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Roy R, Brouillac C, Jacques E, Quinton C, Poriel C. π-Conjugated Nanohoops: A New Generation of Curved Materials for Organic Electronics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402608. [PMID: 38744668 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Nanohoops, cyclic association of π-conjugated systems to form a hoop-shaped molecule, have been widely developed in the last 15 years. Beyond the synthetic challenge, the strong interest towards these molecules arises from their radially oriented π-orbitals, which provide singular properties to these fascinating structures. Thanks to their particular cylindrical arrangement, this new generation of curved molecules have been already used in many applications such as host-guest complexation, biosensing, bioimaging, solid-state emission and catalysis. However, their potential in organic electronics has only started to be explored. From the first incorporation as an emitter in a fluorescent organic light emitting diode (OLED), to the recent first incorporation as a host in phosphorescent OLEDs or as charge transporter in organic field-effect transistors and in organic photovoltaics, this field has shown important breakthroughs in recent years. These findings have revealed that curved materials can play a key role in the future and can even be more efficient than their linear counterparts. This can have important repercussions for the future of electronics. Time has now come to overview the different nanohoops used to date in electronic devices in order to stimulate the future molecular designs of functional materials based on these macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupam Roy
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR CNRS 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States, 32603
| | | | | | | | - Cyril Poriel
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR CNRS 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France
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2
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Xu Y, Leung MY, Yan L, Chen Z, Li P, Cheng YH, Chan MHY, Yam VWW. Synthesis, Characterization, and Resistive Memory Behaviors of Highly Strained Cyclometalated Platinum(II) Nanohoops. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13226-13235. [PMID: 38700957 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Strained carbon nanohoops exhibit attractive photophysical properties due to their unique π-conjugated structure. However, incorporation of such nanohoops into the pincer ligand of metal complexes has rarely been explored. Herein, a new family of highly strained cyclometalated platinum(II) nanohoops has been synthesized and characterized. Strain-promoted C-H bond activation has been observed during the metal coordination process, and Hückel-Möbius topology and random-columnar packing in the solid state are found. Transient absorption spectroscopy revealed the size-dependent excited state properties of the nanohoops. Moreover, the nanohoops have been successfully employed as active materials in the fabrication of solution-processable resistive memory devices, including the use of the smallest platinum(II) nanohoop for the fabrication of a binary memory, with low switching threshold voltages of ca. 1.5 V, high ON/OFF current ratios, and good stability. These results demonstrate that strain incorporation into the structure can be an effective strategy to fundamentally fine-tune the reactivity, optoelectronic, and resistive memory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youzhi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Yi Leung
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Liangliang Yan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Ziyong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Panpan Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yat-Hin Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Michael Ho-Yeung Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
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3
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Brouillac C, McIntosh N, Heinrich B, Jeannin O, De Sagazan O, Coulon N, Rault‐Berthelot J, Cornil J, Jacques E, Quinton C, Poriel C. Grafting Electron-Accepting Fragments on [4]cyclo-2,7-carbazole Scaffold: Tuning the Structural and Electronic Properties of Nanohoops. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309115. [PMID: 38251412 PMCID: PMC10987112 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Since the first applications of nanohoops in organic electronics appear promising, the time has come to go deeper into their rational design in order to reach high-efficiency materials. To do so, systematic studies dealing with the incorporation of electron-rich and/or electron-poor functional units on nanohoops have to be performed. Herein, the synthesis, the electrochemical, photophysical, thermal, and structural properties of two [4]cyclo-2,7-carbazoles, [4]C-Py-Cbz, and [4]C-Pm-Cbz, possessing electron-withdrawing units on their nitrogen atoms (pyridine or pyrimidine) are reported. The synthesis of these nanohoops is first optimized and a high yield above 50% is reached. Through a structure-properties relationship study, it is shown that the substituent has a significant impact on some physicochemical properties (eg HOMO/LUMO levels) while others are kept unchanged (eg fluorescence). Incorporation in electronic devices shows that the most electrically efficient Organic Field-Effect transistors are obtained with [4]C-Py-Cbz although this compound does not present the best-organized semiconductor layer. These experimental data are finally confronted with the electronic couplings between the nanohoops determined at the DFT level and have highlighted the origin in the difference of charge transport properties. [4]C-Py-Cbz has the advantage of a more 2D-like transport character than [4]C-Pm-Cbz, which alleviates the impact of defects and structural organization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nemo McIntosh
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel MaterialsUniversity of MonsMonsB‐7000Belgium
| | - Benoît Heinrich
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS)UMR 7504CNRS‐Université de Strasbourg23 rue du Loess, BP 43, Cedex 2Strasbourg67034France
| | | | | | | | | | - Jérôme Cornil
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel MaterialsUniversity of MonsMonsB‐7000Belgium
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4
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Kayahara E, Mizuhata Y, Yamago S. Enhanced host-guest interaction between [10]cycloparaphenylene ([10]CPP) and [5]CPP by cationic charges. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:436-444. [PMID: 38410777 PMCID: PMC10896225 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A dication of [5]cycloparaphenylene ([5]CPP2+) was selectively encapsulated by neutral [10]CPP to form the shortest double-layer carbon nanotube, [10]CPP⊃[5]CPP2+. While the same host-guest complex consisted of neutral CPPs, [10]CPP⊃[5]CPP, was already reported, the cationic complex showed an about 20 times higher association constant in (CDCl2)2 at 25 °C (103 mol L-1). Electrochemical and photophysical analyses and theoretical calculations suggested the partial electron transfer from [10]CPP to [5]CPP2+ in the complex, and this charge-transfer (CT) interaction is most likely the origin of the higher association constant of the dicationic complex than the neutral one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Kayahara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | | | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
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5
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Ishibashi H, Rondelli M, Shudo H, Maekawa T, Ito H, Mizukami K, Kimizuka N, Yagi A, Itami K. Noncovalent Modification of Cycloparaphenylene by Catenane Formation Using an Active Metal Template Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310613. [PMID: 37608514 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The active metal template (AMT) strategy is a powerful tool for the formation of mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) such as rotaxanes and catenanes, allowing the synthesis of a variety of MIMs, including π-conjugated and multicomponent macrocycles. Cycloparaphenylene (CPP) is an emerging molecule characterized by its cyclic π-conjugated structure and unique properties. Therefore, diverse modifications of CPPs are necessary for its wide application. However, most CPP modifications require early stage functionalization and the direct modification of CPPs is very limited. Herein, we report the synthesis of a catenane consisting of [9]CPP and a 2,2'-bipyridine macrocycle as a new CPP analogue that contains a reliable synthetic scaffold enabling diverse and concise post-modification. Following the AMT strategy, the [9]CPP-bipyridine catenane was successfully synthesized through Ni-mediated aryl-aryl coupling. Catalytic C-H borylation/cross-coupling and metal complexation of the bipyridine macrocycle moiety, an effective post-functionalization method, were also demonstrated with the [9]CPP-bipyridine catenane. Single-crystal X-ray structural analysis revealed that the [9]CPP-bipyridine catenane forms a tridentated complex with an Ag ion inside the CPP ring. This interaction significantly enhances the phosphorescence lifetime through improved intermolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisayasu Ishibashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Manuel Rondelli
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shudo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Takehisa Maekawa
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hideto Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kiichi Mizukami
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kimizuka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Akiko Yagi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
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6
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Li N, Sun M. Optical Physical Mechanisms of Helicene Carbon Nanohoop with Möbius Topology. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200846. [PMID: 36594674 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Optical and spectral properties of carbon nanohoop with Möbius topology is of great interest in nano-science and nano-technology. And it can be imagined that it has a lot of unexpected potential application prospects. However, theoretical calculations based on some figure-of-eight helicene carbon nanohoop with Möbius topology are still insufficient. Therefore, in this paper, we theoretically study the optical and spectral properties of figure-of-eight helicene carbon nanohoop with Möbius topology. Optical and spectral properties are analyzed with visualization method of transition density matrix and charge density difference, which reveal the unique characterization of carbon nanohoop with Möbius topology. Our results can not only deepen the understanding of the optical physical mechanisms of the nanorings with mobius carbons, but also provide deeper insight on optical properties and potential design on optical nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Mengtao Sun
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083, Beijing, China
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7
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Malinčík J, Gaikwad S, Mora‐Fuentes JP, Boillat M, Prescimone A, Häussinger D, Campaña AG, Šolomek T. Circularly Polarized Luminescence in a Möbius Helicene Carbon Nanohoop**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208591. [PMID: 35856293 PMCID: PMC9543836 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We present the first helicene carbon nanoohop that integrates a [6]helicene into [7]cycloparaphenylene. The [6]helicene endows the helicene carbon nanohoop with chiroptical properties and configurational stability typical for higher helicenes, while the radially conjugated seven para‐phenylenes largely determine the optoelectronic properties. The structure of the helicene carbon nanoohop was unambiguously characterized by NMR, MS and X‐ray analysis that revealed that it possesses a topology of a Möbius strip in the solid state and in solution. The chirality transfers from the [6]helicene to the para‐phenylenes and leads to a pronounced circular dichroism and bright circularly polarized luminescence, which is affected by the structural topology of the nanohoop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Malinčík
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel St. Johann's-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
- Prievidza Chemical Society M. Hodžu 10/16 971 01 Prievidza Slovakia
| | - Sudhakar Gaikwad
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel St. Johann's-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Juan P. Mora‐Fuentes
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Granada Avda Fuentenueva, s/n 18 071 Granada Spain
| | - Marc‐Aurèle Boillat
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel St. Johann's-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Prescimone
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel St. Johann's-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Daniel Häussinger
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel St. Johann's-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Araceli G. Campaña
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Granada Avda Fuentenueva, s/n 18 071 Granada Spain
| | - Tomáš Šolomek
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel St. Johann's-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry Biochemistry and Pharamaceutical Sciences University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
- Prievidza Chemical Society M. Hodžu 10/16 971 01 Prievidza Slovakia
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8
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Malinčík J, Gaikwad S, Mora-Fuentes JP, Boillat MA, Prescimone A, Häussinger D, Campaña AG, Šolomek T. Circularly Polarized Luminescence in a Möbius Helicene Carbon Nanohoop. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Malinčík
- University of Basel: Universitat Basel Department of Chemistry SWITZERLAND
| | - Sudhakar Gaikwad
- University of Basel: Universitat Basel Department of Chemistry SWITZERLAND
| | - Juan P. Mora-Fuentes
- University of Granada: Universidad de Granada Department of Organic Chemistry SPAIN
| | | | | | - Daniel Häussinger
- University of Basel: Universitat Basel Department of Chemistry SWITZERLAND
| | - Araceli G. Campaña
- University of Granada: Universidad de Granada Department of Organic Chemistry SPAIN
| | - Tomáš Šolomek
- University of Bern: Universitat Bern Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern SWITZERLAND
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9
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Liang J, Lu Y, Zhang J, Qiu L, Li W, Zhang Z, Wang C, Wang T. Visible and near-infrared photoluminescence of a supramolecular complex constructed from a cycloparaphenylene nanoring and an erbium metallofullerene. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:10227-10233. [PMID: 35748358 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00983h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Erbium metallofullerenes exhibit near-infrared photoluminescence from the Er3+ ions, which has potential applications in telecommunications, optical devices and bioscience. In this manuscript, we report the construction of a supramolecular complex of metallofullerene Er3N@C80 and cycloparaphenylene [12]CPP to adjust the near-infrared photoluminescence of Er3N@C80 through host-guest interactions. Moreover, this supramolecular complex shows a multiwavelength luminescence property. Mass spectrometry, electrochemical measurements and proton NMR spectroscopy were used to characterize the structure of Er3N@C80⊂[12]CPP. The electrochemical results of Er3N@C80⊂[12]CPP show the negatively shifted redox potentials compared to pristine Er3N@C80 and the 1H NMR signals of Er3N@C80⊂[12]CPP shift upfield compared to pristine [12]CPP. More importantly, the photoluminescence spectra show that the [12]CPP nanoring can affect the near-infrared emission of encapsulated Er3+ ions in Er3N@C80, with the characteristic emission peak of Er3+ at 1.5 μm being broadened and enhanced in the Er3N@C80⊂[12]CPP complex, while the fluorescence lifetime of Er3+ also becomes longer after assembly formation. Furthermore, the Er3N@C80 guest also can influence the photoluminescence property of [12]CPP, whose emission peaks exhibit a slight blue-shift in the Er3N@C80⊂[12]CPP complex. This study illustrates that the outer nanoring can be employed to adjust the photoluminescence of the encapsulated Er3+ ion in Er3N@C80.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Liang
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China. .,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Yuxi Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ling Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China. .,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Wang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhuxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Chunru Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Taishan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing 100190, China.
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10
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Kim J, Kishi R, Kayahara E, Kim W, Yamago S, Nakano M, Kim D. Ultrafast Exciton Self-Trapping and Delocalization in Cycloparaphenylenes: The Role of Excited-State Symmetry in Electron-Vibrational Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16989-16996. [PMID: 32558161 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Upon photon absorption, π-conjugated organics are apt to undergo ultrafast structural reorganization via electron-vibrational coupling during non-adiabatic transitions. Ultrafast nuclear motions modulate local planarity and quinoid/benzenoid characters within conjugated backbones, which control primary events in the excited states, such as localization, energy transfer, and so on. Femtosecond broadband fluorescence upconversion measurements were conducted to investigate exciton self-trapping and delocalization in cycloparaphenylenes as ultrafast structural reorganizations are achieved via excited-state symmetry-dependent electron-vibrational coupling. By accessing two high-lying excited states, one-photon and two-photon allowed states, a clear discrepancy in the initial time-resolved fluorescence spectra and the temporal dynamics/spectral evolution of fluorescence spectra were monitored. Combined with quantum chemical calculations, a novel insight into the effect of the excited-state symmetry on ultrafast structural reorganization and exciton self-trapping in the emerging class of π-conjugated materials is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juno Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional, π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, 03722, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ryohei Kishi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Eiichi Kayahara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Woojae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional, π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, 03722, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional, π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, 03722, Seoul, Korea
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11
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Pérez‐Jiménez ÁJ, Sancho‐García JC. Theoretical Insights for Materials Properties of Cyclic Organic Nanorings. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202000110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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12
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Kim J, Kishi R, Kayahara E, Kim W, Yamago S, Nakano M, Kim D. Ultrafast Exciton Self‐Trapping and Delocalization in Cycloparaphenylenes: The Role of Excited‐State Symmetry in Electron‐Vibrational Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juno Kim
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional, π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Korea
| | - Ryohei Kishi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560–8531 Japan
| | - Eiichi Kayahara
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Uji 611-0011 Japan
| | - Woojae Kim
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional, π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Korea
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Uji 611-0011 Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Department of Materials Engineering Science Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560–8531 Japan
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional, π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Korea
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13
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Suenobu T, Arahori I, Nakayama KI, Suzuki T, Katoh R, Nakagawa T. Reaction of Oxygen with the Singlet Excited State of [n]Cycloparaphenylenes (n = 9, 12, and 15): A Time-Resolved Transient Absorption Study Seamlessly Covering Time Ranges from Subnanoseconds to Microseconds by the Randomly-Interleaved-Pulse-Train Method. J Phys Chem A 2019; 124:46-55. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b09846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyoshi Suenobu
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ikuya Arahori
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Nakayama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | - Ryuzi Katoh
- College of Engineering, Nihon University, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8642, Japan
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14
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Linear, Non-Conjugated Cyclic and Conjugated Cyclic Paraphenylene under Pressure. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193496. [PMID: 31561548 PMCID: PMC6803999 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The n-paraphenylene family comprises chains of phenylene units linked together by C-C bonds that are between single- and double-bonded, and where n corresponds to the number of phenylene units. In this work, we compare the response of the optical properties of different phenylene arrangements. We study linear chains (LPP), cyclic systems (CPPs), and non-conjugated cyclic systems with two hydrogenated phenylenes (H4[n]CPP). Particularly, the systems of interest in this work are [6]LPP, [12]- and [6]CPP and H4[6]CPP. This work combines Raman and infrared spectroscopies with absorption and fluorescence (one- and two-photon excitations) measured as a function of pressure up to maximum of about 25 GPa. Unprecedented crystallographic pressure-dependent results are shown on H4[n]CPP, revealing intramolecular π-π interactions upon compression. These intramolecular interactions justify the H4[n]CPP singular optical properties with increasing fluorescence lifetime as a function of pressure.
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15
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Fujitsuka M, Lu C, Zhuang B, Kayahara E, Yamago S, Majima T. Size-Dependent Relaxation Processes of Photoexcited [n]Cycloparaphenylenes (n = 5–12): Significant Contribution of Internal Conversion in Smaller Rings. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:4737-4742. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b03334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Fujitsuka
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Osaka 567-0047, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Chao Lu
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Osaka 567-0047, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Bo Zhuang
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Osaka 567-0047, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Eiichi Kayahara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Majima
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Osaka 567-0047, Ibaraki, Japan
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16
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Abstract
Cycloparaphenylenes are important compounds for their photophysical and electronic properties. The curved structure of these compounds induces an alteration of the aromatic character of these compounds. D values have been used to describe the aromatic character of compounds from [5]- to [10]cycloparaphenylene. D values are compared with HOMED and with the strain energy are obtained by using an homodesmotic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio D'Auria
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università della Basilicata, V.le dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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17
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Matsumoto M, Antol I, Abe M. Curve Effect on Singlet Diradical Contribution in Kekulé-type Diradicals: A Sensitive Probe for Quinoidal Structure in Curved π-Conjugated Molecules. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24010209. [PMID: 30626064 PMCID: PMC6337420 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Curved (non-planar) aromatic compounds have attracted significant research attention in the fields of basic chemistry and materials science. The contribution of the quinoidal structure in the curved π-conjugated structures has been proposed to be the key for materials functions. In this study, the curve effect on the quinoidal contribution was investigated in Kekulé-type singlet diradicals (S-DR1-4) as a sensitive probe for quinoidal structures in curved π-conjugated molecules. The quinoidal contribution in S-DR1-4 was found to increase with increasing the curvature of the curved structure, which was quantitatively analyzed using NBO analysis and the natural orbital occupation numbers computed by the CASSCF method. The curve effect on the singlet-triplet energy gap was examined by the CASPT2 method. The singlet-triplet energy gaps for the highly π-conjugated diradicals were determined for the first time using the CASPT2 method. Substantial quinoidal contribution was found in the curved structures of the delocalized singlet diradicals S-DR1-4, in contrast to its absence in the corresponding triplet states T-DR1-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misaki Matsumoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
| | - Ivana Antol
- Laboratory for Physical Organic Chemistry, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
- Hiroshima University Research Center for Photo-Drug-Delivery Systems (HiU-P-DDS), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
- JST-CREST, K's Gobancho 6F, 7, Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan.
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18
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Tang H, Gu Z, Li C, Li Z, Wu W, Jiang X. Nanoscale vesicles assembled from non-planar cyclic molecules for efficient cell penetration. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:2552-2558. [DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00347a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A new approach to the development of functional biomaterials is to obtain a controllable nanostructure through supramolecular self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology
- and Department of Polymer Science & Engineering
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
| | - Zhewei Gu
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology
- and Department of Polymer Science & Engineering
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
| | - Cheng Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology
- and Department of Polymer Science & Engineering
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
| | - Zhibo Li
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Wei Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology
- and Department of Polymer Science & Engineering
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
| | - Xiqun Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology
- and Department of Polymer Science & Engineering
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
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19
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Fujitsuka M, Kayahara E, Lu C, Yamago S, Majima T. Significant structural relaxations of excited [n]cycloparaphenylene dications (n = 5-9). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:29207-29211. [PMID: 30426986 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04860f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hoop-shaped macrocycles such as cycloparaphenylenes ([n]CPPs, where n denotes the number of phenylene rings) have attracted considerable attention in recent years because of their interesting properties arising from the highly strained aromatic structure and radially oriented p-orbitals. While the radical cation and dication states of [n]CPPs have been characterized, there is no information available about their excited states, which are expected to exhibit enhanced redox properties. In this study, we investigated the S1 state of [n]CPP2+ by transient absorption measurements in the visible and near-IR regions. The energy of the transient absorption peak exhibited a linear relationship with the reciprocal of the repeating unit, which indicated that the distribution of the excited state expanded with the size of the ring. In addition, smaller CPP2+s showed longer excited state lifetimes. Theoretical calculations suggested that there was a substantial structural relaxation of the smaller CPP2+s accompanying the changes in the charge distribution. Therefore, it was concluded that the smaller Franck-Condon factor resulting from the considerable structural change and larger S1 energy were responsible for the longer S1 state lifetime of smaller CPP2+s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Fujitsuka
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
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20
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Xu Y, Kaur R, Wang B, Minameyer MB, Gsänger S, Meyer B, Drewello T, Guldi DM, von Delius M. Concave–Convex π–π Template Approach Enables the Synthesis of [10]Cycloparaphenylene–Fullerene [2]Rotaxanes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:13413-13420. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youzhi Xu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ramandeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bingzhe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin B. Minameyer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Gsänger
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) and Computer-Chemistry-Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstraße 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Meyer
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) and Computer-Chemistry-Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstraße 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Drewello
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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21
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Daengngern R, Camacho C, Kungwan N, Irle S. Theoretical Prediction and Analysis of the UV/Visible Absorption and Emission Spectra of Chiral Carbon Nanorings. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:7284-7292. [PMID: 30160478 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b07270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UV/vis absorption and emission spectra of recently synthesized chiral carbon nanorings were simulated using first-principles-based molecular dynamics and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). The chiral carbon nanorings are derivatives of the [ n]cycloparaphenylene ([ n]CPP) macrocycles, containing an acene unit such as naphthalene, ([ n]CPPN), anthracene ([ n]CPPA), and tetracene ([ n]CPPT), in addition to n paraphenylene units. In order to study the effect of increasing molecular size on absorption and emission spectra, we investigated the cases where n = 6 and 8. Frontier molecular orbital analysis was carried out to give insight into the degree of excitation delocalization and its relationship to the predicted absorption spectra. The lowest excited singlet state S1 corresponds to a HOMO-LUMO π-π* transition, which is allowed in all chiral carbon nanorings due to lack of molecular symmetry, in contrast to the forbidden HOMO-LUMO transition in the symmetric [ n]CPP molecules. The S1 absorption peak exhibits a blue-shift with increasing number of paraphenylene units in particular for [ n]CPPN and [ n]CPPA and less so in the case of [ n]CPPT. In the case of CPPN and CPPA, the transition density is mainly localized over a semicircle of the macrocycle with the acene unit in its center but is strongly localized on the tetracene unit in the case of CPPT. Molecular dynamics simulations performed on the excited state potential energy surfaces reveal red-shifted emission of these chiral carbon nanorings when the size of the π-conjugated acene units is increased, although the characteristic [ n]CPP blue-shift with increasing paraphenylene unit number n remains apparent. The anomalous emission blue-shift is caused by the excited state bending and torsional motions that stabilize the π HOMO and destabilize the π* LUMO, resulting in an increasing HOMO-LUMO gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rathawat Daengngern
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang , Bangkok 10520 , Thailand.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8601 , Japan
| | - Cristopher Camacho
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8601 , Japan.,School of Chemistry , University of Costa Rica , San José 11501-2060 , Costa Rica
| | - Nawee Kungwan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai 50200 , Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai 50200 , Thailand
| | - Stephan Irle
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8601 , Japan.,Computational Sciences and Engineering Division and Chemical Sciences Division , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37831 , United States
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22
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Sicard L, Jeannin O, Rault-Berthelot J, Quinton C, Poriel C. [4]Cyclofluorene: Unexpected Influence of Alkyl Chain Length. Chempluschem 2018; 83:874-880. [PMID: 31950686 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201800369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Presented here is the study of a new example of [4]cyclofluorene, with ethyl chains on the bridgeheads. Its molecular structure was established by solution NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Three successive oxidation processes and one reversible reduction were observed through cyclic voltammetry. The optical properties were characterized both in solution and thin film by UV/visible spectroscopy as well as stationary and time-resolved fluorescence. It was found that this [4]cyclofluorene displays different characteristics compared with the other [4]cyclofluorenes substituted by methyl or propyl chains: a simple modification of the chain length induces a non-negligible effect on the emission properties, which must be linked to the specific arrangement of the fluorene units. Furthermore, single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals the formation of a pseudo-tubular solid-state arrangement of fully symmetrical ring structures, which was not observed for the other members of the [4]cyclofluorenes family. This finding could open the way to modulation of properties of cyclofluorenes through alkyl chain engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lambert Sicard
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Jeannin
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | | | | | - Cyril Poriel
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France
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23
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Kayahara E, Hayashi T, Takeuchi K, Ozawa F, Ashida K, Ogoshi S, Yamago S. Strain-Induced Double Carbon-Carbon Bond Activations of Cycloparaphenylenes by a Platinum Complex: Application to the Synthesis of Cyclic Diketones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11418-11421. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Kayahara
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji 611-0011 Japan
| | - Toshiki Hayashi
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji 611-0011 Japan
| | | | - Fumiyuki Ozawa
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji 611-0011 Japan
| | - Keita Ashida
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Engineering; Osaka University; Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Sensuke Ogoshi
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Engineering; Osaka University; Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji 611-0011 Japan
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24
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Kayahara E, Hayashi T, Takeuchi K, Ozawa F, Ashida K, Ogoshi S, Yamago S. Strain-Induced Double Carbon-Carbon Bond Activations of Cycloparaphenylenes by a Platinum Complex: Application to the Synthesis of Cyclic Diketones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Kayahara
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji 611-0011 Japan
| | - Toshiki Hayashi
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji 611-0011 Japan
| | | | - Fumiyuki Ozawa
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji 611-0011 Japan
| | - Keita Ashida
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Engineering; Osaka University; Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Sensuke Ogoshi
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Engineering; Osaka University; Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji 611-0011 Japan
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25
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Stojanović L, Aziz SG, Hilal RH, Plasser F, Niehaus TA, Barbatti M. Nonadiabatic Dynamics of Cycloparaphenylenes with TD-DFTB Surface Hopping. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:5846-5860. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Saadullah G. Aziz
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah B.O.
208203, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rifaat H. Hilal
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah B.O.
208203, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Felix Plasser
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas A. Niehaus
- Univ Lyon, Université
Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Lyon, France
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26
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Reddy VS, Irle S. Indirect Intersystem Crossing (S1 → T3/T2 → T1) Promoted by the Jahn–Teller Effect in Cycloparaphenylenes. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:4944-4949. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vennapusa Sivaranjana Reddy
- School
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala PO, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, Kerala, India
| | - S. Irle
- Computational
Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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27
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Kayahara E, Qu R, Yamago S. Bromination of Cycloparaphenylenes: Strain-Induced Site-Selective Bis-Addition and Its Application for Late-Stage Functionalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Kayahara
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Kyoto 611 0011 Japan
| | - Rui Qu
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Kyoto 611 0011 Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Kyoto 611 0011 Japan
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28
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Kayahara E, Qu R, Yamago S. Bromination of Cycloparaphenylenes: Strain-Induced Site-Selective Bis-Addition and Its Application for Late-Stage Functionalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:10428-10432. [PMID: 28665009 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bromination of [n]cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) is herein reported. Small [n]CPPs (n<8) underwent a bis-bromine addition reaction with high site selectively to produce tetrabromo adducts in moderate to excellent yields. Theoretical calculations revealed that thermodynamic stability dictates both the reactivity and site selectivity of the reaction. The addition product was further converted into the octabromo product by a FeBr3 -catalyzed site-selective bromination reaction. The tetra- and octabromine adducts were then transformed into mono- to tetrabromo CPPs, which were further converted into several CPP derivatives. Therefore, bromination and subsequent transformations provide a path for late-stage functionalization of CPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Kayahara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611 0011, Japan
| | - Rui Qu
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611 0011, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611 0011, Japan
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29
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Kayahara E, Zhai X, Yamago S. Synthesis and physical properties of [4]cyclo-3,7-dibenzo[b,d]thiophene and its S,S-dioxide. CAN J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2016-0474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic tetramers of 3,7-dibenzo[b,d]thiophene (DBT) and 3,7-dibenzo[b,d]thiophene-5,5-dioxide (DBTO), i.e., [4]cyclo-DBT ([4]CDBT) and [4]cyclo-DBTO ([4]CDBTO), respectively, are synthesized by the platinum-mediated assembly of bis-metallated DBT and DBTO and the subsequent reductive elimination of platinum. This is the first example of the synthesis of sulfur-containing cycloparaphenylene (CPP) derivatives. The structure of [4]CDBTO is unambiguously determined by the single crystal X-ray analysis. Theoretical and experimental analyses of their physical properties reveal the effect of the sulfur atom and sulfonyl group at the periphery of biphenyl units of the CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Kayahara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Xue Zhai
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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30
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Abstract
Abstract
Cycloparaphenylenes and analogues thereof are substances having excellent structural and electronic properties due to radial π-conjugation modes and porous structures. Since they are partial structures of carbon nanotubes, they have also attracted attention as a template for carbon nanotube synthesis. In this chapter, we introduce a series of research on the synthesis of cycloparaphenylenes and their analogues.
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31
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Kayahara E, Fukayama K, Nishinaga T, Yamago S. Size Dependence of [n]Cycloparaphenylenes (n=5-12) in Electrochemical Oxidation. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:1793-7. [PMID: 27137132 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201600582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation processes of [n]cycloparaphenylenes ([n]CPPs) (n=5-12) were systematically investigated by cyclic and rotating disk electrode voltammetry. All CPPs underwent pseudo-reversible two-electron oxidation irrespective of ring size, forming the corresponding radical cations and then dications. The results were in sharp contrast to those observed for linear oligoparaphenylenes, which only undergo one-electron oxidation. The difference in the first and second oxidation potentials in the CPP oxidation was affected by the ring size and became more significant as the decrease of CPP size. In other words, while the first oxidation from neutral CPP to the radical cation occurred faster as the size of CPP becomes smaller, the second oxidation from the radical cation to dication exhibited opposite size dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Kayahara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611 0011, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Fukayama
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611 0011, Japan
| | - Tohru Nishinaga
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611 0011, Japan. .,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo, Japan.
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32
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Li S, Huang C, Thakellapalli H, Farajidizaji B, Popp BV, Petersen JL, Wang KK. Syntheses and Structures of Functionalized [9]Cycloparaphenylenes as Carbon Nanohoops Bearing Carbomethoxy and N-Phenylphthalimido Groups. Org Lett 2016; 18:2268-71. [PMID: 27101316 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjiang Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Changfeng Huang
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Haresh Thakellapalli
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Behzad Farajidizaji
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Brian V. Popp
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Jeffrey L. Petersen
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Kung K. Wang
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
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33
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Segawa Y, Yagi A, Matsui K, Itami K. Design and Synthesis of Carbon Nanotube Segments. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:5136-58. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201508384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasutomo Segawa
- JST, ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Chikusa; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University, Chikusa; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Akiko Yagi
- Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University, Chikusa; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Katsuma Matsui
- Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University, Chikusa; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- JST, ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Chikusa; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University, Chikusa; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM); Nagoya University, Chikusa; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
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34
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Segawa Y, Yagi A, Matsui K, Itami K. Design und Synthese von Kohlenstoffnanoröhrensegmenten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201508384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasutomo Segawa
- JST, ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Chikusa; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University, Chikusa; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Akiko Yagi
- Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University, Chikusa; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Katsuma Matsui
- Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University, Chikusa; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- JST, ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Chikusa; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University, Chikusa; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM); Nagoya University, Chikusa; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
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35
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Peña-Alvarez M, Qiu L, Taravillo M, Baonza VG, Delgado MCR, Yamago S, Jasti R, Navarrete JTL, Casado J, Kertesz M. From linear to cyclic oligoparaphenylenes: electronic and molecular changes traced in the vibrational Raman spectra and reformulation of the bond length alternation pattern. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:11683-92. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp05500h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Linear versus cyclic π-electron conjugation is discussed in oligoparaphenylenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Peña-Alvarez
- MALTA-Consolider Team
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Chemistry Faculty
- University Complutense of Madrid
- 28040 Madrid
| | - Lili Qiu
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Soft Matter
- Georgetown University
- NW
- USA
| | - Mercedes Taravillo
- MALTA-Consolider Team
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Chemistry Faculty
- University Complutense of Madrid
- 28040 Madrid
| | - Valentín G. Baonza
- MALTA-Consolider Team
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Chemistry Faculty
- University Complutense of Madrid
- 28040 Madrid
| | | | | | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute 1253
- University of Oregon
- Eugene
- USA
| | | | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- University of Málaga
- CEI Andalucía Tech
- 29071-Málaga
- Spain
| | - Miklos Kertesz
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Soft Matter
- Georgetown University
- NW
- USA
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36
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Kayahara E, Kouyama T, Kato T, Yamago S. Synthesis and Characterization of [n]CPP (n = 5, 6, 8, 10, and 12) Radical Cation and Dications: Size-Dependent Absorption, Spin, and Charge Delocalization. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 138:338-44. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b10855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Kayahara
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
- Core
Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Takahiko Kouyama
- Graduate
School of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tatsuhisa Kato
- Graduate
School of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Institute
for Liberal Arts and Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
- Core
Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
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37
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Kayahara E, Qu R, Kojima M, Iwamoto T, Suzuki T, Yamago S. Ligand‐Controlled Synthesis of [3]‐ and [4]Cyclo‐9,9‐dimethyl‐2,7‐fluorenes through Triangle‐ and Square‐Shaped Platinum Intermediates. Chemistry 2015; 21:18939-43. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Kayahara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 611 0011 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 774‐38‐3067
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo (Japan)
| | - Rui Qu
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 611 0011 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 774‐38‐3067
| | - Mitsuru Kojima
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 611 0011 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 774‐38‐3067
| | - Takahiro Iwamoto
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 611 0011 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 774‐38‐3067
| | - Toshiyasu Suzuki
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo (Japan)
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444‐8787 (Japan)
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 611 0011 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 774‐38‐3067
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo (Japan)
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38
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Kayahara E, Patel VK, Mercier A, Kündig EP, Yamago S. Regioselective Synthesis and Characterization of Multinuclear Convex-Bound Ruthenium-[n
]Cycloparaphenylene (n
=5 and 6) Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201508003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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39
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Kayahara E, Patel VK, Mercier A, Kündig EP, Yamago S. Regioselective Synthesis and Characterization of Multinuclear Convex-Bound Ruthenium-[n]Cycloparaphenylene (n = 5 and 6) Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:302-6. [PMID: 26494105 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201508003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mono- and multinuclear complexes of ruthenium and [n]cycloparaphenylene (CPP, n = 5 and 6) were synthesized in excellent yields through ligand exchange of the cationic complex [(Cp)Ru(CH3CN)3](PF6) with CPP. In the multinuclear complexes, ruthenium selectively coordinated to alternate paraphenylene units to give bis- and tris-coordinated Ru complexes for [5] and [6]CPPs, respectively. Single-crystal X-ray analysis revealed the Ru was coordinated with η(6)-hapticity on the convex surface of CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Kayahara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 611 0011 (Japan).,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo (Japan)
| | - Vijay Kumar Patel
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 611 0011 (Japan).,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo (Japan)
| | - Audrey Mercier
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4 (Switzerland)
| | - E Peter Kündig
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4 (Switzerland)
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 611 0011 (Japan). .,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo (Japan).
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40
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Segawa Y, Kuwabara T, Matsui K, Kawai S, Itami K. Palladium-free synthesis of [10]cycloparaphenylene. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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41
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Abstract
The first synthesis of a cyclic oligophenylene possessing a radial π system was reported in 2008. In the short period that has elapsed since, there has been an ever-increasing level of interest in molecules of this type, as evidenced by the volume of publications in this area. This interest has been driven by the highly unusual properties of these molecules in comparison to their linear oligoarene analogues, as well as the diverse array of potential applications for them. Notably, CPPs and related structures were proposed as viable templates for the bottom-up synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), a proposition which has recently been realised. This review gives a comprehensive and strictly chronological (by date of first online publication) treatment of literature reports from the inception of the field, with emphasis on both synthesis and properties of CPPs and related nanohoops. (The scope of this review is restricted to molecules possessing a radial π system consisting entirely of subunits which are aromatic in isolation, e.g. CPPs, but not cycloparaphenyleneacetylenes or cyclopolyacetylenes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon E Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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42
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Darzi ER, Jasti R. The dynamic, size-dependent properties of [5]-[12]cycloparaphenylenes. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:6401-10. [PMID: 25913289 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00143a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
[n]Cycloparaphenylenes (or "carbon nanohoops") are cyclic fragments of carbon nanotubes that consist of n para linked benzene rings. These strained, all sp(2) hybridized macrocycles, have size-dependent optical and electronic properties that are the most dynamic at the smallest size regime where n = 5-12. This review highlights the unique physical phenomena surrounding this class of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, specifically emphasizing the novel structural, optical, and electronic properties of [5]-[12]CPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan R Darzi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Material Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.
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43
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Fujitsuka M, Tojo S, Iwamoto T, Kayahara E, Yamago S, Majima T. Radical Ions of Cyclopyrenylene: Comparison of Spectral Properties with Cycloparaphenylene. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:4136-41. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b01189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Fujitsuka
- The
Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Sachiko Tojo
- The
Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iwamoto
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Eiichi Kayahara
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Majima
- The
Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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44
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Patel VK, Kayahara E, Yamago S. Practical Synthesis of [n]Cycloparaphenylenes (n=5, 7-12) by H2SnCl4-Mediated Aromatization of 1,4-Dihydroxycyclo-2,5-diene Precursors. Chemistry 2015; 21:5742-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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45
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Kubota N, Segawa Y, Itami K. η6-Cycloparaphenylene Transition Metal Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, Photophysical Properties, and Application to the Selective Monofunctionalization of Cycloparaphenylenes. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:1356-61. [DOI: 10.1021/ja512271p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Kubota
- Graduate
School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Segawa
- Graduate
School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- JST,
ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Graduate
School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- JST,
ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute
of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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46
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Liu J, Adamska L, Doorn SK, Tretiak S. Singlet and triplet excitons and charge polarons in cycloparaphenylenes: a density functional theory study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:14613-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01782c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Upon excitation, electron–phonon coupling leads to spatial localization of the electronic wavefunction and distortion of molecular geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Rochester
- Rochester
- USA
| | - Lyudmyla Adamska
- Theoretical Division (T-1) and Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS)
- Los Alamos National Laboratory
- Los Alamos
- USA
| | - Stephen K. Doorn
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT)
- Los Alamos National Laboratory
- Los Alamos
- USA
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division (T-1) and Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS)
- Los Alamos National Laboratory
- Los Alamos
- USA
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT)
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47
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Toriumi N, Muranaka A, Kayahara E, Yamago S, Uchiyama M. In-plane aromaticity in cycloparaphenylene dications: a magnetic circular dichroism and theoretical study. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 137:82-5. [PMID: 25526281 DOI: 10.1021/ja511320f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The electronic structures of [8]cycloparaphenylene dication ([8]CPP(2+)) and radical cation ([8]CPP(•+)) have been investigated by magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy, which enabled unambiguous discrimination between previously conflicting assignments of the UV-vis-NIR absorption spectral bands. Molecular orbital and nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) analysis revealed that [8]CPP(2+) shows in-plane aromaticity with a (4n + 2) π-electron system (n = 7). This aromaticity appears to be the origin of the unusual stability of the dication. Theoretical calculations further suggested that not only [8]CPP(2+) but also all [n]CPP (n = 5-10) dications and dianions exhibit in-plane aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Toriumi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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48
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Ito H, Mitamura Y, Segawa Y, Itami K. Thiophene‐Based, Radial π‐Conjugation: Synthesis, Structure, and Photophysical Properties of Cyclo‐1,4‐phenylene‐2′,5′‐thienylenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Ito
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464‐8602 (Japan)
| | - Yukari Mitamura
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464‐8602 (Japan)
| | - Yasutomo Segawa
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464‐8602 (Japan)
- JST, ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464‐8602 (Japan)
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464‐8602 (Japan)
- JST, ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464‐8602 (Japan)
- Institute of Transformative Bio‐Molecules (WPI‐ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya 464‐8602 (Japan)
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49
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Ito H, Mitamura Y, Segawa Y, Itami K. Thiophene‐Based, Radial π‐Conjugation: Synthesis, Structure, and Photophysical Properties of Cyclo‐1,4‐phenylene‐2′,5′‐thienylenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:159-63. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Ito
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464‐8602 (Japan)
| | - Yukari Mitamura
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464‐8602 (Japan)
| | - Yasutomo Segawa
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464‐8602 (Japan)
- JST, ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464‐8602 (Japan)
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464‐8602 (Japan)
- JST, ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464‐8602 (Japan)
- Institute of Transformative Bio‐Molecules (WPI‐ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya 464‐8602 (Japan)
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50
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Yamago S, Kayahara E, Iwamoto T. New Organic Chemistry of Three-Dimensional ^|^pi;-Conjugated Compounds. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2014. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.72.992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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