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Brill L, Brandhoff J, Gruenewald M, Calcinelli F, Hofmann OT, Forker R, Fritz T. Partial restoration of aromaticity of pentacene-5,7,12,14-tetrone on Cu(111). NANOSCALE 2024; 16:2654-2661. [PMID: 38230573 PMCID: PMC10832359 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04848a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The π-conjugation of organic molecules can be strongly influenced when functional groups are added to a molecule, for example when pentacene is converted into pentacene-5,7,12,14-tetrone (P4O) by substitution of four H-atoms with four O-atoms, leading to four CO double bonds. In fact, although free P4O resembles the parent hydrocarbon pentacene structurally at a first glance, its electronic properties differ drastically and can be more accurately described by three benzene units connected via four carbonyl groups. If P4O is deposited onto Cu(111), the electronic interaction across the interface has previously been reported to fully restore the π-conjugation through a weakening of the CO double bonds and a redistribution of electrons, both of which have been explained with the model of surface-induced aromatic stabilization. Here, we observe for the case of P4O on Cu(111) that the molecule does not exhibit full π-conjugation upon interaction with the surface, likely because of the special electronic nature of the hybridized P4O on Cu(111). Our results are derived from CO-functionalized noncontact atomic force microscopy measurements in combination with dispersion-corrected density functional theory calculations yielding bond lengths and molecular geometries. To characterize the aromaticity, we apply the harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Brill
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Solid State Physics, Helmholtzweg 5, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Jonas Brandhoff
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Solid State Physics, Helmholtzweg 5, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Marco Gruenewald
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Solid State Physics, Helmholtzweg 5, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Fabio Calcinelli
- Graz University of Technology, Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 16/II, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Oliver T Hofmann
- Graz University of Technology, Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 16/II, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Roman Forker
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Solid State Physics, Helmholtzweg 5, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Torsten Fritz
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Solid State Physics, Helmholtzweg 5, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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Gunasekar T, Kathavarayan P, Alsinai A, Murugan G. On Certain Degree Based and Bond-additive Topological Indices of Dodeca-benzo-circumcorenene. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:1629-1641. [PMID: 38213147 DOI: 10.2174/0113862073274943231211110011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemical graph theory has been used to mathematically model the various physical and biological aspects of chemical substances. A mathematical formulation that may be applied to any graph and can characterise a molecule structure is known as a topological index or molecular descriptor. METHOD It is convenient and efficient to analyse the mathematical values and further research on various physical properties of a molecule based on these molecular descriptors. They provide useful alternatives to lengthy, expensive, and labour-intensive laboratory experiments. The topological indices can be used to predict the chemical structures, physicochemical properties, and biological activities using quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) and quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPRs). RESULT In this study, the molecular descriptors of the Dodeca-benzo-circumcorenene compounds are derived based on their corresponding molecular structures. CONCLUSION The computed indices are then compared graphically to study their relationship with the molecular structure and with each other..
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharmalingam Gunasekar
- Department of Mathematics, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R & D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600062, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ponnusamy Kathavarayan
- Department of Mathematics, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R & D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600062, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Mathematics, Chennai Institute of Technology (Autonomous), Chennai, 600069, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ammar Alsinai
- Department of Mathematics, University of Mysore, Mysore, India
| | - Govindhan Murugan
- Department of Mathematics, Chennai Institute of Technology (Autonomous), Chennai, 600069, Tamil Nadu, India
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3
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Muro-Hidalgo JM, Bazany-Rodríguez IJ, Hernández JG, Pabello VML, Thangarasu P. Histamine Recognition by Carbon Dots from Plastic Waste and Development of Cellular Imaging: Experimental and Theoretical Studies. J Fluoresc 2023; 33:2041-2059. [PMID: 36976400 PMCID: PMC10539467 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03201-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The present work highlights the sustainable approach for the transformation of plastic waste into fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) through carbonization and then they were functionalized with L-cysteine and o-phenylenediamine. CDs which were characterized by different analytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are employed to recognize Cu2+, Fe2+, and Hg2+ ions. The results show that the fluorescence emission was considerably quenched, and it is consistent with the interference and Jobs plots. The detection limit was found to be 0.35µM for Cu(II), 1.38 µM for Hg(II), and 0.51µM Fe(III). The interaction of CDs with metal ions enhances the fluorescence intensity detecting histamine successfully. It shows that plastic waste-based CDs can be applied clinically to detect toxic metals and biomolecules. Moreover, the system was employed to develop the cellular images using Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells with the support of a confocal microscope. Furthermore, theoretical studies were performed for the naphthalene layer (AR) as a model for C-dots, then optimized its structure and analyzed by using the molecular orbital. The obtained TD-DFT spectra coincided with experimental spectra for CDs/M2+/histamine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Muro-Hidalgo
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, México
| | - Iván J Bazany-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, México
| | - José Guadalupe Hernández
- Centro Tecnológico, Facultad de Estudios Superiores (FES-Aragón), State of Mexico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 57130, Aragon, México
| | - Victor Manuel Luna Pabello
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, México
| | - Pandiyan Thangarasu
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, México.
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4
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Basiuk EV, Prezhdo OV, Basiuk VA. Strong Bending Distortion of a Supercoronene Graphene Model upon Adsorption of Lanthanide Atoms. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:2910-2916. [PMID: 36926891 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Numerous applications of graphene involve quasi-infinite sheets, as well as finite structures with edges, pores, graphene quantum dots, etc. In theoretical studies of adsorption of diverse chemical species, including single atoms, molecules, cations, and anions, graphene usually behaves as a very rigid planar structure. However, we found that when adsorbing lanthanide atoms, finite size structures, represented by the widely used supercoronene model, can undergo considerable distortion, and the degree of distortion depends on the number of unpaired electrons, reaching a maximum for Gd (eight unpaired electrons). Lanthanides closely approach the supercoronene surface and increase the interaction energy. Extrapolating to real-world systems, one can expect the existence and magnitude of lanthanide-induced distortion to depend on the size of graphene structures. Quasi-infinite or very large graphene sheets are too rigid to undergo such bending, but it becomes tangible for graphene quantum dots and for atom adsorption closer to graphene edges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Basiuk
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Technología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior C.U., 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Vladimir A Basiuk
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior C.U., 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
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5
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Takahashi S, Sekiya R, Haino T. Computational Studies on the Structures of Nanographenes with Various Edge Functionalities. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200465. [PMID: 36377417 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Computational studies have often been carried out on hydrogen-terminated nanographenes (NGs). These structures are, however, far from those deduced from experimental observations, which have suggested armchair edges with two carboxy groups on the edges as dominant. We conducted computational studies on NGs consisting of C42 , C60 , C78 , C96 , C142 , and C174 carbon atoms with hydrogen, carboxy, and N-methyl imide-terminated armchair edges. DFT calculations inform distorted basal planes and similar HOMO-LUMO gaps, indicating that the edge oxidation and functionalization do not very influence the electronic structure. Comparison of observed UV-vis spectra of carboxy- and N-octadecyl chain terminated NGs with calculated spectra of model NGs informs the contribution of π-π* transitions on the basal plane to the absorptions in the visible region. A dimeric structure of NG and octadecyl-installed NG demonstrate that both the distorted basal planes and the steric contacts among the functional groups widen the surface-to-surface distance thereby allowing the invasion of solvent molecules between the surfaces. This picture is consistent with the improved solubility of edge-modified NGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusaku Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Ryo Sekiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan.,International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (SKCM2), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
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6
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Balasubramanian K. Density Functional and Graph Theory Computations of Vibrational, Electronic and Topological Properties of Porous Nanographenes. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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7
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Govardhan S, Roy S, Prabhu S, Siddiqui MK. Computation of Neighborhood M-Polynomial of Three Classes of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2103576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Govardhan
- Department of Mathematics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - S. Roy
- Department of Mathematics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - S. Prabhu
- Department of Mathematics, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai, India
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8
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Arulperumjothi M, Prabhu S, Liu JB, Rajasankar PY, Gayathri V. On counting polynomials of certain classes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2094969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Arulperumjothi
- Department of Mathematics, Saveetha Engineering College, Chennai, India
| | - S. Prabhu
- Department of Mathematics, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai, India
| | - Jia-Bao Liu
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | | | - V. Gayathri
- Department of Mathematics, St. Joseph College of Engineering, Chennai, India
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9
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Forse AC, Merlet C, Grey CP, Griffin JM. NMR studies of adsorption and diffusion in porous carbonaceous materials. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 124-125:57-84. [PMID: 34479711 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Porous carbonaceous materials have many important industrial applications including energy storage, water purification, and adsorption of volatile organic compounds. Most of their applications rely upon the adsorption of molecules or ions within the interior pore volume of the carbon particles. Understanding the behaviour and properties of adsorbate species on the molecular level is therefore key for optimising porous carbon materials, but this is very challenging owing to the complexity of the disordered carbon structure and the presence of multiple phases in the system. In recent years, NMR spectroscopy has emerged as one of the few experimental techniques that can resolve adsorbed species from those outside the pore network. Adsorbed, or "in-pore" species are shielded with respect to their free (or "ex-pore") counterparts. This shielding effect arises primarily due to ring currents in the carbon structure in the presence of a magnetic field, such that the observed chemical shift differences upon adsorption are independent of the observed nucleus to a first approximation. Theoretical modelling has played an important role in rationalising and explaining these experimental observations. Together, experiments and simulations have enabled a large amount of information to be gained on the adsorption and diffusion of adsorbed species, as well as on the structural and magnetic properties of the porous carbon adsorbent. Here, we review the methodological developments and applications of NMR spectroscopy and related modelling in this field, and provide perspectives on possible future applications and research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C Forse
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Céline Merlet
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France; Réseau sur le Stockage Électrochimique de l'Énergie (RS2E), Fédération de Recherche CNRS 3459, HUB de l'Énergie, Rue Baudelocque, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Clare P Grey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - John M Griffin
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK
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10
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Prabhu S, Murugan G, Arockiaraj M, Arulperumjothi M, Manimozhi V. Molecular topological characterization of three classes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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11
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Julietraja K, Venugopal P, Prabhu S, Arulmozhi AK, Siddiqui MK. Structural Analysis of Three Types of PAHs using Entropy Measures. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.1884101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Konsalraj Julietraja
- Department of Mathematics, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, India
| | - Padmanabhan Venugopal
- Department of Mathematics, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, India
| | - Savari Prabhu
- Department of Mathematics, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur, India
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12
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Balasubramanian K. Combinatorics of Supergiant Fullerenes: Enumeration of Polysubstituted Isomers, Chirality, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Electron Spin Resonance Patterns, and Vibrational Modes from C 70 to C 150000. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:10359-10383. [PMID: 33231454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c08914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have developed combinatorial techniques for the enumeration of isomers of polysubstituted giant fullerenes through icosahedral C150000 and applied the techniques to chirality of the isomers, NMR spectroscopy, and group theoretical analysis of the vibrational modes of supergiant fullerenes. We have employed a combination of distance-degree vectorial sequences, self-returning walk sequences followed by our generalization of Sheehan's version of Pólya's theorem, and Möbius inversion technique extended to all irreducible representations of the point groups of giant fullerenes. The concept of shell equivalence classes was utilized to analyze supergiant fullerenes. We have applied these techniques to golden fullerenes in the series C60m2 for m of up to 50 or C150000 as well as giant fullerenes in the series C180m2 and C70(D5h). We have employed computational and combinatorial tools to enumerate both chiral and achiral isomers of substituted and hetero giant fullerenes as well as NMR-generating functions for the giant fullerenes. The techniques also provide efficient tools to enumerate all of the vibrational modes of giant fullerenes in terms of the shell partitions. General combinatorial formulae are obtained for larger polysubstituted golden fullerenes of the series C60m2 for any m, and thus the techniques are applied to larger fullerenes such as C150000. New insights into chirality measures, NMR, ESR hyperfine structures, and vibrational modes of supergiant fullerenes are provided using the novel combinatorial techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnan Balasubramanian
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
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13
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Combinatorics of Edge Symmetry: Chiral and Achiral Edge Colorings of Icosahedral Giant Fullerenes: C80, C180, and C240. Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12081308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We develop the combinatorics of edge symmetry and edge colorings under the action of the edge group for icosahedral giant fullerenes from C80 to C240. We use computational symmetry techniques that employ Sheehan’s modification of Pόlya’s theorem and the Möbius inversion method together with generalized character cycle indices. These techniques are applied to generate edge group symmetry comprised of induced edge permutations and thus colorings of giant fullerenes under the edge symmetry action for all irreducible representations. We primarily consider high-symmetry icosahedral fullerenes such as C80 with a chamfered dodecahedron structure, icosahedral C180, and C240 with a chamfered truncated icosahedron geometry. These symmetry-based combinatorial techniques enumerate both achiral and chiral edge colorings of such giant fullerenes with or without constraints. Our computed results show that there are several equivalence classes of edge colorings for giant fullerenes, most of which are chiral. The techniques can be applied to superaromaticity, sextet polynomials, the rapid computation of conjugated circuits and resonance energies, chirality measures, etc., through the enumeration of equivalence classes of edge colorings.
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14
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Sekiya R, Haino T. Chemically Functionalized Two-Dimensional Carbon Materials. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:2316-2328. [PMID: 32128984 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanographenes (NGs), also known as graphene quantum dots, have recently been developed as nanoscale graphene fragments. These nanocarbon species can be excited with UV light and emit light from the UV-to-visible region. This photoemission has received great attraction across multiple scientific fields. NGs can be produced by cutting off carbon sources or fusing small organic molecules to grow graphitic structures. Furthermore, the organic synthesis of NGs has been intensely studied. Recently, the number of research papers on postsynthetic modification of NGs has gradually increased. Installed organic groups can tune the properties of NGs and provide new functionalities, opening the door for the development of sophisticated carbon-based functional materials. This review sheds light on recent progress in the postsynthetic modification of NGs and provides a brief summary of their production methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Sekiya
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
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15
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Kilymis D, Bartók AP, Pickard CJ, Forse AC, Merlet C. Efficient prediction of nucleus independent chemical shifts for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:13746-13755. [PMID: 32537616 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01705a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is one of the most powerful experimental techniques to characterize the structure of molecules and confined liquids. Nevertheless, the complexity of the systems under investigation usually requires complementary computational studies to interpret the NMR results. In this work we focus on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), an important class of organic molecules which have been commonly used as simple analogues for the spectroscopic properties of more complex systems, such as porous disordered carbons. We use Density Functional Theory (DFT) to calculate 13C chemical shifts and Nucleus Independent Chemical Shifts (NICS) for 34 PAHs. The results show a clear molecular size dependence of the two quantities, as well as the convergence of the 13C NMR shifts towards the values observed for graphene. We then present two computationally cheap models for the prediction of NICS in simple PAHs. We show that while a simple dipolar model fails to produce accurate values, a perturbative tight-binding approach can be successfully applied for the prediction of NICS in this series of molecules, including some non-planar ones containing 5- and 7-membered rings. This model, one to two orders of magnitude faster than DFT calculations, is very promising and can be further refined in order to study more complex systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Kilymis
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France. and Réseau sur le Stockage Électrochimique de l'Énergie (RS2E), Fédération de Recherche CNRS 3459, HUB de l'Énergie, Rue Baudelocque, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Albert P Bartók
- Warwick Centre for Predictive Modelling, Department of Physics and School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK and Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Scientific Computing Department, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Chris J Pickard
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, UK and Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Alexander C Forse
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK and Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Berkeley Energy and Climate Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720, USA
| | - Céline Merlet
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France. and Réseau sur le Stockage Électrochimique de l'Énergie (RS2E), Fédération de Recherche CNRS 3459, HUB de l'Énergie, Rue Baudelocque, 80039 Amiens, France
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16
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Yamato K, Sekiya R, Abe M, Haino T. Separation of Spectroscopically Uniform Nanographenes. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:1786-1791. [PMID: 30507036 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Excitation-dependent photoluminescence (PL) is a well-known property of graphene quantum dots (GQDs). For the development of carbon-based photofunctional materials, GQDs possessing uniform PL properties are in high demand. A protocol has been established to separate spectroscopically uniform lipophilic GQD-1 a from a mixture of GQD-1 mainly composed of GQD-1 a and GQD-1 b. The mixture of GQD-1 was synthesized through the reaction of p-methoxybenzylamine with GQD-2 prepared from graphite by common oxidative exfoliation. Size-exclusion chromatography gave rise to GQD-1 a and GQD-1 b, with diameters of 19.8 and 4.9 nm, respectively. Large GQD-1 a showed that the PL was fairly independent of the excitation wavelengths, whereas the PL of small GQD-1 b was dependent on excitation. The excitation-dependent nature is most likely to be associated with the structures of sp2 domains on the graphene surfaces. The large sp2 -conjugated surface of GQD-1 a is likely to possess well-developed and large sp2 domains, the band gaps of which do not significantly vary. The small sp2 -conjugated surface of GQD-1 b produces small sp2 -conjugated domains that generate band gaps differing with domain sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kairi Yamato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Ryo Sekiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
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Dias JR. Edge Effects in Benzenoid and Total Resonant Sextet Benzenoid Hydrocarbons and Clar’s Sextet Principle. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:3229-3238. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b01356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Ray Dias
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64110-2499, United States
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18
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Gu H, Tang H, Xiong P, Zhou Z. Biomarkers-based Biosensing and Bioimaging with Graphene for Cancer Diagnosis. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E130. [PMID: 30669634 PMCID: PMC6358776 DOI: 10.3390/nano9010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
At the onset of cancer, specific biomarkers get elevated or modified in body fluids or tissues. Early diagnosis of these biomarkers can greatly improve the survival rate or facilitate effective treatment with different modalities. Potential nanomaterial-based biosensing and bioimaging are the main techniques in nanodiagnostics because of their ultra-high selectivity and sensitivity. Emerging graphene, including two dimensional (2D) graphene films, three dimensional (3D) graphene architectures and graphene hybrids (GHs) nanostructures, are attracting increasing interests in the field of biosensing and bioimaging. Due to their remarkable optical, electronic, and thermal properties; chemical and mechanical stability; large surface area; and good biocompatibility, graphene-based nanomaterials are applicable alternatives as versatile platforms to detect biomarkers at the early stage of cancer. Moreover, currently, extensive applications of graphene-based biosensing and bioimaging has resulted in promising prospects in cancer diagnosis. We also hope this review will provide critical insights to inspire more exciting researches to address the current remaining problems in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China.
| | - Huiling Tang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China.
| | - Ping Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China.
| | - Zhihua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China.
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19
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Matsumoto I, Sekiya R, Haino T. A protocol for size separation of nanographenes. RSC Adv 2019; 9:33843-33846. [PMID: 35528926 PMCID: PMC9073626 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07528c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Top-down methods are convenient preparative methods for nanographenes, although the products consist of graphene fragments with a broad size distribution. We show that a combination of dialysis membranes (50, 25, 15, 8, and 2 kD) can conveniently separate nanographenes into five size distributions. The separated nanographenes can be employed as starting materials for carbon-based functional materials. Top-down methods are convenient preparative methods for nanographenes, although the products consist of graphene fragments with a broad size distribution. We developed a simple protocol for size separation of nanographenes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuya Matsumoto
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Hiroshima University
- Hiroshima 739-8526
- Japan
| | - Ryo Sekiya
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Hiroshima University
- Hiroshima 739-8526
- Japan
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Hiroshima University
- Hiroshima 739-8526
- Japan
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20
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Yeh CN, Wu C, Su H, Chai JD. Electronic properties of the coronene series from thermally-assisted-occupation density functional theory. RSC Adv 2018; 8:34350-34358. [PMID: 35548596 PMCID: PMC9087050 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01336e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To fully utilize the great potential of graphene in electronics, a comprehensive understanding of the electronic properties of finite-size graphene flakes is essential. While the coronene series with n fused benzene rings at each side (designated as n-coronenes) are possible structures for opening a band gap in graphene, their electronic properties are not yet fully understood. Nevertheless, because of their radical character, it remains very difficult to reliably predict the electronic properties of the larger n-coronenes with conventional computational approaches. In order to circumvent this, the various electronic properties of n-coronenes (n = 2-11) are investigated using thermally-assisted-occupation density functional theory (TAO-DFT) [J.-D. Chai, J. Chem. Phys., 2012, 136, 154104], a very efficient electronic structure method for studying nanoscale systems with strong static correlation effects. The ground states of the larger n-coronenes are shown to be polyradical singlets, where the active orbitals are mainly localized at the zigzag edges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Nan Yeh
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Can Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Republic of Singapore
| | - Haibin Su
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Republic of Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong China
| | - Jeng-Da Chai
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
- Center for Theoretical Physics, National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
- Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
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21
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Sharma V, Som N, Dabhi SD, Jha PK. Tailoring the Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Peculiar Triplet Ground State Polybenzoid “Triangulene”. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201703054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Sharma
- Department of Physics; Faculty of Science; The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda; Vadodara-390002 Gujarat India
| | - Narayan Som
- Department of Physics; Faculty of Science; The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda; Vadodara-390002 Gujarat India
| | - Shweta D Dabhi
- Department of Physics; M K Bhavnagar University; Bhavnagar-364001 Gujarat India
| | - Prafulla K Jha
- Department of Physics; Faculty of Science; The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda; Vadodara-390002 Gujarat India
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22
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Makino M, Nishina N, Aihara JI. Critical evaluation of HOMA and MBL as local aromaticity indices. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Makino
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University of Shizuoka; Shizuoka Japan
| | - Naoko Nishina
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Shizuoka University; Shizuoka Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Aihara
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University of Shizuoka; Shizuoka Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Shizuoka University; Shizuoka Japan
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23
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Aihara JI. Graph Theory of Aromatic Stabilization. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20160237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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24
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Nishina N, Makino M, Aihara JI. Aromatic Character of Irregular-Shaped Nanographenes. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:2431-42. [PMID: 27030605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b00972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We found that the Clar sextet formula with the maximum number of sextet rings cannot always be defined meaningfully for large irregular-shaped PAHs. It is true that edge structure is always a primary determinant of the PAH aromaticity pattern. In large PAH molecules, every edge structure modifies the aromaticity pattern near the edge, but its influence fades on going away from the edge. It follows that different textures of the aromaticity pattern appear near different edges. As a result, the entire aromaticity pattern does not always match with a single Clar formula or a single weighted superposed Clar formula. Such an unusual feature of aromaticity patterns could not have been observed distinctly if we had not explored the aromaticity patterns of large irregular-shaped PAH molecules systematically. We used the superaromatic stabilization energy (SSE) as a local aromaticity index, which is the only index of this kind not disturbed by the aromaticity of adjacent benzene rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Nishina
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University , Oya, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Masakazu Makino
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka , Yada, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Aihara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University , Oya, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.,Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka , Yada, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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25
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Yamamoto Y, Wakamatsu K, Iwanaga T, Sato H, Toyota S. Macrocyclic 2,7-Anthrylene Oligomers. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:1370-5. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201600230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Okayama University of Science; 1-1 Ridaicho, Kita-ku Okayama 700-0005 Japan
| | - Kan Wakamatsu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Okayama University of Science; 1-1 Ridaicho, Kita-ku Okayama 700-0005 Japan
| | - Tetsuo Iwanaga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Okayama University of Science; 1-1 Ridaicho, Kita-ku Okayama 700-0005 Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sato
- X-ray Research Laboratory; Rigaku Corporation; 3-9-12 Matubaracho, Akishima Tokyo 196-8666 Japan
| | - Shinji Toyota
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
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26
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Otero N, Van Alsenoy C, Pouchan C, Karamanis P. Hirshfeld-based intrinsic polarizability density representations as a tool to analyze molecular polarizability. J Comput Chem 2015; 36:1831-43. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Otero
- Équipe Chimie-Physique (ECP), Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux (IPREM) UMR 5254; Technopole Hélioparc, 2 avenue du Président Pierre Angot 64053 Pau Cedex 09 France
- Departamento de Química Física; Universidade de Vigo; 36310 Vigo Galicia Spain
| | - Christian Van Alsenoy
- Department of Chemistry; Structural Chemistry Group, University of Antwerp; Groenenborgerlaan 171 B-2020 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Claude Pouchan
- Équipe Chimie-Physique (ECP), Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux (IPREM) UMR 5254; Technopole Hélioparc, 2 avenue du Président Pierre Angot 64053 Pau Cedex 09 France
| | - Panaghiotis Karamanis
- Équipe Chimie-Physique (ECP), Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux (IPREM) UMR 5254; Technopole Hélioparc, 2 avenue du Président Pierre Angot 64053 Pau Cedex 09 France
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