patrick Herbert
- Center for Optical, Molecular and Quantum Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA;
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Peter H von Hippel
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
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11
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Ammenhäuser R, Klein P, Schmid E, Streicher S, Vogelsang J, Lehmann CW, Lupton JM, Meskers SCJ, Scherf U. Circularly Polarized Light Probes Excited-State Delocalization in Rectangular Ladder-type Pentaphenyl Helices. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202211946. [PMID: 36345828 PMCID: PMC10107742 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ladder-type pentaphenyl chromophores have a rigid, planar π-system and show bright fluorescence featuring pronounced vibrational structure. Such moieties are ideal for studying interchromophoric interactions and delocalization of electronic excitations. We report the synthesis of helical polymers with a rigid square structure based on spiro-linked ladder-type pentaphenyl units. The variation of circular dichroism with increasing chain length provides direct evidence for delocalization of electronic excitations over at least 10 monomeric units. The change in the degree of circular polarization of the fluorescence across the vibronic side bands shows that vibrational motion can localize the excitation dynamically to almost one single unit through breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. The dynamic conversion between delocalized and localized excited states provides a new paradigm for interpreting circular dichroism in helical polymers such as proteins and polynucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Ammenhäuser
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecular Chemistry group (BUWmakro), and Wuppertal Institute for Smart Materials and Systems (CM@S), Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gauss-Str. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Patrick Klein
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecular Chemistry group (BUWmakro), and Wuppertal Institute for Smart Materials and Systems (CM@S), Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gauss-Str. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Eva Schmid
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Streicher
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jan Vogelsang
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian W Lehmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - John M Lupton
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan C J Meskers
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecular Chemistry group (BUWmakro), and Wuppertal Institute for Smart Materials and Systems (CM@S), Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gauss-Str. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
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12
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Bernhardt R, Manrho M, Zablocki J, Rieland L, Lützen A, Schiek M, Meerholz K, Zhu J, Jansen TLC, Knoester J, van Loosdrecht PHM. Structural Disorder as the Origin of Optical Properties and Spectral Dynamics in Squaraine Nano-Aggregates. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19372-19381. [PMID: 36240390 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to regular J- and H-aggregates, thin film squaraine aggregates usually have broad absorption spectra containing both J-and H-like features, which are favorable for organic photovoltaics. Despite being successfully applied in organic photovoltaics for years, a clear interpretation of these optical properties by relating them to specific excited states and an underlying aggregate structure has not been made. In this work, by static and transient absorption spectroscopy on aggregated n-butyl anilino squaraines, we provide evidence that both the red- and blue-shifted peaks can be explained by assuming an ensemble of aggregates with intermolecular dipole-dipole resonance interactions and structural disorder deriving from the four different nearest neighbor alignments─in sharp contrast to previous association of the peaks with intermolecular charge-transfer interactions. In our model, the next-nearest neighbor dipole-dipole interactions may be negative or positive, which leads to the occurrence of J- and H-like features in the absorption spectrum. Upon femtosecond pulse excitation of the aggregated sample, a transient absorption spectrum deviating from the absorbance spectrum emerges. The deviation finds its origin in the excitation of two-exciton states by the probe pulse. The lifetime of the exciton is confirmed by the band integral dynamics, featuring a single-exponential decay with a lifetime of 205 ps. Our results disclose the aggregated structure and the origin of red- and blue-shifted peaks and explain the absence of photoluminescence in squaraine thin films. Our findings underline the important role of structural disorder of molecular aggregates for photovoltaic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Bernhardt
- II. Institute of Physics, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 77, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Marìck Manrho
- Zernike Insitute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jennifer Zablocki
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Lukas Rieland
- II. Institute of Physics, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 77, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Arne Lützen
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Manuela Schiek
- Institute of Physics, University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany.,LIOS & ZONA, Johannes Kepler University, Altenbergerstr. 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria.,Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 4-6, D-50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Klaus Meerholz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 4-6, D-50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jingyi Zhu
- II. Institute of Physics, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 77, D-50937 Cologne, Germany.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics Research Centre for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, 116023 Dalian, China
| | - Thomas L C Jansen
- Zernike Insitute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jasper Knoester
- Zernike Insitute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands.,Faculty of Science, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Paul H M van Loosdrecht
- II. Institute of Physics, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 77, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
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13
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Zhang B, Lyu G, Kelly EA, Evans RC. Förster Resonance Energy Transfer in Luminescent Solar Concentrators. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201160. [PMID: 35678107 PMCID: PMC9376834 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) are an emerging technology to collect and channel light from a large absorption area into a smaller one. They are a complementary technology for traditional solar photovoltaics (PV), particularly suitable for application in urban or indoor environments where their custom colors and form factors, and performance under diffuse light conditions may be advantageous. Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) has emerged as a valuable approach to overcome some of the intrinsic limitations of conventional single lumophore LSCs, such as reabsorption or reduced quantum efficiency. This review outlines the potential of FRET to boost LSC performance, using highlights from the literature to illustrate the key criteria that must be considered when designing an FRET-LSC, including both the photophysical requirements of the FRET lumophores and their interaction with the host material. Based on these criteria, a list of design guidelines intended to aid researchers when they approach the design of a new FRET-LSC system is presented. By highlighting the unanswered questions in this field, the authors aim to demonstrate the potential of FRET-LSCs for both conventional solar-harvesting and emerging LSC-inspired technologies and hope to encourage participation from a diverse researcher base to address this exciting challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolong Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and MetallurgyUniversity of Cambridge27 Charles Babbage RoadCambridgeCB3 0FSUK
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MaterialsChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhouFujian350002China
| | - Guanpeng Lyu
- Department of Materials Science and MetallurgyUniversity of Cambridge27 Charles Babbage RoadCambridgeCB3 0FSUK
| | - Elaine A. Kelly
- Department of Materials Science and MetallurgyUniversity of Cambridge27 Charles Babbage RoadCambridgeCB3 0FSUK
| | - Rachel C. Evans
- Department of Materials Science and MetallurgyUniversity of Cambridge27 Charles Babbage RoadCambridgeCB3 0FSUK
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14
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Kim T, Lin C, Schultz JD, Young RM, Wasielewski MR. π-Stacking-Dependent Vibronic Couplings Drive Excited-State Dynamics in Perylenediimide Assemblies. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11386-11396. [PMID: 35699940 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Vibronic coupling, the interplay of electronic and nuclear vibrational motion, is considered a critical mechanism in photoinduced reactions such as energy transfer, charge transfer, and singlet fission. However, our understanding of how particular vibronic couplings impact excited-state dynamics is lacking due to the limited number of experimental studies of model molecular systems. Herein, we use two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) to launch and interrogate a range of vibronic coherences in two distinct types of perylenediimide slip stacks─along the short and long molecular axes, which form either an excimer or a mixed state between the Frenkel exciton (FE) and charge transfer states. We explore the functionality of these vibronic coherences using quantum beatmaps, which display the Fourier amplitude signal oscillations as a function of pump and probe frequencies, along with knowledge of the characteristic signatures of the FE, ionic, and excimer species. We find that a low-frequency vibrational mode of the short-axis slip stack appears concomitantly with the formation of the excimer state, survives 2-fold longer than in the FE state in the reference monomer, and shows a phase shift compared to other modes. For the long-axis slip stacks, a pair of low-frequency modes coupled to a high-frequency coordinate of the FE state were found to play a critical role in mixed-state generation. Our findings thus experimentally reveal the complex and varying roles of vibronic couplings in tightly packed multimers undergoing a range of photoinduced processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Chenjian Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Jonathan D Schultz
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Ryan M Young
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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15
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Accelerating symmetry-breaking charge separation in a perylenediimide trimer through a vibronically coherent dimer intermediate. Nat Chem 2022; 14:786-793. [PMID: 35469005 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-00927-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the photophysics and photochemistry of molecular π-stacked chromophores is important for utilizing them as functional photonic materials. However, these investigations have been mostly limited to covalent molecular dimers, which can only approximate the electronic and vibronic interactions present in the higher oligomers typical of functional organic materials. Here we show that a comparison of the excited-state dynamics of a covalent slip-stacked perylenediimide dimer (2) and trimer (3) provides fundamental insights into electronic state mixing and symmetry-breaking charge separation (SB-CS) beyond the dimer limit. We find that coherent vibronic coupling to high-frequency modes facilitates ultrafast state mixing between the Frenkel exciton (FE) and charge-transfer (CT) states. Subsequently, solvent fluctuations and interchromophore low-frequency vibrations promote CT character in the coherent FE/CT mixed state. The coherent FE/CT mixed state persists in 2, but, in 3, low-frequency vibronic coupling collapses the coherence, resulting in ultrafast SB-CS between the distal perylenediimide units.
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16
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Segalina A, Aranda D, Green JA, Cristino V, Caramori S, Prampolini G, Pastore M, Santoro F. How the Interplay among Conformational Disorder, Solvation, Local, and Charge-Transfer Excitations Affects the Absorption Spectrum and Photoinduced Dynamics of Perylene Diimide Dimers: A Molecular Dynamics/Quantum Vibronic Approach. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:3718-3736. [PMID: 35377648 PMCID: PMC9202308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
![]()
In this contribution
we present a mixed quantum-classical dynamical
approach for the computation of vibronic absorption spectra of molecular
aggregates and their nonadiabatic dynamics, taking into account the
coupling between local excitations (LE) and charge-transfer (CT) states.
The approach is based on an adiabatic (Ad) separation between the
soft degrees of freedom (DoFs) of the system and the stiff vibrations,
which are described by the quantum dynamics (QD) of wave packets (WPs)
moving on the coupled potential energy surfaces (PESs) of the LE and
CT states. These PESs are described with a linear vibronic coupling
(LVC) Hamiltonian, parameterized by an overlap-based diabatization
on the grounds of time-dependent density functional theory computations.
The WPs time evolution is computed with the multiconfiguration time-dependent
Hartree method, using effective modes defined through a hierarchical
representation of the LVC Hamiltonian. The soft DoFs are sampled with
classical molecular dynamics (MD), and the coupling between the slow
and fast DoFs is included by recomputing the key parameters of the
LVC Hamiltonians, specifically for each MD configuration. This method,
named Ad-MD|gLVC, is applied to a perylene diimide (PDI) dimer in
acetonitrile and water solutions, and it is shown to accurately reproduce
the change in the vibronic features of the absorption spectrum upon
aggregation. Moreover, the microscopic insight offered by the MD trajectories
allows for a detailed understanding of the role played by the fluctuation
of the aggregate structure on the shape of the vibronic spectrum and
on the population of LE and CT states. The nonadiabatic QD predicts
an extremely fast (∼50 fs) energy transfer between the two
LEs. CT states have only a moderate effect on the absorption spectrum,
despite the fact that after photoexcitation they are shown to acquire
a fast and non-negligible population, highlighting their relevance
in dictating the charge separation and transport in PDI-based optical
devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alekos Segalina
- Université de Lorraine and CNRS, LPCT, UMR 7019, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Daniel Aranda
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, Catedrático J. Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - James A Green
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini (IBB-CNR), via Mezzocannone 16, I-80136 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vito Cristino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche ed Agrarie, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefano Caramori
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche ed Agrarie, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giacomo Prampolini
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo Metallici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, (ICCOM-CNR), SS di Pisa, Area della Ricerca, via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Santoro
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo Metallici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, (ICCOM-CNR), SS di Pisa, Area della Ricerca, via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
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17
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Hart SM, Wang X, Guo J, Bathe M, Schlau-Cohen GS. Tuning Optical Absorption and Emission Using Strongly Coupled Dimers in Programmable DNA Scaffolds. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:1863-1871. [PMID: 35175058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Molecular materials for light harvesting, computing, and fluorescence imaging require nanoscale integration of electronically active subunits. Variation in the optical absorption and emission properties of the subunits has primarily been achieved through modifications to the chemical structure, which is often synthetically challenging. Here, we introduce a facile method for varying optical absorption and emission properties by changing the geometry of a strongly coupled Cy3 dimer on a double-crossover (DX) DNA tile. Leveraging the versatility and programmability of DNA, we tune the length of the complementary strand so that it "pushes" or "pulls" the dimer, inducing dramatic changes in the photophysics including lifetime differences observable at the ensemble and single-molecule level. The separable lifetimes, along with environmental sensitivity also observed in the photophysics, suggest that the Cy3-DX tile constructs could serve as fluorescence probes for multiplexed imaging. More generally, these constructs establish a framework for easily controllable photophysics via geometric changes to coupled chromophores, which could be applied in light-harvesting devices and molecular electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Hart
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jiajia Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mark Bathe
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gabriela S Schlau-Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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18
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Hauschildt SJ, Wu Z, Uersfeld D, Schmid P, Götz C, Engel V, Engels B, Müllen K, Basché T. Excitation localization in a trimeric perylenediimide macrocycle: Synthesis, theory, and single molecule spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:044304. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0077676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Simon J. Hauschildt
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Zehua Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniel Uersfeld
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Paul Schmid
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Götz
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Volker Engel
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Basché
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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19
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Heussman D, Kittell J, von Hippel PH, Marcus AH. Temperature-dependent local conformations and conformational distributions of cyanine dimer labeled single-stranded-double-stranded DNA junctions by 2D fluorescence spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:045101. [PMID: 35105081 PMCID: PMC9448411 DOI: 10.1063/5.0076261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA replication and the related processes of genome expression require binding, assembly, and function of protein complexes at and near single-stranded (ss)-double-stranded (ds) DNA junctions. These central protein-DNA interactions are likely influenced by thermally induced conformational fluctuations of the DNA scaffold across an unknown distribution of functionally relevant states to provide regulatory proteins access to properly conformed DNA binding sites. Thus, characterizing the nature of conformational fluctuations and the associated structural disorder at ss-dsDNA junctions is critical for understanding the molecular mechanisms of these central biological processes. Here, we describe spectroscopic studies of model ss-dsDNA fork constructs that contain dimers of "internally labeled" cyanine (iCy3) chromophore probes that have been rigidly inserted within the sugar-phosphate backbones of the DNA strands. Our combined analyses of absorbance, circular dichroism, and two-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy permit us to characterize the local conformational parameters and conformational distributions. We find that the DNA sugar-phosphate backbones undergo abrupt successive changes in their local conformations-initially from a right-handed and ordered DNA state to a disordered splayed-open structure and then to a disordered left-handed conformation-as the dimer probes are moved across the ss-dsDNA junction. Our results suggest that the sugar-phosphate backbones at and near ss-dsDNA junctions adopt specific position-dependent local conformations and exhibit varying extents of conformational disorder that deviate widely from the Watson-Crick structure. We suggest that some of these conformations can function as secondary-structure motifs for interaction with protein complexes that bind to and assemble at these sites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justin Kittell
- Center for Optical, Molecular and Quantum Science, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - Peter H. von Hippel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
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20
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Rolczynski BS, Díaz SA, Kim YC, Medintz IL, Cunningham PD, Melinger JS. Understanding Disorder, Vibronic Structure, and Delocalization in Electronically Coupled Dimers on DNA Duplexes. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:9632-9644. [PMID: 34709821 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c07205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Structural DNA nanotechnology is a promising approach to create chromophore networks with modular structures and Hamiltonians to control the material's functions. The functional behaviors of these systems depend on the interactions of the chromophores' vibronic states, as well as interactions with their environment. To optimize their functions, it is necessary to characterize the chromophore network's structural and energetic properties, including the electronic delocalization in some cases. In this study, parameters of interest are deduced in DNA-scaffolded Cyanine 3 and Cyanine 5 dimers. The methods include steady-state optical measurements, physical modeling, and a genetic algorithm approach. The parameters include the chromophore network's vibronic Hamiltonian, molecular positions, transition dipole orientations, and environmentally induced energy broadening. Additionally, the study uses temperature-dependent optical measurements to characterize the spectral broadening further. These combined results reveal the quantum mechanical delocalization, which is important for functions like coherent energy transport and quantum information applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S Rolczynski
- Electronics Science and Technology Division, Code 6800, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Sebastián A Díaz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Young C Kim
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Code 6300, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Igor L Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Paul D Cunningham
- Electronics Science and Technology Division, Code 6800, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Joseph S Melinger
- Electronics Science and Technology Division, Code 6800, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
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21
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Meskers SCJ. Circular Polarization of Luminescence as a Tool To Study Molecular Dynamical Processes. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202100154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan C. J. Meskers
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. box 513 (STW 4.37) NL 5600 MB Eindhoven Netherlands
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22
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Sebastian E, Hariharan M. Null Exciton-Coupled Chromophoric Dimer Exhibits Symmetry-Breaking Charge Separation. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13769-13781. [PMID: 34370481 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of the structure-property relationships in multichromophoric architectures has pushed the limits for developing robust photosynthetic mimics and molecular photovoltaics. The elusive phenomenon of null exciton splitting has gathered immense attention in recent years owing to the occurrence in unique chromophoric architectures and consequent emergent properties. Herein, we unveil the hitherto unobserved null exciton coupling assisted highly efficient photoinduced symmetry-breaking charge separation (SB-CS) in a Greek cross (+)-oriented spiro-conjugated perylenediimide dimer (Sp-PDI2). Quantum chemical calculations have rationalized the infrequent manifestation of null exciton coupling behavior in Sp-PDI2. Negligible contribution of long-range Coulombic and short-range charge-transfer mediated coupling renders a monomer-like spectroscopic signature for Sp-PDI2 in toluene. The Greek cross (+)-arranged Sp-PDI2 possesses a selective hole-transfer coupling, facilitating the ultrafast dissociation of null excitons and evolution of the charge-separated state in polar solvents. Radical cationic and anionic spectroscopic signatures were characterized by employing femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. The substantial hole transfer electronic coupling and lower activation energy barrier of Sp-PDI2 accelerated the charge separation rate. The rate of charge recombination (CR) markedly decelerated due to falling into the inverted region of the Marcus parabola, where the driving force of CR is larger than the total reorganization energy for CR. Hence, the ratio of the rates for SB-CS over CR of Sp-PDI2 exhibited an unprecedently high value of 2647 in acetonitrile. The current study provides impeccable evidence for the role of selective charge filtering in governing efficient SB-CS and thereby novel insights towards the design of biomimics and advanced functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebin Sebastian
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, Kerala, India
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, Kerala, India
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23
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Greenfield JL, Wade J, Brandt JR, Shi X, Penfold TJ, Fuchter MJ. Pathways to increase the dissymmetry in the interaction of chiral light and chiral molecules. Chem Sci 2021; 12:8589-8602. [PMID: 34257860 PMCID: PMC8246297 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02335g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The dissymmetric interaction between circularly polarised (CP) light and chiral molecules is central to a range of areas, from spectroscopy and imaging to next-generation photonic devices. However, the selectivity in absorption or emission of left-handed versus right-handed CP light is low for many molecular systems. In this perspective, we assess the magnitude of the measured chiroptical response for a variety of chiral systems, ranging from small molecules to large supramolecular assemblies, and highlight the challenges towards enhancing chiroptical activity. We explain the origins of low CP dissymmetry and showcase recent examples in which molecular design, and the modification of light itself, enable larger responses. Our discussion spans spatial extension of the chiral chromophore, manipulation of transition dipole moments, exploitation of forbidden transitions and creation of macroscopic chiral structures; all of which can increase the dissymmetry. Whilst the specific strategy taken to enhance the dissymmetric interaction will depend on the application of interest, these approaches offer hope for the development and advancement of all research fields that involve interactions of chiral molecules and light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake L Greenfield
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus 82 Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Jessica Wade
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London Exhibition Road SW7 2AZ UK
- Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Jochen R Brandt
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus 82 Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
- Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Xingyuan Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus 82 Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
- Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Thomas J Penfold
- Chemistry - School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK
| | - Matthew J Fuchter
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus 82 Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
- Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus London SW7 2AZ UK
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24
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Wang G, Zhang C, Liu Z, Wang R, Ma H, Wang X, Xiao M. Singlet Fission Dynamics in Tetracene Single Crystals Probed by Polarization-Dependent Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:10447-10456. [PMID: 33290074 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c08440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The exact mechanism of endothermic singlet fission in crystalline polyacene remains to be clarified. It has been elusive whether the excess energy of vibrational hot states and the upper branch of Davydov splitting is important for the energy compensation. Here, we probe the excited-state specified singlet fission dynamics in tetracene single crystals by polarization-dependent two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES). While a major spectral transfer with a characteristic lifetime of 86 ps is observed to be largely independent of the excitation energy due to formation of the spatially separated triplet pairs (1(T···T)), the excitation-energy dependent subpicosecond dynamics show marked differences for different states probed, implying the possible involvement of a coherently formed triplet pair state (1(TT)). Analysis of coherent vibrational modes suggests the coupling to high energy modes may offset the energy difference between singlet and triplet pair states. Moreover, the beating map of the low frequency mode indicates a vibrational hot state violating the aggregation behavior of Davydov exciton, which can be explained as a resonance of the 1(TT) state. These results suggest that the coherent vibronic mixing between local excitation and triplet pair states is essential for the singlet fission dynamics in molecule aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Zhixing Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Haibo Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Min Xiao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China.,Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
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25
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Kozlowska M, Pramudya Y, Jakoby M, Heidrich S, Pan L, Richards BS, A Howard I, Wöll C, Haldar R, Wenzel W. Crystalline assembly of perylene in metal-organic framework thin film: J-aggregate or excimer? Insight into the electronic structure. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 33:034001. [PMID: 32987373 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abbc34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The spatial orientation of chromophores defines the photophysical and optoelectronic properties of a material and serves as the main tunable parameter for tailoring functionality. Controlled assembly for achieving a predefined spatial orientation of chromophores is rather challenging. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are an attractive platform for exploring the virtually unlimited chemical space of organic components and their self-assembly for device optimization. Here, we demonstrate the impact of interchromophore interactions on the photophysical properties of a surface-anchored MOF (SURMOF) based on 3,9-perylenedicarboxylicacid linkers. We predict the structural assembly of the perylene molecules in the MOF via robust periodic density functional theory calculations and discuss the impact of unit topology and π-π interaction patterns on spectroscopic and semiconducting properties of the MOF films. We explain the dual nature of excited states in the perylene MOF, where strong temperature-modulated excimer emission, enhanced by the formation of perylene J-aggregates, and low stable monomer emission are observed. We use band-like and hopping transport mechanisms to predict semiconducting properties of perylene SURMOF-2 films as a function of inter-linker interactions, demonstrating both p-type and n-type conduction mechanisms. Hole carrier mobility up to 7.34 cm2Vs-1is predicted for the perylene SURMOF-2. The results show a promising pathway towards controlling excimer photophysics in a MOF while controlling charge carrier mobility on the basis of a predictive model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Kozlowska
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Nanotechnology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Yohanes Pramudya
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Nanotechnology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Marius Jakoby
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Microstructure Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Shahriar Heidrich
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Nanotechnology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Liuyang Pan
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Functional Interfaces, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Bryce S Richards
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Microstructure Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Light Technology Institute (LTI), Engesserstrasse 13, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Ian A Howard
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Microstructure Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Light Technology Institute (LTI), Engesserstrasse 13, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Christof Wöll
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Functional Interfaces, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ritesh Haldar
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Functional Interfaces, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wenzel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Nanotechnology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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26
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Rehhagen C, Stolte M, Herbst S, Hecht M, Lochbrunner S, Würthner F, Fennel F. Exciton Migration in Multistranded Perylene Bisimide J-Aggregates. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:6612-6617. [PMID: 32686422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Exciton migration in self-assembled supramolecular ensembles of dye molecules is controlled by the electronic coupling between adjacent sites, the delocalization of the excitation and thereby by the packing arrangement. Here, we put emphasis on the packing structure and analyze the exciton migration in two perylene bisimide-based J-aggregates composed of almost identical molecular building blocks but forming double-strand versus quadruple-strand slip-stacked supramolecular architectures. Analyzing ultrafast transient absorption spectra in dependence on the exciton density by a kinetic model for exciton-exciton annihilation based on incoherent transfer demonstrates that the migration is quasi one-dimensional. The migration distance is enhanced by a beneficial geometrical structure. We find a factor of more than two between the diffusion lengths of 188 and 77 nm for the double- and quadruple-stranded system. The supramolecular design efficiently influences the exciton mobility and minor structural changes have a pronounced influence on functional properties of dye aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Rehhagen
- Institute for Physics and Department "Life, Light & Matter", University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Matthias Stolte
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Herbst
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Hecht
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Lochbrunner
- Institute for Physics and Department "Life, Light & Matter", University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Fennel
- Institute for Physics and Department "Life, Light & Matter", University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
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27
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Samanta S, Ray SK, Deolka S, Saha S, K R P, Bhowal R, Ghosh N, Chaudhuri D. Safeguarding long-lived excitons from excimer traps in H-aggregated dye-assemblies. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5710-5715. [PMID: 32874507 PMCID: PMC7441499 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01784a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
An unusually large exciton coupling and spontaneous self-localization safeguards the long-lived excitons of H-aggregated perylene bisimide against a notoriously universal excimeric trapping process, and rekindles its potential as a light-harvesting material.
The fate of perylene bisimide (PBI) H-aggregates as energy-harvesting materials depends on the ability to circumvent an extremely deleterious but efficient self-trapping process that scavenges the long-lived excitons to form deep excimeric traps. We present the first ever report of an ambient-stable, bright, steady-state photoluminescence (PL) from the long-lived exciton of an H-aggregated PBI crystal. The crystal structure reveals a rotationally displaced H-aggregated arrangement of PBI chromophores, in which transition from the lowest energy exciton state is partially allowed. Polarized absorption spectroscopy on single microcrystals confirms an unusually large exciton splitting of ∼1265 cm–1 that stabilizes the lower exciton state, and inhibits excimer formation. A PL Mueller matrix study shows an increase in the excited state polarization anisotropy, indicating a strong localization of the nascent exciton, which further safeguards it from the self-trapping process. Finally, the possibility of achieving excimer-free excitonic PL in solution self-assembly is also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaresh Samanta
- Department of Chemical Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata , Mohanpur 741246 , India .
| | - Subir Kumar Ray
- Department of Physical Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata , Mohanpur 741246 , India
| | - Shubham Deolka
- Department of Chemical Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata , Mohanpur 741246 , India .
| | - Sudipta Saha
- Department of Physical Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata , Mohanpur 741246 , India
| | - Pradeep K R
- New Chemistry Unit , Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research , Bengaluru 560064 , India
| | - Rohit Bhowal
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal , Bhopal 462066 , India
| | - Nirmalya Ghosh
- Department of Physical Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata , Mohanpur 741246 , India
| | - Debangshu Chaudhuri
- Department of Chemical Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata , Mohanpur 741246 , India .
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28
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Jones AC, Kearns NM, Ho JJ, Flach JT, Zanni MT. Impact of non-equilibrium molecular packings on singlet fission in microcrystals observed using 2D white-light microscopy. Nat Chem 2019; 12:40-47. [PMID: 31792384 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-019-0368-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Singlet fission, the process of splitting a singlet exciton into two triplet excitons, has been proposed as a mechanism for improving the efficiency of future photovoltaic devices. In organic semiconductors exhibiting singlet fission, the geometric relationship between molecules plays an important role by setting the intermolecular couplings that determine the system energetics. Here, we spatially image TIPS-pentacene microcrystals using ultrafast two-dimensional white-light microscopy and discover a low-energy singlet state sparsely distributed throughout the microcrystals, with higher concentrations at edges and morphological defects. The spectra of these singlet states are consistent with slip-stacked molecular geometries and increased charge-transfer couplings. The picosecond-timescale kinetics of these low-energy singlet states matches that of the correlated triplet-pair state, which we attribute to singlet/triplet-pair interconversion at these sites. Our observations support the conclusion that small populations of geometries with favourable energetics can play outsized roles in singlet fission processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Jia-Jung Ho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jessica T Flach
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Martin T Zanni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
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29
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Intrinsically distinct hole and electron transport in conjugated polymers controlled by intra and intermolecular interactions. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5226. [PMID: 31745091 PMCID: PMC6863910 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13155-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
It is still a matter of controversy whether the relative difference in hole and electron transport in solution-processed organic semiconductors is either due to intrinsic properties linked to chemical and solid-state structure or to extrinsic factors, as device architecture. We here isolate the intrinsic factors affecting either electron or hole transport within the same film microstructure of a model copolymer semiconductor. Relatively, holes predominantly bleach inter-chain interactions with H-type electronic coupling character, while electrons' relaxation more strongly involves intra-chain interactions with J-type character. Holes and electrons mobility correlates with the presence of a charge transfer state, while their ratio is a function of the relative content of intra- and inter-molecular interactions. Such fundamental observation, revealing the specific role of the ground-state intra- and inter-molecular coupling in selectively assisting charge transport, allows predicting a more favorable hole or electron transport already from screening the polymer film ground state optical properties.
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30
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Ning X, Chittigori J, Li Y, Horner G, Zhou Z, Ullal CK, Schadler L. Dye doped concentric shell nanoparticles for enhanced photophysical performance of downconverting light emitting diodes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 556:753-760. [PMID: 31526914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the potential for perylene dye doped nanoparticles to enhance Light Emitting Diodes (LED) efficacy by minimizing π-π intermolecular aggregation, and enhancing photoluminescence and photostability of the dye molecules in the solid state. Towards this end, we encapsulated perylene dyes, suitably modified with a reactive silica precursor, into silica nanoparticles within a silica-dye-silica concentric layered shell. We found that the fluorescent yield was higher when the dye was embedded in a buried concentric shell within the silica nanoparticles (NPs) compared to an undoped shell/dye doped core nanoparticle morphology or unencapsulated dye with the same net dye concentration in solution. A strong dependence of relative quantum yield on dye doping concentration in the silica-dye-silica nanoparticles was observed. The uniform ∼ 100 nm large silica-dye-silica layered nanoparticles were used to prepare transparent dye doped silica nanoparticle/silicone nanocomposites. Dye doped silica nanoparticle/silicone nanocomposites exhibited higher photostability than the unencapsulated dye samples during long time aging tests under a blue LED with a wavelength of 455 nm at 300 ± 3% mA for 24 h. Novel dye doped layered silica NPs and their nanocomposites offer scope for developing organic luminescent materials into efficient and color-tunable light emitters for low-cost display, lighting, and optical communication applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ning
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States.
| | - Joshna Chittigori
- Bambu Vault LLC (Formerly Known as Performance Indicator LLC), Lowell, MA 01852, United States
| | - Ying Li
- Bambu Vault LLC (Formerly Known as Performance Indicator LLC), Lowell, MA 01852, United States
| | - Glenn Horner
- Bambu Vault LLC (Formerly Known as Performance Indicator LLC), Lowell, MA 01852, United States
| | - Zhe Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States
| | - Chaitanya K Ullal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States.
| | - Linda Schadler
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
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31
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Kang S, Kaufmann C, Hong Y, Kim W, Nowak-Król A, Würthner F, Kim D. Ultrafast coherent exciton dynamics in size-controlled perylene bisimide aggregates. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2019; 6:064501. [PMID: 31803792 PMCID: PMC6887513 DOI: 10.1063/1.5124148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
For H-aggregates of perylene bisimide (PBI), it has been reported that upon photoexcitation, an initially delocalized Frenkel exciton is localized by excimer formation. However, in recent studies, the beforehand exciton dynamics preceding the excimer formation was suggested in larger aggregates consisting of at least more than 10-PBI subunits, which was not observed in small aggregates comprising less than four-PBI subunits. This feature implies that the size of molecular aggregates plays a crucial role in the initial exciton dynamics. In this regard, we have tried to unveil the initial exciton dynamics in PBI H-aggregates by tracking down the transient reorientations of electronic transition dipoles formed by interactions between the PBI subunits in systematically size-controlled PBI H-aggregates. The ultrafast coherent exciton dynamics depending on the molecular aggregate sizes can be distinguished using polarization-dependent femtosecond-transient absorption anisotropy spectroscopic measurements with a time resolution of ∼40 fs. The ultrafast decay profiles of the anisotropy values are unaffected by vibrational relaxation and rotational diffusion processes; hence, the coherent exciton dynamics of the PBI H-aggregates prior to the excimer formation can be directly revealed as the energy migration processes along the PBI H-aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongsoo Kang
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Christina Kaufmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Woojae Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Agnieszka Nowak-Król
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
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32
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Heussman D, Kittell J, Kringle L, Tamimi A, von Hippel PH, Marcus AH. Measuring local conformations and conformational disorder of (Cy3) 2 dimer labeled DNA fork junctions using absorbance, circular dichroism and two-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy. Faraday Discuss 2019; 216:211-235. [PMID: 31038134 DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00245b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA near single-stranded (ss)-double-stranded (ds) junctions likely fluctuates within a broad distribution of conformations to permit the proper binding of genome regulatory proteins that function at these sites. In this work we use absorbance, circular dichroism (CD), and two-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy (2DFS) to study the local conformations and conformational disorder within chromophore-labeled DNA constructs. These constructs employ dimers of the fluorescent chromophore Cy3 that are site-specifically incorporated into the sugar-phosphate backbones of DNA strands at ss-ds DNA fork junctions. We show that these data can be analyzed to determine the local conformations of the (Cy3)2 dimer, and the degree of conformational disorder. Our analysis employs an essential-state Holstein-Frenkel Hamiltonian model, which takes into account the internal electronic-vibrational motions within each Cy3 chromophore, and the resonant electronic interaction that couples the two chromophores together. Our results suggest that this approach may be applied generally to understand local backbone conformation and conformational disorder at ss-ds DNA fork junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Heussman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Optical, Molecular and Quantum Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.
| | - Justin Kittell
- Department of Physics, Center for Optical, Molecular and Quantum Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Loni Kringle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Optical, Molecular and Quantum Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.
| | - Amr Tamimi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Optical, Molecular and Quantum Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.
| | - Peter H von Hippel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Andrew H Marcus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Optical, Molecular and Quantum Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA. and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
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33
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Jumper CC, Rafiq S, Wang S, Scholes GD. From coherent to vibronic light harvesting in photosynthesis. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2018; 47:39-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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34
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Philip AM, Manikandan SK, Shaji A, Hariharan M. Concerted Interplay of Excimer and Dipole Coupling Governs the Exciton Relaxation Dynamics in Crystalline Anthracenes. Chemistry 2018; 24:18089-18096. [PMID: 30260513 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A combined theoretical and experimental investigation into the role of concerted long- (dipole coupling) and short-range (orbital overlap mediated excimer) electronic interactions in modulating the emission of six crystalline acetylanthracenes (1-3) is reported. Friedel-Crafts acylation of anthracene rendered crystalline acetylanthracenes with discrete close packing, varied orbital overlap, and resultant distinct emission (blue-green-yellow) from cooperative excimer and dipole coupling. Time-resolved emission spectroscopy (TRES) studies and the Kasha's exciton theory based quantitative estimation of dipole coupling (mean-field approximation) substantiates the exciton dynamics in crystalline 1-3. Extension of the Kasha's exciton model beyond the traditional nearest-neighbor approach, and consistent agreement among the computed spectral shifts and TRES temporal components, corroborate a holistic approach to decipher the exciton relaxation dynamics in the molecular assembly of novel photonic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbey M Philip
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education, and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Maruthamala P. O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - Sreenath K Manikandan
- School of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education, and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Maruthamala P. O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India.,Present Address: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Anil Shaji
- School of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education, and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Maruthamala P. O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education, and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Maruthamala P. O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
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35
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Kar S, Swathi K, Sissa C, Painelli A, Thomas KG. Emergence of Chiroptical Properties in Molecular Assemblies of Phenyleneethynylenes: The Role of Quasi-degenerate Excitations. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:4584-4590. [PMID: 30040428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chiroptical properties of supramolecular assemblies originate through the asymmetric coupling of molecular transition dipole moments. Herein, we report a joint experimental and theoretical investigation to understand the influence of intermolecular interactions on chiroptical properties, particularly during the early stages of self-assembly. In this regard, phenyleneethynylene-based molecular systems appended with d- and l-isomers of phenylalanine have been synthesized with one as well as two electronic transitions in the spectral region of interest. When self-assembled, these molecules show distinctly different chiroptical properties with the right- and left-handed organizations, guided by the chirality of phenylalanines. The standard exciton approach explains the observation of a bisignated electronic circular dichroism signal in systems with a single transition but fails when applied to systems with two nearby transitions. Here, we present a generalized exciton approach that addresses the unusual chiroptical properties of systems with multiple transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabnam Kar
- School of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM) , Trivandrum 695551 , India
| | - K Swathi
- School of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM) , Trivandrum 695551 , India
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale , University of Parma , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Cristina Sissa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale , University of Parma , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Anna Painelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale , University of Parma , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - K George Thomas
- School of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM) , Trivandrum 695551 , India
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36
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Kaufmann C, Bialas D, Stolte M, Würthner F. Discrete π-Stacks of Perylene Bisimide Dyes within Folda-Dimers: Insight into Long- and Short-Range Exciton Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:9986-9995. [PMID: 29992819 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b05490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Four well-defined π-stacks of perylene bisimide (PBI) dyes were obtained in solution by covalent linkage of two chromophores with spacer units of different length and sterical demand. Structural elucidation of the folda-dimers by in-depth nuclear magnetic resonance studies and geometry optimization at the level of density functional theory suggest different, but highly defined molecular arrangements of the two chromophores in the folded state enforced by the various spacer moieties. Remarkably, the dye stacks exhibit considerably different optical properties as investigated by UV/vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, despite only slightly different chromophore arrangements. The distinct absorption properties can be rationalized by an interplay of long- and short-range exciton coupling resulting in optical signatures ranging from conventional H-type to monomer like absorption features with low and appreciably high fluorescence quantum yields, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, we present the first experimental proof of a PBI-based "null-aggregate", in which long- and short-range exciton coupling fully compensate each other, giving rise to monomer-like absorption features for a stack of two PBI chromophores. Hence, our insights pinpoint the importance of charge-transfer mediated short-range coupling that can significantly influence the optical properties of PBI π-stacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kaufmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry , Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - David Bialas
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry , Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Matthias Stolte
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry , Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry , Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
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37
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Kringle L, Sawaya NPD, Widom J, Adams C, Raymer MG, Aspuru-Guzik A, Marcus AH. Temperature-dependent conformations of exciton-coupled Cy3 dimers in double-stranded DNA. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:085101. [PMID: 29495791 DOI: 10.1063/1.5020084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the properties of electronically interacting molecular chromophores, which involve internally coupled electronic-vibrational motions, is important to the spectroscopy of many biologically relevant systems. Here we apply linear absorption, circular dichroism, and two-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy to study the polarized collective excitations of excitonically coupled cyanine dimers (Cy3)2 that are rigidly positioned within the opposing sugar-phosphate backbones of the double-stranded region of a double-stranded (ds)-single-stranded (ss) DNA fork construct. We show that the exciton-coupling strength of the (Cy3)2-DNA construct can be systematically varied with temperature below the ds-ss DNA denaturation transition. We interpret spectroscopic measurements in terms of the Holstein vibronic dimer model, from which we obtain information about the local conformation of the (Cy3)2 dimer, as well as the degree of static disorder experienced by the Cy3 monomer and the (Cy3)2 dimer probe locally within their respective DNA duplex environments. The properties of the (Cy3)2-DNA construct we determine suggest that it may be employed as a useful model system to test fundamental concepts of protein-DNA interactions and the role of electronic-vibrational coherence in electronic energy migration within exciton-coupled bio-molecular arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loni Kringle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Optical, Molecular and Quantum Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - Nicolas P D Sawaya
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Julia Widom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Carson Adams
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Optical, Molecular and Quantum Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - Michael G Raymer
- Department of Physics, Center for Optical, Molecular and Quantum Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - Alán Aspuru-Guzik
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Andrew H Marcus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Optical, Molecular and Quantum Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
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38
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Sakai H, Inaya R, Nagashima H, Nakamura S, Kobori Y, Tkachenko NV, Hasobe T. Multiexciton Dynamics Depending on Intramolecular Orientations in Pentacene Dimers: Recombination and Dissociation of Correlated Triplet Pairs. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:3354-3360. [PMID: 29847939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pentacene dimers bridged by a phenylene at ortho and meta positions [denoted as o-(Pc)2 and m-(Pc)2] were synthesized to examine intramolecular orientation-dependent multiexciton dynamics, especially focusing on singlet fission (SF) and recombination from correlated triplet pairs [(TT)]. Absorption and electrochemical measurements indicated strong intramolecular couplings of o-(Pc)2 relative to m-(Pc)2. Femtosecond and nanosecond TA measurements successfully demonstrated efficient SF in both dimers. In contrast, the dissociation process from the (TT) to the individual triplets [(2 × T)] was clearly observed in m-(Pc)2, which is in sharp contrast to a major recombination process in o-(Pc)2. Time-resolved electron spin resonance (TR-ESR) measurements demonstrated that the recombination and dissociation proceed from the quintet state of 5(TT) in m-(Pc)2. The rate constant of the SF was 2 orders of magnitude greater in o-(Pc)2 than that in m-(Pc)2 and was rationalized by enhanced electronic coupling between adjacent HOMOs of the Pc units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Sakai
- Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University , Yokohama 223-8522 , Japan
| | - Ryutaro Inaya
- Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University , Yokohama 223-8522 , Japan
| | - Hiroki Nagashima
- Molecular Photoscience Research Center , Kobe University , 1-1 Rokkodai-cho , Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501 , Japan
| | - Shunta Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University , Yokohama 223-8522 , Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kobori
- Molecular Photoscience Research Center , Kobe University , 1-1 Rokkodai-cho , Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501 , Japan
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science, Kobe University , Kobe 657-8501 , Japan
| | - Nikolai V Tkachenko
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering , Tampere University of Technology , 33720 Tampere , Finland
| | - Taku Hasobe
- Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University , Yokohama 223-8522 , Japan
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39
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Schulz M, Zablocki J, Abdullaeva OS, Brück S, Balzer F, Lützen A, Arteaga O, Schiek M. Giant intrinsic circular dichroism of prolinol-derived squaraine thin films. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2413. [PMID: 29925832 PMCID: PMC6010436 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04811-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular chirality and the inherently connected differential absorption of circular polarized light (CD) combined with semiconducting properties offers great potential for chiral opto-electronics. Here we discuss the temperature-controlled assembly of enantiopure prolinol functionalized squaraines with opposite handedness into intrinsically circular dichroic, molecular J-aggregates in spincasted thin films. By Mueller matrix spectroscopy we accurately probe an extraordinary high excitonic circular dichroism, which is not amplified by mesoscopic ordering effects. At maximum, CD values of 1000 mdeg/nm are reached and, after accounting for reflection losses related to the thin film nature, we obtain a film thickness independent dissymmetry factor g = 0.75. The large oscillator strength of the corresponding absorption within the deep-red spectral range translates into a negative real part of the dielectric function in the spectral vicinity of the exciton resonance. Thereby, we provide a new small molecular benchmark material for the development of organic thin film based chiroptics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schulz
- Kekulé Insitute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rheinische-Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jennifer Zablocki
- Kekulé Insitute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rheinische-Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliya S Abdullaeva
- Energy and Semiconductor Research Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Carl-von-Ossietzky-University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, D-26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Brück
- Kekulé Insitute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rheinische-Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Balzer
- Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, DK-6400, Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Arne Lützen
- Kekulé Insitute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rheinische-Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Oriol Arteaga
- Department of Applied Physics and IN2UB, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Manuela Schiek
- Energy and Semiconductor Research Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Carl-von-Ossietzky-University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, D-26129, Oldenburg, Germany.
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40
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Hestand NJ, Spano FC. Expanded Theory of H- and J-Molecular Aggregates: The Effects of Vibronic Coupling and Intermolecular Charge Transfer. Chem Rev 2018; 118:7069-7163. [PMID: 29664617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 704] [Impact Index Per Article: 117.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The electronic excited states of molecular aggregates and their photophysical signatures have long fascinated spectroscopists and theoreticians alike since the advent of Frenkel exciton theory almost 90 years ago. The influence of molecular packing on basic optical probes like absorption and photoluminescence was originally worked out by Kasha for aggregates dominated by Coulombic intermolecular interactions, eventually leading to the classification of J- and H-aggregates. This review outlines advances made in understanding the relationship between aggregate structure and photophysics when vibronic coupling and intermolecular charge transfer are incorporated. An assortment of packing geometries is considered from the humble molecular dimer to more exotic structures including linear and bent aggregates, two-dimensional herringbone and "HJ" aggregates, and chiral aggregates. The interplay between long-range Coulomb coupling and short-range charge-transfer-mediated coupling strongly depends on the aggregate architecture leading to a wide array of photophysical behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Hestand
- Department of Chemistry , Temple University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
| | - Frank C Spano
- Department of Chemistry , Temple University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
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41
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Chal P, Shit A, Nandi AK. Optoelectronic Properties of Supramolecular Aggregates of Phenylalanine Conjugated Perylene Bisimide. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pousali Chal
- Polymer Science unit; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Jadavpur Kolkata-700032 India
| | - Arnab Shit
- Polymer Science unit; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Jadavpur Kolkata-700032 India
| | - Arun K. Nandi
- Polymer Science unit; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Jadavpur Kolkata-700032 India
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42
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Bayda M, Dumoulin F, Hug GL, Koput J, Gorniak R, Wojcik A. Fluorescent H-aggregates of an asymmetrically substituted mono-amino Zn(ii) phthalocyanine. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:1914-1926. [PMID: 28112299 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02651f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The photophysical properties of a newly synthesized unsymmetrically substituted zinc phthalocyanine derivative (1) bearing in its peripheral positions six n-hexylsulfanyl substituents and one amino-terminated n-hexylsulfanyl substituent were investigated. This mono-amino phthalocyanine exhibited a high tendency to form H-type aggregates in all of the investigated solvents: dichloromethane (DCM), tetrahydrofuran (THF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Several species of H-aggregates were present together in relatively broad concentration ranges in THF and DCM, whereas in DMSO they were observed separately depending on the concentration used. Despite the widely accepted non-emissive character of H-type dimers, the H-type aggregates of phthalocyanine 1 were highly emissive in all solvents: the fluorescence quantum yield in DMSO for the n-aggregate is equal to 0.05, whereas for the (n + 1)-aggregate it is 0.11. Upon (n + 1)-aggregation, the fluorescence lifetime of the n-aggregate increased from ca. 2.5 ns to 3.3 ns. Based on these results, the radiative lifetimes of both species were computed: 48 ns for the n-aggregate and 29 ns for the (n + 1)-aggregate. The determined oscillator strengths for the n-aggregate and the (n + 1)-aggregate in DMSO were 0.04 and 0.12, respectively. The observed emission of the H-type (n + 1)-aggregate was assigned to the radiative transition from the upper exciton state to the ground state, which could be rationalized by a constant thermal repopulation of the upper exciton state. The experimental findings were supported by theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Bayda
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89 b, 61-614 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Fabienne Dumoulin
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gordon L Hug
- Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Jacek Koput
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89 b, 61-614 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Rafal Gorniak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89 b, 61-614 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Wojcik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89 b, 61-614 Poznan, Poland.
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43
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Blázquez-Moraleja A, Cerdán L, García-Moreno I, Avellanal-Zaballa E, Bañuelos J, Jimeno ML, López-Arbeloa I, Chiara JL. Stereochemical and Steric Control of Photophysical and Chiroptical Properties in Bichromophoric Systems. Chemistry 2018; 24:3802-3815. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis Cerdán
- Instituto Química-Física “Rocasolano”; IQFR-CSIC; Serrano 119 28006 Madrid Spain
| | | | - Edurne Avellanal-Zaballa
- Departamento de Química Física; Universidad del País Vasco-EHU, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnología; Apartado 644 48080 Bilbao Spain
| | - Jorge Bañuelos
- Departamento de Química Física; Universidad del País Vasco-EHU, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnología; Apartado 644 48080 Bilbao Spain
| | - M. Luisa Jimeno
- Centro Nacional de Química Orgánica “Manuel Lora Tamayo”; CENQUIOR-CSIC; Juan de la Cierva 3 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Iñigo López-Arbeloa
- Departamento de Química Física; Universidad del País Vasco-EHU, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnología; Apartado 644 48080 Bilbao Spain
| | - Jose Luis Chiara
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General; IQOG-CSIC; Juan de la Cierva 3 28006 Madrid Spain
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44
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Fuller CA, Finlayson CE. Solvatochromism in perylene diimides; experiment and theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:31781-31787. [PMID: 29170773 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05039a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report an experimental and computational investigation into the solvatochromism of a perylene diimide derivative. The alkyl swallowtail substituents allowed solubility in many solvents of widely differing polarity, with a complicated resultant behaviour, illustrating both negative and positive solvatochromism as a function of dielectric constant. Luminescence quantum yield and optical absorption linewidth displayed an inverse correlation, indicating varying degrees of intermolecular aggregation, and a remarkably similar trend was found between the peak absorption wavelength and the solvent boiling point, illustrating the dependency of aggregation on the solvent interactions. These outline trends may be parameterised by an empirically derived dimensionless quantity, as a tool to be used in more sophisticated future models of solvatochromism in small molecule chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Fuller
- Dept of Physics, Prifysgol Aberystwyth University, Wales SY23 3BZ, UK.
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45
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Jurinovich S, Cupellini L, Guido CA, Mennucci B. EXAT: EXcitonic analysis tool. J Comput Chem 2017; 39:279-286. [PMID: 29151259 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We introduce EXcitonic Analysis Tool (EXAT), a program able to compute optical spectra of large excitonic systems directly from the output of quantum mechanical calculations performed with the popular Gaussian 16 package. The software is able to combine in an excitonic scheme the single-chromophore properties and exciton couplings to simulate energies, coefficients, and excitonic spectra (UV-vis, CD, and LD). The effect of the environment can also be included using a Polarizable Continuum Model. EXAT also presents a simple graphical user interface, which shows on-screen both site and exciton properties. To show the potential of the method, we report two applications on a a chiral perturbed BODIPY system and DNA G-quadruplexes, respectively. The program is available online at http://molecolab.dcci.unipi.it/tools/. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Jurinovich
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cupellini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Ciro A Guido
- Laboratoire CEISAM - UMR CNRS 6230, Université de Nantes, 2 Rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Benedetta Mennucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, Pisa, 56124, Italy
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46
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Pirrotta A, Solomon GC, Franco I, Troisi A. Excitonic Coupling Modulated by Mechanical Stimuli. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:4326-4332. [PMID: 28837767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding energy transfer is of vital importance in a diverse range of applications from biological systems to photovoltaics. The ability to tune excitonic coupling in any of these systems, however, is generally limited. In this work, we have simulated a new class of single-molecule spectroscopy in which force microscopy is used to control the excitonic coupling between chromophores. Here we demonstrate that the excitonic coupling can be controlled by mechanical manipulation of the molecule (perylenediimide dimers and terrylenediimide-perylenediimide heterodimers) and can be tuned over a broad range of values (0.02-0.15 eV) that correspond to different regimes of exciton dynamics going from the folded to the elongated structure of the dimer. In all of the systems considered here, the switching from high to low coupling takes place simultaneously with the mechanical deformation detected by a strong increase and subsequent decay of the force. These simulations suggest that single-molecule force spectroscopy can be used to understand and eventually aid the design of excitonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Pirrotta
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Gemma C Solomon
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Ignacio Franco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627-0216, United States
| | - Alessandro Troisi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , L69 7DZ Liverpool, United Kingdom
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47
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Xu X, Austin A, Mylon SE, Plenge J, Szarko JM. Improving the Quantum Yields of Perylene Diimide Aggregates by Increasing Molecular Hydrophobicity in Polar Media. Chemphyschem 2017. [PMID: 28627806 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the quantum yield of four aggregated perylene diimide (PDI) species that vary by the length of the branched side chains attached at the N,N' imide positions. The PDI molecules were dissolved in binary water:methanol solvents as a means to vary the solvent polarity and control the degree of aggregation in solution. By performing spectroscopy, kinetics, and light scattering experiments, the nature of the molecular interactions in the solutions was determined. The maximum quantum yield of the aggregated molecules increased from 0.04 for the shortest chain molecule (B2) to 0.20 for the largest chain molecule (B13). The higher quantum yield of B13 compared with B2 correlates well with an increase in the fluorescence lifetime. The monomer emission lifetime was 4.8 ns whereas a lifetime as high as 21.2 ns was measured for the B13 aggregate fluorescence. A shorter sub-nanosecond lifetime was also measured for suspended colloids in B5, B9, and B13. The enhanced quantum yield is attributed to an increase of disorder in the B13 aggregates. As the polarity of the solution increases, the hydrophobic effect further enhances the disorder, and, therefore, the quantum yields in these particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Lafayette College, Easton, PA, 18042, USA
| | - Ashli Austin
- Department of Chemistry, Lafayette College, Easton, PA, 18042, USA
| | - Steven E Mylon
- Department of Chemistry, Lafayette College, Easton, PA, 18042, USA
| | - Jürgen Plenge
- Department of Physics, Lafayette College, Easton, PA, 18042, USA
| | - Jodi M Szarko
- Department of Chemistry, Lafayette College, Easton, PA, 18042, USA
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48
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Austin A, Hestand NJ, McKendry IG, Zhong C, Zhu X, Zdilla MJ, Spano FC, Szarko JM. Enhanced Davydov Splitting in Crystals of a Perylene Diimide Derivative. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:1118-1123. [PMID: 28195742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We report the polarized absorption spectra of high-quality, thin crystals of a perylene diimide (PDI) species with branched side chains (B2). The absorption spectrum shows exemplary polarization-dependent H-like and J-like aggregate behavior upon orthogonal excitation, with a sizable Davydov splitting (DS) of 1230 cm-1 and peak to peak splitting of 3040 cm-1. The experimental results are compared to theoretical calculations with remarkable agreement. The theoretical analysis of the polarized absorption spectra shows evidence of a high degree of intermolecular charge transfer, which, along with Coulombic coupling, conspires to create the unprecedented DS for this family of dye molecules. The large polarization dependence of the electronic spectra is attributed to the unique twisted crystal structure, in which a substantial rotational displacement exists between neighboring chromophores within a π-stack. These results highlight the strong sensitivity of the Davydov splitting to intermolecular geometry in PDI systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashli Austin
- Department of Chemistry, Lafayette College , Easton, Pennsylvania 18042, United States
| | | | | | | | - Xuanyu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Lafayette College , Easton, Pennsylvania 18042, United States
| | | | | | - Jodi M Szarko
- Department of Chemistry, Lafayette College , Easton, Pennsylvania 18042, United States
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49
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Spenst P, Young RM, Phelan BT, Keller M, Dostál J, Brixner T, Wasielewski MR, Würthner F. Solvent-Templated Folding of Perylene Bisimide Macrocycles into Coiled Double-String Ropes with Solvent-Sensitive Optical Signatures. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:2014-2021. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b11973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan M. Young
- Department
of Chemistry, Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Brian T. Phelan
- Department
of Chemistry, Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | | | | | | | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department
of Chemistry, Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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50
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Spenst P, Sieblist A, Würthner F. Perylene Bisimide Cyclophanes with High Binding Affinity for Large Planar Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Host-Guest Complexation versus Self-Encapsulation of Side Arms. Chemistry 2017; 23:1667-1675. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Spenst
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Andreas Sieblist
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI); Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg; 97074 Würzburg Germany
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