1
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Wiström E, Hyacinthe JN, Lê TP, Gruetter R, Capozzi A. 129Xe Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Demystified: The Influence of the Glassing Matrix on the Radical Properties. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:2957-2965. [PMID: 38453156 PMCID: PMC10961830 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
129Xe dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is a controversial topic. The gold standard technique for hyperpolarized xenon magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is spin exchange optical pumping, which received FDA approval in 2022. Nevertheless, the versatility of DNP for enhancing the signal of any NMR active nucleus might provide new perspectives for hyperpolarized 129Xe NMR/MRI. Initial publications about 129Xe DNP underlined the increased complexity in the sample preparation and lower polarization levels when compared to more conventional 13C-labeled molecules, at same experimental conditions, despite very close gyromagnetic ratios. Herein, we introduce, using a Custom Fluid Path system, a user-friendly and very robust sample preparation method. Moreover, investigating the radical properties at real DNP conditions by means of LOngitudinal Detected Electron Spin Resonance, we discovered a dramatic shortening of the electron spin longitudinal relaxation time (T1e) of nitroxyl radicals in xenon DNP samples' matrices, with respect to more commonly used water:glycerol ones. Mitigating those challenges through microwave frequency modulation, we achieved over 20% 129Xe polarization without employing any deuterated solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Wiström
- LIFMET,
Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Noël Hyacinthe
- LIFMET,
Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thanh Phong Lê
- LIFMET,
Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Gruetter
- LIFMET,
Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Capozzi
- LIFMET,
Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- HYPERMAG,
Department of Health Technology, Technical
University of Denmark, Building 349, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
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2
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Molway MJ, Bales-Shaffer L, Ranta K, Ball J, Sparling E, Prince M, Cocking D, Basler D, Murphy M, Kidd BE, Gafar AT, Porter J, Albin K, Rosen MS, Chekmenev EY, Michael Snow W, Barlow MJ, Goodson BM. Dramatic improvement in the "Bulk" hyperpolarization of 131Xe via spin exchange optical pumping probed using in situ low-field NMR. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2023; 354:107521. [PMID: 37487304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2023.107521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
We report on hyperpolarization of quadrupolar (I=3/2) 131Xe via spin-exchange optical pumping. Observations of the 131Xe polarization dynamics via in situ low-field NMR show that the estimated alkali-metal/131Xe spin-exchange rates can be large enough to compete with 131Xe spin relaxation. 131Xe polarization up to 7.6±1.5% was achieved in ∼8.5×1020 spins-a ∼100-fold improvement in the total spin angular momentum-potentially enabling various applications, including: measurement of spin-dependent neutron-131Xe s-wave scattering; sensitive searches for time-reversal violation in neutron-131Xe interactions beyond the Standard Model; and surface-sensitive pulmonary MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Molway
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale 62901, IL, USA
| | - Liana Bales-Shaffer
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale 62901, IL, USA
| | - Kaili Ranta
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale 62901, IL, USA
| | - James Ball
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Eleanor Sparling
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mia Prince
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Daniel Cocking
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Dustin Basler
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale 62901, IL, USA
| | - Megan Murphy
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale 62901, IL, USA
| | - Bryce E Kidd
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale 62901, IL, USA
| | - Abdulbasit Tobi Gafar
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale 62901, IL, USA
| | - Justin Porter
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale 62901, IL, USA
| | - Kierstyn Albin
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale 62901, IL, USA
| | - Matthew S Rosen
- A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston 02129, MA, USA; Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge 02138, MA, USA
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit 48202, MI, USA; Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - W Michael Snow
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Michael J Barlow
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Boyd M Goodson
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale 62901, IL, USA.
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3
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Stäglich R, Kemnitzer TW, Harder MC, Schmutzler A, Meinhart M, Keenan CD, Rössler EA, Senker J. Portable Hyperpolarized Xe-129 Apparatus with Long-Time Stable Polarization Mediated by Adaptable Rb Vapor Density. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:2578-2589. [PMID: 35420816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c00891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The extraordinary sensitivity of 129Xe, hyperpolarized by spin-exchange optical pumping, is essential for magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy in life and materials sciences. However, fluctuations of the polarization over time still limit the reproducibility and quantification with which the interconnectivity of pore spaces can be analyzed. Here, we present a polarizer that not only produces a continuous stream of hyperpolarized 129Xe but also maintains stable polarization levels on the order of hours, independent of gas flow rates. The polarizer features excellent magnetization production rates of about 70 mL/h and 129Xe polarization values on the order of 40% at moderate system pressures. Key design features include a vertically oriented, large-capacity two-bodied pumping cell and a separate Rb presaturation chamber having its own temperature control, independent of the main pumping cell oven. The separate presaturation chamber allows for precise control of the Rb vapor density by restricting the Rb load and varying the temperature. The polarizer is both compact and transportable─making it easily storable─and adaptable for use in various sample environments. Time-evolved two-dimensional (2D) exchange spectra of 129Xe absorbed in the microporous metal-organic framework CAU-1-AmMe are presented to highlight the quantitative nature of the device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Stäglich
- Inorganic Chemistry III and Northern Bavarian NMR Centre, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Tobias W Kemnitzer
- Inorganic Chemistry III and Northern Bavarian NMR Centre, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Marie C Harder
- Inorganic Chemistry III and Northern Bavarian NMR Centre, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Adrian Schmutzler
- Inorganic Chemistry III and Northern Bavarian NMR Centre, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Marcel Meinhart
- Inorganic Chemistry III and Northern Bavarian NMR Centre, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Caroline D Keenan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Carson-Newman University, 1645 Russel Avenue, Jefferson City, Tennessee 37760, United States
| | - Ernst A Rössler
- Inorganic Chemistry III and Northern Bavarian NMR Centre, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Jürgen Senker
- Inorganic Chemistry III and Northern Bavarian NMR Centre, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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4
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Pilot Quality-Assurance Study of a Third-Generation Batch-Mode Clinical-Scale Automated Xenon-129 Hyperpolarizer. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041327. [PMID: 35209116 PMCID: PMC8879294 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present a pilot quality assurance (QA) study of a clinical-scale, automated, third-generation (GEN-3) 129Xe hyperpolarizer employing batch-mode spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP) with high-Xe densities (50% natural abundance Xe and 50% N2 in ~2.6 atm total pressure sourced from Nova Gas Technologies) and rapid temperature ramping enabled by an aluminum heating jacket surrounding the 0.5 L SEOP cell. 129Xe hyperpolarization was performed over the course of 700 gas loading cycles of the SEOP cell, simulating long-term hyperpolarized contrast agent production in a clinical lung imaging setting. High levels of 129Xe polarization (avg. %PXe = 51.0% with standard deviation σPXe = 3.0%) were recorded with fast 129Xe polarization build-up time constants (avg. Tb = 25.1 min with standard deviation σTb = 3.1 min) across the first 500 SEOP cell refills, using moderate temperatures of 75 °C. These results demonstrate a more than 2-fold increase in build-up rate relative to previously demonstrated results in a comparable QA study on a second-generation (GEN-2) 129Xe hyperpolarizer device, with only a minor reduction in maximum achievable %PXe and with greater consistency over a larger number of SEOP cell refill processes at a similar polarization lifetime duration (avg. T1 = 82.4 min, standard deviation σT1 = 10.8 min). Additionally, the effects of varying SEOP jacket temperatures, distribution of Rb metal, and preparation and operation of the fluid path are quantified in the context of device installation, performance optimization and maintenance to consistently produce high 129Xe polarization values, build-up rates (Tb as low as 6 min) and lifetimes over the course of a typical high-throughput 129Xe polarization SEOP cell life cycle. The results presented further demonstrate the significant potential for hyperpolarized 129Xe contrast agent in imaging and bio-sensing applications on a clinical scale.
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5
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Khan AS, Harvey RL, Birchall JR, Irwin RK, Nikolaou P, Schrank G, Emami K, Dummer A, Barlow MJ, Goodson BM, Chekmenev EY. Enabling Clinical Technologies for Hyperpolarized 129 Xenon Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:22126-22147. [PMID: 34018297 PMCID: PMC8478785 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Hyperpolarization is a technique that can increase nuclear spin polarization with the corresponding gains in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals by 4-8 orders of magnitude. When this process is applied to biologically relevant samples, the hyperpolarized molecules can be used as exogenous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. A technique called spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP) can be applied to hyperpolarize noble gases such as 129 Xe. Techniques based on hyperpolarized 129 Xe are poised to revolutionize clinical lung imaging, offering a non-ionizing, high-contrast alternative to computed tomography (CT) imaging and conventional proton MRI. Moreover, CT and conventional proton MRI report on lung tissue structure but provide little functional information. On the other hand, when a subject breathes hyperpolarized 129 Xe gas, functional lung images reporting on lung ventilation, perfusion and diffusion with 3D readout can be obtained in seconds. In this Review, the physics of SEOP is discussed and the different production modalities are explained in the context of their clinical application. We also briefly compare SEOP to other hyperpolarization methods and conclude this paper with the outlook for biomedical applications of hyperpolarized 129 Xe to lung imaging and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alixander S Khan
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Rebecca L Harvey
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Jonathan R Birchall
- Intergrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Robert K Irwin
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | | | - Geoffry Schrank
- Northrup Grumman Space Systems, 45101 Warp Drive, Sterling, VA, 20166, USA
| | | | | | - Michael J Barlow
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Boyd M Goodson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
- Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Intergrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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6
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Khan AS, Harvey RL, Birchall JR, Irwin RK, Nikolaou P, Schrank G, Emami K, Dummer A, Barlow MJ, Goodson BM, Chekmenev EY. Enabling Clinical Technologies for Hyperpolarized
129
Xenon Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202015200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alixander S. Khan
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Rebecca L. Harvey
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Jonathan R. Birchall
- Intergrative Biosciences (Ibio) Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI) 5101 Cass Avenue Detroit MI 48202 USA
| | - Robert K. Irwin
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | | | - Geoffry Schrank
- Northrup Grumman Space Systems 45101 Warp Drive Sterling VA 20166 USA
| | | | | | - Michael J. Barlow
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Boyd M. Goodson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Southern Illinois University 1245 Lincoln Drive Carbondale IL 62901 USA
- Materials Technology Center Southern Illinois University 1245 Lincoln Drive Carbondale IL 62901 USA
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Intergrative Biosciences (Ibio) Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI) 5101 Cass Avenue Detroit MI 48202 USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences Leninskiy Prospekt 14 Moscow 119991 Russia
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7
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Birchall JR, Irwin RK, Chowdhury MRH, Nikolaou P, Goodson BM, Barlow MJ, Shcherbakov A, Chekmenev EY. Automated Low-Cost In Situ IR and NMR Spectroscopy Characterization of Clinical-Scale 129Xe Spin-Exchange Optical Pumping. Anal Chem 2021; 93:3883-3888. [PMID: 33591160 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present on the utility of in situ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic techniques for automated advanced analysis of the 129Xe hyperpolarization process during spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP). The developed software protocol, written in the MATLAB programming language, facilitates detailed characterization of hyperpolarized contrast agent production efficiency based on determination of key performance indicators, including the maximum achievable 129Xe polarization, steady-state Rb-129Xe spin-exchange and 129Xe polarization build-up rates, 129Xe spin-relaxation rates, and estimates of steady-state Rb electron polarization. Mapping the dynamics of 129Xe polarization and relaxation as a function of SEOP temperature enables systematic optimization of the batch-mode SEOP process. The automated analysis of a typical experimental data set, encompassing ∼300 raw NMR and NIR spectra combined across six different SEOP temperatures, can be performed in under 5 min on a laptop computer. The protocol is designed to be robust in operation on any batch-mode SEOP hyperpolarizer device. In particular, we demonstrate the implementation of a combination of low-cost NIR and low-frequency NMR spectrometers (∼$1,100 and ∼$300 respectively, ca. 2020) for use in the described protocols. The demonstrated methodology will aid in the characterization of NMR hyperpolarization hardware in the context of SEOP and other hyperpolarization techniques for more robust and less expensive clinical production of HP 129Xe and other contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Birchall
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Robert K Irwin
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Md Raduanul H Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | | | | | - Michael J Barlow
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Anton Shcherbakov
- Smart-A, Perm, Perm Region 614000, Russia.,Custom Medical Systems (CMS) LTD, Nicosia 2312, Cyprus
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States.,Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow 119991, Russia
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8
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Lee WT, Zheng G, Talbot CL, Tong X, D'Adam T, Parnell SR, de Veer M, Jenkin G, Polglase GR, Hooper SB, Thompson BR, Thien F, Egan GF. Hyperpolarised gas filling station for medical imaging using polarised 129Xe and 3He. Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 79:112-120. [PMID: 33600894 PMCID: PMC7882919 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We report the design, construction, and initial tests of a hyperpolariser to produce polarised 129Xe and 3He gas for medical imaging of the lung. The hyperpolariser uses the Spin-Exchange Optical Pumping method to polarise the nuclear spins of the isotopic gas. Batch mode operation was chosen for the design to produce polarised 129Xe and polarised 3He. Two-side pumping, electrical heating and a piston to transfer the polarised gas were some of the implemented techniques that are not commonly used in hyperpolariser designs. We have carried out magnetic resonance imaging experiments demonstrating that the 3He and 129Xe polarisation reached were sufficient for imaging, in particular for in vivo lung imaging using 129Xe. Further improvements to the hyperpolariser have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Tung Lee
- Australia Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia.
| | - Gang Zheng
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Cavin L Talbot
- University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Xin Tong
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, 523803, China; Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tim D'Adam
- Australia Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Steven R Parnell
- Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Michael de Veer
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Graham Jenkin
- The Ritchie Centre, Monash University and Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Graeme R Polglase
- The Ritchie Centre, Monash University and Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Stuart B Hooper
- The Ritchie Centre, Monash University and Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Bruce R Thompson
- Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorne, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Francis Thien
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Gary F Egan
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
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9
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Birchall JR, Irwin RK, Nikolaou P, Coffey AM, Kidd BE, Murphy M, Molway M, Bales LB, Ranta K, Barlow MJ, Goodson BM, Rosen MS, Chekmenev EY. XeUS: A second-generation automated open-source batch-mode clinical-scale hyperpolarizer. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2020; 319:106813. [PMID: 32932118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2020.106813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a second-generation open-source automated batch-mode 129Xe hyperpolarizer (XeUS GEN-2), designed for clinical-scale hyperpolarized (HP) 129Xe production via spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP) in the regimes of high Xe density (0.66-2.5 atm partial pressure) and resonant photon flux (~170 W, Δλ = 0.154 nm FWHM), without the need for cryo-collection typically employed by continuous-flow hyperpolarizers. An Arduino micro-controller was used for hyperpolarizer operation. Processing open-source software was employed to program a custom graphical user interface (GUI), capable of remote automation. The Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) was used to design a variety of customized automation sequences such as temperature ramping, NMR signal acquisition, and SEOP cell refilling for increased reliability. A polycarbonate 3D-printed oven equipped with a thermo-electric cooler/heater provides thermal stability for SEOP for both binary (Xe/N2) and ternary (4He-containing) SEOP cell gas mixtures. Quantitative studies of the 129Xe hyperpolarization process demonstrate that near-unity polarization can be achieved in a 0.5 L SEOP cell. For example, %PXe of 93.2 ± 2.9% is achieved at 0.66 atm Xe pressure with polarization build-up rate constant γSEOP = 0.040 ± 0.005 min-1, giving a max dose equivalent ≈ 0.11 L/h 100% hyperpolarized, 100% enriched 129Xe; %PXe of 72.6 ± 1.4% is achieved at 1.75 atm Xe pressure with γSEOP of 0.041 ± 0.001 min-1, yielding a corresponding max dose equivalent of 0.27 L/h. Quality assurance studies on this device have demonstrated the potential to refill SEOP cells hundreds of times without significant losses in performance, with average %PXe = 71.7%, (standard deviation σP = 1.52%) and mean polarization lifetime T1 = 90.5 min, (standard deviation σT = 10.3 min) over the first ~200 gas mixture refills, with sufficient performance maintained across a further ~700 refills. These findings highlight numerous technological developments and have significant translational relevance for efficient production of gaseous HP 129Xe contrast agents for use in clinical imaging and bio-sensing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Birchall
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - Robert K Irwin
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | | | - Aaron M Coffey
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Bryce E Kidd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States
| | - Megan Murphy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States
| | - Michael Molway
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States
| | - Liana B Bales
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States
| | - Kaili Ranta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States
| | - Michael J Barlow
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Boyd M Goodson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States; Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States
| | - Matthew S Rosen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, United States; Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, MI 48202, United States; Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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10
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Birchall JR, Irwin RK, Nikolaou P, Pokochueva EV, Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV, Barlow MJ, Goodson BM, Chekmenev EY. Pilot multi-site quality assurance study of batch-mode clinical-scale automated xenon-129 hyperpolarizers. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2020; 316:106755. [PMID: 32512397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2020.106755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a pilot quality assurance (QA) study of spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP) performed on two nearly identical second-generation (GEN-2) automated batch-mode clinical-scale 129Xe hyperpolarizers, each utilizing a convective forced air oven, high-power (~170 W) continuous pump laser irradiation, and xenon-rich gas mixtures (~1.30 atm partial pressure). In one study, the repeatability of SEOP in a 1000 Torr Xe/900 Torr N2/100 Torr 4He (2000 Torr total pressure) gas mixture is evaluated over the course of ~700 gas loading cycles, with negligible decrease in performance during the first ~200 cycles, and with high 129Xe polarization levels (avg. %PXe = 71.7% with standard deviation σPXe = 1.5%), build-up rates (avg. γSEOP = 0.019 min-1 with standard deviation σγ = 0.003 min-1) and polarization lifetimes (avg. T1 = 90.5 min with standard deviation σT = 10.3 min) reported at moderate oven temperature of ~70 °C. Although the SEOP cell in this study exhibited a detectable performance decrease after 400 cycles, the cell continued to produce potentially useable HP 129Xe with %PXe = 42.3 ± 0.6% even after nearly 700 refill cycles. The possibility of "regenerating" "dormant" (i.e., not used for an extended period of time) SEOP cells using repeated temperature cycling methods to recover %PXe is also demonstrated. The quality and consistency of results show significant promise for translation to clinical-scale production of hyperpolarized 129Xe contrast agents for imaging and bio-sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Birchall
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, MI 48202, United States.
| | - Robert K Irwin
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ekaterina V Pokochueva
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Institutskaya Street 3A, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Kirill V Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Institutskaya Street 3A, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Institutskaya Street 3A, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Michael J Barlow
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Boyd M Goodson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States; Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, MI 48202, United States; Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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11
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Birchall JR, Nikolaou P, Irwin RK, Barlow MJ, Ranta K, Coffey AM, Goodson BM, Pokochueva EV, Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV, Chekmenev EY. Helium-rich mixtures for improved batch-mode clinical-scale spin-exchange optical pumping of Xenon-129. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2020; 315:106739. [PMID: 32408239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2020.106739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present studies of spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP) using ternary xenon-nitrogen-helium gas mixtures at high xenon partial pressures (up to 1330 Torr partial pressure at loading, out of 2660 Torr total pressure) in a 500-mL volume SEOP cell, using two automated batch-mode clinical-scale 129Xe hyperpolarizers operating under continuous high-power (~170 W) pump laser irradiation. In this pilot study, we explore SEOP in gas mixtures with up to 45% 4He content under a wide range of experimental conditions. When an aluminum jacket cooling/heating design was employed (GEN-3 hyperpolarizer), 129Xe polarization (%PXe) of 55.9 ± 0.9% was observed with mono-exponential build-up rate γSEOP of 0.049 ± 0.001 min-1 for the 4He-rich mixture (1000 Torr Xe/900 Torr He, 100 Torr N2), compared to %PXe of 49.3 ± 3.3% at γSEOP of 0.035 ± 0.004 min-1 for the N2-rich gas mixture (1000 Torr Xe/100 Torr He, 900 Torr N2). When forced-air cooling/heating was used (GEN-2 hyperpolarizer), %PXe of 83.9 ± 2.7% was observed at γSEOP of 0.045 ± 0.005 min-1 for the 4He-rich mixture (1000 Torr Xe/900 Torr He, 100 Torr N2), compared to %PXe of 73.5 ± 1.3% at γSEOP of 0.028 ± 0.001 min-1 for the N2-rich gas mixture (1000 Torr Xe and 1000 Torr N2). Additionally, %PXe of 72.6 ± 1.4% was observed at a build-up rate γSEOP of 0.041 ± 0.003 min-1 for a super-high-density 4He-rich mixture (1330 Torr Xe/1200 Torr 4He/130 Torr N2), compared to %PXe = 56.6 ± 1.3% at a build-up rate of γSEOP of 0.034 ± 0.002 min-1 for an N2-rich mixture (1330 Torr Xe/1330 Torr N2) using forced air cooling/heating. The observed SEOP hyperpolarization performance under these conditions corresponds to %PXe improvement by a factor of 1.14 ± 0.04 at 1000 Torr Xe density and by up to a factor of 1.28 ± 0.04 at 1330 Torr Xe density at improved SEOP build-up rates by factors of 1.61 ± 0.18 and 1.21 ± 0.11 respectively. Record %PXe levels have been obtained here: 83.9 ± 2.7% at 1000 Torr Xe partial pressure and 72.6 ± 1.4% at 1330 Torr Xe partial pressure. In addition to improved thermal stability for SEOP, the use of 4He-rich gas mixtures also reduces the overall density of produced inhalable HP contrast agents; this property may be desirable for HP 129Xe inhalation by human subjects in clinical settings-especially in populations with heavily impaired lung function. The described approach should enjoy ready application in the production of inhalable 129Xe contrast agent with near-unity 129Xe nuclear spin polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Birchall
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | | | - Robert K Irwin
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Barlow
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Kaili Ranta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States
| | - Aaron M Coffey
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), 1161 21st Ave South, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Boyd M Goodson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States; Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States
| | - Ekaterina V Pokochueva
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Institutskaya Street 3A, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Kirill V Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Institutskaya Street 3A, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Institutskaya Street 3A, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, MI 48202, United States; Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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12
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Birchall JR, Nikolaou P, Coffey AM, Kidd BE, Murphy M, Molway M, Bales LB, Goodson BM, Irwin RK, Barlow MJ, Chekmenev EY. Batch-Mode Clinical-Scale Optical Hyperpolarization of Xenon-129 Using an Aluminum Jacket with Rapid Temperature Ramping. Anal Chem 2020; 92:4309-4316. [PMID: 32073251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We present spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP) using a third-generation (GEN-3) automated batch-mode clinical-scale 129Xe hyperpolarizer utilizing continuous high-power (∼170 W) pump laser irradiation and a novel aluminum jacket design for rapid temperature ramping of xenon-rich gas mixtures (up to 2 atm partial pressure). The aluminum jacket design is capable of heating SEOP cells from ambient temperature (typically 25 °C) to 70 °C (temperature of the SEOP process) in 4 min, and perform cooling of the cell to the temperature at which the hyperpolarized gas mixture can be released from the hyperpolarizer (with negligible amounts of Rb metal leaving the cell) in approximately 4 min, substantially faster (by a factor of 6) than previous hyperpolarizer designs relying on air heat exchange. These reductions in temperature cycling time will likely be highly advantageous for the overall increase of production rates of batch-mode (i.e., stopped-flow) 129Xe hyperpolarizers, which is particularly beneficial for clinical applications. The additional advantage of the presented design is significantly improved thermal management of the SEOP cell. Accompanying the heating jacket design and performance, we also evaluate the repeatability of SEOP experiments conducted using this new architecture, and present typically achievable hyperpolarization levels exceeding 40% at exponential build-up rates on the order of 0.1 min-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Birchall
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | | | - Aaron M Coffey
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Robert K Irwin
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Barlow
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States.,Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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13
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Skinner JG, Ranta K, Whiting N, Coffey AM, Nikolaou P, Rosen MS, Chekmenev EY, Morris PG, Barlow MJ, Goodson BM. High Xe density, high photon flux, stopped-flow spin-exchange optical pumping: Simulations versus experiments. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2020; 312:106686. [PMID: 32006793 PMCID: PMC7436892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2020.106686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP) can enhance the NMR sensitivity of noble gases by up to five orders of magnitude at Tesla-strength magnetic fields. SEOP-generated hyperpolarised (HP) 129Xe is a promising contrast agent for lung imaging but an ongoing barrier to widespread clinical usage has been economical production of sufficient quantities with high 129Xe polarisation. Here, the 'standard model' of SEOP, which was previously used in the optimisation of continuous-flow 129Xe polarisers, is modified for validation against two Xe-rich stopped-flow SEOP datasets. We use this model to examine ways to increase HP Xe production efficiency in stopped-flow 129Xe polarisers and provide further insight into the underlying physics of Xe-rich stopped-flow SEOP at high laser fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason G Skinner
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Kaili Ranta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Nicholas Whiting
- Department of Physics & Astronomy and Department of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Aaron M Coffey
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | | | - Matthew S Rosen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, 119991 Moscow, Russia; Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, MI, 48202, United States
| | - Peter G Morris
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Michael J Barlow
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Boyd M Goodson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA.
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14
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Salnikov OG, Nikolaou P, Ariyasingha NM, Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV, Chekmenev EY. Clinical-Scale Batch-Mode Production of Hyperpolarized Propane Gas for MRI. Anal Chem 2019; 91:4741-4746. [PMID: 30855132 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy and imaging (MRI) are two of the most important methods to study structure, function, and dynamics from atom to organism scale. NMR approaches often suffer from an insufficient sensitivity, which, however, can be transiently boosted using hyperpolarization techniques. One of these techniques is parahydrogen-induced polarization, which has been used to produce catalyst-free hyperpolarized propane gas with proton polarization that is 3 orders of magnitude greater than equilibrium thermal polarization at a 1.5 T field of a clinical MRI scanner. Here we show that more than 0.3 L of hyperpolarized propane gas can be produced in 2 s. This production rate is more than an order of magnitude greater than that demonstrated previously, and the reported production rate is comparable to that employed for in-human MRI using HP noble gas (e.g., 129Xe) produced via a spin exchange optical pumping (SEOP) hyperpolarization technique. We show that high polarization values can be retained despite the significant increase in the production rate of hyperpolarized propane. The enhanced signals of produced hyperpolarized propane gas were revealed by stopped-flow MRI visualization at 4.7 T. Achieving this high production rate enables the future use of this compound (already approved for unlimited use in foods by the corresponding regulating agencies, e.g., FDA in the USA, and more broadly as an E944 food additive) as a new inhalable contrast agent for diagnostic detection via MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg G Salnikov
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS , 3A Institutskaya St. , Novosibirsk 630090 , Russia.,Novosibirsk State University , 2 Pirogova St. , Novosibirsk 630090 , Russia
| | - Panayiotis Nikolaou
- Department of Radiology , Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS) , Nashville , Tennessee 37232-2310 , United States
| | - Nuwandi M Ariyasingha
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio) , Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI) , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Kirill V Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS , 3A Institutskaya St. , Novosibirsk 630090 , Russia.,Novosibirsk State University , 2 Pirogova St. , Novosibirsk 630090 , Russia
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS , 3A Institutskaya St. , Novosibirsk 630090 , Russia.,Novosibirsk State University , 2 Pirogova St. , Novosibirsk 630090 , Russia
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio) , Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI) , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States.,Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninskiy Prospekt 14 , Moscow 119991 , Russia
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15
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Salnikov OG, Kovtunov KV, Nikolaou P, Kovtunova LM, Bukhtiyarov VI, Koptyug IV, Chekmenev EY. Heterogeneous Parahydrogen Pairwise Addition to Cyclopropane. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:2621-2626. [PMID: 30039565 PMCID: PMC6197887 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized gases revolutionize functional pulmonary imaging. Hyperpolarized propane is a promising emerging contrast agent for pulmonary MRI. Unlike hyperpolarized noble gases, proton-hyperpolarized propane gas can be imaged using conventional MRI scanners with proton imaging capability. Moreover, it is non-toxic odorless anesthetic. Furthermore, propane hyperpolarization can be accomplished by pairwise addition of parahydrogen to propylene. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of propane hyperpolarization via hydrogenation of cyclopropane with parahydrogen. 1 H propane polarization up to 2.4 % is demonstrated here using 82 % parahydrogen enrichment and heterogeneous Rh/TiO2 hydrogenation catalyst. This level of polarization is several times greater than that obtained with propylene as a precursor under the same conditions despite the fact that direct pairwise addition of parahydrogen to cyclopropane may also lead to formation of propane with NMR-invisible hyperpolarization due to magnetic equivalence of nascent parahydrogen protons in two CH3 groups. NMR-visible hyperpolarized propane demonstrated here can be formed only via a reaction pathway involving cleavage of at least one C-H bond in the reactant molecule. The resulting NMR signal enhancement of hyperpolarized propane was sufficient for 2D gradient echo MRI of ∼5.5 mL phantom with 1×1 mm2 spatial resolution and 64×64 imaging matrix despite relatively low chemical conversion of cyclopropane substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg G. Salnikov
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya st., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia,
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Kirill V. Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya st., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia,
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Panayiotis Nikolaou
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States
| | - Larisa M. Kovtunova
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev pr., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Valerii I. Bukhtiyarov
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev pr., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya st., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia,
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences, 14 Leninskiy prospect, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, MI 48202, United States,
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16
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Theis T, Ariyasingha NM, Shchepin RV, Lindale J, Warren WS, Chekmenev EY. Quasi-Resonance Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:6136-6142. [PMID: 30284835 PMCID: PMC6247415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Here we present the feasibility of NMR signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) using radio frequency irradiation at low magnetic field (0.05 T) in the regime where the chemical shifts of free and catalyst-bound species are similar. In SABRE, the 15N-containing substrate and parahydrogen perform simultaneous chemical exchange on an iridium hexacoordinate complex. A shaped spin-lock induced crossing (SLIC) radio frequency pulse sequence followed by a delay is applied at quasi-resonance (QUASR) conditions of 15N spins of a 15N-enriched substrate. As a result of this pulse sequence application, 15N z-magnetization is created from the spin order of parahydrogen-derived hyperpolarized hydrides. The repetition of the pulse sequence block consisting of a shaped radio frequency pulse and the delay leads to the buildup of 15N magnetization. The modulation of this effect by the irradiation frequency, pulse duration and amplitude, delay duration, and number of pumping cycles was demonstrated. Pyridine-15N, acetonitrile-15N, and metronidazole-15N2-13C2 substrates were studied representing three classes of compounds (five- and six-membered heterocycles and nitrile), showing the wide applicability of the technique. Metronidazole-15N2-13C2 is an FDA-approved antibiotic that can be injected in large quantities, promising noninvasive and accurate hypoxia sensing. The 15N hyperpolarization levels attained with QUASR-SABRE on metronidazole-15N2-13C2 were more than 2-fold greater than those with SABRE-SHEATH (SABRE in shield enables alignment transfer to heteronuclei), demonstrating that QUASR-SABRE can deliver significantly more efficient means of SABRE hyperpolarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-8204, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, United States
| | - Nuwandi M. Ariyasingha
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, Michigan, 48202, United States
| | - Roman V. Shchepin
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232-2310, United States
| | - Jacob Lindale
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, United States
| | - Warren S. Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, United States
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, Michigan, 48202, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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17
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Coffey AM, Shchepin RV, Feng B, Colon RD, Wilkens K, Waddell KW, Chekmenev EY. A pulse programmable parahydrogen polarizer using a tunable electromagnet and dual channel NMR spectrometer. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2017; 284:115-124. [PMID: 29028543 PMCID: PMC5708540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Applications of parahydrogen induced polarization (PHIP) often warrant conversion of the chemically-synthesized singlet-state spin order into net heteronuclear magnetization. In order to obtain optimal yields from the overall hyperpolarization process, catalytic hydrogenation must be tightly synchronized to subsequent radiofrequency (RF) transformations of spin order. Commercial NMR consoles are designed to synchronize applied waves on multiple channels and consequently are well-suited as controllers for these types of hyperpolarization experiments that require tight coordination of RF and non-RF events. Described here is a PHIP instrument interfaced to a portable NMR console operating with a static field electromagnet in the milliTesla regime. In addition to providing comprehensive control over chemistry and RF events, this setup condenses the PHIP protocol into a pulse-program that in turn can be readily shared in the manner of traditional pulse sequences. In this device, a TTL multiplexer was constructed to convert spectrometer TTL outputs into 24 VDC signals. These signals then activated solenoid valves to control chemical shuttling and reactivity in PHIP experiments. Consolidating these steps in a pulse-programming environment speeded calibration and improved quality assurance by enabling the B0/B1 fields to be tuned based on the direct acquisition of thermally polarized and hyperpolarized NMR signals. Performance was tested on the parahydrogen addition product of 2-hydroxyethyl propionate-1-13C-d3, where the 13C polarization was estimated to be P13C=20±2.5% corresponding to 13C signal enhancement approximately 25 million-fold at 9.1 mT or approximately 77,000-fold 13C enhancement at 3 T with respect to thermally induced polarization at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Coffey
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States
| | - Roman V Shchepin
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States
| | - Bibo Feng
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States
| | - Raul D Colon
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States
| | - Ken Wilkens
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States
| | - Kevin W Waddell
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States; Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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18
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Coffey AM, Feldman MA, Shchepin RV, Barskiy DA, Truong ML, Pham W, Chekmenev EY. High-resolution hyperpolarized in vivo metabolic 13C spectroscopy at low magnetic field (48.7mT) following murine tail-vein injection. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2017; 281:246-252. [PMID: 28651245 PMCID: PMC5544012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution 13C NMR spectroscopy of hyperpolarized succinate-1-13C-2,3-d2 is reported in vitro and in vivo using a clinical-scale, biplanar (80cm-gap) 48.7mT permanent magnet with a high homogeneity magnetic field. Non-localized 13C NMR spectra were recorded at 0.52MHz resonance frequency over the torso of a tumor-bearing mouse every 2s. Hyperpolarized 13C NMR signals with linewidths of ∼3Hz (corresponding to ∼6ppm) were recorded in vitro (2mL in a syringe) and in vivo (over a mouse torso). Comparison of the full width at half maximum (FWHM) for 13C NMR spectra acquired at 48.7mT and at 4.7T in a small-animal MRI scanner demonstrates a factor of ∼12 improvement for the 13C resonance linewidth attainable at 48.7mT compared to that at 4.7T in vitro. 13C hyperpolarized succinate-1-13C resonance linewidths in vivo are at least one order of magnitude narrower at 48.7mT compared to those observed in high-field (≥3T) studies employing HP contrast agents. The demonstrated high-resolution 13C in vivo spectroscopy could be useful for high-sensitivity spectroscopic studies involving monitoring HP agent uptake or detecting metabolism using HP contrast agents with sufficiently large 13C chemical shift differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Coffey
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States; Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States.
| | - Matthew A Feldman
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States; Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States
| | - Roman V Shchepin
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States; Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States
| | - Danila A Barskiy
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States; Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States
| | - Milton L Truong
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States; Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States
| | - Wellington Pham
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States; Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States; Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States; Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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19
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Antonacci MA, Burant A, Wagner W, Branca RT. Depolarization of nuclear spin polarized 129Xe gas by dark rubidium during spin-exchange optical pumping. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2017; 279:60-67. [PMID: 28475947 PMCID: PMC5521165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Continuous-flow spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP) continues to serve as the most widespread method of polarizing 129Xe for magnetic resonance experiments. Unfortunately, continuous-flow SEOP still suffers from as-yet unidentified inefficiencies that prevent the production of large volumes of xenon with a nuclear spin polarization close to theoretically calculated values. In this work we use a combination of ultra-low field nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) measurements to study the effects of dark Rb vapor on hyperpolarized 129Xe in situ during continuous-flow SEOP. We find that dark Rb vapor in the optical cell outlet has negligible impact on the final 129Xe polarization at typical experimental conditions, but can become significant at higher oven temperatures and lower flow rates. Additionally, in the AAS spectra we also look for a signature of paramagnetic Rb clusters, previously identified as a source of xenon depolarization and a cause for SEOP inefficiency, for which we are able to set an upper limit of 8.3×1015 Rb dimers per cm3.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Antonacci
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA; Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
| | - Alex Burant
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA; Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Wolfgang Wagner
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Rosa T Branca
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA; Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
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20
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Barskiy DA, Salnikov OG, Romanov AS, Feldman MA, Coffey AM, Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV, Chekmenev EY. NMR Spin-Lock Induced Crossing (SLIC) dispersion and long-lived spin states of gaseous propane at low magnetic field (0.05T). JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2017; 276:78-85. [PMID: 28152435 PMCID: PMC5452975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
When parahydrogen reacts with propylene in low magnetic fields (e.g., 0.05T), the reaction product propane develops an overpopulation of pseudo-singlet nuclear spin states. We studied how the Spin-Lock Induced Crossing (SLIC) technique can be used to convert these pseudo-singlet spin states of hyperpolarized gaseous propane into observable magnetization and to detect 1H NMR signal directly at 0.05T. The theoretical simulation and experimental study of the NMR signal dependence on B1 power (SLIC amplitude) exhibits a well-resolved dispersion, which is induced by the spin-spin couplings in the eight-proton spin system of propane. We also measured the exponential decay time constants (TLLSS or TS) of these pseudo-singlet long-lived spin states (LLSS) by varying the time between hyperpolarized propane production and SLIC detection. We have found that, on average, TS is approximately 3 times longer than the corresponding T1 value under the same conditions in the range of pressures studied (up to 7.6atm). Moreover, TS may exceed 13s at pressures above 7atm in the gas phase. These results are in agreement with the previous reports, and they corroborate a great potential of long-lived hyperpolarized propane as an inhalable gaseous contrast agent for lung imaging and as a molecular tracer to study porous media using low-field NMR and MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danila A Barskiy
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Oleg G Salnikov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexey S Romanov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Matthew A Feldman
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Aaron M Coffey
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kirill V Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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21
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Barskiy DA, Coffey AM, Nikolaou P, Mikhaylov DM, Goodson BM, Branca RT, Lu GJ, Shapiro MG, Telkki VV, Zhivonitko VV, Koptyug IV, Salnikov OG, Kovtunov KV, Bukhtiyarov VI, Rosen MS, Barlow MJ, Safavi S, Hall IP, Schröder L, Chekmenev EY. NMR Hyperpolarization Techniques of Gases. Chemistry 2017; 23:725-751. [PMID: 27711999 PMCID: PMC5462469 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear spin polarization can be significantly increased through the process of hyperpolarization, leading to an increase in the sensitivity of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments by 4-8 orders of magnitude. Hyperpolarized gases, unlike liquids and solids, can often be readily separated and purified from the compounds used to mediate the hyperpolarization processes. These pure hyperpolarized gases enabled many novel MRI applications including the visualization of void spaces, imaging of lung function, and remote detection. Additionally, hyperpolarized gases can be dissolved in liquids and can be used as sensitive molecular probes and reporters. This Minireview covers the fundamentals of the preparation of hyperpolarized gases and focuses on selected applications of interest to biomedicine and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danila A Barskiy
- Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Aaron M Coffey
- Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Panayiotis Nikolaou
- Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | | | - Boyd M Goodson
- Southern Illinois University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Technology Center, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Rosa T Branca
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - George J Lu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Mikhail G Shapiro
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | | | - Vladimir V Zhivonitko
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oleg G Salnikov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Kirill V Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valerii I Bukhtiyarov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Matthew S Rosen
- MGH/A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Michael J Barlow
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Shahideh Safavi
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Ian P Hall
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Leif Schröder
- Molecular Imaging, Department of Structural Biology, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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22
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Coffey AM, Shchepin RV, Truong ML, Wilkens K, Pham W, Chekmenev EY. Open-Source Automated Parahydrogen Hyperpolarizer for Molecular Imaging Using (13)C Metabolic Contrast Agents. Anal Chem 2016; 88:8279-88. [PMID: 27478927 PMCID: PMC4991553 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
![]()
An
open-source hyperpolarizer producing 13C hyperpolarized
contrast agents using parahydrogen induced polarization (PHIP) for
biomedical and other applications is presented. This PHIP hyperpolarizer
utilizes an Arduino microcontroller in conjunction with a readily
modified graphical user interface written in the open-source processing
software environment to completely control the PHIP hyperpolarization
process including remotely triggering an NMR spectrometer for efficient
production of payloads of hyperpolarized contrast agent and in situ quality assurance of the produced hyperpolarization.
Key advantages of this hyperpolarizer include: (i) use of open-source
software and hardware seamlessly allowing for replication and further
improvement as well as readily customizable integration with other
NMR spectrometers or MRI scanners (i.e., this is a multiplatform design),
(ii) relatively low cost and robustness, and (iii) in situ detection capability and complete automation. The device performance
is demonstrated by production of a dose (∼2–3 mL) of
hyperpolarized 13C-succinate with %P13C ∼ 28% and 30 mM concentration and 13C-phospholactate
at %P13C ∼ 15% and 25 mM concentration
in aqueous medium. These contrast agents are used for ultrafast molecular
imaging and spectroscopy at 4.7 and 0.0475 T. In particular, the conversion
of hyperpolarized 13C-phospholactate to 13C-lactate in vivo is used here to demonstrate the feasibility of ultrafast
multislice 13C MRI after tail vein injection of hyperpolarized 13C-phospholactate in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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23
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Abstract
Recent developments in NMR hyperpolarization have enabled a wide array of new in vivo molecular imaging modalities, ranging from functional imaging of the lungs to metabolic imaging of cancer. This Concept article explores selected advances in methods for the preparation and use of hyperpolarized contrast agents, many of which are already at or near the phase of their clinical validation in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayiotis Nikolaou
- Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University, 1161 21st Ave South AA-1107, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232-2310 (United States)
| | - Boyd M. Goodson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, 62901 (United States)
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University, 1161 21st Ave South AA-1107, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232-2310 (United States)
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24
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Kovtunov KV, Truong ML, Barskiy D, Salnikov OG, Bukhtiyarov V, Coffey AM, Waddell KW, Koptyug IV, Chekmenev EY. Propane- d6 Heterogeneously Hyperpolarized by Parahydrogen. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2014; 118:28234-28243. [PMID: 25506406 PMCID: PMC4259496 DOI: 10.1021/jp508719n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Long-lived spin states of hyperpolarized propane-d6 gas were demonstrated following pairwise addition of parahydrogen gas to propene-d6 using heterogeneous parahydrogen-induced polarization (HET-PHIP). Hyperpolarized molecules were synthesized using Rh/TiO2 solid catalyst with 1.6 nm Rh nanoparticles. Hyperpolarized (PH ∼ 1%) propane-d6 was detected at high magnetic field (9.4 T) spectroscopically and by high-resolution 3D gradient-echo MRI (4.7 T) as the gas flowed through the radiofrequency coil with a spatial and temporal resolution of 0.5 × 0.5 × 0.5 mm3 and 17.7 s, respectively. Stopped-flow hyperpolarized propane-d6 gas was also detected at 0.0475 T with an observed nuclear spin polarization of PH ∼ 0.1% and a relatively long lifetime with T1,eff = 6.0 ± 0.3 s. Importantly, it was shown that the hyperpolarized protons of the deuterated product obtained via pairwise parahydrogen addition could be detected directly at low magnetic field. Importantly, the relatively long low-field T1,eff of HP propane-d6 gas is not susceptible to paramagnetic impurities as tested by exposure to ∼0.2 atm oxygen. This long lifetime and nontoxic nature of propane gas could be useful for bioimaging applications including potentially pulmonary low-field MRI. The feasibility of high-resolution low-field 2D gradient-echo MRI was demonstrated with 0.88 × 0.88 mm2 spatial and ∼0.7 s temporal resolution, respectively, at 0.0475 T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V. Kovtunov
- International
Tomography Center, 3A
Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk
State University, 2 Pirogova
St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- E-mail:
| | - Milton L. Truong
- Institute of Imaging Science, Department
of Radiology, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer
Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310, United States
| | - Danila
A. Barskiy
- International
Tomography Center, 3A
Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk
State University, 2 Pirogova
St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Oleg G. Salnikov
- International
Tomography Center, 3A
Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk
State University, 2 Pirogova
St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Valery
I. Bukhtiyarov
- Boreskov
Institute of Catalysis, SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Aaron M. Coffey
- Institute of Imaging Science, Department
of Radiology, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer
Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310, United States
| | - Kevin W. Waddell
- Institute of Imaging Science, Department
of Radiology, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer
Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310, United States
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International
Tomography Center, 3A
Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk
State University, 2 Pirogova
St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Institute of Imaging Science, Department
of Radiology, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer
Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310, United States
- E-mail:
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25
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Nikolaou P, Coffey AM, Barlow MJ, Rosen MS, Goodson BM, Chekmenev EY. Temperature-ramped (129)Xe spin-exchange optical pumping. Anal Chem 2014; 86:8206-12. [PMID: 25008290 PMCID: PMC4139178 DOI: 10.1021/ac501537w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We describe temperature-ramped spin-exchange optical pumping (TR-SEOP) in an automated high-throughput batch-mode (129)Xe hyperpolarizer utilizing three key temperature regimes: (i) "hot"-where the (129)Xe hyperpolarization rate is maximal, (ii) "warm"-where the (129)Xe hyperpolarization approaches unity, and (iii) "cool"-where hyperpolarized (129)Xe gas is transferred into a Tedlar bag with low Rb content (<5 ng per ∼1 L dose) suitable for human imaging applications. Unlike with the conventional approach of batch-mode SEOP, here all three temperature regimes may be operated under continuous high-power (170 W) laser irradiation, and hyperpolarized (129)Xe gas is delivered without the need for a cryocollection step. The variable-temperature approach increased the SEOP rate by more than 2-fold compared to the constant-temperature polarization rate (e.g., giving effective values for the exponential buildup constant γSEOP of 62.5 ± 3.7 × 10(-3) min(-1) vs 29.9 ± 1.2 × 10(-3) min(-1)) while achieving nearly the same maximum %PXe value (88.0 ± 0.8% vs 90.1% ± 0.8%, for a 500 Torr (67 kPa) Xe cell loading-corresponding to nuclear magnetic resonance/magnetic resonance imaging (NMR/MRI) enhancements of ∼3.1 × 10(5) and ∼2.32 × 10(8) at the relevant fields for clinical imaging and HP (129)Xe production of 3 T and 4 mT, respectively); moreover, the intercycle "dead" time was also significantly decreased. The higher-throughput TR-SEOP approach can be implemented without sacrificing the level of (129)Xe hyperpolarization or the experimental stability for automation-making this approach beneficial for improving the overall (129)Xe production rate in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayiotis Nikolaou
- Department
of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging
Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Aaron M. Coffey
- Department
of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging
Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, and Vanderbilt-Ingram
Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37205, United States
| | - Michael J. Barlow
- Sir Peter Mansfield
Magnetic Resonance Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew S. Rosen
- Athinoula A. Martinos
Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, United States
- Department
of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Boyd M. Goodson
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern
Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department
of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging
Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, and Vanderbilt-Ingram
Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37205, United States
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