1
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Inoue T, Ina T, Masai H, Kondo N, Matsui F, Kinoshita T, Nakajima A. Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) Measurements on Alkali Metal Superatoms of Ta-Atom-Encapsulated Si 16 Cage. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:5376-5381. [PMID: 38738993 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The silicon cage nanoclusters encapsulating a tantalum atom, termed Ta@Si16, exhibit characteristics of alkali metal "superatoms (SAs)". Despite this conceptual framework, the precise structures of Ta@Si16 and Ta@Si16+ remain unclear in quantum calculations due to three energetically close structural isomers: C3v, Td, and D4d structures. To identify the geometrical structure of Ta@Si16 SAs, structural analysis was conducted using extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) with a high-intensity monochromatic X-ray source, keeping anaerobic conditions. Focusing on "superordered" films, which constitute amorphous thin films composed solely of Ta@Si16 SAs, this analysis preserved locally ordered structures. Spectral comparisons between experimental and simulated Ta L3-edge EXAFS unveil that Ta@Si16 SAs on a substrate adopt a C3v-derived structure, while Si K-edge EXAFS introduces spectral ambiguity in structural identifications, attributed to both intracluster and intercluster scatterings. These findings underscore the significance of locally ordered structure analyses in understanding and characterizing novel nanoscale materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ina
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Masai
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
| | - Naonori Kondo
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Matsui
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Toyohiko Kinoshita
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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2
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Terasaka K, Kamoshida T, Ichikawa T, Yokoyama T, Shibuta M, Hatanaka M, Nakajima A. Alkaline Earth Metal Superatom of W@Si 16: Characterization of Group 6 Metal Encapsulating Si 16 Cage on Organic Substrates. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9605-9613. [PMID: 38427709 PMCID: PMC11009963 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Transition metal atom (M)-encapsulating silicon cage nanoclusters (M@Si16) exhibit a superatomic nature, depending on the central M atom owing to the number of valence electrons and charge state on organic substrates. Since M@Si16 superatom featuring group 4 and 5 transition metal atoms exhibit rare-gas-like and alkali-like characteristics, respectively, group 6 transition metal atoms are expected to show alkaline earth-like behavior. In this study, M@Si16, comprising a central atom from group 6 (MVI = Cr, Mo, and W) were deposited on C60 substrates, and their electronic and chemical stabilities were investigated in terms of their charge state and chemical reactivity against oxygen exposures. In comparison to alkali-like Ta@Si16, the extent of charge transfer to the C60 substrate is approximately doubled, while the oxidative reactivity is subdued for MVI@Si16 on C60, especially for W@Si16. The results show that a divalent state of MVI@Si162+ appears on the C60 substrate, which is consistently calculated to be a symmetrical cage structure of W@Si162+ in C3v, revealing insights into the "periodic law" of M@Si16 superatoms pertaining to the characteristics of alkaline earth metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Terasaka
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kamoshida
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Takumi Ichikawa
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Takaho Yokoyama
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shibuta
- Keio
Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences (KiPAS), Keio University, 3-14-1
Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Miho Hatanaka
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
- Keio
Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences (KiPAS), Keio University, 3-14-1
Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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3
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Inoue T, Hatanaka M, Nakajima A. Oxidative Activation of Small Aluminum Nanoclusters with Boron Atom Substitution prior to Completing the Endohedral B@Al 12- Superatom. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23088-23097. [PMID: 37792327 PMCID: PMC10603816 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Elemental substitution and doping validate the optimization of chemical and physical properties of functional materials, and the composition ratio of the substituting atoms generally determines their properties by changing their geometric and electronic structures. For atomically precise nanoclusters (NCs) consisting of countable atom aggregates, the composition can be controlled accurately to provide an ideal model to study the heteroatom substitution effects. Since aluminum (Al) and boron (B) both belong to group 13 in the periodic table, the effect of B atom substitution on Aln NCs can be investigated while maintaining the total number of valence electrons in AlnBm NCs. In this study, oxidative reactivities of small Al NCs with B atom substitution are studied for AlnBm NCs (m = 1, n = 6-14 and m = 2, n = 11) supported on organic surfaces by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and oxygen molecule (O2) exposure measurements. Before completing the endohedral B@Al12- superatomic NC, one B atom substitution in Al NCs (AlnB) enhances oxidative reactivities 3-20 times compared to those of Aln+1, particularly for n ≤ 11. When one Al atom of Al12B is further substituted by a B atom to form Al11B2, the reactivity drastically increases (6.6 × 102 times), showing that the B atom substitution makes the NC chemically active or inactive geometrically depending on the exohedral or endohedral site for the B atom in the Al NC. In addition, density functional theory calculations show that the electronegative B atom contributes to forming a locally positive Al site to facilitate O2 adsorption except in Al12B, in which the B atom is geometrically shielded by the surface of the Al12 cage in B@Al12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Inoue
- Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio
University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Miho Hatanaka
- Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio
University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio
University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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4
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Shibuta M, Nakajima A. Two-Photon Photoemission Spectroscopy and Microscopy for Electronic and Plasmonic Characterizations of Molecularly Designed Organic Surfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:3285-3295. [PMID: 36988100 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Functional surfaces decorated with organic molecules and/or nanoclusters (NCs) composed of several tens of atoms are promising for use in future photoelectronic substrates, whose functionalities are governed by molecular local electronic/plasmonic excitations at the interfaces. Here, we combine two-photon photoemission spectroscopy (2P-PES) and microscopy (2P-PEEM) to investigate the local excited-state dynamics at organic surfaces functionalized with NCs. The 2P-PES and 2P-PEEM for organic fullerene (C60) layers on graphite and Au substrates demonstrated photophysical characterization of electronic and plasmonic properties, including propagating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). The SPP propagation at the Au interface buried by overlayered C60 can be visualized by Agn NC deposition, which enhances plasmon-induced hot electrons, where the threshold number of Ag atoms (n ≥ 9) for the plasmonic response is revealed by the size dependence of 2P-PES for Agn NCs on C60 layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Shibuta
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
- Keio Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences (KiPAS), Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
- Keio Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences (KiPAS), Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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5
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Yokoyama T, Nakajima A. Bridging the gas and condensed phases for metal-atom encapsulating silicon- and germanium-cage superatoms: electrical properties of assembled superatoms. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:9738-9752. [PMID: 36947064 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00120b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
With the development of nanocluster (NC) synthesis methods in the gas phase, atomically precise NCs composed of a finite number of metal and semiconductor atoms have emerged. NCs are expected to be the smallest units for nanomaterials with various functions, such as catalysts, optoelectronic materials, and electromagnetic devices. The exploration of a stable NC called a magic number NC has revealed a couple of important factors, such as a highly symmetric geometric structure and an electronic shell closure, and a magic number behavior is often enhanced by mixing additional elements. A synergetic effect between geometric and electronic structures leads to the formation of chemically robust NC units called superatoms (SAs), which act as individual units assembled as thin films. The agglomeration of non-ligated bare SAs is desirable in fabricating the assembled SAs associated with intrinsic SA nature. The recent development of an intensive pulsed magnetron sputtering method opens up the scalable synthesis of SAs in the gas phase, enabling the fabrication of SA assembly coupled with the non-destructive deposition of a soft-landing technique. This perspective describes our recent progress in the investigation of the formation of binary cage SA (BCSA) assembled thin films composed of metal-atom encapsulating silicon-cage SAs (M@Si16) and germanium-cage SAs (M@Ge16), with a focus on their electrical properties associated with a conduction mechanism toward the development of new functional nanoscale materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaho Yokoyama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
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6
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Mass spectrometry in materials synthesis. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.117010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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7
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Atom hybridization of metallic elements: Emergence of subnano metallurgy for the post-nanotechnology. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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8
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Hu KJ, Yan W, Zhang M, Song F. Electrical devices designed based on inorganic clusters. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:502001. [PMID: 36063786 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac8f4e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The idea of exploring the bottom brink of material science has been carried out for more than two decades. Clusters science is the frontmost study of all nanoscale structures. Being an example of 0-dimensional quantum dot, nanocluster serves as the bridge between atomic and conventionally understood solid-state physics. The forming mechanism of clusters is found to be the mutual effects of electronic and geometric configuration. It is found that electronic shell structure influences the properties and geometric structure of the cluster until its size becomes larger, where electronic effects submerge in geometric structure. The discrete electronic structures depend on the size and conformation of clusters, which can be controlled artificially for potential device applications. Especially, small clusters with a size of 1-2 nm, whose electronic states are possibly discrete enough to overcome thermal fluctuations, are expected to build a single-electron transistor with room temperature operation. However, exciting as the progress may be seen, cluster science still falls within the territory of merely the extension of atomic and molecular science. Its production rate limits the scientific and potential application research of nanoclusters. It is suggested in this review that the mass-produce ability without losing the atomic precision selectivity would be the milestone for nanoclusters to advance to material science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Juei Hu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Weicheng Yan
- College of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 210023, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Minhao Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengqi Song
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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9
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Zhang C. Combined Experimental and Theoretical Investigation on Formation of Size-Controlled Silver Nanoclusters under Gas Phase. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12050282. [PMID: 35624583 PMCID: PMC9139024 DOI: 10.3390/bios12050282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Metallic nanoclusters (NCs) have been predicted to achieve the best Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) due to the controllable amount of atoms and structures in NCs. The Local Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) effect on silver metal NCs (Agn) enables it to be a promising candidate for manipulating the LSPR peak by controlling the size of NCs, which in turn demands a full understanding of the formation mechanism of Agn. Here, we apply an extended Smoluchowski rate equation coupled with a fragmentation scheme to investigate the growth of size-selected silver NCs generated via a modulated pulsed power magnetron sputtering (MPP-MSP). A temperature-dependent fragmentation coefficient D is proposed and integrated into the rate equations. The consistency between the computational and experimental results shows that in relative low peak power (Pp≤800 W), the recombination of cation and anion species are the dominant mechanism for NC growth. However, in the higher Pp region (≥800 W), the fragmentation mechanism becomes more impactful, leading to the formation of smaller NCs. The scanning electron microscopy observation shows the Ag36 is successfully soft-landed and immobilized on a strontium titanate crystal, which facilitates the application of the Agn/STO to the SERS research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuhang Zhang
- Physics Department, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, 318 Liuhe Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310008, China
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10
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Abstract
AbstractMany research works have demonstrated that the combination of atomically precise cluster deposition and theoretical calculations is able to address fundamental aspects of size-effects, cluster-support interactions, and reaction mechanisms of cluster materials. Although the wet chemistry method has been widely used to synthesize nanoparticles, the gas-phase synthesis and size-selected strategy was the only method to prepare supported metal clusters with precise numbers of atoms for a long time. However, the low throughput of the physical synthesis method has severely constrained its wider adoption for catalysis applications. In this review, we introduce the latest progress on three types of cluster source which have the most promising potential for scale-up, including sputtering gas aggregation source, pulsed microplasma cluster source, and matrix assembly cluster source. While the sputtering gas aggregation source is leading ahead with a production rate of ∼20 mg·h−1, the pulsed microplasma source has the smallest physical dimensions which makes it possible to compact multiple such devices into a small volume for multiplied production rate. The matrix assembly source has the shortest development history, but already show an impressive deposition rate of ~10 mg·h−1. At the end of the review, the possible routes for further throughput scale-up are envisaged.
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11
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Shibuta M, Yamamoto K, Ohta T, Inoue T, Mizoguchi K, Nakaya M, Eguchi T, Nakajima A. Confined Hot Electron Relaxation at the Molecular Heterointerface of the Size-Selected Plasmonic Noble Metal Nanocluster and Layered C 60. ACS NANO 2021; 15:1199-1209. [PMID: 33411503 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The plasmonic response of metallic nanostructures plays a key role in amplifying photocatalytic and photoelectric conversion. Since the plasmonic behavior of noble metal nanoparticles is known to generate energetic charge carriers such as hot electrons, it is expected that the hot electrons can enhance conversion efficiency if they are transferred into a neighboring molecule or semiconductor. However, the method of transferring the energized charge carriers from the plasmonically generated hot electrons to the neighboring species remains controversial. Herein, we fabricated a molecularly well-defined heterointerface between the size-selected plasmonic noble-metal nanoclusters (NCs) of Agn (n = 3-55)/Aun (n = 21) and the organic C60 film to investigate hot electron generation and relaxation dynamics using time-resolved two-photon photoemission (2PPE) spectroscopy. By tuning the NC size and the polarization of the femtosecond excitation photons, the plasmonic behavior is characterized by 2PPE intensity enhancement by 10-100 times magnitude, which emerge at n ≥ 9 for Agn NCs. The 2PPE spectra exhibit contributions from low-energy electrons forming coherent plasmonic currents and hot electrons with an excitation energy up to photon energy owing to two-photon excitation of an occupied state of the Agn NC below the Fermi level. The time-resolved pump-probe measurements demonstrate that plasmon dephasing generates hot electrons which undergo electron-electron scattering. However, no photoemission occurs via the charge transfer state forming Agn+C60- located in the vicinity of the Fermi level. Thus, this study reveals the mechanism of ultrafast confined hot electron relaxation within plasmonic Agn NCs at the molecular heterointerface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Shibuta
- Fachbereich Physik und Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Masato Nakaya
- Nakajima Designer Nanocluster Assembly Project, ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 3-2-1 Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki 213-0012, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Eguchi
- Nakajima Designer Nanocluster Assembly Project, ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 3-2-1 Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki 213-0012, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Nakajima Designer Nanocluster Assembly Project, ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 3-2-1 Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki 213-0012, Japan
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12
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Hirata N, Katsura Y, Gunji H, Tona M, Tsukamoto K, Eguchi M, Ando T, Nakajima A. Platinum nanocluster catalysts supported on Marimo carbon via scalable dry deposition synthesis. RSC Adv 2021; 11:39216-39222. [PMID: 35492459 PMCID: PMC9044432 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07717a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of efficient fuel cells greatly promotes reducing the consumption of fossil energy, and it is crucial to enhance the platinum (Pt) catalytic activity by optimizing both the nanoparticle size and support effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Hirata
- Ayabo Co., Ltd., 1 Hosogute, Fukukama-cho, Anjo, Aichi 446-0052, Japan
| | - Yui Katsura
- College of Engineering, Ibaraki University, 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Gunji
- College of Engineering, Ibaraki University, 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan
| | - Masahide Tona
- Ayabo Co., Ltd., 1 Hosogute, Fukukama-cho, Anjo, Aichi 446-0052, Japan
| | - Keizo Tsukamoto
- Ayabo Co., Ltd., 1 Hosogute, Fukukama-cho, Anjo, Aichi 446-0052, Japan
| | - Mika Eguchi
- College of Engineering, Ibaraki University, 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Ando
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
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13
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Rong H, Ji S, Zhang J, Wang D, Li Y. Synthetic strategies of supported atomic clusters for heterogeneous catalysis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5884. [PMID: 33208740 PMCID: PMC7674434 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19571-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Supported atomic clusters with uniform metal sites and definite low-nuclearity are intermediate states between single-atom catalysts (SACs) and nanoparticles in size. Benefiting from the presence of metal–metal bonds, supported atomic clusters can trigger synergistic effects among every metal atom, which contributes to achieving unique catalytic properties different from SACs and nanoparticles. However, the scalable and precise synthesis and atomic-level insights into the structure–properties relationship of supported atomic clusters is a great challenge. This perspective presents the latest progress of the synthesis of supported atomic clusters, highlights how the structure affects catalytic properties, and discusses the limitations as well as prospects. Supported atomic clusters with precise nuclearity are intermediate states between single-atom catalysts and nanoparticles in size. Here the authors summarize and discuss synthetic strategies of supported atomic clusters with unique catalytic properties for heterogeneous reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongpan Rong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction-Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shufang Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Jiatao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction-Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Dingsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Yadong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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14
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Su P, Hu H, Unsihuay D, Zhang D, Dainese T, Diaz RE, Lee J, Gunaratne DK, Wang H, Maran F, Mei J, Laskin J. Preparative Mass Spectrometry Using a Rotating‐Wall Mass Analyzer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Su
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Hang Hu
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Daisy Unsihuay
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Di Zhang
- School of Materials Engineering Purdue University 701 W. Stadium Avenue West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Tiziano Dainese
- Department of Chemistry University of Padova 1, Via Marzolo Padova 35131 Italy
| | - Rosa E. Diaz
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Discovery Park Purdue University 1205 W. State St. West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Jongsu Lee
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Don K. Gunaratne
- Physical Science Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88 Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Haiyan Wang
- School of Materials Engineering Purdue University 701 W. Stadium Avenue West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University 465 Northwestern Avenue West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Flavio Maran
- Department of Chemistry University of Padova 1, Via Marzolo Padova 35131 Italy
| | - Jianguo Mei
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Julia Laskin
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
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15
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Su P, Hu H, Unsihuay D, Zhang D, Dainese T, Diaz RE, Lee J, Gunaratne DK, Wang H, Maran F, Mei J, Laskin J. Preparative Mass Spectrometry Using a Rotating‐Wall Mass Analyzer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7711-7716. [PMID: 32109333 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Su
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Hang Hu
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Daisy Unsihuay
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Di Zhang
- School of Materials Engineering Purdue University 701 W. Stadium Avenue West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Tiziano Dainese
- Department of Chemistry University of Padova 1, Via Marzolo Padova 35131 Italy
| | - Rosa E. Diaz
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Discovery Park Purdue University 1205 W. State St. West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Jongsu Lee
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Don K. Gunaratne
- Physical Science Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88 Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Haiyan Wang
- School of Materials Engineering Purdue University 701 W. Stadium Avenue West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University 465 Northwestern Avenue West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Flavio Maran
- Department of Chemistry University of Padova 1, Via Marzolo Padova 35131 Italy
| | - Jianguo Mei
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Julia Laskin
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
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Tiefenthaler L, Ameixa J, Martini P, Albertini S, Ballauf L, Zankl M, Goulart M, Laimer F, von Haeften K, Zappa F, Scheier P. An intense source for cold cluster ions of a specific composition. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:033315. [PMID: 32260000 DOI: 10.1063/1.5133112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The demand for nanoscale materials of ultra-high purity and narrow size distribution is addressed. Clusters of Au, C60, H2O, and serine are produced inside helium nanodroplets using a combination of ionization, mass filtering, collisions with atomic or molecular vapor, and electrostatic extraction, in a specific and novel sequence. The helium droplets are produced in an expansion of cold helium gas through a nozzle into vacuum. The droplets are ionized by electron bombardment and subjected to a mass filter. The ionic and mass-selected helium droplets are then guided through a vacuum chamber filled with atomic or molecular vapor where they collide and "pick up" the vapor. The dopants then agglomerate inside the helium droplets around charge centers to singly charged clusters. Evaporation of the helium droplets is induced by collisions in a helium-filled radio frequency (RF)-hexapole, which liberates the cluster ions from the host droplets. The clusters are analyzed with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. It is demonstrated that using this sequence, the size distribution of the dopant cluster ions is distinctly narrower compared to ionization after pickup. Likewise, the ion cluster beam is more intense. The mass spectra show, as well, that ion clusters of the dopants can be produced with only few helium atoms attached, which will be important for messenger spectroscopy. All these findings are important for the scientific research of clusters and nanoscale materials in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tiefenthaler
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J Ameixa
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - P Martini
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S Albertini
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - L Ballauf
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Zankl
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Goulart
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - F Laimer
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - K von Haeften
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - F Zappa
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - P Scheier
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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17
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Yamagiwa K, Shibuta M, Nakajima A. Visualization of Surface Plasmons Propagating at the Buried Organic/Metal Interface with Silver Nanocluster Sensitizers. ACS NANO 2020; 14:2044-2052. [PMID: 31999096 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b08653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Visualization of surface plasmon polariton (SPP) propagation at dielectric/metal interfaces is indispensable in providing opportunities for the precise designing and controlling of the functionalities of future plasmonic nanodevices. Here, we report the visualization of SPPs propagating along the buried organic/metal interface of fullerene (C60)/Au(111), through dual-colored two-photon photoemission electron microscopy (2P-PEEM) which precisely visualizes the SPP propagation of plasmonic metal nanostructures. Although SPPs excited by near-infrared photons at the few monolayer C60/Au(111) interface are clearly visualized as interference beat patterns between the SPPs and incident light, faithfully reflecting SPP properties modulated by the overlayer, photoemission signals are suppressed for thicker C60 films, due to less valence electrons participating in 2P-photoemission processes. With the use of silver (Agn (n = 21 and 55)) nanoclusters, which exhibit enhancement of overall photoemission intensities due to localized surface plasmons functioning as SPP sensitizers, it is revealed that the 2P-PEEM is applicable to the imaging of SPPs for thick C60/Au(111) interfaces, where SPP properties are hardly modulated by the added small amount (∼0.1 monolayer) of Agn sensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Yamagiwa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology , Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi , Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522 , Japan
| | - Masahiro Shibuta
- Keio Institute of Pure and Applied Science (KiPAS) , Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi , Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522 , Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology , Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi , Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522 , Japan
- Keio Institute of Pure and Applied Science (KiPAS) , Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi , Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522 , Japan
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18
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Kono S, Arakawa M, Terasaki A. Analysis of Cluster Growth in Magnetron-sputtering Metal-cluster Source by Optical Emission Spectroscopy. CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.190727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kono
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masashi Arakawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Akira Terasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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19
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Imaoka T, Yamamoto K. Wet-Chemical Strategy for Atom-Precise Metal Cluster Catalysts. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20190008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takane Imaoka
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
- PRESTO-JST, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- ERATO Yamamoto Atom-Hybrid Project, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Kimihisa Yamamoto
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
- ERATO Yamamoto Atom-Hybrid Project, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
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20
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Su P, Hu H, Warneke J, Belov ME, Anderson GA, Laskin J. Design and Performance of a Dual-Polarity Instrument for Ion Soft Landing. Anal Chem 2019; 91:5904-5912. [PMID: 30999743 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Su
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Hang Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jonas Warneke
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnestr. 2, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Gordon A. Anderson
- GAA Custom Engineering, LLC, POB 335, Benton City, Washington 99320, United States
| | - Julia Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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21
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Mayoral A, Martínez L, García-Martín JM, Fernández-Martínez I, García-Hernández M, Galiana B, Ballesteros C, Huttel Y. Tuning the size, composition and structure of Au and Co 50Au 50 nanoparticles by high-power impulse magnetron sputtering in gas-phase synthesis. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:065606. [PMID: 30523845 PMCID: PMC6908450 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaf1fa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Gas-phase synthesis of nanoparticles with different structural and chemical distribution is reported using a circular magnetron sputtering in an ion cluster source by applying high-power impulses. The influence of the pulse characteristics on the final deposit was evaluated on Au nanoparticles. The results have been compared with the more common direct current approach. In addition, it is shown for the first time that high-power impulses in magnetron based gas aggregation sources allows the growth of binary nanoparticles, CoAu in this case, with a variety of crystalline and chemical arrangements which are analyzed at the atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mayoral
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragon (INA), Universidad de Zaragoza, c/Mariano Esquillor, Edificio I + D, E-50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - L Martínez
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), c/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - J M García-Martín
- IMN-Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología (CNM-CSIC), c/Isaac Newton, 8, E-28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - I Fernández-Martínez
- Nano4Energy SLNE, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales (ETSII-UPM), Instituto de Fusión Nuclear, c/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - M García-Hernández
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), c/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - B Galiana
- Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Departamento de Física, Av. Universidad 30, E-28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Ballesteros
- Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Departamento de Física, Av. Universidad 30, E-28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - Y Huttel
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), c/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
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22
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Laskin J, Johnson GE, Warneke J, Prabhakaran V. Von isolierten Ionen zu mehrschichtigen funktionellen Materialien durch sanfte Landung von Ionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201712296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Laskin
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Grant E. Johnson
- Physical Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Jonas Warneke
- Physical Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
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23
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Laskin J, Johnson GE, Warneke J, Prabhakaran V. From Isolated Ions to Multilayer Functional Materials Using Ion Soft Landing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:16270-16284. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201712296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Laskin
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Grant E. Johnson
- Physical Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Jonas Warneke
- Physical Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
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24
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Shibuta M, Kamoshida T, Ohta T, Tsunoyama H, Nakajima A. Oxidative reactivity of alkali-like superatoms of group 5 metal-encapsulating Si16 cage nanoclusters. Commun Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s42004-018-0052-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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25
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Tsunoyama H, Shibuta M, Nakaya M, Eguchi T, Nakajima A. Synthesis and Characterization of Metal-Encapsulating Si 16 Cage Superatoms. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:1735-1745. [PMID: 29715011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nanoclusters, aggregates of several to hundreds of atoms, have been one of the central issues of nanomaterials sciences owing to their unique structures and properties, which could be found neither in nanoparticles with several nanometer diameters nor in organometallic complexes. Along with the chemical nature of each element, properties of nanoclusters change dramatically with size parameters, making nanoclusters strong potential candidates for future tailor-made materials; these nanoclusters are expected to have attractive properties such as redox activity, catalysis, and magnetism. Alloying of nanoclusters additionally gives designer functionality by fine control of their electronic structures in addition to size parameters. Among binary nanoclusters, binary cage superatoms (BCSs) composed of transition metal (M) encapsulating silicon cages, M@Si16, have unique cage structures of 16 silicon atoms, which have not been found in elemental silicon nanoclusters, organosilicon compounds, and silicon based clathrates. The unique composition of these BCSs originates from the simultaneous satisfaction of geometric and electronic shell-closings in terms of cage geometry and valence electron filling, where a total of 68 valence electrons occupy the superatomic orbitals of (1S)2(1P)6(1D)10(1F)14(2S)2(1G)18(2P)6(2D)10 for M = group 4 elements in neutral ground state. The most important issue for M@Si16 BCSs is fine-tuning of their characters by replacement of the central metal atoms, M, based on one-by-one adjustment of valence electron counts in the same structure framework of Si16 cage; the replacement of M yields a series of M@Si16 BCSs, based on their superatomic characteristics. So far, despite these unique features probed in the gas-phase molecular beam and predicted by quantum chemical calculations, M@Si16 have not yet been isolated. In this Account, we have focused on recent advances in synthesis and characterizations of M@Si16 BCSs (M = Ti and Ta). A series of M@Si16 BCSs (M = groups 3 to 5) was found in gas-phase molecular beam experiments by photoelectron spectroscopy and mass spectrometry: formation of halogen-, rare-gas-, and alkali-like superatoms was identified through one-by-one tuning of number of total valence electrons. Toward future functional materials in the solid state, we have developed an intensive, size-selected nanocluster source based on high-power impulse magnetron sputtering coupled with a mass spectrometer and a soft-landing apparatus. With scanning probe microscopy and photoelectron spectroscopy, the structure of surface-immobilized BCSs has been elucidated; BCSs can be dispersed in an isolated form using C60 fullerene decoration of the substrate. The intensive nanocluster source also enables the synthesis of BCSs in the 100-mg scale by coupling with a direct liquid-embedded trapping method into organic dispersants, enabling their structure characterization as a highly symmetric "metal-encapsulating tetrahedral silicon-cage" (METS) structure with Frank-Kasper geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Tsunoyama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shibuta
- Keio Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences (KiPAS), Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Masato Nakaya
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Eguchi
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
- Keio Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences (KiPAS), Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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26
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Halder A, Curtiss LA, Fortunelli A, Vajda S. Perspective: Size selected clusters for catalysis and electrochemistry. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:110901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5020301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Avik Halder
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Larry A. Curtiss
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Alessandro Fortunelli
- CNR-ICCOM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Stefan Vajda
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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27
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Ohshimo K, Akimoto K, Ogawa M, Iwasaki W, Yamamoto H, Tona M, Tsukamoto K, Nakano M, Misaizu F. Correlation between Electronic Shell Structure and Inertness of Cun+ toward O2 Adsorption at n = 15, 21, 41, and 49. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:2927-2932. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keijiro Ohshimo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kengo Akimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Masato Ogawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Wataru Iwasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | | | - Masahide Tona
- Ayabo Corporation, 1 Hosogute, Fukamacho, Anjo 446-0052, Japan
| | - Keizo Tsukamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- Ayabo Corporation, 1 Hosogute, Fukamacho, Anjo 446-0052, Japan
| | - Motoyoshi Nakano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- Institute for Excellence in Higher Education, Tohoku University, 41 Kawauchi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8576, Japan
| | - Fuminori Misaizu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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28
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Tsunoyama H, Yamano Y, Zhang C, Komori M, Eguchi T, Nakajima A. Size-Effect on Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution Reaction by Single-Size Platinum Nanocluster Catalysts Immobilized on Strontium Titanate. Top Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-018-0884-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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29
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Shibuta M, Niikura T, Kamoshida T, Tsunoyama H, Nakajima A. Nitric oxide oxidation of a Ta encapsulating Si cage nanocluster superatom (Ta@Si16) deposited on an organic substrate; a Si cage collapse indicator. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:26273-26279. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05580g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Stepwise oxidative reaction of a Ta-encapsulating Si16 caged nanocluster superatom upon exposure to nitric oxide is investigated by monitoring N 1s core level signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Shibuta
- Keio Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences (KiPAS)
- Keio University
- 3-14-1, Hiyoshi
- Kohoku-ku
- Japan
| | - Toshiki Niikura
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku
- Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kamoshida
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku
- Japan
| | - Hironori Tsunoyama
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku
- Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Keio Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences (KiPAS)
- Keio University
- 3-14-1, Hiyoshi
- Kohoku-ku
- Japan
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30
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Tsunoyama H, Ito H, Komori M, Kobayashi R, Shibuta M, Eguchi T, Nakajima A. Liquid-phase catalysis by single-size palladium nanoclusters supported on strontium titanate: size-specific catalysts for Suzuki–Miyaura coupling. Catal Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cy01645c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Size-specific catalysis by single-size palladium nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Tsunoyama
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Haruchika Ito
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Masafumi Komori
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Ryota Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Masahiro Shibuta
- Keio Institute of Pure and Applied Science (KiPAS)
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Toyoaki Eguchi
- Nakajima Designer Nanocluster Assembly Project
- Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO)
- Japan Science and Technology Agency
- Kawasaki 213-0012
- Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
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31
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Ohshimo K, Mizuuchi I, Akimoto K, Tsukamoto K, Tona M, Yamamoto H, Nakano M, Misaizu F. Mass spectrometric study of N2-adsorption on copper cluster cations formed by modulated pulsed power magnetron sputtering in aggregation cell. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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Johnson GE, Moser T, Engelhard M, Browning ND, Laskin J. Fabrication of electrocatalytic Ta nanoparticles by reactive sputtering and ion soft landing. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:174701. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4966199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Grant E. Johnson
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P. O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Trevor Moser
- Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michigan 49931, USA
| | - Mark Engelhard
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P. O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Nigel D. Browning
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P. O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Julia Laskin
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P. O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
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33
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Oiko VTA, Mathieu T, Cao L, Liu J, Palmer RE. Note: Production of silver nanoclusters using a Matrix-Assembly Cluster Source with a solid CO2 matrix. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:166101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4966213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V. T. A. Oiko
- Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - T. Mathieu
- Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - L. Cao
- Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - J. Liu
- Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - R. E. Palmer
- Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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Palmer RE, Cao L, Yin F. Note: Proof of principle of a new type of cluster beam source with potential for scale-up. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:046103. [PMID: 27131719 DOI: 10.1063/1.4947229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a new type of cluster beam source based on the assembly of (metal) clusters within a condensed (rare gas) matrix. The "Matrix Assembly Cluster Source" employs an ion beam to enhance collisions between metal atoms in the matrix and to sputter out clusters to form a beam. We demonstrate the formation and deposition of gold and silver nanoclusters with mean size tunable from a few atoms to a few thousand atoms. The cluster flux is equivalent to a current nanoAmp regime but potentially scalable to milliAmps, which would open up a number of interesting experiments and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Palmer
- Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - L Cao
- Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - F Yin
- Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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Shibuta M, Ohta T, Nakaya M, Tsunoyama H, Eguchi T, Nakajima A. Chemical Characterization of an Alkali-Like Superatom Consisting of a Ta-Encapsulating Si16 Cage. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:14015-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b08035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Masato Nakaya
- Nakajima
Designer Nanocluster Assembly Project, JST-ERATO, 3-2-1 Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki 213-0012, Japan
| | - Hironori Tsunoyama
- Nakajima
Designer Nanocluster Assembly Project, JST-ERATO, 3-2-1 Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki 213-0012, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Eguchi
- Nakajima
Designer Nanocluster Assembly Project, JST-ERATO, 3-2-1 Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki 213-0012, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Nakajima
Designer Nanocluster Assembly Project, JST-ERATO, 3-2-1 Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki 213-0012, Japan
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Johnson GE, Colby R, Engelhard M, Moon D, Laskin J. Soft landing of bare PtRu nanoparticles for electrochemical reduction of oxygen. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:12379-91. [PMID: 26148814 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr03154k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Magnetron sputtering of two independent Pt and Ru targets coupled with inert gas aggregation in a modified commercial source has been combined with soft landing of mass-selected ions to prepare bare 4.5 nm diameter PtRu nanoparticles on glassy carbon electrodes with controlled size and morphology for electrochemical reduction of oxygen in solution. Employing atomic force microscopy (AFM) it is shown that the nanoparticles bind randomly to the glassy carbon electrode at a relatively low coverage of 7 × 10(4) ions μm(-2) and that their average height is centered at 4.5 nm. Scanning transmission electron microscopy images obtained in the high-angle annular dark field mode (HAADF-STEM) further confirm that the soft-landed PtRu nanoparticles are uniform in size. Wide-area scans of the electrodes using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) reveal the presence of both Pt and Ru in atomic concentrations of ∼9% and ∼33%, respectively. Deconvolution of the high energy resolution XPS spectra in the Pt 4f and Ru 3d regions indicates the presence of both oxidized Pt and Ru. The substantially higher loading of Ru compared to Pt and enrichment of Pt at the surface of the nanoparticles is confirmed by wide-area analysis of the electrodes using time-of-flight medium energy ion scattering (TOF-MEIS) employing both 80 keV He(+) and O(+) ions. The activity of electrodes containing 7 × 10(4) ions μm(-2) of bare 4.5 nm PtRu nanoparticles toward the electrochemical reduction of oxygen was evaluated employing cyclic voltammetry (CV) in 0.1 M HClO4 and 0.5 M H2SO4 solutions. In both electrolytes a pronounced reduction peak was observed during O2 purging of the solution that was not evident during purging with Ar. Repeated electrochemical cycling of the electrodes revealed little evolution in the shape or position of the voltammograms indicating high stability of the nanoparticles supported on glassy carbon. The reproducibility of the nanoparticle synthesis and deposition was evaluated by employing the same experimental parameters to prepare nanoparticles on glassy carbon electrodes on three occasions separated by several days. Surfaces with almost identical electrochemical behavior were observed with CV, demonstrating the highly reproducible preparation of bare nanoparticles using physical synthesis in the gas-phase combined with soft landing of mass-selected ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant E Johnson
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P. O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
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Johnson GE, Colby R, Laskin J. Soft landing of bare nanoparticles with controlled size, composition, and morphology. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:3491-3503. [PMID: 25626391 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr06758d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Physical synthesis employing magnetron sputtering and gas aggregation in a modified commercial source has been coupled with size-selection and ion soft landing to prepare bare nanoparticles on surfaces with controlled coverage, size, composition, and morphology. Employing atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it is demonstrated that the size and coverage of nanoparticles on flat and stepped surfaces may be controlled using a quadrupole mass filter and the length of deposition, respectively. AFM shows that nanoparticles bind randomly to flat surfaces when soft landed at relatively low coverage (4 × 10(4) ions μm(-2)). On stepped surfaces at intermediate coverage (4 × 10(5) ions μm(-2)) nanoparticles bind along step edges forming extended linear chains. At the highest coverage (2 × 10(6) ions μm(-2)) nanoparticles form a continuous film on flat surfaces. On one surface with sizable defects, the presence of localized imperfections results in agglomeration of nanoparticles onto these features and formation of neighboring zones devoid of particles. Employing high resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) the customized magnetron sputtering/gas aggregation source is demonstrated to produce bare single metal particles with controlled morphology as well as bimetallic alloy nanoparticles with defined core-shell structures of that are of interest to catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant E Johnson
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P. O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
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Nakaya M, Iwasa T, Tsunoyama H, Eguchi T, Nakajima A. Formation of a superatom monolayer using gas-phase-synthesized Ta@Si16 nanocluster ions. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:14702-14707. [PMID: 25286979 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr04211e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The controlled assembly of superatomic nanocluster ions synthesized in the gas phase is a key technology for constructing a novel series of functional nanomaterials. However, it is generally difficult to immobilize them onto a conductive surface while maintaining their original properties owing to undesirable modifications of their geometry and charge state. In this study, it has been shown that this difficulty can be overcome by controlling the donor-acceptor interaction between nanoclusters and surfaces. Cations of Ta-atom-encapsulated Si(16) cage nanoclusters (Ta@Si(16)) behaving as rare-gas-like superatoms are synthesized in the gas phase and deposited on conductive surfaces terminated with acceptor-like C(60) and donor-like α-sexithiophene (6 T) molecules. Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy have demonstrated that Ta@Si(16) cations can be densely immobilized onto C(60)-terminated surfaces while retaining their cage shape and positive charge, which is realized by creating binary charge transfer complexes (Ta@Si(16)(+)-C(60)(-)) on the surfaces. The Ta@Si(16) nanoclusters exhibit excellent thermal stability on C(60-)terminated surfaces similar to those in the gas phase, whereas the nanoclusters destabilize at room temperature on 6 T-terminated surfaces owing to the loss of electronic closure via a change in the charge state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Nakaya
- Nakajima Designer Nanocluster Assembly Project, ERATO, JST, KSP, 3-2-1 Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki 213-0012, Japan.
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