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Gresham IJ, Johnson EC, Robertson H, Willott JD, Webber GB, Wanless EJ, Nelson ARJ, Prescott SW. Comparing polymer-surfactant complexes to polyelectrolytes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 655:262-272. [PMID: 37944374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.10.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Understanding the complex interactions between polymers and surfactants is required to optimise commercially relevant systems such as paint, toothpaste and detergent. Neutral polymers complex with surfactants, forming 'pearl necklace' structures that are often conceptualised as pseudo-polyelectrolytes. Here we pose two questions to test the limits of this analogy: Firstly, in the presence of salt, do these polymer-surfactant systems behave like polyelectrolytes? Secondly, do polymer-surfactant complexes resist geometric confinement like polyelectrolytes? EXPERIMENTS We test the limits of the pseudo-polyelectrolyte analogy through studying a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) brush in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS). Brushes are ideal for interrogating pseudo-polyelectrolytes, as neutral and polyelectrolyte brushes exhibit distinct and well understood behaviours. Spectroscopic ellipsometry, quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D), and neutron reflectometry (NR) were used to monitor the behaviour and structure of the PNIPAM-SDS system as a function of NaCl concentration. The ability of the PNIPAM-SDS complex to resist geometric confinement was probed with NR. FINDINGS At a fixed SDS concentration below the zero-salt CMC, increasing NaCl concentration <100 mM promoted brush swelling due to an increase in osmotic pressure, not dissimilar to a weak polyelectrolyte. At these salt concentrations, the swelling of the brush could be described by a single parameter: the effective CMC. However, at high NaCl concentrations (e.g., 500 mM) no brush collapse was observed at all (non-zero) concentrations of SDS studied, contrary to what is seen for many polyelectrolytes. Study of the polymer-surfactant system under confinement revealed that the physical volume of surfactant dominates the structure of the strongly confined system, which further differentiates it from the polyelectrolyte case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac J Gresham
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Edwin C Johnson
- College of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia
| | - Hayden Robertson
- College of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia
| | - Joshua D Willott
- College of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia
| | - Grant B Webber
- College of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia
| | - Erica J Wanless
- College of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Stuart W Prescott
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, 2052, NSW, Australia.
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2
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Ritsema van Eck G, Kiens EM, Veldscholte LB, Brió Pérez M, de Beer S. Vapor Swelling of Polymer Brushes Compared to Nongrafted Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:13763-13770. [PMID: 36331903 PMCID: PMC9671043 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Polymer brushes, coatings of polymers covalently end-grafted to a surface, have been proposed as a more stable alternative to traditional physisorbed coatings. However, when such coatings are applied in settings such as vapor sensing and gas separation technologies, their responsiveness to solvent vapors becomes an important consideration. It can be anticipated that the end-anchoring in polymer brushes reduces the translational entropy of the polymers and instead introduces an entropic penalty against stretching when vapor is absorbed. Therefore, swelling can be expected to be diminished in brushes compared to nongrafted films. Here, we study the effect of the anchoring-constraint on vapor sorption in polymer coatings using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations as well as humidity-controlled ellipsometry on chemically identical polymer brushes and nongrafted films. We find a qualitative agreement between simulations and experiments, with both indicating that brushes certainly swell less than physisorbed films, although this effect is minor for common grafting densities. Our results imply that polymer brushes indeed hold great potential for the intended applications.
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3
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Preparation of nickel-chelated iminodiacetate-functionalized macroporous agarose monolith using modular and clickable building blocks for affinity separation of histidine-tagged recombinant proteins. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1682:463509. [PMID: 36155074 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Selective separation and purification of protein from complex medium is required to completely investigate the structure and function of the target protein. In this study, a composite macroporous agarose monolith containing iminodiacetate-chelated Ni2+ ligands was synthesized for selective separation and purification of histidine-tagged recombinant proteins. The large and interconnected pores in the monolith enabled fast binding of proteins with high matrix tolerance in treating complex mediums. To realize the selective protein binding, the iminodiacetate was directly conjugated to epoxy-functionalized agarose monolith via simple chemical reactions between epoxy and imino groups. After chelated Ni2+, the composite monolith could bind histidine-tagged recombinant proteins through the coordination interaction between transition metal ions and the imidazole ring of histidine. To further increase the binding capacities of the monolith, a hydrophilic intermediate polymer chain containing multiple iminodiacetate immobilization sites was conjugated to the azide-functionalized agarose monolith via Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction. The morphology and chemical composition of the composite agarose monolith were characterized systematically. The protein binding capacities of the obtained composite agarose monolith were subsequently investigated. The binding capacities of the composite agarose monolith towards the model proteins Gp10 and Lys84 were 0.93 and 0.51 mg/mL, respectively. The protein binding of the composite agarose monolith could be manipulated by adjusting the temperature and concentrations of imidazole. These results demonstrate that the composite agarose monolith could be used as an affinity medium for rapid separation and purification of histidine-tagged recombinant proteins from biological samples.
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4
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Zheng H, Wang C, Pavase TR, Xue C. Fabrication of copolymer brushes grafted superporous agarose gels: Towards the ultimate ideal particles for efficient affinity chromatography. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 217:112705. [PMID: 35863235 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A composite immobilized-metal affinity agarose particle was designed for the selective separation and purification of histidine-tagged proteins from complicated biological samples. The composite particle was constructed using superporous agarose particles as supporting matrix, flexible copolymer brushes as scaffolds to render higher ligand densities, and Ni2+-chelated iminodiacetic acids as recognition elements. Superporous agarose composite particles endow high permeability and interfering substance tolerance. The copolymer brush was prepared by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide and glycidyl methacrylate, followed by iminodiacetic acids and Ni2+ ions. The physical and chemical properities of the composite particle were thoroughly investigated. The composite particles were shown to be able to selectively separate histidine-tagged recombinant proteins in the presence of high quantities of interfering chemicals in a model protein-binding experiment. By altering the temperature, the protein binding of the composite particles can be modulated. The superporous agarose particles supported polymer brush enables fast and efficient separation and purification of target proteins with high permeability, low backpressure, and high interfering matrix tolerance, which pave the path for bioseparation through designing and fabrication of novel agarose particles-based functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Zheng
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Qingdao Institute of Marine Bioresources for Nutrition & Health Innovation, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Changyun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Tushar Ramesh Pavase
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Qingdao Institute of Marine Bioresources for Nutrition & Health Innovation, Qingdao 266109, China; Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Manav
- Graduate Aerospace Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - M. Ponga
- Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - A. Srikantha Phani
- Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
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6
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Horst RJ, Brió Pérez M, Cohen R, Cirelli M, Dueñas Robles PS, Elshof MG, Andreski A, Hempenius MA, Benes NE, Damen C, de Beer S. Swelling of Poly(methyl acrylate) Brushes in Acetone Vapor. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:12053-12060. [PMID: 32997502 PMCID: PMC7558288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Sensor platforms can benefit from the incorporation of polymer brushes since brushes can concentrate the analyte near the sensor surface. Brushes that absorb acetone vapor are of particular interest since acetone is an important marker for biological processes. We present a simple procedure to synthesize acetone-responsive poly(methyl acrylate) brushes. Using spectroscopic ellipsometry, we show that these brushes respond within seconds and swell by more than 30% when exposed to acetone vapor. Moreover, quartz crystal microbalance measurements demonstrate that the brushes can be exploited to increase the acetone detection sensitivity of sensors by more than a factor 6. Surprisingly, we find that the swelling ratio of the brushes in acetone vapor is independent of the grafting density and the degree of polymerization of the polymers in the brush. This is qualitatively different from swelling of the same brushes in liquid environments, where the swelling ratio decreases for increasing grafting densities. Yet, it indicates that the brushes are robust and reproducible candidates for implementation in vapor sensor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rens J. Horst
- Materials
Science and Technology of Polymers, University
of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Brió Pérez
- Materials
Science and Technology of Polymers, University
of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Rick Cohen
- Department
of Chemistry, Saxion University of Applied
Sciences, 7513 AB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Cirelli
- Materials
Science and Technology of Polymers, University
of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Paloma S. Dueñas Robles
- Materials
Science and Technology of Polymers, University
of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Maria G. Elshof
- Membrane
Science and Technology Cluster, University
of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Aleksandar Andreski
- Department
of Nanotechnology, Saxion University of
Applied Sciences, 7513 AB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A. Hempenius
- Materials
Science and Technology of Polymers, University
of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Nieck E. Benes
- Membrane
Science and Technology Cluster, University
of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Cas Damen
- Department
of Nanotechnology, Saxion University of
Applied Sciences, 7513 AB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Sissi de Beer
- Materials
Science and Technology of Polymers, University
of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
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7
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Moghaddam SZ, Thormann E. Surface forces and friction tuned by thermo-responsive polymer films. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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8
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Witte J, Krause P, Kyrey T, Dahl AM, Lutzki J, Schmidt BVKJ, Ganeva M, Koutsioubas A, Holderer O, Wellert S. Grazing Incidence Neutron Spin Echo Study of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Brushes. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Witte
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Chemistry, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Krause
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Chemistry, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tetyana Kyrey
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Chemistry, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- JCNS at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Anna Margarethe Dahl
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Chemistry, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Lutzki
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Chemistry, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Marina Ganeva
- JCNS at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | | | - Olaf Holderer
- JCNS at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Stefan Wellert
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Chemistry, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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9
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van Duinen D, Butt HJ, Berger R. Two-Stage Collapse of PNIPAM Brushes: Viscoelastic Changes Revealed by an Interferometric Laser Technique. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:15776-15783. [PMID: 31633361 PMCID: PMC6943814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Many temperature-responsive polymers exhibit a single-phase transition at the lower critical solution temperature (LCST). One exception is poly(N-isopropylacryamide) (PNIPAM). PNIPAM brush layers (51 ± 3 nm thick) that are end-grafted onto glass beads collapse in two stages. The viscoelastic changes of a PNIPAM brush layers were investigated with an interferometric laser method at different temperatures. This method is able to measure the two-stage collapse of beads coated with a polymer brush layer. When these beads are situated close to a hydrophilic glass surface, they exhibit Brownian motion. As this Brownian motion changes with temperature, the collapse of the polymer layer is revealed. The characteristic spectrum of the Brownian motion of beads is modeled by a damped harmonic oscillator, where the polymer layer acts as both spring and damping elements. The change of the Brownian motion spectrum with temperature indicates two transitions of the PNIPAM brush layer, one at 36 °C and one at 46 °C. We attribute the first transition to the LCST volume collapse of PNIPAM. Here, changes of the density and viscosity of the brush dominate. The second transition is dominated by a stiffening of the brush layer.
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10
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Humphreys BA, Johnson EC, Wanless EJ, Webber GB. Poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) Response to Salt Concentration and Anion Identity: A Brush-on-Brush Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:10818-10830. [PMID: 31339320 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The stability of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) brush-modified colloidal silica particles was compared to asymmetric and symmetric PNIPAM brush direct force measurements in the presence of 1, 10, and 500 mM aqueous salt solution of KCl, KNO3, and KSCN between 10 and 45 °C. Dynamic light scattering measurements highlighted subtle variations in the salt-mediated thermoresponse, while atomic force microscopy (AFM) force curves between a bare silica or PNIPAM brush-modified colloid probe and a planar PNIPAM brush elucidated differences in brush interactions. The AFM force curves in the presence of KCl primarily revealed steric interactions between the surfaces, while KNO3 and KSCN solutions exhibited electrosteric interactions on approach as a function of the chaotropic nature of the ion and the solution concentration. The symmetric PNIPAM brush interaction highlighted significant variations between KCl and KSCN at 1 and 500 mM concentrations, while the approach and retraction force curves were relatively similar at 10 mM concentration. The combination of these techniques enabled the stability of PNIPAM brush-modified colloidal dispersions in the presence of electrolyte to be better understood with specific ion binding and the solution Debye length playing a significant role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben A Humphreys
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport , University of Newcastle , Callaghan , NSW 2308 , Australia
| | - Edwin C Johnson
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport , University of Newcastle , Callaghan , NSW 2308 , Australia
| | - Erica J Wanless
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport , University of Newcastle , Callaghan , NSW 2308 , Australia
| | - Grant B Webber
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport , University of Newcastle , Callaghan , NSW 2308 , Australia
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11
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Jiang L, Ye L. Nanoparticle-supported temperature responsive polymer brushes for affinity separation of histidine-tagged recombinant proteins. Acta Biomater 2019; 94:447-458. [PMID: 31055124 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We developed a modular approach for the preparation of nanoparticle-supported polymer brushes carrying repeating iminodiacetate units for affinity separation of histidine-tagged recombinant proteins. The nanoparticle-supported polymer brushes were prepared via the combination of surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization with Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction. The nanocomposite materials were characterized to determine the particle size, morphology, organic content, densities of polymer chains and the affinity ligand. Protein binding assay illustrated that the iminodiacetate-rich polymer brushes enable to selectively bind histidine-tagged recombinant proteins in the presence of abundant interfering proteins. More importantly, the protein binding capacity can be tuned by adjusting the environmental temperature. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The nanoparticle core-polymer brush structure enables selective binding of histidine-tagged recombinant proteins via multiple metal-coordination interactions. The soft and flexible structure of the polymer brushes was found beneficial for lowering the steric hindrance in protein binding. Taking advantage of the conformational changes of the polymer brushes at different temperatures, it is possible to modulate the protein binding on the nanocomposite by adjusting the environmental temperature. In general, the iminodiacetate-rich core-brush nano adsorbents are attractive for purifying histidine-tagged recombinant proteins practically. The synthetic approach reported here may be expanded to develop other advanced functional materials for applications in various biomedical fields ranging from biosensors to drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingdong Jiang
- Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lei Ye
- Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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12
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Guo S, Quintana R, Cirelli M, Toa ZSD, Arjunan Vasantha V, Kooij ES, Jańczewski D, Vancso GJ. Brush Swelling and Attachment Strength of Barnacle Adhesion Protein on Zwitterionic Polymer Films as a Function of Macromolecular Structure. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:8085-8094. [PMID: 31099575 PMCID: PMC6587155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The exceptional hydration of sulfobetaine polymer brushes and their resistance toward nonspecific protein absorption allows for the construction of thin films with excellent antibiofouling properties. In this work, swollen sulfobetaine brushes, prepared by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of two monomers, differentiated by the nature of the polymerizable group, are studied and compared by a liquid-cell atomic force microscopy technique and spectroscopic ellipsometry. Colloidal AFM-based force spectroscopy is employed to estimate brush grafting density and characterize nanomechanical properties in salt water. When the ionic strength-induced swelling behaviors of the two systems are compared, the differences observed on the antipolyelectrolyte response can be correlated with the stiffness variation on brush compression, likely to be promoted by solvation differences. The higher solvation of amide groups is proposed to be responsible for the lower adhesion force of the barnacle cyprid's temporary adhesive proteins. The adhesion results provide further insights into the antibiofouling activity against barnacle cyprid settlement attributed to polysulfobetaine brushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifeng Guo
- Institute
of Materials Research and Engineering A*STAR (Agency for Science,
Technology and Research), Innovis, #08-03, 2 Fusionpolis Way, Singapore 138634
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Robert Quintana
- Institute
of Materials Research and Engineering A*STAR (Agency for Science,
Technology and Research), Innovis, #08-03, 2 Fusionpolis Way, Singapore 138634
- Materials
Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg
Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Marco Cirelli
- Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+
Institute for
Nanotechnology, Faculty Engineering Technology, Production Technology, and Physics of Interfaces
and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Zi Siang Desmond Toa
- Institute
of Materials Research and Engineering A*STAR (Agency for Science,
Technology and Research), Innovis, #08-03, 2 Fusionpolis Way, Singapore 138634
| | - Vivek Arjunan Vasantha
- Institute
of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, A*STAR, 1 Pesek Road, Jurong
Island, Singapore 627833
| | - E. Stefan Kooij
- Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+
Institute for
Nanotechnology, Faculty Engineering Technology, Production Technology, and Physics of Interfaces
and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Dominik Jańczewski
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - G. Julius Vancso
- Institute
of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, A*STAR, 1 Pesek Road, Jurong
Island, Singapore 627833
- Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+
Institute for
Nanotechnology, Faculty Engineering Technology, Production Technology, and Physics of Interfaces
and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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13
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Pomorska A, Wolski K, Wytrwal-Sarna M, Bernasik A, Zapotoczny S. Polymer brushes grafted from nanostructured zinc oxide layers – Spatially controlled decoration of nanorods. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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14
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Song L, Lin J, Liu P, Li J, Jiang S, Huang D. Quantitative determination of the spring entropy effect and its indication of the conformational change of polymer coils with varying concentration in aqueous poly( N-isopropylamide) solutions. RSC Adv 2019; 9:5540-5549. [PMID: 35515908 PMCID: PMC9060781 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00117d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) phase separation behaviors of thermosensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) aqueous solutions were investigated by power-compensation differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The entropic effect and hence the change of swelling state of PNIPAM polymer coils in homogeneous concentrated aqueous solutions with varied solution composition was elucidated by the isothermal enthalpy demixing recovery behaviors in distinct concentration regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Song
- Department of Polymer Material Science and Engineering, Institution of Advanced Polymer Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Jiaxiang Lin
- Department of Polymer Material Science and Engineering, Institution of Advanced Polymer Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Panpan Liu
- Department of Polymer Material Science and Engineering, Institution of Advanced Polymer Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Jingqing Li
- Department of Polymer Material Science and Engineering, Institution of Advanced Polymer Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Shichun Jiang
- Department of Polymer Material Science and Engineering, Institution of Advanced Polymer Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Dinghai Huang
- Department of Polymer Material Science and Engineering, Institution of Advanced Polymer Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 China
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15
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Humphreys BA, Prescott SW, Murdoch TJ, Nelson A, Gilbert EP, Webber GB, Wanless EJ. Influence of molecular weight on PNIPAM brush modified colloidal silica particles. SOFT MATTER 2018; 15:55-64. [PMID: 30534695 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01824c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The effect of molecular weight and temperature on the phase transition and internal structure of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) brush modified colloidal silica particles was investigated using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and small angle neutron scattering (SANS) between 15 and 45 °C. Dry particle analysis utilising transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) all confirmed the thickness of the polymer brush shell increased as a function of polymerisation time. Hydrodynamic diameter and electrophoretic mobility results revealed that the brush modified particles transitioned from swollen shells to a collapsed conformation between 15 and 35 °C. The dispersions were electrosterically stabilised over the entire temperature range investigated, with minimal thermal hysteresis recorded. Modelling of the hydrodynamic diameter enabled the calculation of a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) which increased as a function of brush thickness. The internal structure determined via SANS showed a swollen brush at low temperatures (18 and 25 °C) which decayed radially away from the substrate, while a collapsed block-like conformation with 60% polymer volume fraction was present at 40 °C. Radial phase separation was evident at intermediate temperatures (30 and 32.5 °C) with the lower molecular weight sample having a greater volume fraction of polymer in the dense inner region at these temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben A Humphreys
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | | | - Timothy J Murdoch
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Andrew Nelson
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, ANSTO, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Elliot P Gilbert
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, ANSTO, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Grant B Webber
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Erica J Wanless
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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16
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Murdoch TJ, Humphreys BA, Johnson EC, Webber GB, Wanless EJ. Specific ion effects on thermoresponsive polymer brushes: Comparison to other architectures. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 526:429-450. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.04.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Koenig M, Rodenhausen KB, Rauch S, Bittrich E, Eichhorn KJ, Schubert M, Stamm M, Uhlmann P. Salt Sensitivity of the Thermoresponsive Behavior of PNIPAAm Brushes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:2448-2454. [PMID: 29356537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report investigations on the salt sensitivity of the thermoresponsive behavior of PNIPAAm brushes applying the quartz crystal microbalance coupled with spectroscopic ellipsometry technique. This approach enables a detailed study of the optical and mechanical behavior of the polymer coatings. Additional conclusions can be drawn from the difference between both techniques due to a difference in the contrast mechanism of both methods. A linear shift of the phase-transition temperature to lower temperatures with the addition of sodium chloride was found, similar to the behavior of free polymer chains in solution. The thermal hysteresis was found to be decreased by the addition of sodium chloride to the solution, hinting to the interaction of the ions with the amide groups of the polymer, whereby the formation of hydrogen bonds is hindered. The results of this study are of relevance to the application of PNIPAAm brushes in biological fluids and demonstrate the additional potential of the ion sensitivity besides the better known thermosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike Koenig
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. , Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Keith Brian Rodenhausen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , 207 Othmer Hall, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Sebastian Rauch
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. , Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Eva Bittrich
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. , Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus-Jochen Eichhorn
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. , Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mathias Schubert
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Center for Nanohybrid Functional Materials, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , 209N Scott Engineering Center, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology, IFM, Linköping University , SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Manfred Stamm
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. , Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Chair of Physical Chemistry of Polymeric Materials, Technische Universität Dresden , Bergstraße 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Petra Uhlmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. , Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Hamilton Hall, 639 North 12th Street, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
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18
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Rennert K, Nitschke M, Wallert M, Keune N, Raasch M, Lorkowski S, Mosig AS. Thermo-responsive cell culture carrier: Effects on macrophage functionality and detachment efficiency. J Tissue Eng 2017; 8:2041731417726428. [PMID: 28890781 PMCID: PMC5574476 DOI: 10.1177/2041731417726428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Harvesting cultivated macrophages for tissue engineering purposes by enzymatic digestion of cell adhesion molecules can potentially result in unintended activation, altered function, or behavior of these cells. Thermo-responsive polymer is a promising tool that allows for gentle macrophage detachment without artificial activation prior to subculture within engineered tissue constructs. We therefore characterized different species of thermo-responsive polymers for their suitability as cell substrate and to mediate gentle macrophage detachment by temperature shift. Primary human monocyte- and THP-1-derived macrophages were cultured on thermo-responsive polymers and characterized for phagocytosis and cytokine secretion in response to lipopolysaccharide stimulation. We found that both cell types differentially respond in dependence of culture and stimulation on thermo-responsive polymers. In contrast to THP-1 macrophages, primary monocyte-derived macrophages showed no signs of impaired viability, artificial activation, or altered functionality due to culture on thermo-responsive polymers compared to conventional cell culture. Our study demonstrates that along with commercially available UpCell carriers, two other thermo-responsive polymers based on poly(vinyl methyl ether) blends are attractive candidates for differentiation and gentle detachment of primary monocyte-derived macrophages. In summary, we observed similar functionality and viability of primary monocyte-derived macrophages cultured on thermo-responsive polymers compared to standard cell culture surfaces. While this first generation of custom-made thermo-responsive polymers does not yet outperform standard culture approaches, our results are very promising and provide the basis for exploiting the unique advantages offered by custom-made thermo-responsive polymers to further improve macrophage culture and recovery in the future, including the covalent binding of signaling molecules and the reduction of centrifugation and washing steps. Optimizing these and other benefits of thermo-responsive polymers could greatly improve the culture of macrophages for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knut Rennert
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Germany
| | - Mirko Nitschke
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Institute of Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maria Wallert
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Natalie Keune
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Raasch
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.,Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander S Mosig
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Germany
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19
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Luo W, Yan J, Tan Y, Ma H, Guan J. Rotating 1-D magnetic photonic crystal balls with a tunable lattice constant. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:9548-9555. [PMID: 28661527 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr03335d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The responsive photonic crystal (RPC) balls with adjustable lattice constant and controllable rotation developed to date are all based on Janus particles of three dimensional (3-D) periodical structures, which suffer from color uneveness and asymmetric volume change, limiting the applications in the fields of encoding, sensing and displays. In this study, we have developed the first 1-D magnetic photonic crystal balls with tunable lattice constants by fixing collectively oriented periodical 1-D magnetic nanochain-like structures in responsive polymer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel balls under magnetic field (H) and UV irradiation. The structural colors of the balls are uniform on the entire ball and can be regulated by temperature (T) and solvents. The as-prepared RPC balls always retain a perfectly spherical shape even when the hydrogel volume changes with stimuli because of the low content of the included 1-D magnetic nanochain-like structures. This endows smooth rotation in the H direction to switch "on/off" their structural colors at various stimuli, as demonstrated by a colorful display application at temperature ranging from 10 to 35 °C. The as-developed RPC balls are expected to have promising potential applications in color display, rewritable signage, biological and chemical sensors owing to their excellent multi-response properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
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20
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Ramakrishna SN, Cirelli M, Divandari M, Benetti EM. Effects of Lateral Deformation by Thermoresponsive Polymer Brushes on the Measured Friction Forces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:4164-4171. [PMID: 28394137 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The nanotribological properties of hydrophilic polymer brushes are conveniently analyzed by lateral force microscopy (LFM). However, the measurement of friction for highly swollen and relatively thick polymer brushes can be strongly affected by the tendency of the compliant brush to be laterally deformed by the shearing probe. This phenomenon induces a "tilting" in the recorded friction loops, which is generated by the lateral bending and stretching of the grafts. In this study we highlight how the brush lateral deformation mainly affects the friction measurements of swollen PNIPAM brushes (below LCST) when relatively short scanning distances are applied. Under these conditions, the energy dissipation recorded by LFM is almost uniquely determined by stretching and bending of the compliant brush back and forth along the scanning direction, and it is not correlated to dynamic friction between two sliding surfaces. In contrast, when the scanning distance applied during LFM is relevantly longer than the brush lateral deformation, sliding of the probe on the brush interface becomes dominant, and a correct measurement of dynamic friction can be accomplished. By increasing the temperature above the LCST, the PNIPAM brushes undergo dehydration and assume a collapsed morphology, thereby hindering their lateral deformation by scanning probe. Hence, at 40 °C in water the recorded friction loops do not show any tilting and LFM accurately describes the dynamic friction between the probe and the polymer surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivaprakash N Ramakrishna
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Cirelli
- Department of Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA + Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente , P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammad Divandari
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edmondo M Benetti
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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21
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Jiang L, Messing ME, Ye L. Temperature and pH Dual-Responsive Core-Brush Nanocomposite for Enrichment of Glycoproteins. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:8985-8995. [PMID: 28240025 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b15326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this report, we present a novel modular approach to the immobilization of a high density of boronic acid ligands on thermoresponsive block copolymer brushes for effective enrichment of glycoproteins via their synergistic multiple covalent binding with the immobilized boronic acids. Specifically, a two-step, consecutive surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) was employed to graft a flexible block copolymer brush, pNIPAm-b-pGMA, from an initiator-functionalized nanosilica surface, followed by postpolymerization modification of the pGMA moiety with sodium azide. Subsequently, an alkyne-tagged boronic acid (PCAPBA) was conjugated to the polymer brush via a Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) click reaction, leading to a silica-supported polymeric hybrid material, Si@pNIPAm-b-pBA, with a potent glycol binding affinity. The obtained core-brush nanocomposite was systematically characterized with regard to particle size, morphology, organic content, brush density, and number of immobilized boronic acids. We also studied the characteristics of glycoprotein binding of the nanocomposite under different conditions. The nanocomposite showed high binding capacities for ovalbumin (OVA) (98.0 mg g-1) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) (26.8 mg g-1) in a basic buffer (pH 9.0) at 20 °C. More importantly, by adjusting the pH and temperature, the binding capacities of the nanocomposite can be tuned, which is meaningful for the separation of biological molecules. In general, the synthetic approach developed for the fabrication of block copolymer brushes in the nanocomposite opened new opportunities for the design of more functional hybrid materials that will be useful in bioseparation and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingdong Jiang
- Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University , Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria E Messing
- Division of Solid State Physics and NanoLund, Department of Physics, Lund University , Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lei Ye
- Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University , Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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22
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Zoppe JO, Ataman NC, Mocny P, Wang J, Moraes J, Klok HA. Surface-Initiated Controlled Radical Polymerization: State-of-the-Art, Opportunities, and Challenges in Surface and Interface Engineering with Polymer Brushes. Chem Rev 2017; 117:1105-1318. [PMID: 28135076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 587] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The generation of polymer brushes by surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization (SI-CRP) techniques has become a powerful approach to tailor the chemical and physical properties of interfaces and has given rise to great advances in surface and interface engineering. Polymer brushes are defined as thin polymer films in which the individual polymer chains are tethered by one chain end to a solid interface. Significant advances have been made over the past years in the field of polymer brushes. This includes novel developments in SI-CRP, as well as the emergence of novel applications such as catalysis, electronics, nanomaterial synthesis and biosensing. Additionally, polymer brushes prepared via SI-CRP have been utilized to modify the surface of novel substrates such as natural fibers, polymer nanofibers, mesoporous materials, graphene, viruses and protein nanoparticles. The last years have also seen exciting advances in the chemical and physical characterization of polymer brushes, as well as an ever increasing set of computational and simulation tools that allow understanding and predictions of these surface-grafted polymer architectures. The aim of this contribution is to provide a comprehensive review that critically assesses recent advances in the field and highlights the opportunities and challenges for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin O Zoppe
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nariye Cavusoglu Ataman
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Piotr Mocny
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jian Wang
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John Moraes
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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23
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24
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Surface immobilization of thermo-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) by simple entrapment in a 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane network. POLYMER 2016; 101:139-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Murdoch TJ, Humphreys BA, Willott JD, Gregory KP, Prescott SW, Nelson A, Wanless EJ, Webber GB. Specific Anion Effects on the Internal Structure of a Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Brush. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Murdoch
- Priority
Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Ben A. Humphreys
- Priority
Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Joshua D. Willott
- Priority
Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Kasimir P. Gregory
- Priority
Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Stuart W. Prescott
- School
of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Andrew Nelson
- Australian Nuclear
Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Erica J. Wanless
- Priority
Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Grant B. Webber
- Priority
Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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26
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Humphreys BA, Willott JD, Murdoch TJ, Webber GB, Wanless EJ. Specific ion modulated thermoresponse of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) brushes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:6037-46. [PMID: 26840183 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07468a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The influence of specific anions on the equilibrium thermoresponse of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) brushes has been studied using in situ ellipsometry, quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) and static contact angle measurements between 20 and 45 °C in the presence of up to 250 mM acetate and thiocyanate anions in water. The thickness and changes in dissipation exhibited a broad swelling transition spanning approximately 15 °C from collapsed (high temperatures) to swollen conformation (low temperatures) while the brush surface wettability changed over approximately 2 °C. In the presence of the kosmotropic acetate anions, the measured lower critical solution temperature (LCST) by the three techniques was very similar and decreased linearly as a function of ionic strength. Conversely, increasing the concentration of the chaotropic thiocyanate anions raised the LCST of the pNIPAM brushes with variation in the measured LCST between the three techniques increasing with ionic strength. The thickness of the pNIPAM brush was seen to progressively increase with increasing thiocyanate concentration at all temperatures. It is proposed that specific ion binding of the chaotropic thiocyanate anion with pNIPAM amide moieties increases the electrostatic intra- and intermolecular repulsion within and between pNIPAM chains. This allows the brush to begin to swell at higher temperatures and to an overall greater extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben A Humphreys
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Joshua D Willott
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Timothy J Murdoch
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Grant B Webber
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Erica J Wanless
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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27
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Mathis C, Divandari M, Simic R, Naik VV, Benetti EM, Isa L, Spencer ND. ATR-IR Investigation of Solvent Interactions with Surface-Bound Polymers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:7588-95. [PMID: 27397856 PMCID: PMC4974601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Solvent interactions with bulk and surface-bound polymer brushes are crucial for functionalities such as controlled friction and thermoresponsive adhesion. To study such interactions, the temperature-induced solvent-quality changes and the effect of surface tethering on the mechanical and tribological properties of poly(dodecyl methacrylate) (P12MA) brushes have been investigated by means of attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR), as well as atomic force microscopy (AFM) and lateral force microscopy (LFM). These results have been compared with temperature-dependent UV-visible spectrophotometry (UV-vis) data for the corresponding bulk polymer solutions. The ATR-IR results clearly show that increasing temperature enhances ethanol uptake in P12MA, which results in film swelling. This is accompanied by a marked increase in both adhesion and friction. We have also shown that a combination of solvents, such as toluene and ethanol, can lead to a temperature-dependent solvent partitioning within the polymer brush. To our knowledge this is the first time preferential solvent uptake in a grafted-from brush has been monitored via in situ ATR-IR. Moreover, we have observed remarkably different behavior for polymer chains in solution compared to the behavior of similar chains bound to a surface. The presented findings on the temperature-dependent solvent interactions of surface-grafted P12MA reveal previously unknown solvation phenomena and open up a range of possible applications in the area of stimuli-responsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian
H. Mathis
- Laboratory for Surface Science and
Technology and Laboratory for Interfaces, Soft matter
and Assembly, Department of Materials, ETH
Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg
5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mohammad Divandari
- Laboratory for Surface Science and
Technology and Laboratory for Interfaces, Soft matter
and Assembly, Department of Materials, ETH
Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg
5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rok Simic
- Laboratory for Surface Science and
Technology and Laboratory for Interfaces, Soft matter
and Assembly, Department of Materials, ETH
Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg
5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vikrant V. Naik
- Laboratory for Surface Science and
Technology and Laboratory for Interfaces, Soft matter
and Assembly, Department of Materials, ETH
Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg
5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edmondo M. Benetti
- Laboratory for Surface Science and
Technology and Laboratory for Interfaces, Soft matter
and Assembly, Department of Materials, ETH
Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg
5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lucio Isa
- Laboratory for Surface Science and
Technology and Laboratory for Interfaces, Soft matter
and Assembly, Department of Materials, ETH
Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg
5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas D. Spencer
- Laboratory for Surface Science and
Technology and Laboratory for Interfaces, Soft matter
and Assembly, Department of Materials, ETH
Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg
5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- E-mail:
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28
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Xue N, Qiu XP, Chen Y, Satoh T, Kakuchi T, Winnik FM. Effect of chain architecture on the phase transition of star and cyclic poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) in water. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Xue
- Department of Chemistry; University of Montréal, Succursale Centre Ville; Montreal QC H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Xing-Ping Qiu
- Department of Chemistry; University of Montréal, Succursale Centre Ville; Montreal QC H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Yougen Chen
- Frontier Chemistry Center, Faculty of Engineering; Hokkaido University; Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering; Hokkaido University; Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
| | - Toyoji Kakuchi
- Frontier Chemistry Center, Faculty of Engineering; Hokkaido University; Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering; Hokkaido University; Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
| | - Françoise M. Winnik
- Department of Chemistry; University of Montréal, Succursale Centre Ville; Montreal QC H3C 3J7 Canada
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center Initiative, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA) and National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS); 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba 305-0044 Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Helsinki; Helsinki FI-00014 Finland
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29
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Zhuang P, Dirani A, Glinel K, Jonas AM. Temperature Dependence of the Surface and Volume Hydrophilicity of Hydrophilic Polymer Brushes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:3433-3444. [PMID: 27003634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The temperature-dependence of the volume and surface hydrophilicity of a series of water-swollen dense polymer brushes is measured by contact angle measurements in the captive bubble configuration, by ellipsometry, and by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). Thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and poly(di(methoxyethoxy)ethyl methacrylate) (PMEO2MA), strongly hydrophilic poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA) and poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) (POEGMA), and weakly hydrophilic poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) brushes were synthesized by surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). Conditions leading to reproducible measurements of the contact angle are first provided, giving access to the surface hydrophilicity. Volume hydrophilicity is quantified by measuring the swelling of the brushes, either by QCM-D or by ellipsometry. A model-free methodology is proposed to analyze the QCM-D data. Comparison between the acoustic and optical swelling coefficients shows that QCM-D is sensitive to the maximal thickness of swollen brushes, while ellipsometry provides an integral thickness. Diagrams of surface versus volume hydrophilicity of the brushes finally lead to identify two types of behavior: strongly water-swollen brushes exhibit a progressive decrease of volume hydrophilicity with temperature, while surface hydrophilicity changes moderately; weakly water-swollen brushes have a close-to-constant volume hydrophilicity, while surface hydrophilicity decreases with temperature. Thermoresponsive brushes abruptly switch from one behavior to the other, and do not exhibit an abrupt change of surface hydrophilicity across their collapse transition contrarily to a common erroneous belief. In general, there is no direct correlation between surface and volume hydrophilicity, because surface properties are dependent on the details of conformation and composition at the surface, whereas volume properties are averaged over a finite region within the brush.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Zhuang
- Bio & Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain , Croix du Sud 1/L7.04.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Ali Dirani
- Bio & Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain , Croix du Sud 1/L7.04.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Karine Glinel
- Bio & Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain , Croix du Sud 1/L7.04.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Alain M Jonas
- Bio & Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain , Croix du Sud 1/L7.04.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Varma S, Bureau L, Débarre D. The Conformation of Thermoresponsive Polymer Brushes Probed by Optical Reflectivity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:3152-3163. [PMID: 26986181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We describe a microscope-based optical setup that allows us to perform space- and time-resolved measurements of the spectral reflectance of transparent substrates coated with ultrathin films. This technique is applied to investigate the behavior in water of thermosensitive polymer brushes made of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) grafted on glass. We show that spectral reflectance measurements yield quantitative information about the conformation and axial structure of the brushes as a function of temperature. We study how parameters such as grafting density and chain length affect the hydration state of a brush, and provide one of the few experimental evidences for the occurrence of vertical phase separation in the vicinity of the lower critical solution temperature of the polymer. The origin of the hysteretic behavior of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) brushes upon cycling the temperature is also clarified. We thus demonstrate that our optical technique allows for in-depth characterization of stimuli-responsive polymer layers, which is crucial for the rational design of smart polymer coatings in actuation, gating, or sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Varma
- University Grenoble Alpes, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Lionel Bureau
- University Grenoble Alpes, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Delphine Débarre
- University Grenoble Alpes, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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Ramakrishna SN, Cirelli M, Kooij ES, Klein Gunnewiek M, Benetti EM. Amplified Responsiveness of Multilayered Polymer Grafts: Synergy between Brushes and Hydrogels. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shivaprakash N. Ramakrishna
- Laboratory
for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, HCI F 537, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Cirelli
- Department
of Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for
Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - E. Stefan Kooij
- Physics
of Interfaces and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente,
P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Michel Klein Gunnewiek
- Department
of Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for
Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Edmondo M. Benetti
- Laboratory
for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, HCI F 537, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department
of Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for
Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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32
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Dunderdale GJ, Urata C, Hozumi A. An underwater superoleophobic surface that can be activated/deactivated via external triggers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:13438-13446. [PMID: 25318101 DOI: 10.1021/la503492e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Poly[(2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (pDMAEMA) brush surfaces were prepared using a facile aqueous Activators ReGenerated by Electron Transfer Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ARGET-ATRP) protocol at ambient temperature without any need to purge reaction solutions of oxygen. This produced underwater superoleophobic surfaces, which exhibited high advancing (θA, 164-166°) and receding (θR, 153-165°) contact angles (CAs) and low CA hysteresis (1-11°) with a variety of oils. Both in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry and dynamic CA measurements confirmed that pDMAEMA brush surfaces responded to three different external stimuli (pH, ionic strength, and temperature) by changing their thicknesses, degree of hydration, or their chemical composition. Increasing pH resulted in the largest decrease in hydration, followed by increasing temperature, and increasing ionic strength gave the smallest change in hydration. Coincident with these structural changes, stimulus-responsive dynamic dewetting behavior with various oils was observed. Increasing pH or ionic strength drastically reduced the θR values of oil drops and increased CA hysteresis, resulting in a sticky surface on which oil drops were pinned. No noticeable changes in dynamic oleophobicity were observed with increasing temperature. In addition, when oil drops impacted onto the brush surface instead of being gently placed, surfaces did not exhibit stimulus-responsive dewetting properties, being oleophobic under all conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary J Dunderdale
- Materials Research Institute for Sustainable Development, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , 2266-98, Anagahora, Shimoshidami, Moriyama, Nagoya 463-8560, Japan
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Elmahdy MM, Drechsler A, Bittrich E, Uhlmann P, Stamm M. Interactions between silica particles and poly(2-vinylpyridine) brushes in aqueous solutions of monovalent and multivalent salts. Colloid Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-014-3291-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chen Q, Kooij ES, Sui X, Padberg CJ, Hempenius MA, Schön PM, Vancso GJ. Collapse from the top: brushes of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) in co-nonsolvent mixtures. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:3134-42. [PMID: 24695793 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm00195h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Using a combination of ellipsometry and friction force microscopy, we study the reversible swelling, collapse and variation in friction properties of covalently bound poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) layers on silicon with different grafting densities in response to exposure to good solvents and co-nonsolvent mixtures. Changes in the thickness and segment density distribution of grafted films are investigated by in situ ellipsometry. Based on quantitative modelling of the ellipsometry spectra, we postulate a structural model, which assumes that collapse takes place in the contacting layer between the brush and the co-nonsolvent and the top-collapsed brushes remain hydrated in the film interior. Using the structural model derived from ellipsometry spectra, we analyse the AFM based friction force microscopy data, which were obtained by silica colloidal probes. Results show a large increase of the friction coefficient of PNIPAM grafts when the grafts swollen by water are brought in contact with co-nonsolvents. For instance, the value of the friction coefficient for a medium density brush in water is four times lower than the value observed in a water-methanol (50% v/v) mixture. This increase of friction is accompanied by an increase in adherence between the PNIPAM chains and the silica colloidal probes, and is a result of chain collapse in the graft when contacted by a co-nonsolvent mixture in agreement with the model postulated on the basis of ellipsometric characterisation. The kinetic behaviour of the collapse is assessed by measuring the temporal variation of friction in situ as a function of elapsed time following contact with the co-nonsolvent as a function of graft density. In conclusion, the effect of co-nonsolvency influenced both the thickness of the PNIPAM brushes and the tribological behavior of the brush surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, University of Twente, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherland.
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Teichmann J, Valtink M, Nitschke M, Gramm S, Funk RHW, Engelmann K, Werner C. Tissue engineering of the corneal endothelium: a review of carrier materials. J Funct Biomater 2013; 4:178-208. [PMID: 24956190 PMCID: PMC4030930 DOI: 10.3390/jfb4040178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional impairment of the human corneal endothelium can lead to corneal blindness. In order to meet the high demand for transplants with an appropriate human corneal endothelial cell density as a prerequisite for corneal function, several tissue engineering techniques have been developed to generate transplantable endothelial cell sheets. These approaches range from the use of natural membranes, biological polymers and biosynthetic material compositions, to completely synthetic materials as matrices for corneal endothelial cell sheet generation. This review gives an overview about currently used materials for the generation of transplantable corneal endothelial cell sheets with a special focus on thermo-responsive polymer coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Teichmann
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Institute of Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Hohe Straße 6, Dresden 01069, Germany.
| | - Monika Valtink
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden 01307, Germany.
| | - Mirko Nitschke
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Institute of Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Hohe Straße 6, Dresden 01069, Germany.
| | - Stefan Gramm
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Institute of Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Hohe Straße 6, Dresden 01069, Germany.
| | - Richard H W Funk
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden 01307, Germany.
| | - Katrin Engelmann
- CRTD/DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden-Cluster of Excellence, Fetscherstraße 105, Dresden 01307, Germany.
| | - Carsten Werner
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Institute of Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Hohe Straße 6, Dresden 01069, Germany.
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36
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Romeis D, Sommer JU. Conformational switching of modified guest chains in polymer brushes. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:044910. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4816125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Cui J, Iturri J, Götz U, Jimenez M, del Campo A. Analysis of responsive polymer films using surface acoustic waves. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:6582-7. [PMID: 23631510 DOI: 10.1021/la401014q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) technique is applied for the first time to quantify the properties of a responsive polymer brush layer. Using a single SAW chip, the response of five different brush compositions to several pH changes was monitored in parallel in a single run. These results were compared with QCM-D studies on the same system. SAW exhibited two remarkable advantages against QCM-D: (i) multiplexing capability, which allowed considerable reduction in experimental time and expenses (1/8 reduction of experimental time, 1/5 in the number of chips, and 1/10 in solvent consumption in our case), and (ii) higher sensitivity in both mass and viscosity change than QCM-D (4-5 times higher in our systems). Our results demonstrate the suitability and advantages of the SAW technology for application in polymer science, in particular for the study of the compositional effects in responsive thin layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Cui
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Mainz, Germany
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38
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Gibson MI, O'Reilly RK. To aggregate, or not to aggregate? considerations in the design and application of polymeric thermally-responsive nanoparticles. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:7204-13. [PMID: 23571466 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60035a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to highlight some of the challenges in designing thermally responsive nanoparticles, where the responsivity is endowed by a responsive polymeric corona. A review of the literature reveals many contradictory observations upon heating these particles through their transition temperature. Indeed, both an increase in size due to aggregation and particle shrinkage have been reported for apparently similar materials. Furthermore, careful review of the literature shows that responsive nanoparticles do not have the same transition temperature or properties as their constituent polymers. These observations raise serious questions as to how to achieve the rational design of a responsive particle with a predictable and reproducible response. Here we highlight specific cases where conflicting results have been observed for spherical particles and put these results into the context of flat-surface grafted polymer brushes to explain the behaviour in terms of grafting density, curvature, chain end effects and the role of the underlying substrate. A better understanding of these observations should lead to the improved design of nanoparticles with real function and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, UKCV4 7AL.
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Schenderlein H, Voss A, Stark RW, Biesalski M. Preparation and characterization of light-switchable polymer networks attached to solid substrates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:4525-4534. [PMID: 23461870 DOI: 10.1021/la305073p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Surface-attached polymer networks that carry light-responsive nitrospiropyran groups in a hydrophilic PDMAA matrix were prepared on planar silicon and glass surfaces and were characterized with respect to their switching behavior under the influence of an external light trigger. Functional polymers bearing light-responsive units as well as photo-cross-linkable benzophenone groups were first synthesized using free radical copolymerization. The number of spiropyran groups in the copolymer was controlled by adjusting the concentration of the respective monomer in the copolymerization feed. The polymer films were prepared by spin-coating the functional polymers from solution and by ultraviolet light (UV)-induced cross-linking utilizing benzophenone photochemistry. On substrates with immobilized benzophenone groups, the complete polymer network is linked to the surface. The dry thickness of the films can be controlled over a wide range from a few nanometers up to more than 1 μm. The integration of such light-switchable organic moieties into a surface-attached polymer network allows one to increase the overall number of light-responsive groups per surface area by adjusting the amount of surface-attached polymer networks. The spiropyran's function in dry (solvent-free) and swollen polymer films can be reversibly switched by UV and visible irradiation. In addition, the switching in water is faster than in the dry state. Therefore, implementing light-responsive spiropyran functions in polymer films linked to solid surfaces could allow for switching of the chemical and optical surface properties in a fast and spatially controlled fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helge Schenderlein
- Ernst-Berl-Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Chair for Macromolecular & Paper Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstrasse 22, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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