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Brown JB, Qian Y, Huang-Fu ZC, Zhang T, Wang H, Rao Y. In Situ Probing of the Surface Properties of Droplets in the Air. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023. [PMID: 37497860 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Surface properties of nanodroplets and microdroplets are intertwined with their immense applicability in biology, medicine, production, catalysis, the environment, and the atmosphere. However, many means for analyzing droplets and their surfaces are destructive, non-interface-specific, not conducted under ambient conditions, require sample substrates, conducted ex situ, or a combination thereof. For these reasons, a technique for surface-selective in situ analyses under any condition is necessary. This feature article presents recent developments in second-order nonlinear optical scattering techniques for the in situ interfacial analysis of aerosol droplets in the air. First, we describe the abundant utilization of such droplets across industries and how their unique surface properties lead to their ubiquitous usage. Then, we describe the fundamental properties of droplets and their surfaces followed by common methods for their study. We next describe the fundamental principles of sum-frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy, the Langmuir adsorption model, and how they are used together to describe adsorption processes at planar liquid and droplet surfaces. We also discuss the history of developments of second-order scattering from droplets suspended in dispersive media and introduce second-harmonic scattering (SHS) and sum-frequency scattering (SFS) spectroscopies. We then go on to outline the developments of SHS, electronic sum-frequency scattering (ESFS), and vibrational sum-frequency scattering (VSFS) from droplets in the air and discuss the fundamental insights about droplet surfaces that the techniques have provided. Finally, we describe some of the areas of nonlinear scattering from airborne droplets which need improvement as well as potential future directions and utilizations of SHS, ESFS, and VSFS throughout environmental systems, interfacial chemistry, and fundamental physics. The goal of this feature article is to spread knowledge about droplets and their unique surface properties as well as introduce second-order nonlinear scattering to a broad audience who may be unaware of recent progress and advancements in their applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse B Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Yuqin Qian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Zhi-Chao Huang-Fu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Yi Rao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
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2
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Mirrielees J, Kirpes RM, Haas SM, Rauschenberg CD, Matrai PA, Remenapp A, Boschi VL, Grannas AM, Pratt KA, Ault AP. Probing Individual Particles Generated at the Freshwater-Seawater Interface through Combined Raman, Photothermal Infrared, and X-ray Spectroscopic Characterization. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2022; 2:605-619. [PMID: 36589347 PMCID: PMC9793585 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.2c00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sea spray aerosol (SSA) is one of the largest global sources of atmospheric aerosol, but little is known about SSA generated in coastal regions with salinity gradients near estuaries and river outflows. SSA particles are chemically complex with substantial particle-to-particle variability due to changes in water temperature, salinity, and biological activity. In previous studies, the ability to resolve the aerosol composition to the level of individual particles has proven necessary for the accurate parameterization of the direct and indirect aerosol effects; therefore, measurements of individual SSA particles are needed for the characterization of this large source of atmospheric aerosol. An integrated analytical measurement approach is required to probe the chemical composition of individual SSA particles. By combining complementary vibrational microspectroscopic (Raman and optical photothermal infrared, O-PTIR) measurements with elemental information from computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (CCSEM-EDX), we gained unique insights into the individual particle chemical composition and morphology. Herein, we analyzed particles from four experiments on laboratory-based SSA production using coastal seawater collected in January 2018 from the Gulf of Maine. Individual salt particles were enriched in organics compared to that in natural seawater, both with and without added microalgal filtrate, with greater enrichment observed for smaller particle sizes, as evidenced by higher carbon/sodium ratios. Functional group analysis was carried out using the Raman and infrared spectra collected from individual SSA particles. Additionally, the Raman spectra were compared with a library of Raman spectra consisting of marine-derived organic compounds. Saccharides, followed by fatty acids, were the dominant components of the organic coatings surrounding the salt cores of these particles. This combined Raman, infrared, and X-ray spectroscopic approach will enable further understanding of the factors determining the individual particle composition, which is important for understanding the impacts of SSA produced within estuaries and river outflows, as well as areas of snow and ice melt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica
A. Mirrielees
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Rachel M. Kirpes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Savannah M. Haas
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, United States
| | | | - Patricia A. Matrai
- Bigelow
Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, Maine 04544, United States
| | - Allison Remenapp
- Department
of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, United States
| | - Vanessa L. Boschi
- Department
of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, United States
| | - Amanda M. Grannas
- Department
of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, United States
| | - Kerri A. Pratt
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department
of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University
of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United
States
| | - Andrew P. Ault
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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3
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Deal AM, Vaida V. Infrared Reflection–Absorption Spectroscopy of α-Hydroxyacids at the Water–Air Interface. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:8280-8294. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M. Deal
- Department of Chemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Veronica Vaida
- Department of Chemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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4
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Qian Y, Brown JB, Zhang T, Huang-Fu ZC, Rao Y. In Situ Detection of Chemical Compositions at Nanodroplet Surfaces and In-Nanodroplet Phases. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:3758-3764. [PMID: 35667005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c03346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Small-volume nanodroplets play an increasingly common role in chemistry and biology. Such nanodroplets are believed to have unique chemical and physical properties at the interface between a droplet and its surrounding medium, however, they are underexamined. In this study, we present the novel technique of vibrational sum frequency scattering (VSFS) spectroscopy as an interface-specific, high-performance method for the in situ investigation of nanodroplets with sub-micron radii; as well as the droplet bulk through simultaneous hyper-Raman scattering (HRS) spectroscopy. We use laboratory-generated nanodroplets from aqueous alcohol solutions to demonstrate this technique's ability to separate the vibrational phenomena which take place at droplet surfaces from the underlying bulk phase. In addition, we systemically examine interfacial spectra of nanodroplets containing methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, and 1-butanol through VSFS. Furthermore, we demonstrate interfacial differences between such nanodroplets and their analogous planar surfaces. The sensitivity of this technique to probe droplet surfaces with few-particle density at standard conditions validates VSFS as an analytical technique for the in situ investigation of small nanodroplets, providing breakthrough information about these species of ever-increasing relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Qian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Jesse B Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Zhi-Chao Huang-Fu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Yi Rao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
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5
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Qian Y, Brown JB, Huang-Fu ZC, Zhang T, Wang H, Wang S, Dadap JI, Rao Y. In situ analysis of the bulk and surface chemical compositions of organic aerosol particles. Commun Chem 2022; 5:58. [PMID: 36698010 PMCID: PMC9814772 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00674-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the chemical and physical properties of particles is an important scientific, engineering, and medical issue that is crucial to air quality, human health, and environmental chemistry. Of special interest are aerosol particles floating in the air for both indoor virus transmission and outdoor atmospheric chemistry. The growth of bio- and organic-aerosol particles in the air is intimately correlated with chemical structures and their reactions in the gas phase at aerosol particle surfaces and in-particle phases. However, direct measurements of chemical structures at aerosol particle surfaces in the air are lacking. Here we demonstrate in situ surface-specific vibrational sum frequency scattering (VSFS) to directly identify chemical structures of molecules at aerosol particle surfaces. Furthermore, our setup allows us to simultaneously probe hyper-Raman scattering (HRS) spectra in the particle phase. We examined polarized VSFS spectra of propionic acid at aerosol particle surfaces and in particle bulk. More importantly, the surface adsorption free energy of propionic acid onto aerosol particles was found to be less negative than that at the air/water interface. These results challenge the long-standing hypothesis that molecular behaviors at the air/water interface are the same as those at aerosol particle surfaces. Our approach opens a new avenue in revealing surface compositions and chemical aging in the formation of secondary organic aerosols in the atmosphere as well as chemical analysis of indoor and outdoor viral aerosol particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Qian
- grid.53857.3c0000 0001 2185 8768Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322 USA
| | - Jesse B. Brown
- grid.53857.3c0000 0001 2185 8768Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322 USA
| | - Zhi-Chao Huang-Fu
- grid.53857.3c0000 0001 2185 8768Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322 USA
| | - Tong Zhang
- grid.53857.3c0000 0001 2185 8768Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322 USA
| | - Hui Wang
- grid.53857.3c0000 0001 2185 8768Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322 USA ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - ShanYi Wang
- grid.53857.3c0000 0001 2185 8768Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322 USA ,grid.470930.90000 0001 2182 2351Department of Physics and Astronomy, Barnard College, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - Jerry I. Dadap
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Yi Rao
- grid.53857.3c0000 0001 2185 8768Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322 USA
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6
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Kappes K, Frandsen BN, Vaida V. Infrared spectroscopy of 2-oxo-octanoic acid in multiple phases. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:6757-6768. [PMID: 35237773 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05345k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-keto acids are environmentally and biologically relevant species whose chemistry has been shown to be influenced by their local environment. Vibrational spectroscopy provides useful ways to probe the potential inter- and intramolecular interactions available to them in several phases. We measure and compare the IR spectra of 2-oxo-octanoic acid (2OOA) in the gas phase, solid phase, and at the air-water interface. With theoretical support, we assign many of the vibrational modes in each of the spectra. In the gas phase, two types of conformers are identified and distinguished, with the intramolecularly H-bonded form being the dominant type, while the second conformer type identified does not have an intramolecular hydrogen bond. The van der Waals interactions between molecules in solid 2OOA manifest C-H and CO vibrations lower in energy than in the gas phase and we propose an intermolecular hydrogen bonding scheme for the solid phase. At the air-water interface the hydrocarbon tails of 2OOA do interact with each other while the carbonyls appear to interact with water in the subphase, but not with neighboring 2OOA as might be expected of a closely packed surfactant film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keaten Kappes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado-Boulder, UCB 215, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. .,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado-Boulder, UCB 216, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Benjamin N Frandsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado-Boulder, UCB 215, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. .,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado-Boulder, UCB 216, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Veronica Vaida
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado-Boulder, UCB 215, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. .,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado-Boulder, UCB 216, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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7
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Wang H, Xiong W. Vibrational Sum-Frequency Generation Hyperspectral Microscopy for Molecular Self-Assembled Systems. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2021; 72:279-306. [PMID: 33441031 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-090519-050510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the recent developments and applications of vibrational sum-frequency generation (VSFG) microscopy. This hyperspectral imaging technique can resolve systems without inversion symmetry, such as surfaces, interfaces and noncentrosymmetric self-assembled materials, in the spatial, temporal, and spectral domains. We discuss two common VSFG microscopy geometries: wide-field and confocal point-scanning. We then introduce the principle of VSFG and the relationships between hyperspectral imaging with traditional spectroscopy, microscopy, and time-resolved measurements. We further highlight crucial applications of VSFG microscopy in self-assembled monolayers, cellulose in plants, collagen fibers, and lattice self-assembled biomimetic materials. In these systems, VSFG microscopy reveals relationships between physical properties that would otherwise be hidden without being spectrally, spatially, and temporally resolved. Lastly, we discuss the recent development of ultrafast transient VSFG microscopy, which can spatially measure the ultrafast vibrational dynamics of self-assembled materials. The review ends with an outlook on the technical challenges of and scientific potential for VSFG microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA; ,
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA; , .,Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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8
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Olson NE, Xiao Y, Lei Z, Ault AP. Simultaneous Optical Photothermal Infrared (O-PTIR) and Raman Spectroscopy of Submicrometer Atmospheric Particles. Anal Chem 2020; 92:9932-9939. [PMID: 32519841 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Physicochemical analysis of individual atmospheric aerosols at the most abundant sizes in the atmosphere (<1 μm) is analytically challenging, as hundreds to thousands of species are often present in femtoliter volumes. Vibrational spectroscopies, such as infrared (IR) and Raman, have great potential for probing functional groups in single particles at ambient pressure and temperature. However, the diffraction limit of IR radiation limits traditional IR microscopy to particles > ∼10 μm, which have less relevance to aerosol health and climate impacts. Optical photothermal infrared (O-PTIR) spectroscopy is a contactless method that circumvents diffraction limitations by using changes in the scattering intensity of a continuous wave visible laser (532 nm) to detect the photothermal expansion when a vibrational mode is excited by a tunable IR laser (QCL: 800-1800 cm-1 or OPO: 2600-3600 cm-1). Herein, we simultaneously collect O-PTIR spectra with Raman spectra at a single point for individual particles with aerodynamic diameters <400 nm (prior to impaction and spreading) at ambient temperature and pressure, by also collecting the inelastically scattered visible photons for Raman spectra. O-PTIR and Raman spectra were collected for submicrometer particles with different substrates, particle chemical compositions, and morphologies (i.e., core-shell), as well as IR mapping with submicron spatial resolution. Initial O-PTIR analysis of ambient atmospheric particles identified both inorganic and organic modes in individual sub- and supermicrometer particles. The simultaneous IR and Raman microscopy with submicrometer spatial resolution described herein has considerable potential both in atmospheric chemistry and numerous others fields (e.g., materials and biological research).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Olson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yao Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ziying Lei
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Andrew P Ault
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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9
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Williams T, Walsh C, Murray K, Subir M. Interactions of emerging contaminants with model colloidal microplastics, C 60 fullerene, and natural organic matter - effect of surface functional group and adsorbate properties. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:1190-1200. [PMID: 32250376 DOI: 10.1039/d0em00026d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Surface adsorption of two commonly detected emerging contaminants, amlodipine (AMP) and carbamazepine (CBZ), onto model colloidal microplastics, natural organic matter (NOM), and fullerene nanomaterials have been investigated. It is found that AMP accumulation at these colloidal-aqueous interfaces is markedly higher than that of CBZ. Measurements of surface excess and particle zeta potential, along with pH-dependent adsorption studies, reveal a distinct influence of colloidal functional group on the adsorption properties of these pharmaceuticals. AMP shows a clear preference for a surface containing carboxylic group compared to an amine modified surface. CBZ, in contrast, exhibit a pH-dependent surface proclivity for both of these microparticles. The type of interactions and molecular differences with respect to structural rigidity and charge properties explain these observed behaviors. In this work, we also demonstrate a facile approach in fabricating uniform microspheres coated with NOM and C60 nanoclusters. Subsequent binding studies on these surfaces show considerable adsorption on the NOM surface but a minimal uptake of CBZ by C60. Adsorption induced colloidal aggregation was not observed. These findings map out the extent of contaminant removal by colloids of different surface properties available in the aquatic environment. The methodology developed for the adsorption study also opens up the possibility for further investigations into colloidal-contaminant interactions.
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10
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Olson NE, Cooke ME, Shi JH, Birbeck JA, Westrick JA, Ault AP. Harmful Algal Bloom Toxins in Aerosol Generated from Inland Lake Water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:4769-4780. [PMID: 32186187 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) caused by cyanobacteria in freshwater environments produce toxins (e.g., microcystin) that are harmful to human and animal health. HAB frequency and intensity are increasing with greater nutrient runoff and a warming climate. Lake spray aerosol (LSA) released from freshwater lakes has been identified on lakeshores and after transport inland, including from lakes with HABs, but little is known about the potential for HAB toxins to be incorporated into LSA. In this study, freshwater samples were collected from two lakes in Michigan: Mona Lake during a severe HAB with microcystin concentrations (>200 μg/L) well above the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommended "do not drink" level (1.6 μg/L) and Muskegon Lake without a HAB (<1 μg/L microcystin). Microcystin toxins were identified in freshwater, as well as aerosol particles generated in the laboratory from Mona Lake water by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) at atmospheric concentrations up to 50 ± 20 ng/m3. Enrichment of hydrophobic microcystin congeners (e.g., microcystin-LR) was observed in aerosol particles relative to bulk freshwater, while enrichment of hydrophilic microcystin (e.g., microcystin-RR) was lower. As HABs increase in a warming climate, understanding and quantifying the emissions of toxins into the atmosphere is crucial for evaluating the health consequences of HABs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Olson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Madeline E Cooke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jia H Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Johnna A Birbeck
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Judy A Westrick
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Andrew P Ault
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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11
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Kelley AM. Can second order nonlinear spectroscopies selectively probe optically “dark” surface states in small semiconductor nanocrystals? J Chem Phys 2020; 152:120901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5139208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Myers Kelley
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California, Merced, 5300 North Lake Rd., Merced, California 95343, USA
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12
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Jacobs MI, Xu B, Kostko O, Wiegel AA, Houle FA, Ahmed M, Wilson KR. Using Nanoparticle X-ray Spectroscopy to Probe the Formation of Reactive Chemical Gradients in Diffusion-Limited Aerosols. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:6034-6044. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b04507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael I. Jacobs
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Bo Xu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Oleg Kostko
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Aaron A. Wiegel
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Frances A. Houle
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kevin R. Wilson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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13
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Link KA, Spurzem GN, Tuladhar A, Chase Z, Wang Z, Wang H, Walker RA. Organic Enrichment at Aqueous Interfaces: Cooperative Adsorption of Glucuronic Acid to DPPC Monolayers Studied with Vibrational Sum Frequency Generation. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:5621-5632. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b02255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katie A. Link
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Gabrielle N. Spurzem
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Aashish Tuladhar
- Physical Sciences Division, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Zizwe Chase
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Howard University, Washington, D.C. 20059, United States
| | - Zheming Wang
- Physical Sciences Division, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Hongfei Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Robert A. Walker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
- Montana Materials Science Program, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
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14
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Tirella PN, Craig RL, Tubbs DB, Olson NE, Lei Z, Ault AP. Extending surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) of atmospheric aerosol particles to the accumulation mode (150-800 nm). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2018; 20:1570-1580. [PMID: 30124713 DOI: 10.1039/c8em00276b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Due to their small size, measurements of the complex composition of atmospheric aerosol particles and their surfaces are analytically challenging. This is particularly true for microspectroscopic methods, where it can be difficult to optically identify individual particles smaller than the diffraction limit of visible light (∼350 nm) and measure their vibrational modes. Recently, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been applied to the study of aerosol particles, allowing for detection and characterization of previously undistinguishable vibrational modes. However, atmospheric particles analyzed via SERS have primarily been >1 μm to date, much larger than the diameter of the most abundant atmospheric aerosols (∼100 nm). To push SERS towards more relevant particle sizes, a simplified approach involving Ag foil substrates was developed. Both ambient particles and several laboratory-generated model aerosol systems (polystyrene latex spheres (PSLs), ammonium sulfate, and sodium nitrate) were investigated to determine SERS enhancements. SERS spectra of monodisperse, model aerosols between 400-800 nm were compared with non-SERS enhanced spectra, yielding average enhancement factors of 102 for both inorganic and organic vibrational modes. Additionally, SERS-enabled detection of 150 nm size-selected ambient particles represent the smallest individual aerosol particles analyzed by Raman microspectroscopy to date, and the first time atmospheric particles have been measured at sizes approaching the atmospheric number size distribution mode. SERS-enabled detection and identification of vibrational modes in smaller, more atmospherically-relevant particles has the potential to improve understanding of aerosol composition and surface properties, as well as their impact on heterogeneous and multiphase reactions involving aerosol surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter N Tirella
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
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15
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Jasensky J, Ferguson K, Baria M, Zou X, McGinnis R, Kaneshiro A, Badieyan S, Wei S, Marsh ENG, Chen Z. Simultaneous Observation of the Orientation and Activity of Surface-Immobilized Enzymes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:9133-9140. [PMID: 29993252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Surface immobilized enzymes have been widely used in many applications such as biosensors, biochips, biofuel production, and biofuel cell construction. Many factors dictate how enzymes' structure, activity, and stability may change when immobilized, including surface functionalization, immobilization chemistry, nature of the solid support, and enzyme surface density. To better understand how immobilization affects enzyme structure and activity, we have developed a method to measure both surface-sensitive protein vibrational spectra and enzymatic activity simultaneously. To accomplish this, an optical/fluorescence microscope was incorporated into a sum frequency generation (SFG) spectrometer. Using β-glucosidase (β-Glu) as a model system, enzymes were covalently tethered to a self-assembled monolayer surface using cysteine-maleimide chemistry. Their orientations were determined by SFG spectroscopy, with a single native cysteine residue oriented toward the functionalized surface, and activity measured simultaneously using a fluorogenic substrate resorufin β-d-glucopyranoside, with a loss of activity of 53% as compared to comparable solution measurements. Measuring β-Glu activity and orientation simultaneously provides more accurate information for designing and further improving enzymatic activity of surface-bound enzymes.
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16
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Reddy SK, Thiraux R, Wellen Rudd BA, Lin L, Adel T, Joutsuka T, Geiger FM, Allen HC, Morita A, Paesani F. Bulk Contributions Modulate the Sum-Frequency Generation Spectra of Water on Model Sea-Spray Aerosols. Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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17
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Craig RL, Nandy L, Axson JL, Dutcher CS, Ault AP. Spectroscopic Determination of Aerosol pH from Acid–Base Equilibria in Inorganic, Organic, and Mixed Systems. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:5690-5699. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b05261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucy Nandy
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | | | - Cari S. Dutcher
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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18
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Lovrić J, Duflot D, Monnerville M, Toubin C, Briquez S. Water-Induced Organization of Palmitic Acid at the Surface of a Model Sea Salt Particle: A Molecular Dynamics Study. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:10141-10149. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b07792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josip Lovrić
- Laboratoire de
Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules (PhLAM) CNRS, UMR
8523, Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Denis Duflot
- Laboratoire de
Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules (PhLAM) CNRS, UMR
8523, Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Maurice Monnerville
- Laboratoire de
Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules (PhLAM) CNRS, UMR
8523, Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Céline Toubin
- Laboratoire de
Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules (PhLAM) CNRS, UMR
8523, Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Stéphane Briquez
- Laboratoire de
Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules (PhLAM) CNRS, UMR
8523, Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
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19
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Ault AP, Axson JL. Atmospheric Aerosol Chemistry: Spectroscopic and Microscopic Advances. Anal Chem 2016; 89:430-452. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P. Ault
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department
of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jessica L. Axson
- Department
of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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20
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Axson JL, May NW, Colón-Bernal ID, Pratt KA, Ault AP. Lake Spray Aerosol: A Chemical Signature from Individual Ambient Particles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:9835-9845. [PMID: 27548099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b01661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol production from wave breaking on freshwater lakes, including the Laurentian Great Lakes, is poorly understood in comparison to sea spray aerosol (SSA). Aerosols from freshwater have the potential to impact regional climate and public health. Herein, lake spray aerosol (LSA) is defined as aerosol generated from freshwater through bubble bursting, analogous to SSA from seawater. A chemical signature for LSA was determined from measurements of ambient particles collected on the southeastern shore of Lake Michigan during an event (July 6-8, 2015) with wave heights up to 3.1 m. For comparison, surface freshwater was collected, and LSA were generated in the laboratory. Single particle microscopy and mass spectrometry analysis of field and laboratory-generated samples show that LSA particles are primarily calcium (carbonate) with lower concentrations of other inorganic ions and organic material. Laboratory number size distributions show ultrafine and accumulation modes at 53 (±1) and 276 (±8) nm, respectively. This study provides the first chemical signature for LSA. LSA composition is shown to be coupled to Great Lakes water chemistry (Ca(2+) > Mg(2+) > Na(+) > K(+)) and distinct from SSA. Understanding LSA physicochemical properties will improve assessment of LSA impacts on regional air quality, climate, and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Axson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Nathaniel W May
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Isabel D Colón-Bernal
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Kerri A Pratt
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Andrew P Ault
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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21
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Tang M, Cziczo DJ, Grassian VH. Interactions of Water with Mineral Dust Aerosol: Water Adsorption, Hygroscopicity, Cloud Condensation, and Ice Nucleation. Chem Rev 2016; 116:4205-59. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingjin Tang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Daniel J. Cziczo
- Department
of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences and Civil and Environmental
Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Vicki H. Grassian
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- Departments
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Nanoengineering and Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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22
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Cochran RE, Laskina O, Jayarathne T, Laskin A, Laskin J, Lin P, Sultana C, Lee C, Moore KA, Cappa CD, Bertram TH, Prather KA, Grassian VH, Stone EA. Analysis of Organic Anionic Surfactants in Fine and Coarse Fractions of Freshly Emitted Sea Spray Aerosol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:2477-86. [PMID: 26828238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The inclusion of organic compounds in freshly emitted sea spray aerosol (SSA) has been shown to be size-dependent, with an increasing organic fraction in smaller particles. Here we have used electrospray ionization-high resolution mass spectrometry in negative ion mode to identify organic compounds in nascent sea spray collected throughout a 25 day mesocosm experiment. Over 280 organic compounds from ten major homologous series were tentatively identified, including saturated (C8-C24) and unsaturated (C12-C22) fatty acids, fatty acid derivatives (including saturated oxo-fatty acids (C5-C18) and saturated hydroxy-fatty acids (C5-C18), organosulfates (C2-C7, C12-C17) and sulfonates (C16-C22). During the mesocosm, the distributions of molecules within some homologous series responded to variations among the levels of phytoplankton and bacteria in the seawater. The average molecular weight and carbon preference index of saturated fatty acids significantly decreased within fine SSA during the progression of the mesocosm, which was not observed in coarse SSA, sea-surface microlayer or in fresh seawater. This study helps to define the molecular composition of nascent SSA and biological processes in the ocean relate to SSA composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard E Cochran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Olga Laskina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Thilina Jayarathne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Alexander Laskin
- William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Julia Laskin
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Peng Lin
- William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Camille Sultana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Christopher Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Kathryn A Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Christopher D Cappa
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Timothy H Bertram
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Kimberly A Prather
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Vicki H Grassian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Stone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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23
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Rindelaub JD, Craig RL, Nandy L, Bondy AL, Dutcher CS, Shepson PB, Ault AP. Direct Measurement of pH in Individual Particles via Raman Microspectroscopy and Variation in Acidity with Relative Humidity. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:911-7. [PMID: 26745214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric aerosol acidity is an important characteristic of aqueous particles, which has been linked to the formation of secondary organic aerosol by catalyzing reactions of oxidized organic compounds that have partitioned to the particle phase. However, aerosol acidity is difficult to measure and traditionally estimated using indirect methods or assumptions based on composition. Ongoing disagreements between experiments and thermodynamic models of particle acidity necessitate improved fundamental understanding of pH and ion behavior in high ionic strength atmospheric particles. Herein, Raman microspectroscopy was used to determine the pH of individual particles (H2SO4+MgSO4) based on sulfate and bisulfate concentrations determined from νs(SO4(2-)) and νs(HSO4(-)), the acid dissociation constant, and activity coefficients from extended Debye-Hückel calculations. Shifts in pH and peak positions of νs(SO4(2-)) and νs(HSO4(-)) were observed as a function of relative humidity. These results indicate the potential for direct spectroscopic determination of pH in individual particles and the need to improve fundamental understanding of ion behavior in atmospheric particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel D Rindelaub
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Rebecca L Craig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Lucy Nandy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Amy L Bondy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Cari S Dutcher
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Paul B Shepson
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,Purdue Climate Change Research Center , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Andrew P Ault
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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24
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Hankett JM, Collin WR, Yang P, Chen Z, Duhaime M. Low-Volatility Model Demonstrates Humidity Affects Environmental Toxin Deposition on Plastics at a Molecular Level. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:1304-1312. [PMID: 26752114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite the ever-increasing prevalence of plastic debris and endocrine disrupting toxins in aquatic ecosystems, few studies describe their interactions in freshwater environments. We present a model system to investigate the deposition/desorption behaviors of low-volatility lake ecosystem toxins on microplastics in situ and in real time. Molecular interactions of gas-phase nonylphenols (NPs) with the surfaces of two common plastics, poly(styrene) and poly(ethylene terephthalate), were studied using quartz crystal microbalance and sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy. NP point sources were generated under two model environments: plastic on land and plastic on a freshwater surface. We found the headspace above calm water provides an excellent environment for NP deposition and demonstrate significant NP deposition on plastic within minutes at relevant concentrations. Further, NP deposits and orders differently on both plastics under humid versus dry environments. We attributed the unique deposition behaviors to surface energy changes from increased water content during the humid deposition. Lastly, nanograms of NP remained on microplastic surfaces hours after initial NP introduction and agitating conditions, illustrating feasibility for plastic-bound NPs to interact with biota and surrounding matter. Our model studies reveal important interactions between low-volatility environmental toxins and microplastics and hold potential to correlate the environmental fate of endocrine disrupting toxins in the Great Lakes with molecular behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne M Hankett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 United States
| | - William R Collin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 United States
| | - Pei Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 United States
| | - Zhan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 United States
| | - Melissa Duhaime
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan , 830 North University Ave, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 United States
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25
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Pöschl U, Shiraiwa M. Multiphase chemistry at the atmosphere-biosphere interface influencing climate and public health in the anthropocene. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4440-75. [PMID: 25856774 DOI: 10.1021/cr500487s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Pöschl
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Manabu Shiraiwa
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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26
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Quinn PK, Collins DB, Grassian VH, Prather KA, Bates TS. Chemistry and Related Properties of Freshly Emitted Sea Spray Aerosol. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4383-99. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500713g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia K. Quinn
- Pacific
Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington 98115, United States
| | - Douglas B. Collins
- Center
for Aerosol Impacts on Climate and the Environment, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92024, United States
| | - Vicki H. Grassian
- Center
for Aerosol Impacts on Climate and the Environment, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92024, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Kimberly A. Prather
- Center
for Aerosol Impacts on Climate and the Environment, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92024, United States
| | - Timothy S. Bates
- Joint
Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States
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27
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Lin W, Clark AJ, Paesani F. Effects of surface pressure on the properties of Langmuir monolayers and interfacial water at the air-water interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:2147-2156. [PMID: 25642579 DOI: 10.1021/la504603s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effects of surface pressure on the physical properties of Langmuir monolayers of palmitic acid (PA) and dipalmitoylphosphatidic acid (DPPA) at the air/water interface are investigated through molecular dynamics simulations with atomistic force fields. The structure and dynamics of both monolayers and interfacial water are compared across the range of surface pressures at which stable monolayers can form. For PA monolayers at T = 300 K, the untilted condensed phase with a hexagonal lattice structure is found at high surface pressure, while the uniformly tilted condensed phase with a centered rectangular lattice structure is observed at low surface pressure, in agreement with the available experimental data. A state with uniform chain tilt but no periodic spatial ordering is observed for DPPA monolayers on a Na(+)/water subphase at both high and low surface pressures. The hydrophobic acyl chains of both monolayers pack efficiently at all surface pressures, resulting in a very small number of gauche defects. The analysis of the hydrogen-bonding structure/dynamics at the monolayer/water interface indicates that water molecules hydrogen-bonded to the DPPA head groups reorient more slowly than those hydrogen-bonded to the PA head groups, with the orientational dynamics becoming significantly slower at high surface pressure. Possible implications for physicochemical processes taking place on marine aerosols in the atmosphere are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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28
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Shrestha M, Zhang Y, Upshur MA, Liu P, Blair SL, Wang HF, Nizkorodov SA, Thomson RJ, Martin ST, Geiger FM. On Surface Order and Disorder of α-Pinene-Derived Secondary Organic Material. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:4609-17. [DOI: 10.1021/jp510780e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Shrestha
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences & Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Mary Alice Upshur
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Pengfei Liu
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences & Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Sandra L. Blair
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, 1102 Natural Sciences 2, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Hong-fei Wang
- Environmental
Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovative Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Sergey A. Nizkorodov
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, 1102 Natural Sciences 2, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Regan J. Thomson
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Scot T. Martin
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences & Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Franz M. Geiger
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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29
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Ault AP, Guasco TL, Baltrusaitis J, Ryder OS, Trueblood JV, Collins DB, Ruppel MJ, Cuadra-Rodriguez LA, Prather KA, Grassian VH. Heterogeneous Reactivity of Nitric Acid with Nascent Sea Spray Aerosol: Large Differences Observed between and within Individual Particles. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:2493-2500. [PMID: 26277935 DOI: 10.1021/jz5008802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Current climate and atmospheric chemistry models assume that all sea spray particles react as if they are pure NaCl. However, recent studies of sea spray aerosol particles have shown that distinct particle types exist (including sea salt, organic carbon, and biological particles) as well as mixtures of these and, within each particle type, there is a range of single-particle chemical compositions. Because of these differences, individual particles should display a range of reactivities with trace atmospheric gases. Herein, to address this, we study the composition of individual sea spray aerosol particles after heterogeneous reaction with nitric acid. As expected, a replacement reaction of chloride with nitrate is observed; however, there is a large range of reactivities spanning from no reaction to complete reaction between and within individual sea spray aerosol particles. These data clearly support the need for laboratory studies of individual, environmentally relevant particles to improve our fundamental understanding as to the properties that determine reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Ault
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Timothy L Guasco
- ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jonas Baltrusaitis
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Olivia S Ryder
- ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jonathan V Trueblood
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Douglas B Collins
- ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Matthew J Ruppel
- ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Luis A Cuadra-Rodriguez
- ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Kimberly A Prather
- ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- §Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Vicki H Grassian
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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30
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Hudait A, Molinero V. Ice Crystallization in Ultrafine Water–Salt Aerosols: Nucleation, Ice-Solution Equilibrium, and Internal Structure. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:8081-93. [DOI: 10.1021/ja503311r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arpa Hudait
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt
Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, United States
| | - Valeria Molinero
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt
Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, United States
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31
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Nishino N, Hollingsworth SA, Stern AC, Roeselová M, Tobias DJ, Finlayson-Pitts BJ. Interactions of gaseous HNO3 and water with individual and mixed alkyl self-assembled monolayers at room temperature. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:2358-67. [PMID: 24352159 PMCID: PMC4000124 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54118e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The major removal processes for gaseous nitric acid (HNO3) in the atmosphere are dry and wet deposition onto various surfaces. The surface in the boundary layer is often covered with organic films, but the interaction of gaseous HNO3 with them is not well understood. To better understand the factors controlling the uptake of gaseous nitric acid and its dissociation in organic films, studies were carried out using single component and mixtures of C8 and C18 alkyl self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) attached to a germanium (Ge) attenuated total reflectance (ATR) crystal upon which a thin layer of SiOx had been deposited. For comparison, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectrometry (DRIFTS) studies were also carried out using a C18 SAM attached to the native oxide layer on the surface of silicon powder. These studies show that the alkyl chain length and order/disorder of the SAMs does not significantly affect the uptake or dissociation/recombination of molecular HNO3. Thus, independent of the nature of the SAM, molecular HNO3 is observed up to 70-90% relative humidity. After dissociation, molecular HNO3 is regenerated on all SAM surfaces when water is removed. Results of molecular dynamics simulations are consistent with experiments and show that defects and pores on the surfaces control the uptake, dissociation and recombination of molecular HNO3. Organic films on surfaces in the boundary layer will certainly be more irregular and less ordered than SAMs studied here, therefore undissociated HNO3 may be present on surfaces in the boundary layer to a greater extent than previously thought. The combination of this observation with the results of recent studies showing enhanced photolysis of nitric acid on surfaces suggests that renoxification of deposited nitric acid may need to be taken into account in atmospheric models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Nishino
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697-2025, USA
| | - Scott A. Hollingsworth
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, CA, 92697-2025, USA
| | - Abraham C. Stern
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697-2025, USA
| | - Martina Roeselová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nam. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Douglas J. Tobias
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697-2025, USA
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Ehrenhauser FS, Avij P, Shu X, Dugas V, Woodson I, Liyana-Arachchi T, Zhang Z, Hung FR, Valsaraj KT. Bubble bursting as an aerosol generation mechanism during an oil spill in the deep-sea environment: laboratory experimental demonstration of the transport pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2014; 16:65-73. [PMID: 24296745 DOI: 10.1039/c3em00390f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Oil spills in the deep-sea environment such as the 2010 Deep Water Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico release vast quantities of crude oil into the sea-surface environment. Various investigators have discussed the marine transport and fate of the oil into different environmental compartments (air, water, sediment, and biota). The transport of the oil into the atmosphere in these previous investigations has been limited to only evaporation, a volatility dependent pathway. In this work, we studied the aerosolization of oil spill matter via bursting bubbles as they occur during whitecaps in a laboratory aerosolization reactor. By evaluating the alkane content in oil mousse, crude oil, the gas phase, and particulate matter we clearly demonstrate that aerosolization via bursting bubbles is a solubility and volatility independent transport pathway for alkanes. The signature of alkane fractions in the native oil and aerosolized matter matched well especially for the less volatile alkanes (C20-C29). Scanning electron microscope interfaced with energy dispersive X-ray images identified the carbon fractions associated with salt particles of aerosols. Theoretical molecular dynamics simulations in the accompanying paper lend support to the observed propensity for alkanes at air-salt water interfaces of breaking bubbles and the produced droplets. The presence of a dispersant in the aqueous phase increased the oil ejection rate at the surface especially for the C20-C29 alkanes. The information presented here emphasizes the need to further study sea-spray aerosols as a possible transport vector for spilled oil in the sea surface environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz S Ehrenhauser
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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