1
|
Ning C, Gao Y, Zhang H, Wang L, Yu H, Zou L, Cao R, Chen J. Molecular chemodiversity of water-soluble organic matter in atmospheric particulate matter and their associations with atmospheric conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 809:151171. [PMID: 34699831 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble organic matter (WSOM) is a complex mixture of organic compounds affecting global climate change and carbon cycle. Herein, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) was used for identification of WSOM molecular compositions in annual atmospheric particulate matter with diameters ≤10 μm (PM10). Totally 6538 unambiguous monoisotopic molecular formulas were assigned to WSOM with m/z values concentrating in 150-600 Da. The CHO compounds with high unsaturation degrees contributed most (51.7-52.1%) to WSOM in spring and summer. However, the S-containing compounds (CHOS and CHNOS) with higher O/C and H/C ratios accounted for 56.8-63.2% of WSOM in autumn and winter. Temperature (r = 0.82) and O3 (r = 0.89) showed higher correlation with CHO compounds, which were mainly aliphatics and highly unsaturated structures with high oxygen compounds (80.7-90.8%). The concentrations of SO42- (r = 0.33) and NO3- (r = 0.46) in PM10 both showed a positive correlation with the abundances of the S-containing compounds due to their direct participation in atmospheric reactions. Among them, 96-100% and 78-96% of the CHOS and CHNOS compounds were confirmed to be organosulfates (OSs) and nitrooxy-organosulfates (NOSs) by MS/MS analysis, respectively. These findings illustrate the strong association of atmospheric conditions with molecular chemodiversity of WSOM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Ning
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Haijun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Lei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Haoran Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lili Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Rong Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jiping Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xu L, Tsona NT, Du L. Relative Humidity Changes the Role of SO 2 in Biogenic Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:7365-7372. [PMID: 34324359 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
SO2 influences secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and organosulfates (OSs) formation but mechanisms remain elusive. This study focuses on this topic by investigating biogenic γ-terpinene ozonolysis under various SO2 and relative humidity (RH) conditions. With a constant SO2 concentration (∼110 ppb), the increase in RH transformed SO2 sinks from stabilized Criegee intermediates (sCIs) to peroxides in aerosol particles. The associated changes in particle acidity and liquid water content may collectively first lead to decreased and then increased SOA yield with increasing RH, with the turning point appearing at ∼30% RH. The abundance of most OSs formed under 45% RH was more than 5 times higher than that of OSs formed under 10% RH, possibly due to interactions of dissolved SO2 with hydroperoxides (ROOH) in SOA. ROOHs formed from the autoxidation processes of alkylperoxy radicals were proposed to be precursors for highly oxidized OSs (HOOSs) that decreased SOA volatility and showed a certain abundance in ambient aerosols. This study highlights that high RH potentially enhances the contribution of SO2 to OSs formation, and particularly, HOOSs formation during monoterpene ozonolysis in the atmosphere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Narcisse T Tsona
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Lin Du
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu L, Yang Z, Tsona NT, Wang X, George C, Du L. Anthropogenic-Biogenic Interactions at Night: Enhanced Formation of Secondary Aerosols and Particulate Nitrogen- and Sulfur-Containing Organics from β-Pinene Oxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:7794-7807. [PMID: 34044541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mixing of anthropogenic gaseous pollutants and biogenic volatile organic compounds impacts the formation of secondary aerosols, but still in an unclear manner. The present study explores secondary aerosol formation via the interactions between β-pinene, O3, NO2, SO2, and NH3 under dark conditions. Results showed that aerosol yield can be largely enhanced by more than 330% by NO2 or SO2 but slightly enhanced by NH3 by 39% when the ratio of inorganic gases to β-pinene ranged from 0 to 1.3. Joint effects of NO2 and SO2 and SO2 and NH3 existed as aerosol yields increased with NO2 but decreased with NH3 when SO2 was kept constant. Infrared spectra showed nitrogen-containing aerosol components derived from NO2 and NH3 and sulfur-containing species derived from SO2. Several particulate organic nitrates (MW 215, 229, 231, 245), organosulfates (MW 250, 264, 280, 282, 284), and nitrooxy organosulfates (MW 295, 311, 325, 327, and 343) were identified using high-resolution orbitrap mass spectrometry in NO2 and SO2 experiments, and their formation mechanism is discussed. Most of these nitrogen- and sulfur-containing species have been reported in ambient particles. Our results suggest that the complex interactions among β-pinene, O3, NO2, SO2, and NH3 during the night might serve as a potential pathway for the formation of particulate nitrogen- and sulfur-containing organics, especially in polluted regions with both anthropogenic and biogenic influences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zhaomin Yang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Narcisse T Tsona
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xinke Wang
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christian George
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Lin Du
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Duporté G, Flaud PM, Kammer J, Geneste E, Augagneur S, Pangui E, Lamkaddam H, Gratien A, Doussin JF, Budzinski H, Villenave E, Perraudin E. Experimental Study of the Formation of Organosulfates from α-Pinene Oxidation. 2. Time Evolution and Effect of Particle Acidity. J Phys Chem A 2019; 124:409-421. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b07156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Duporté
- Université de Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
- CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - P.-M. Flaud
- Université de Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
- CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - J. Kammer
- Université de Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
- CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - E. Geneste
- Université de Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
- CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - S. Augagneur
- Université de Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
- CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - E. Pangui
- Université Paris-Est-Créteil (UPEC) and Université Paris Diderot (UPD), LISA, UMR 7583, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - H. Lamkaddam
- Université Paris-Est-Créteil (UPEC) and Université Paris Diderot (UPD), LISA, UMR 7583, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - A. Gratien
- Université Paris-Est-Créteil (UPEC) and Université Paris Diderot (UPD), LISA, UMR 7583, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - J.-F. Doussin
- Université Paris-Est-Créteil (UPEC) and Université Paris Diderot (UPD), LISA, UMR 7583, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - H. Budzinski
- Université de Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
- CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - E. Villenave
- Université de Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
- CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - E. Perraudin
- Université de Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
- CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Reyhanoglu Y, Gokturk E. Synthesis of polyglycolic acid copolymers from cationic copolymerization of C1 feedstocks and long chain epoxides. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
6
|
Duporté G, Flaud PM, Geneste E, Augagneur S, Pangui E, Lamkaddam H, Gratien A, Doussin JF, Budzinski H, Villenave E, Perraudin E. Experimental Study of the Formation of Organosulfates from α-Pinene Oxidation. Part I: Product Identification, Formation Mechanisms and Effect of Relative Humidity. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:7909-7923. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b08504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Duporté
- Université de Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
- CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - P.-M. Flaud
- Université de Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
- CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - E. Geneste
- Université de Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
- CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - S. Augagneur
- Université de Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
- CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - E. Pangui
- Université Paris-Est-Créteil (UPEC) and Université Paris Diderot (UPD), LISA, UMR 7583, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - H. Lamkaddam
- Université Paris-Est-Créteil (UPEC) and Université Paris Diderot (UPD), LISA, UMR 7583, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - A. Gratien
- Université Paris-Est-Créteil (UPEC) and Université Paris Diderot (UPD), LISA, UMR 7583, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - J.-F. Doussin
- Université Paris-Est-Créteil (UPEC) and Université Paris Diderot (UPD), LISA, UMR 7583, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - H. Budzinski
- Université de Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
- CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - E. Villenave
- Université de Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
- CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - E. Perraudin
- Université de Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
- CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ying Q, Li J, Kota SH. Significant Contributions of Isoprene to Summertime Secondary Organic Aerosol in Eastern United States. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:7834-42. [PMID: 26029963 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b02514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A modified SAPRC-11 (S11) photochemical mechanism with more detailed treatment of isoprene oxidation chemistry and additional secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation through surface-controlled reactive uptake of dicarbonyls, isoprene epoxydiol and methacrylic acid epoxide was incorporated in the Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ) to quantitatively determine contributions of isoprene to summertime ambient SOA concentrations in the eastern United States. The modified model utilizes a precursor-origin resolved approach to determine secondary glyoxal and methylglyoxal produced by oxidation of isoprene and other major volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Predicted OC concentrations show good agreement with field measurements without significant bias (MFB ∼ 0.07 and MFE ∼ 0.50), and predicted SOA reproduces observed day-to-day and diurnal variation of Oxygenated Organic Aerosol (OOA) determined by an aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) at two locations in Houston, Texas. On average, isoprene SOA accounts for 55.5% of total predicted near-surface SOA in the eastern U.S., followed by aromatic compounds (13.2%), sesquiterpenes (13.0%) and monoterpenes (10.9%). Aerosol surface uptake of isoprene-generated glyoxal, methylglyoxal and epoxydiol accounts for approximately 83% of total isoprene SOA or more than 45% of total SOA. A domain wide reduction of NOx emissions by 40% leads to a slight decrease of domain average SOA by 3.6% and isoprene SOA by approximately 2.6%. Although most of the isoprene SOA component concentrations are decreased, SOA from isoprene epoxydiol is increased by ∼16%.
Collapse
|
8
|
Herrmann H, Schaefer T, Tilgner A, Styler SA, Weller C, Teich M, Otto T. Tropospheric aqueous-phase chemistry: kinetics, mechanisms, and its coupling to a changing gas phase. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4259-334. [PMID: 25950643 DOI: 10.1021/cr500447k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Schaefer
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Tilgner
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah A Styler
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Weller
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Monique Teich
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias Otto
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang R, Wang G, Guo S, Zamora ML, Ying Q, Lin Y, Wang W, Hu M, Wang Y. Formation of urban fine particulate matter. Chem Rev 2015; 115:3803-55. [PMID: 25942499 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 472] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Renyi Zhang
- §State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Song Guo
- §State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | - Min Hu
- §State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Wang
- #Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nozière B, Kalberer M, Claeys M, Allan J, D'Anna B, Decesari S, Finessi E, Glasius M, Grgić I, Hamilton JF, Hoffmann T, Iinuma Y, Jaoui M, Kahnt A, Kampf CJ, Kourtchev I, Maenhaut W, Marsden N, Saarikoski S, Schnelle-Kreis J, Surratt JD, Szidat S, Szmigielski R, Wisthaler A. The molecular identification of organic compounds in the atmosphere: state of the art and challenges. Chem Rev 2015; 115:3919-83. [PMID: 25647604 DOI: 10.1021/cr5003485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Nozière
- †Ircelyon/CNRS and Université Lyon 1, 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | - Barbara D'Anna
- †Ircelyon/CNRS and Université Lyon 1, 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | - Irena Grgić
- ○National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Yoshiteru Iinuma
- ¶Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Ivan Kourtchev
- ‡University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Willy Maenhaut
- §University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium.,□Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Jason D Surratt
- ▼University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gomez ME, Lin Y, Guo S, Zhang R. Heterogeneous chemistry of glyoxal on acidic solutions. An oligomerization pathway for secondary organic aerosol formation. J Phys Chem A 2014; 119:4457-63. [PMID: 25369518 DOI: 10.1021/jp509916r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The heterogeneous chemistry of glyoxal on sulfuric acid surfaces has been investigated at various acid concentrations and temperatures, utilizing a low-pressure fast flow laminar reactor coupled to an ion drift-chemical ionization mass spectrometer (ID-CIMS). The uptake coefficient (γ) of glyoxal ranges from (1.2 ± 0.06) × 10(-2) to (2.5 ± 0.01) × 10(-3) for 60-93 wt % H2SO4 at 253-273 K. The effective Henry's Law constant (H*) ranges from (98.9 ± 4.9) × 10(5) to (1.6 ± 0.1) × 10(5) M atm(-1) for 60-93 wt % at 263-273 K. Both the uptake coefficient and Henry's Law constant increase with decreasing acid concentration and temperature. Our results reveal a reaction mechanism of hydration followed by oligomerization for glyoxal on acidic media, indicating an efficient aqueous reaction of glyoxal on hygroscopic particles leading to secondary organic aerosol formation.
Collapse
|
12
|
Xu W, Gomez-Hernandez M, Guo S, Secrest J, Marrero-Ortiz W, Zhang AL, Zhang R. Acid-catalyzed reactions of epoxides for atmospheric nanoparticle growth. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:15477-80. [PMID: 25338124 DOI: 10.1021/ja508989a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although new particle formation accounts for about 50% of the global aerosol production in the troposphere, the chemical species and mechanism responsible for the growth of freshly nucleated nanoparticles remain largely uncertain. Here we show large size growth when sulfuric acid nanoparticles of 4-20 nm are exposed to epoxide vapors, dependent on the particle size and relative humidity. Composition analysis of the nanoparticles after epoxide exposure reveals the presence of high molecular weight organosulfates and polymers, indicating the occurrence of acid-catalyzed reactions of epoxides. Our results suggest that epoxides play an important role in the growth of atmospheric newly nucleated nanoparticles, considering their large formation yields from photochemical oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chalbot MCG, Kavouras IG. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the functional content of organic aerosols: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 191:232-249. [PMID: 24861958 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge deficit of organic aerosol (OA) composition has been identified as the most important factor limiting our understanding of the atmospheric fate and implications of aerosol. The efforts to chemically characterize OA include the increasing utilization of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Since 1998, the functional composition of different types, sizes and fractions of OA has been studied with one-dimensional, two-dimensional and solid state proton and carbon-13 NMR. This led to the use of functional group ratios to reconcile the most important sources of OA, including secondary organic aerosol and initial source apportionment using positive matrix factorization. Future research efforts may be directed towards the optimization of experimental parameters, detailed NMR experiments and analysis by pattern recognition methods to identify the chemical components, determination of the NMR fingerprints of OA sources and solid state NMR to study the content of OA as a whole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Cecile G Chalbot
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR 72205-7199, USA.
| | - Ilias G Kavouras
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR 72205-7199, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Eigler S, Dotzer C, Hof F, Bauer W, Hirsch A. Sulfur species in graphene oxide. Chemistry 2013; 19:9490-6. [PMID: 23780799 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The structure of graphene oxide (GO) is of crucial importance for its chemical functionalization. However, the sulfur content present in GO prepared by Hummers' method has only been addressed by a few authors so far. It has been reported that hydrolysis of sulfur species takes place and that stable sulfonic groups are present in graphite oxide. In this manuscript, in contrast to earlier reports, sulfate species are identified that are covalently bound to GO and still present after extensive aqueous work-up. Additionally, we exclude the possibility that sulfonic groups are present in GO as major species after aqueous work up. Our results are based on bulk characterization of graphene oxide by thermogravimetry and subsequent analysis of the decomposition products using mass spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy. Up to now, the combustion temperature between 200 and 300 °C remained almost unaddressed. In a temperature dependant experiment we reveal two main decomposition steps that differ in temperature and that are closely related to the sulfur species in GO. While the decomposition, between 200 and 300 °C, is related to the degradation of organosulfate, the other one, between 700 and 800 °C, is assigned to the pyrolysis of inorganic sulfate. Furthermore, organosulfate is to some extent responsible for the reactivity of GO. Therefore, the structural model of GO was extended by adding organosulfate in addition to epoxy and hydroxyl groups, which are predominantly covalently bound above and below the carbon skeleton. Furthermore, the identification of organosulfate groups beneath epoxy groups makes new molecular architectures feasible and can be used to explain the properties of GO in various applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siegfried Eigler
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bleier DB, Elrod MJ. Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Atmospherically Relevant Aqueous Phase Reactions of α-Pinene Oxide. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:4223-32. [DOI: 10.1021/jp402093x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan B. Bleier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio 44074, United States
| | - Matthew J. Elrod
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio 44074, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hou GL, Lin W, Deng SHM, Zhang J, Zheng WJ, Paesani F, Wang XB. Negative Ion Photoelectron Spectroscopy Reveals Thermodynamic Advantage of Organic Acids in Facilitating Formation of Bisulfate Ion Clusters: Atmospheric Implications. J Phys Chem Lett 2013; 4:779-785. [PMID: 26281932 DOI: 10.1021/jz400108y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent lab and field measurements have indicated critical roles of organic acids in enhancing new atmospheric aerosol formation. Such findings have stimulated theoretical studies with the aim of understanding the interaction of organic acids with common aerosol nucleation precursors like bisulfate (HSO4(-)). We report a combined negative ion photoelectron spectroscopic and theoretical investigation of molecular clusters formed by HSO4(-) with succinic acid (SUA, HO2C(CH2)2CO2H), HSO4(-)(SUA)n (n = 0-2), along with HSO4(-)(H2O)n and HSO4(-)(H2SO4)n. It is found that one SUA molecule can stabilize HSO4(-) by ca. 39 kcal/mol, three times the corresponding value that one water molecule is capable of (ca. 13 kcal/mol). Molecular dynamics simulations and quantum chemical calculations reveal the most plausible structures of these clusters and attribute the stability of these clusters to the formation of strong hydrogen bonds. This work provides direct experimental evidence showing significant thermodynamic advantage by involving organic acid molecules to promote formation and growth in bisulfate clusters and aerosols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Lei Hou
- †Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei Lin
- §Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | | | | | - Wei-Jun Zheng
- †Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Francesco Paesani
- §Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|