1
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Golin Almeida T, Martí C, Kurtén T, Zádor J, Johansen SL. Theoretical analysis of the OH-initiated atmospheric oxidation reactions of imidazole. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024. [PMID: 39106054 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp02103g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Imidazoles are present in Earth's atmosphere in both the gas-phase and in aerosol particles, and have been implicated in the formation of brown carbon aerosols. The gas-phase oxidation of imidazole (C3N2H4) by hydroxyl radicals has been shown to be preferentially initiated via OH-addition to position C5, producing the 5-hydroxyimidazolyl radical adduct. However, the fate of this adduct upon reaction with O2 in the atmospheric gas-phase is currently unknown. We employed an automated approach to investigate the reaction mechanism and kinetics of imidazole's OH-initiated gas-phase oxidation, in the presence of O2 and NOx. The explored mechanism included reactions available to first-generation RO2 radicals, as well as alkoxyl radicals produced from RO2 + NO reactions. Product distributions were obtained by assembling and solving a master equation, under conditions relevant to the Earth's atmosphere. Our calculations show a complex, branched reaction mechanism, which nevertheless converges to yield two major closed-shell products: 4H-imidazol-4-ol (4H-4ol) and N,N'-diformylformamidine (FMF). At 298 K and 1 atm, we estimate the yields of 4H-4ol and FMF from imidazole oxidation initiated via OH-addition to position C5 to be 34 : 66, 12 : 85 and 2 : 95 under 10 ppt, 100 ppt and 1 ppb of NO respectively. This work also revealed O2-migration pathways between the α-N-imino peroxyl radical isomers. This reaction channel is fast for the first-generation RO2 radicals, and may be important during the atmospheric oxidation of other unsaturated organic nitrogen compounds as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Golin Almeida
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Carles Martí
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore 94550, California, USA.
| | - Theo Kurtén
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Judit Zádor
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore 94550, California, USA.
| | - Sommer L Johansen
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore 94550, California, USA.
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2
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Shang Y, Luo SN. Insights into the role of the H-abstraction reaction kinetics of amines in understanding their degeneration fates under atmospheric and combustion conditions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024. [PMID: 39028293 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp02187h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Amines, a class of prototypical volatile organic compounds, have garnered considerable interest within the context of atmospheric and combustion chemistry due to their substantial contributions to the formation of hazardous pollutants in the atmosphere. In the current energy landscape, the implementation of carbon-neutral energy and strategic initiatives leads to generation of new amine sources that cannot be overlooked in terms of the emission scale. To reduce the emission level of amines from their sources and mitigate their impact on the formation of harmful substances, a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental reaction kinetics during the degeneration process of amines is imperative. This perspective article first presents an overview of both traditional amine sources and emerging amine sources within the context of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality and then highlights the importance of H-abstraction reactions in understanding the atmospheric and combustion chemistry of amines from the perspective of reaction kinetics. Subsequently, the current experimental and theoretical techniques for investigating the H-abstraction reactions of amines are introduced, and a concise summary of research endeavors made in this field over the past few decades is provided. In order to provide accurate kinetic parameters of the H-abstraction reactions of amines, advanced kinetic calculations are performed using the multi-path canonical variational theory combined with the small-curvature tunneling and specific-reaction parameter methods. By comparing with the literature data, current kinetic calculations are comprehensively evaluated, and these validated data are valuable for the development of the reaction mechanism of amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlei Shang
- Energy Research Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250014, P. R. China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Material Dynamics Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, P. R. China
| | - S N Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Material Dynamics Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, P. R. China
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3
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Etz BD, Woodley CM, Shukla MK. Reaction mechanisms for methyl isocyanate (CH 3NCO) gas-phase degradation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 473:134628. [PMID: 38795480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Methyl isocyanate (MIC) is a toxic chemical found in many commercial, industrial, and agricultural processes, and was the primary chemical involved in the Bhopal, India disaster of 1984. The atmospheric environmental chemical reactivity of MIC is relatively unknown with only proposed reaction channels, mainly involving OH-initiated reactions. The gas-phase degradation reaction pathways of MIC and its primary product, formyl isocyanate (FIC), were investigated with quantum mechanical (QM) calculations to assess the fate of the toxic chemical and its primary transformation products. Transition state energy barriers and reaction energetics were evaluated for thermolysis/pyrolysis-like reactions and bimolecular reactions initiated by relevant radicals (•OH and Cl•) to evaluate the potential energy surfaces and identify the primary reaction pathways and products. Thermolysis/pyrolysis of MIC requires high energy to initiate N-CH3 and C-H bond dissociation and is unlikely to dissociate except under extreme conditions. Bimolecular radical addition and H-abstraction reaction pathways are deemed the most kinetically and thermodynamically favorable mechanisms. The primary transformation products of MIC were identified as FIC, methylcarbamic acid, isocyanic acid (isocyanate radical), and carbon dioxide. The results of this work inform the gas-phase reaction channels of MIC and FIC reactivity and identify transformation products under various reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Etz
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Christa M Woodley
- Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA
| | - Manoj K Shukla
- Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA.
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4
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Tan W, Zhu L, Mikoviny T, Nielsen CJ, Wisthaler A, D’Anna B, Antonsen S, Stenstrøm Y, Farren NJ, Hamilton JF, Boustead GA, Ingham T, Heard DE. Experimental and Theoretical Study of the OH-Initiated Degradation of Piperidine under Simulated Atmospheric Conditions. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:2789-2814. [PMID: 38551452 PMCID: PMC11017256 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c08415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The OH-initiated photo-oxidation of piperidine and the photolysis of 1-nitrosopiperidine were investigated in a large atmospheric simulation chamber and in theoretical calculations based on CCSD(T*)-F12a/aug-cc-pVTZ//M062X/aug-cc-pVTZ quantum chemistry results and master equation modeling of the pivotal reaction steps. The rate coefficient for the reaction of piperidine with OH radicals was determined by the relative rate method to be kOH-piperidine = (1.19 ± 0.27) × 10-10 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at 304 ± 2 K and 1014 ± 2 hPa. Product studies show the piperidine + OH reaction to proceed via H-abstraction from both CH2 and NH groups, resulting in the formation of the corresponding imine (2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine) as the major product and in the nitramine (1-nitropiperidine) and nitrosamine (1-nitrosopiperidine) as minor products. Analysis of 1-nitrosopiperidine photolysis experiments under natural sunlight conditions gave the relative rates jrel = j1-nitrosoperidine/jNO2 = 0.342 ± 0.007, k3/k4a = 0.53 ± 0.05 and k2/k4a = (7.66 ± 0.18) × 10-8 that were subsequently employed in modeling the piperidine photo-oxidation experiments, from which the initial branchings between H-abstraction from the NH and CH2 groups, kN-H/ktot = 0.38 ± 0.08 and kC2-H/ktot = 0.49 ± 0.19, were derived. All photo-oxidation experiments were accompanied by particle formation that was initiated by the acid-base reaction of piperidine with nitric acid. Primary photo-oxidation products including both 1-nitrosopiperidine and 1-nitropiperidine were detected in the particles formed. Quantum chemistry calculations on the OH initiated atmospheric photo-oxidation of piperidine suggest the branching in the initial H-abstraction routes to be ∼35% N1, ∼50% C2, ∼13% C3, and ∼2% C4. The theoretical study produced an atmospheric photo-oxidation mechanism, according to which H-abstraction from the C2 position predominantly leads to 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine and H-abstraction from the C3 position results in ring opening followed by a complex autoxidation, of which the first few steps are mapped in detail. H-abstraction from the C4 position is shown to result mainly in the formation of piperidin-4-one and 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridin-4-ol, whereas H-abstraction from N1 under atmospheric conditions primarily leads to 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine and in minor amounts of 1-nitrosopiperidine and 1-nitropiperidine. The calculated rate coefficient for the piperidine + OH reaction agrees with the experimental value within 35%, and aligning the theoretical numbers to the experimental value results in k(T) = 2.46 × 10-12 × exp(486 K/T) cm3 molecule-1 s-1 (200-400 K).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tan
- Section
for Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O.Box. 1033 Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Liang Zhu
- Section
for Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O.Box. 1033 Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Tomas Mikoviny
- Section
for Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O.Box. 1033 Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Claus J. Nielsen
- Section
for Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O.Box. 1033 Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Armin Wisthaler
- Section
for Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O.Box. 1033 Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Barbara D’Anna
- Aix-Marseille
University, CNRS, LCE, UMR 7376, Marseille 13331, France
| | - Simen Antonsen
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Yngve Stenstrøm
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Naomi J. Farren
- Wolfson
Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, YO10 5DD York, U.K.
| | - Jacqueline F. Hamilton
- Wolfson
Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, YO10 5DD York, U.K.
| | | | - Trevor Ingham
- School
of Chemistry, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, U.K.
| | - Dwayne E. Heard
- School
of Chemistry, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, U.K.
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5
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Franzon L, Peltola J, Valiev R, Vuorio N, Kurtén T, Eskola A. An Experimental and Master Equation Investigation of Kinetics of the CH 2OO + RCN Reactions (R = H, CH 3, C 2H 5) and Their Atmospheric Relevance. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:477-488. [PMID: 36602183 PMCID: PMC9869398 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c07073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We have performed direct kinetic measurements of the CH2OO + RCN reactions (R = H, CH3, C2H5) in the temperature range 233-360 K and pressure range 10-250 Torr using time-resolved UV-absorption spectroscopy. We have utilized a new photolytic precursor, chloroiodomethane (CH2ICl), whose photolysis at 193 nm in the presence of O2 produces CH2OO. Observed bimolecular rate coefficients for CH2OO + HCN, CH2OO + CH3CN, and CH2OO + C2H5CN reactions at 296 K are (2.22 ± 0.65) × 10-14 cm3 molecule-1 s-1, (1.02 ± 0.10) × 10-14 cm3 molecule-1 s-1, and (2.55 ± 0.13) × 10-14 cm3 molecule-1 s-1, respectively, suggesting that reaction with CH2OO is a potential atmospheric degradation pathway for nitriles. All the reactions have negligible temperature and pressure dependence in the studied regions. Quantum chemical calculations (ωB97X-D/aug-cc-pVTZ optimization with CCSD(T)-F12a/VDZ-F12 electronic energy correction) of the CH2OO + RCN reactions indicate that the barrierless lowest-energy reaction path leads to a ring closure, resulting in the formation of a 1,2,4-dioxazole compound. Master equation modeling results suggest that following the ring closure, chemical activation in the case of CH2OO + HCN and CH2OO + CH3CN reactions leads to a rapid decomposition of 1,2,4-dioxazole into a CH2O + RNCO pair, or by a rearrangement, into a formyl amide (RC(O)NHC(O)H), followed by decomposition into CO and an imidic acid (RC(NH)OH). The 1,2,4-dioxazole, the CH2O + RNCO pair, and the CO + RC(NH)OH pair are atmospherically significant end products to varying degrees.
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6
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Stuhr M, Friedrichs G. Mid-infrared Frequency Modulation Detection of HCN and Its Reaction with O Atoms behind Shock Waves. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:9485-9496. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c06817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Stuhr
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Max-Eyth-Straße 1, 24118Kiel, Germany
| | - Gernot Friedrichs
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Max-Eyth-Straße 1, 24118Kiel, Germany
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7
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Bunkan AJC, Reijrink NG, Mikoviny T, Müller M, Nielsen CJ, Zhu L, Wisthaler A. Atmospheric Chemistry of N-Methylmethanimine (CH 3N═CH 2): A Theoretical and Experimental Study. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:3247-3264. [PMID: 35544412 PMCID: PMC9150125 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c01925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The OH-initiated
photo-oxidation of N-methylmethanimine,
CH3N=CH2, was investigated in the 200
m3 EUPHORE atmospheric simulation chamber and in a 240
L stainless steel photochemical reactor employing time-resolved online
FTIR and high-resolution PTR-ToF-MS instrumentation and in theoretical
calculations based on quantum chemistry results and master equation
modeling of the pivotal reaction steps. The quantum chemistry calculations
forecast the OH reaction to primarily proceed via H-abstraction from
the =CH2 group and π-system C-addition, whereas
H-abstraction from the −CH3 group is a minor route
and forecast that N-addition can be disregarded under atmospheric
conditions. Theoretical studies of CH3N=CH2 photolysis and the CH3N=CH2 + O3 reaction show that these removal processes are too slow to
be important in the troposphere. A detailed mechanism for OH-initiated
atmospheric degradation of CH3N=CH2 was
obtained as part of the theoretical study. The photo-oxidation experiments,
obstructed in part by the CH3N=CH2 monomer–trimer
equilibrium, surface reactions, and particle formation, find CH2=NCHO and CH3N=CHOH/CH2=NCH2OH as the major primary products in a ratio
18:82 ± 3 (3σ-limit). Alignment of the theoretical results
to the experimental product distribution results in a rate coefficient,
showing a minor pressure dependency under tropospheric conditions
and that can be parametrized k(T) = 5.70 × 10–14 × (T/298 K)3.18 × exp(1245 K/T) cm3 molecule–1 s–1 with k298 = 3.7 × 10–12 cm3 molecule–1 s–1. The atmospheric
fate of CH3N=CH2 is discussed, and it
is concluded that, on a global scale, hydrolysis in the atmospheric
aqueous phase to give CH3NH2 + CH2O will constitute a dominant loss process. N2O will not
be formed in the atmospheric gas phase degradation, and there are
no indications of nitrosamines and nitramines formed as primary products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Joakim C Bunkan
- Section of Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033-Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Nina G Reijrink
- Section of Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033-Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Tomáš Mikoviny
- Section of Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033-Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Markus Müller
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Claus J Nielsen
- Section of Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033-Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Liang Zhu
- Section of Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033-Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Armin Wisthaler
- Section of Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033-Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway.,Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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8
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Tan W, Zhu L, Mikoviny T, Nielsen CJ, Tang Y, Wisthaler A, Eichler P, Müller M, D'Anna B, Farren NJ, Hamilton JF, Pettersson JBC, Hallquist M, Antonsen S, Stenstrøm Y. Atmospheric Chemistry of 2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol: A Theoretical and Experimental Study of the OH-Initiated Degradation under Simulated Atmospheric Conditions. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:7502-7519. [PMID: 34424704 PMCID: PMC8419843 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c04898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The OH-initiated
degradation of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol [CH3C(NH2)(CH3)CH2OH, AMP] was
investigated in a large atmospheric simulation chamber, employing
time-resolved online high-resolution proton-transfer reaction-time-of-flight
mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) and chemical analysis of aerosol online
PTR-ToF-MS (CHARON-PTR-ToF-MS) instrumentation, and by theoretical
calculations based on M06-2X/aug-cc-pVTZ quantum chemistry results
and master equation modeling of the pivotal reaction steps. The quantum
chemistry calculations reproduce the experimental rate coefficient
of the AMP + OH reaction, aligning k(T) = 5.2 × 10–12 × exp (505/T) cm3 molecule–1 s–1 to the experimental value kexp,300K =
2.8 × 10–11 cm3 molecule–1 s–1. The theoretical calculations predict that
the AMP + OH reaction proceeds via hydrogen abstraction from the −CH3 groups (5–10%), −CH2– group,
(>70%) and −NH2 group (5–20%), whereas
hydrogen
abstraction from the −OH group can be disregarded under atmospheric
conditions. A detailed mechanism for atmospheric AMP degradation was
obtained as part of the theoretical study. The photo-oxidation experiments
show 2-amino-2-methylpropanal [CH3C(NH2)(CH3)CHO] as the major gas-phase product and propan-2-imine [(CH3)2C=NH], 2-iminopropanol [(CH3)(CH2OH)C=NH], acetamide [CH3C(O)NH2], formaldehyde (CH2O), and nitramine 2-methyl-2-(nitroamino)-1-propanol
[AMPNO2, CH3C(CH3)(NHNO2)CH2OH] as minor primary products; there is no experimental
evidence of nitrosamine formation. The branching in the initial H
abstraction by OH radicals was derived in analyses of the temporal
gas-phase product profiles to be BCH3/BCH2/BNH2 = 6:70:24. Secondary photo-oxidation products
and products resulting from particle and surface processing of the
primary gas-phase products were also observed and quantified. All
the photo-oxidation experiments were accompanied by extensive particle
formation that was initiated by the reaction of AMP with nitric acid
and that mainly consisted of this salt. Minor amounts of the gas-phase
photo-oxidation products, including AMPNO2, were detected
in the particles by CHARON-PTR-ToF-MS and GC×GC-NCD. Volatility
measurements of laboratory-generated AMP nitrate nanoparticles gave
ΔvapH = 80 ± 16 kJ mol–1 and an estimated vapor pressure of (1.3 ± 0.3)
× 10–5 Pa at 298 K. The atmospheric chemistry
of AMP is evaluated and a validated chemistry model for implementation
in dispersion models is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tan
- Section for Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Liang Zhu
- Section for Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Tomáš Mikoviny
- Section for Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Claus J Nielsen
- Section for Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Yizhen Tang
- Section for Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Armin Wisthaler
- Section for Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway.,Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Philipp Eichler
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Müller
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara D'Anna
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LCE, UMR 7376, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Naomi J Farren
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Jacqueline F Hamilton
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Jan B C Pettersson
- Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mattias Hallquist
- Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Simen Antonsen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Yngve Stenstrøm
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
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9
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Antonsen S, Bunkan AJC, Mikoviny T, Nielsen CJ, Stenstrøm Y, Wisthaler A, Zardin E. Atmospheric Chemistry of Methyl Isocyanide-An Experimental and Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:6562-6571. [PMID: 32663395 PMCID: PMC7458469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c05127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of CH3NC with OH radicals was studied in smog chamber experiments employing PTR-ToF-MS and long-path FTIR detection. The rate coefficient was determined to be kCH3NC+OH = (7.9 ± 0.6) × 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at 298 ± 3 K and 1013 ± 10 hPa; methyl isocyanate was the sole observed product of the reaction. The experimental results are supported by CCSD(T*)-F12a/aug-cc-pVTZ//M06-2X/aug-cc-pVTZ quantum chemistry calculations showing the reaction to proceed primarily via electrophilic addition to the isocyanide carbon atom. On the basis of the quantum chemical data, the kinetics of the OH reaction was simulated using a master equation model revealing the rate coefficient to be nearly independent of pressure at tropospheric conditions and having a negative temperature dependence with kOH = 4.2 × 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at 298 K. Additional quantum chemistry calculations on the CH3NC reactions with O3 and NO3 show that these reactions are of little importance under atmospheric conditions. The atmospheric fate of methyl isocyanide is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arne Joakim C. Bunkan
- Section
for Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033
− Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Tomas Mikoviny
- Section
for Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033
− Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Claus J. Nielsen
- Section
for Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033
− Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Yngve Stenstrøm
- Department
of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Aas, Norway
| | - Armin Wisthaler
- Section
for Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033
− Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Erika Zardin
- Section
for Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033
− Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
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10
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Glarborg P, Andreasen CS, Hashemi H, Qian R, Marshall P. Oxidation of methylamine. INT J CHEM KINET 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Glarborg
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Technical University of Denmark Lyngby Denmark
| | - Charlotte S. Andreasen
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Technical University of Denmark Lyngby Denmark
| | - Hamid Hashemi
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Technical University of Denmark Lyngby Denmark
| | - Rachel Qian
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling University of North Texas Denton Texas
| | - Paul Marshall
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling University of North Texas Denton Texas
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11
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Ali MA. Computational studies on the gas phase reaction of methylenimine (CH 2NH) with water molecules. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10995. [PMID: 32620911 PMCID: PMC7335075 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67515-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we used quantum chemical methods and chemical kinetic models to answer the question of whether or not formaldehyde (CH2O) and ammonia (NH3) can be produced from gas phase hydration of methylenimine (CH2NH). The potential energy surfaces (PESs) of CH2NH + H2O → CH2O + NH3 and CH2NH + 2H2O → CH2O + NH3 + H2O reactions were computed using CCSD(T)/6-311++G(3d,3pd)//M06-2X/6-311++G(3d,3pd) level. The temperature-and pressure-dependent rate constants were calculated using variational transition state theory (VTST), microcanonical variational transition state theory [Formula: see text] and Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus/master equation (RRKM/ME) simulations. The PES along the reaction path forming a weakly bound complex (CH2NH⋯H2O) was located using VTST and [Formula: see text]VTST, however, the PES along the tight transition state was characterized by VTST with small curvature tunneling (SCT) approach. The results show that the formation of CH2NH + H2O → CH2NH⋯H2O is pressure -and temperature-dependent. The calculated atmospheric lifetimes of CH2NH⋯H2O (~ 8 min) are too short to undergo secondary bimolecular reactions with other atmospheric species. Our results suggest that the formation of CH2O and NH3 likely to occur in the combustion of biomass burning but the rate of formation CH2O and NH3 is predicted to be negligible under atmospheric conditions. When a second water molecule is added to the reaction, the results suggest that the rates of formation of CH2O and NH3 remain negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Akbar Ali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
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12
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Zareipour R, Vahedpour M. Atmospheric reaction pathways of methanimine and nitroxyl: a theoretical study. Struct Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-019-01375-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Hydrogen abstraction of methanimine by X12N12 (X = B, Al) nanoclusters: a DFT study. Struct Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-019-01424-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Kinetic and mechanisms of methanimine reactions with singlet and triplet molecular oxygen: Substituent and catalyst effects. Chem Phys Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Akbar Ali M, M. B, Lin KC. Catalytic effect of a single water molecule on the OH + CH2NH reaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:4297-4307. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07091h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Effect of water molecule on atmospheric oxidation of imines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Balaganesh M.
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan University
- Taiwan
| | - K. C. Lin
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan University
- Taiwan
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16
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Vazart F, Calderini D, Puzzarini C, Skouteris D, Barone V. State-of-the-Art Thermochemical and Kinetic Computations for Astrochemical Complex Organic Molecules: Formamide Formation in Cold Interstellar Clouds as a Case Study. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:5385-5397. [PMID: 27689448 PMCID: PMC5856337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe an integrated computational strategy aimed at providing reliable thermochemical and kinetic information on the formation processes of astrochemical complex organic molecules. The approach involves state-of-the-art quantum-mechanical computations, second-order vibrational perturbation theory, and kinetic models based on capture and transition state theory together with the master equation approach. Notably, tunneling, quantum reflection, and leading anharmonic contributions are accounted for in our model. Formamide has been selected as a case study in view of its interest as a precursor in the abiotic amino acid synthesis. After validation of the level of theory chosen for describing the potential energy surface, we have investigated several pathways of the OH + CH2NH and NH2 + H2CO reaction channels. Our results show that both reaction channels are essentially barrierless (in the sense that all relevant transition states lie below or only marginally above the reactants) and once tunneling is taken into the proper account indicate that the reaction can occur under the low temperature conditions of interstellar environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Vazart
- Scuola Normale Superiore, piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56125 Pisa, Italy
| | - Danilo Calderini
- Scuola Normale Superiore, piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56125 Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Puzzarini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Barone
- Scuola Normale Superiore, piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56125 Pisa, Italy
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17
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Ali MA, Sonk JA, Barker JR. Predicted Chemical Activation Rate Constants for HO2 + CH2NH: The Dominant Role of a Hydrogen-Bonded Pre-reactive Complex. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:7060-70. [PMID: 27529639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b06531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Akbar Ali
- Department of Climate and
Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143, United States
| | - Jason A. Sonk
- Department of Climate and
Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143, United States
| | - John R. Barker
- Department of Climate and
Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143, United States
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18
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Bunkan AJC, Mikoviny T, Nielsen CJ, Wisthaler A, Zhu L. Experimental and Theoretical Study of the OH-Initiated Photo-oxidation of Formamide. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:1222-30. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arne Joakim C. Bunkan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of
Chemistry, and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Tomas Mikoviny
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of
Chemistry, and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Claus J. Nielsen
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of
Chemistry, and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Armin Wisthaler
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of
Chemistry, and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Liang Zhu
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of
Chemistry, and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
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19
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Akbar Ali M, Barker JR. Comparison of Three Isoelectronic Multiple-Well Reaction Systems: OH + CH2O, OH + CH2CH2, and OH + CH2NH. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:7578-92. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b00910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Akbar Ali
- Department
of Atmospheric,
Ocean, and Space Sciences, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143, United States
| | - John R. Barker
- Department
of Atmospheric,
Ocean, and Space Sciences, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143, United States
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20
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Bunkan AJC, Hetzler J, Mikoviny T, Wisthaler A, Nielsen CJ, Olzmann M. The reactions of N-methylformamide and N,N-dimethylformamide with OH and their photo-oxidation under atmospheric conditions: experimental and theoretical studies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:7046-59. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05805d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The atmospheric oxidation of amides is studied with a combination of laser photolysis and smog chamber experiments along with quantum chemical and statistical rate theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Joakim C. Bunkan
- Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oslo
- 0315 Oslo
- Norway
| | - Jens Hetzler
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Tomáš Mikoviny
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics
- University of Innsbruck
- A-6020 Innsbruck
- Austria
| | - Armin Wisthaler
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics
- University of Innsbruck
- A-6020 Innsbruck
- Austria
| | - Claus J. Nielsen
- Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oslo
- 0315 Oslo
- Norway
| | - Matthias Olzmann
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
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